RX+Nu- RNu+X-1

2345

O-H

H2O C2H5OH (CH3)3COH HCCH NH3 CH3CH3 pKa 15.74 18 19 25 34 42 HO C2H5O (CH3)3CO HCC NH2 CH3CH2

ROHRO OH C2H5ONa CH3ONa

OH

CH3OH > > >

CO

> > HI > HBr > HCl

(Lucas reaction)

SN1

SN2

PX3 SOCl2 PX3SOCl2

X HSO4 -S N2

5,

HIO4

1 pKa =9.95 pKa 18 pKa1 =6.38 pKa2 =10.32)

pKa 7.17 pKa 7.15 pKa 8.40 pKa 10.28 pKa 10.14 pKa 10.08

2FeCl3 )FeCl3 ;FeCl3 :

3 2,4,6-

(Ar)RO(A)

-H

ArCORArCOAr -.

- (1) (2) a. b. c. HCN

H2N-R H2N-OH H2N-NH2 2,4- +24-

2,4-

-H-----

-H(C-

- --H-H

-H-HClaisenSchmidt

-I -:

-H-

-: I2+NaOH CHI3

1 KMnO4/H+ K2Cr2O7/H+, Ag2O TollensFehling2 3

4

5

1.Tollens()

2. (CuSO4 , )

-

- H;HCHOH

Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+,

1 Ka pKa = -lg Ka

pKa 10-2

1 2.

2 (Cl, Br)

H2SO4, HCl, ArSO3H3

4 84%

3

1N

> NH3 >

pKb 34.5 4.75 910

RNH2 < R2NH > R3N

2

3RCOCl(RCO)2O NH

4i.

5~9

ii. !iii.

Organic Chem

1 () 2 29 9

12 1 2 D/L 1 2D- L- D-

1 NaHSO3

2D- 3 1460C +1120 1500C +18.70

1 1D-+-D-+-D-+ D/L- D/L-(0.1%)(36%)(64%)[]D=+1120[]D=+18.70

b NaHSO3 a ()

c 2(Haworth)a

--C2C3

C1C1C1b-D--D-

1 1 (Benedict) a ()

b

-2 aPH6

3a b b--Br+ HBr-HBr - -

4

5 1--C1C22 6 ATP

7 ()()-D--D-12 3

+-+-D--144-O-(-D-)-D-2+- 13(-)

+-+-- D--D--12

-D---D--D---D-12+- 3(-) (-D-)

2-14-14 -16

1 3 1 1D--14 2

4 3D- 2 12 200300D--14

3 600040000D--14-16-4 3 12 4 1 2

(1). --(2). ,-,A.B.D-L-L-

AA1R AA AA RAA2R RAA RAA

3R AA AA

R* 20:

1. 2.

glycine Gly G 5.97 alanine Ala A 6.00 valine Val V 5.96 leucine Leu L 5.98 isoleucine Ile I 6.02 phenylalanine Phe F 5.48 proline Pro P 6.303.

tryptophan Trp W 5.89 serine Ser S 5.68 tyrosine Tyr Y 5.66 cysteine Cys C 5.07 methionine Met M 5.74 asparagine Asn N 5.41 glutamine Gln Q 5.65 threonine Thr T 5.604.

1 -NH3+ -COO-

pH = pI =0 pH< pIpH > pI(pK1)(pK2) pH, , , , pH(isoelectric pointpI ) pH.1

A. pH3.22

B.

2

22NH2CH2COOH

, .

3NH3CO2NH3

A.NH2COOHB.C.570nmD. 0.5~50g/ml E.NH3A.B.

1--1-