THIS IS ENGINEERING VIDEO

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

ENGG1803 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING

Bridge Over Troubled Water Project Technical Information

Course Manager | Amy Clark Tuesday, Week 5 (26th August, 2014)

Administration

Short Reports 2 (1.5%) Marks have been released via the My Grades tab available on LMS.

Essay Reports (15%) Marks will be released via the My Grades

tab available on LMS on Thursday.

Project Proposals (2%) Due in class TODAY!

Project Presentations (10%) Tuesday/Thursday of Week 7.

Plagiarism Zero tolerance policy. Plagiarism will attract an immediate zero grade. Further action may be taken.

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WORD CRIMES VIDEO

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English Literacy in Engineering

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LHS 0 = RHS 0 = 0

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Word Crimes Weird Al Academic Language Be technical, rigorous, and critically evaluative! Grammar Proof read your work! Translations ESL students should consider contacting CET for support. Academic Resources The use of academic resources was largely poor.

Use the university databases! Referencing In-text citations needed work across the board. [ir]RELEVANT Graphics Formatting Layout Essay Report Content

- Quality of 3 Challenges/Improvements - Project Management - Reflection Statements

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The Learning Centre http://sydney.edu.au/stuserv/learning_centre/

Centre for English Teaching http://sydney.edu.au/cet/

The Innovation Process We have completed;

Three Assessment Submissions Soon to be four! Information Skills John Curries lecture. Creativity & Engineering John Curries lecture. Tutorial Exercises

- CARDS Source Analysis - Brainstormed Project Design Alternatives. - INNOVATION PHASE 1: SCAMPER Analysis.

- We are about to enter INNOVATION PHASE 2: Evaluating Options.

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The Innovation Process

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Bridge Over Troubled Water

The availability of safe public transportation is a privilege that is easily taken for granted in the developed world. In the developing world the opposite is true.

(Ayodele 2008)

Arps, P 2011, Bamboo Bridge, photograph, viewed 15 July 2014,

Step 1: Project Brief.

The project brief is available for download from the LMS (eLearning) site under the Project Information tab.

Additional information will become available as it becomes relevant with project progression.

Please, read the brief thoroughly! Approach your lecturers and tutors as your professional clients. You must fully understand the requirements!

Have YOU done this?

Step 2: Project Objective

1: The objective of this project is to develop a storm-resistant, all-weather bridge structure that facilitates daily migratory patterns for use by residents of the Tonle Sap river system of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

Identify: -Who? - Residents of the Tonle Sap -What? - Transport infrastructure -Where? - Tonle Sap, Cambodia -Why? - Define the imperative

Do you understand the project objective

Step 3: The Imperative?

The backbone of any sustainable development is physical infrastructure: roads and bridges, railways, [and] ports and inland waterwaysCambodia still lacks [the] physical infrastructure [needed to promote] social and economic development.

(Sum 2008)

It is the obligation of all engineers as humanitarians to consider such imperatives.

Have you defined YOUR imperative?

Socioeconomic Context Imperative

2 of the project brief outlines a contextual overview of the Tonle Sap context.

Consider the written language endeavour for this standard!

What i s the impera t i ve (need ) fo r th i s infrastructure?

How do other inadequacies (e.g. in sanitation) effect our imperative?

Have you conducted preliminary contextual research?

Step 4: Project Scope

3: You will design and construct a storm-resistant, all-weather bridge structure that facilitates daily migratory patterns for use by residents of the Tonle Sap river system.

This is a basic job specification only!

The project scope is self-determined by students.

Have you defined your scope?

The Knack

WATCH >> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8vHhgh6oM0

Remember this?

Preliminary Project Steps

Focus Topics

Literature Review

Research The

Project

Bridge Over Troubled Water

Cambodian Context

Research Tonle Sap social demographics, geography, sanitation

statistics, etc.

Consider the imperative! How is

transport mismanaged?

Define project scope!

Existing Bridge Design Techniques

Structural and material design.

Supportive technical calculations!

For Today!

Step 4: Project Requirements

1. Compile a team constitution. 2. Analyse the socio-economic context of Tonle Sap, Cambodia. 3. Define your project scope and analyse the relevant technical

requirements. 4. Develop at least 3 approaches to the provision of an all-weather

bridge structure. 5. Evaluate the options. 6. Perform a presentation. 7. Compile a detailed design report. 8. Develop and construct an operating prototype. 9. Submit a detailed, final project report. 10. Submit a detailed reflection on your learning experiences.

Step 5: Technical Calculations

You must support your designs with financial and technical calculations! -Energy transformations, -Load calculations, -Project scaling and Reynolds equivalence, and -Financial justifications:

Costing analyses and budgeting, Expected performance calculations, and Financial projections (revenue estimates, PNL statements, payback period estimates).

QUICK! Write that down!

Escher and Engineering

XrayMike (blogger) 2013, If M. C. Escher had been a construction worker, weblog post, Collapse of Industrial Civilisation, viewed 1 August 2013,

A little confused?

Easier than I Thought!

WATCH >> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IATjP95bZro

Your tutors are here to

help!

You were asked to read this chapter

for Tuesday classes. If you have

not, you will fall behind in tutorials!

1: Economic Feasibility

Financial justifications: Costing analyses and budgeting, E x p e c t e d p e r f o r m a n c e

calculations, and Financial projections (revenue

estimates, PNL (profits and loss) statements, payback period estimates).

Refer to textbook Chapter 10: Evaluating Options. You will be doing some pract ise f inancia l questions in the tutorials today.

The BIG Picture Think about what you are doing! Through your f inancia l calculat ions you are demonstrating to your client, your lecturers and tutors, that your project is economically feasible.

You need to; - Cost materials - Detail resource funding (i.e. who will you hire to develop and build

your prototype?)

- Consider, how will you source funds? Dont forget about the time value of money (refer textbook pg. 468 Economic Feasibility)!

Specificity to Project Scope

Remember, the specific structural mechanisms you employ will be specific to your project scope.

You must include financial calculations AND some other form of technical calculations!

You must define what it is that your bridge will be used for (based on your selected target market). This will then inform your technical design.

The onus is on YOU to justify your

methodology!

2: Structural Design

Member Design -Design by Axial Loads -Tensile members -Compression members

-Member Types -Cables

-Member Sizing based on load magnitudes. Connections Design imperative for transferring loads and bending moments.

2: Material Design

Strength/Load Bearing Capacity Flexural Rigidity Ductility and Ductile Failure Corrosion Resistance UV Resistance Resource Availability Price Point Context-Dependency

3: Construction Processes

Project Management skills are imperative to ensuring structural integrity is maintained throughout construction.

Not only must designs be structural sound upon completion, but also DURING construction.

Consider the following How Stuff Works video: -http://science.howstuffworks.com/bridge-building-videos-playlist.htm

I got 99 Problems But A Bridge Aint One!

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3: Dead and Imposed Actions

Australian Standards, AS/NZS 1170: Structural Design Actions: - You may access SAI Global (an online database storing all the

Australian Standards) using your UniKey and password via the LIBRARY website.

- Go to: University of Sydney library page. Select Databases and Electronic Resources tab. Select Engineering under Databases by Subject heading. Select Australian Standards Online. You will be prompted to login using your UniKey. Agree to usage conditions. You will now find yourself on the SAI Global homepage. Search the aforementioned

standards, AS/NZS 1170!

Keep to the Code!

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Using the Standards

Consider, -ULTIMATE limit states, -SERVICEABILITY limit states.

For,

-DEAD loads/actions - We specify the amount of materials used. We can look up

standard densities for the materials used. How can we then determine the load from each material?

Consider the definition of density and Newtons laws: = m/V AND F = ma!

-IMPOSED loads/actions

Do you know what these terms

mean?

4: Rudimentary Fluid Mechanics

We are building on water, so we must consider the basic principles of fluid mechanics. - We have the dead and imposed loads, so we know the weight. - We know Archimedes Principle:

- The buoyancy force has a magnitude equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and is directed vertically upward.

- How can we increase the buoyancy force to support the weight of our structure?

That is, how can we make our object displace more

water?

Flow Rate, Q

You are able to control how high your device floats in the water by controlling how much water the floatation tanks hold, allowing inflow and outflow.

We need to consider flow rates! -Flow Rate, Q = v x A, where -v denotes velocity (m/s), and -A denotes the cross-sectional area of the opening (m2).

These will be approximate calculations. You should TEST the rate BEFORE the assessable prototype testing day!

You will run through a sample

calculation with your tutors!

Reynolds Number (Re) In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless

quantity that is used to assist in predicting similar flow patterns in different fluid flow scenarios.

The Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. Hence, the number quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.

High Reynolds numbers indicate turbulent flow. Low Reynolds numbers indicate laminar flow.

But what is Reynolds equivalence? And how does it come into play when prototyping?

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Reynolds Equivalence A prototype aircraft is intended to fly at 600 km / h. We will study a model in a wind tunnel at 1 : 20 scale respecting the Reynolds number condition. a) If the conditions of pressure and temperature are the same

in the wind tunnel as in the atmosphere, what must be the air velocity in the wind tunnel ?

b) For the previous test, calculate the forces applied to the model and the prototype.

Appropriated from CIVL3612: Fluid Mechanics 2

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Solution (a)

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Solution (b)

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Review of Technical Requirements

You must support your designs with scientific principles, and financial and technical calculations! -Buoyancy and basic fluid mechanics calculations, -Load calculations, -Project scaling, and -Financial justifications:

Costing analyses and budgeting, Expected performance calculations, and Financial projections (revenue estimates, PNL statements, payback period

estimates).

Putting Theory into Practise

Your tutors will run you through some examples in todays tutorials.

You must use technical calculations to support your designs. However, the calculations you specify will be unique for each project.

Choose wisely!

And, if in doubt, ASK!

Thoughts and Works

Reference List

AAC International 2012, Cambodia Water Projects, screenshot from video, viewed 9 July 2013,

Arps, P 2011, Bamboo Bridge, photograph, viewed 15 July 2014,

H20U 2007, Hach Company, accessed 22 August 2013, Hearn, K 2006, Lack of Toilets Harming Health of Billions, UN Report Says, in National Geographic News,

accessed 20 September 2009, from

Sum, M. (2008), Infrastructure Development in Cambodia, in Kumar, N. (ed.), International Infrastructure Development in East Asia Towards Balanced Regional Development and Integration, ERIA Research Project Report 2007-2, Chiba: IDE-JETRO, pp.32-84.

XrayMike (blogger) 2013, If M. C. Escher had been a construction worker, weblog post, Collapse of Industrial Civilisation, viewed 1 August 2013,