3!4 FM?M=4VI=a BM[MI=KP ( 0.( KMABIDFEd #gDK]eI ... 88ks Î á n 88 Ð 8 üt ke K u“m” s “m ª...
Transcript of 3!4 FM?M=4VI=a BM[MI=KP ( 0.( KMABIDFEd #gDK]eI ... 88ks Î á n 88 Ð 8 üt ke K u“m” s “m ª...
3 4 FM M VI a BM[MI KP ( 0 .(5 : ., [ (/ - *, (
P 0 J UMLKMV IT K U -*, , *. .(
IDF E d gD K]eI[ , , ,
, B if E cba C V V TA
, , , ,
, , , , , ,M M 3M MVL B JaV 8 7I ]PI ( AI]T ; ; IVL OM [) 2S [ AIS bLa* C N M 7 3PI
] [I 5M B [ , 2VL MI 7 [KPM - CIU VO. I[ I I I[MS/ I MV ]hIVI 6L I L 6
AI M [ V ;IK ]M[ AMVLM [ ( C U V ATI ) KPIMT A LMTT * 9M L ]V A [KPSI I g 3I TTM
A]UI TI , 4TI M B][J LOM - . FM V SI C M V / 2VL MI D TL / IVL 9 TOM 2 F TS(
q m j m ñ l r
,
z yv u j j p y
k z z u z
: 26 z í k z j j
j j y v v js t
ʼ z kʼ i o y
z o j j j
y y z y v
k j:V M VI VIT FM M VI a 6 TM [a DI[S 7 KMq z n:F6D7r
z y j z z o (
í k o : 26 v x j
k o ʼ x k
0 z j j j j
ぎ <H8F9 … 7[% ; VRP[ H VU 5@6 HP]P[T L[b DP PL[NS EP T [ 8aPN ]T_P 8OT] [ 7[%;LbVPb ;P OP[ n o o n ぎ ―x;
y n” x< 48 y n
<H8F9 … : oだ ・
(
,P TVP b m t
== m ” =
―n
P TVP ]TN PTc [P く x t y ) * n
“ n t NSL PV L]Sb m
m ” mm m そn m:
n =. m
m ” no t m ü o
t t tü I(Jn ”
T SP[T]PO P TVP b mm
m m
mう ” ;I,Jn
m、 %- %., I- .Jn
tüo t t *%( m üo t 0% o o
o t /%0 m tmo ü m o
to üm m t t oo m t o t üm ü
o t m t to tm to t t to t
m) z/ ), x
か ”; V PbP[ P] LV%z)- yn
” ” m” う、 m
t) ” n
(0- m m m か < ]P[ L]T LV
PLR P 4RLT ] 8 TVP bx< 48yうo 、 う
I). **Jn< 48 fm
い ”か h mf m m
m mm ”
h < 48 S P LRPpTVLP% [R n
m(0/, う(0/0 う “
I*) * Jn m m< 48 うʻ ; o
” m) ( m t
ぎ I).Jn ) うm “ mせ
” m ”し ; s
n 1 k” m t ぎ
nm “
う) … < 48) P%R%I*, */J n
m m mm
うn = m< 48
う s P%R% I( . 0 (, (. )* ),
). )/ * *- */ -J n mss ― ”
”nm
m; n
m =m t t
” 5n
う m se “dm tü
I .Jn t t
)
e かd n m く
” nm[
” mう t t n
t ” ・ m“ t t
n m . m ” m
う nm m
lk う < 48 ぎ 。 k
ES [_ ) ( I,J kl え t
m” ・ m “
… お , ”I,Jn ;
m う m 。t ” m [
nか ” m
s = [ m “: n s
。m 。t tn ” 。 m=
88 tü “mう、 n
m t t
” m ü き t t え m =
t t n
=m
n m ” n< 48 う
”n
nüt
う )n s
” m t üt m
m n
A [ITm< 48
“ m お” ü う ”n< 48 ) , ” m
:n m f
m ” t ”
h m pf. m m
n “ (
h ”I* Jn) (< 48 ”I).J < 48
ぎ ” m) ”I /Jn
.” n
5P[R L O ENSP P[ ) ((I)/Jpf ) “m
” m う 。
lhns う
m s
I,J s m< 48 う [ ü=
nm<H8F9
= m sう 。 ) (, )
n s < 48” う、 ) m “
” n sう、
n う ) p L M うn
m 88m
*
88 m 88 sn 88
üt“m ” s
“m”
n : “mm
=n
” n
CM b] Mm
nn
6 TM K [M b] M zt” = n
”t = ”m ”= m =
t n
BMIK M [M b] M ・
”m
” m n[ _ UPO PTc [P
n
6 TM [a z
n” ) “ )
[ _ UPO P TVP ]TNPTc [P ” m [I /Jn
ー fRP P]TN P TVP bh m< 48nfRP P]TNh
m”ぞた ” m
n s m ”1 m t t “m ” o 。
, , gえ 「
” s”n< 48 う
FLMVP ( ) ”n
6 TM [a a M[ LMN VML Ja IM T Oa
z
� ����� ��� ������!������� 、
mm * üt
p
(% x yRP P]TN P TVP b i
m” n
)% “PN]PO RP P]TN P TVP b i
ʼ) m ”、
nES [_ ) (I,Jpf
“ P T ]L]TN P TRP P]TN
hn; V PbP[ P] LV% ぎ I)-Jm
mじ
n= m
” ー P%R%
” n*% P TVP b
U NL P i
” ”m n
m=ー ” n
n
mn
t z 0” n
������������ ������"#������m m m
7A4 m mm m m そ
: .
tI 0J n t
[ R[P T_P b NV TN P TVP bL [L OT PL P
”う m ”
( I, Jn
4TI[[ N KI V Ja [M b] M [MU T Oa [M b] M
a M KTI[[ N KI V
������� ���� ��� �������%������� ��1 ”
” = m= m
nn
m n。 t
nm 「
” tt n
” n
p
l = @ ] [x mず =m = m
= ず く= y
l 4 ] TNx :mご」
yl = 5PSL_T [LVx
”= m=
く = m m 々m
= t ty
������� ����� ���� ��� �������$����� �
、 m :n m
“ n mm ・ ・
n m=m t
“ n m v ”x t “yn
RP P[LVTcPON _ V T_P P TVP ]TN PTc [P =
n
l ・ F TN NV TNl F TNl ・ 6V TNl t @b NV TNx” 、
ず =y
N _ V T_PRP P[LVTcPO P TVP ]TN PTc [P
l い 4] TNxe O[ L]]LNU du =
/ y
9 NLV P TVP ]TN PTc [P P_ V_T R T ] RP P[LVTcPOP TVP ]TN PTc [P
:: n
= m ” =m m ・ ・
,
= n
n “ m“n
n えm
” ]( x
7P DT T P] LV% I 0J ぎ” yn
DPM [MU T O KIT LM[K V N IV M TM K
[M b] M zう k
l ” kn
API[M[ I[[ K I ML P M TM K [M b] M[
zTN] =
“ ]TN]LV う n m
m ”n mn
“ nm= m げ
こm m がm= m m = ”
= m m… n” n
A L UM“ =
m m …
nm 、
nt … t t
m 々 mm
ー = t tn ü
nn
…。 m
う ”n
4 V[K ][VM[[ V N KIT M TM K [M b] M[
z ym s n
m
” sn m= ”
m mt t m m s
n” = m
‒ n mう
n
2O MML U L N ML OT [[I a N LM[K M
M U V T Oa N K IT [MU T Oa V IKK LIVKM
P PM : 26 O] LMT VM[ JI[ML V 3T]UM M IT
G H
: 26 3T]UM M IT G H
m) ( <H8F9 ぎ”n üt : ( 0, 6<
, ”” ”
: 8MVM IT M U[
CMU T Oa
( 6 TM K [M b] M zt ”m”
= n= m ”
= tm
-
m ”t = n
) :4DEC”
n
* 6 TM [a z
n )“ )
” [ I /Jn
7 KIT M TM K [M b] M[ z
:” t
n t s mn
n mk。
I).Jn
, 8MVM IT [ML M TM K [M b] M
zk “ :
mn k
” tk t か=
“ n
.% 4 V ]T[ V vn
t m” mn
:: DM U[ LM[K J VO M TM K [M b] M
[MU T Oa z
= kn = =
n mf =
t h f = hf h m ”
fw h ”n
D V Kn
( FM [ Mm m ” 、
1 n( 5a[ V K p
= す mt L]SP] TO = ” m
… ”m n( a KT V K ILRMK M 1 a KT V][
V ]V p n p
m 2( PN m s
” 、 m mn
( 4T V Km
) *v t mn p = t
) D V K KT V K] TN SL P ・ NV TN SL P
か n ・ ・n
) 8MVM IT [ML V K KT V K
M TM K [M b] M
z f: h p、
。・ m”
n* 2 V K
tm( )
.
m m、 m ”/ n
CaVKP V ][ 2[aVKP V ][
、 ”
= %( 2] UI [U
p ” = =m m m
n= う m = =
nf = h ”
( IT UMV I aVT LNUT Rm VT
[ T RmけざNSP T Rm VTNUT Rm]PP]S R[T OT R さ LVV T R
( ( AMLITt m
n” =x=yn
( V U
( 2] Ip
f h nm P [b PTc [P n
m m =mー m 、” = n
r t t“
m t t “mx y m t t
= n m
”n ” m< 48 う f m
h”m = ”n s
n k =
mt t m
mn
( ( 2] V U Km m = m =
、 mか n = m m
m ”n
) C UI K U L N M [
) I M IT a
) EV TI M IT=m m
n) ( 96 :
。 P%R%・ n
) 8MVM IT [ML q k r= “
p =p
) ( 2[aUUM KIT= あ
” n) ( ( CaUUM KIT
.n) ( 3 La I
m m m、
) ( 2 IT、 か
) ( ( A UIT T UJm
) ( ) 5 [ IT T UJ
/
* L N M [ IVL LM[K [ N M TM K
[M b] M U VO z
ym
x m m= yn
* :VK LMVKMp
n* BMO]TI MO]TI j
x yx y n
* ( 4T][ M…
x” yn
NV ]P[ PTc [P ) )n
%(%* A KI M NIKp じ =
: m “m
m n
* ) BMIK Mx・
y 。in
[ _ UPO PTc [Pn
* ) ( BMNTM=
n m
xm y m
”x ty n=m =x= y n
5] I V
” ”= n
x y .n
C I ][ M TM K][ z“
mn
. L , m M
) n
-% CM M a
n
p m= m
m ” : n- A L UM
nm
n … m
n
. A [ KIT PMV UMV V
n. I M IT [ VO D 55dC J I I [d
APMV UMV V q u v
p
j y j j
k
. V TI M IT [ VO APMV UMV V
j j w k
<H8F9p < 48pか
@5 うm x@5D 9 C @ 4Cy … mD 9 C @m4C
;4H m ぎ”n;4H ”
ぎ ” tm ”n ― m
? ”n
<H8F9 …p; VRP[ 4 H VUn7P L[] P ]6VT TNLV ENTP NP L O EP[_TNP D bLV HP]P[T L[b6 VVPRPxG y1 S_ VU3[_N%LN% U
― <H8F9 t m üm ” o
t n
― t to t üt“ ” n st “ ” t t
t ” n so t
“ ”ET ES [_ n :> ”n― ”D bLV
HP]P[T L[b 6 VVPRP R O [P PL[NS [LN]TNP 4 ]S [T L]T A MP[ g 66EK ( )* ぎ
“ ”[P PL[NS TNPn
nうm tü n
p) (, - * m p) (, - )0B VT P p) (, / )/
1. JokinenTS,MetsähonkalaL,BergamascoL,ViitmaaR,SyrjäP,LohiH,etal.Benignfamilialjuvenileepilepsyin Lagotto Romagnolo dogs. J Vet Intern Med.2007;21(3):464–71.
2. SeppalaEH,JokinenTS,FukataM,FukataY,WebsterMT, Karlsson EK, et al. LGI2 truncation causes aremitting focal epilepsy in dogs. PLoS Genet.2011;7(7):e1002194.
3. Seppala EH, Koskinen LLE, Gulløv CH, Jokinen P,Karlskov-Mortensen P, Bergamasco L, et al.Identificationofanovel idiopathicepilepsy locus inBelgianShepherddogs.PLoSOne.2012;7(3):e33549.
4. StassenW,vanSteenbeekF,vanRhijnN,TenwoldeR,LeegwaterP.IdentificationofanovelepilepsygeneinBoerboeldogs.JVetInternMed.2013;27:30.
5. ShorvonS.Theconceptofsymptomaticepilepsyandthe complexities of assigning cause in epilepsy.EpilepsyBehav.2014;32C:1–8.
6. Kearsley-Fleet L, O’Neill DG, Volk HA, Church DB,BrodbeltDC. Prevalence and risk factors for canineepilepsy of unknown origin in the UK. Vet Rec.2013;172(13):338.
7. Heske L, Nodtvedt A, Jaderlund KH, Berendt M,EgenvallA.Acohortstudyofepilepsyamong665,000insureddogs:incidence,mortalityandsurvivalafterdiagnosis.VetJ.2014;202(3):471–6.
8. FamulaTR,OberbauerAM,BrownKN.Heritabilityofepileptic seizures in the Belgian tervueren. J SmallAnimPract.1997;38(8):349–52.
9. Jaggy A, Faissler D, Gaillard C, Srenk P, Graber H.Genetic aspects of idiopathic epilepsy in Labradorretrievers.JSmallAnimPract.1998;39(6):275–80.
10. KathmannI,JaggyA,BusatoA,BartschiM,GaillardC.Clinical and genetic investigations of idiopathicepilepsyintheBernesemountaindog.JSmallAnimPract.1999;40(7):319–25.
11. NielenAL,KnolBW,vanHagenMA,vanderGaagI.Geneticandepidemiological investigationofabirthcohort of boxers. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd.2003;128(19):586–90.
12. BerendtM,GredalH,PedersenLG,AlbanL,AlvingJ.Across-sectionalstudyofepilepsyinDanishLabradorRetrievers:prevalenceandselectedriskfactors.JVetInternMed.2002;16(3):262–8.
13. PattersonEE,MickelsonJR,DaY,RobertsMC,McVeyAS, O’Brien DP, et al. Clinical characteristics andinheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in Vizslas. J VetInternMed.2004;17(3):319–25.
14. PattersonEE,ArmstrongPJ,O’BrienDP,RobertsMC,Johnson GS, Mickelson JR. Clinical description andmodeofinheritanceofidiopathicepilepsyinEnglishspringer spaniels. J Am Vet Med Assoc.2005;226(1):54–8.
15. CasalML,MunuveRM,JanisMA,WernerP,HenthornPS. Epilepsy in IrishWolfhounds. J Vet InternMed.2006;20(1):131–5.
16. Berendt M, Gulløv CH, Christensen SLK,Gudmundsdottir H, Gredal H, Fredholm M, et al.Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in theBelgian shepherd variants Groenendael andTervueren born in Denmark 1995–2004. Acta VetScand.2008;50:51.
17. Kloene J, Sewell A, Hamann H, Distl O, Tipold A.Klinische Untersuchungen zu Krampfanfällen beiBorderTerriern.Kleintierpraxis.2008;8(1):5–12.
18. BerendtM,GulløvCH,FredholmM.FocalepilepsyintheBelgianshepherd:evidenceforsimpleMendelianinheritance.JSmallAnimPract.2009;50(12):655–61.
19. Gulløv CH, Toft N, Baadsager MMN, Berendt M.Epilepsy in the Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen:Prevalence,Semiology,andClinicalPhenotype.JVetInternMed.2011;25(6):1372–8.
20. Oberbauer A, Grossman D, Irion D, Schaffer A,EgglestonM,FamulaT.ThegeneticsofepilepsyintheBelgiantervurenandsheepdog.JHeredityVol.2003;94:57–63.
21. OberbauerAM,BelangerJM,GrossmanDI,ReganKR,Famula TR. Genomewide linkage scan for lociassociatedwith epilepsy in Belgian shepherd dogs.BMCGenet.2010;11:35.
22. Ekenstedt KJ, Oberbauer AM. Inherited Epilepsy inDogs.TopCompanionAnimMed.2013;28(2):51–8.
23. HülsmeyerV,ZimmermannR,BrauerC,Sauter-LouisC, Fischer A. Epilepsy in Border Collies: clinicalmanifestation,outcome,andmodeofinheritance.JVetInternMed.2010;24(1):171–8.
24. WeisslJ,HulsmeyerV,BrauerC,TipoldA,KoskinenLL,KyöstiläK,LohiH,Sauter-LouisC,WolfM,FischerA.Disease Progression and Treatment Response ofIdiopathicEpilepsyinAustralianShepherdDogs.JVetIntMed2012;26:116-125.
25. LichtBG,LinS,LuoY,HysonLL,LichtMH,HarperKM,etal.ClinicalcharacteristicsandmodeofinheritanceoffamilialfocalseizuresinStandardPoodles.JAmVetMedAssoc.2007;231(10):1520–8.
26. Hülsmeyer VI, Fischer A, Mandigers P, DeRisio L,BerendtM,RusbridgeC,etal.Currentevidenceforidiopathicepilepsyinpurebreddogs.BMCveterinaryresearch2015.(Inpress).
27. BergAT,BerkovicSF,BrodieMJ,BuchhalterJ,CrossJH,Van Emde BW, et al. Revised terminology andconceptsfororganizationofseizuresandepilepsies:reportoftheILAECommissiononClassificationandTerminology,2005–2009.Epilepsia.2010;51(4):676–85.
28. BergAT,SchefferIE.Newconceptsinclassificationoftheepilepsies: Entering the21st century. Epilepsia.2011;52(6):1058–62.
29. Shorvon SD. The etiologic classification of epilepsy.Epilepsia.2011;52(6):1052–7.
30. FisherRS,VanEmdeBW,BlumeW,ElgerC,GentonP,Lee P, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy:definitions proposed by the International League
AgainstEpilepsy(ILAE)andtheInternationalBureauforEpilepsy(IBE).Epilepsia.2005;46(4):470–2.
31. Proposal for revised clinical andelectroencephalographic classification of epilepticseizures.FromtheCommissiononClassificationandTerminology of the International League AgainstEpilepsy.Epilepsia1981.22(4):489–501.
32. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies andepileptic syndromes. Commission on ClassificationandTerminologyoftheInternationalLeagueAgainstEpilepsy.Epilepsia1989.30(4):389–399.
33. Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy.Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis,InternationalLeagueAgainstEpilepsy.Epilepsia1993.34(4):592–596.
34. Proposalforclassificationofepilepsiesandepilepticsyndromes. Commission on Classification andTerminology of the International League AgainstEpilepsy.Epilepsia1985.26(3):268–278.
35. Berendt M, Gram L. Epilepsy and seizureclassification in63dogs:a reappraisalofveterinaryepilepsy terminology. J Vet Intern Med.1999;13(1):14–20.
36. PodellM:Seizures.In:BSAVAManualofCanineandFeline Neurology. edn. Edited by Platt S, Olby N.BSAVA;2013.117–135.
37. MarianiCL.TerminologyandClassificationofSeizuresandEpilepsy inVeterinaryPatients.TopCompanionAnimMed.2013;28(2):34–41.
38. LichtBG,LichtMH,HarperKM,LinS,CurtinJJ,HysonLL,etal.Clinicalpresentationsofnaturallyoccurringcanineseizures:similaritiestohumanseizures.EpilepsyBehav.2002;3(5):460–70.
39. SrenkP, JaggyA. Interictal electroencephalographicfindings in a family of golden retrievers withidiopathic epilepsy. J Small Anim Pract.1996;37(7):317–21.
40. Podell M, Fenner WR, Powers JD. Seizureclassification in dogs from a nonreferral-basedpopulation. J Am Vet Med Assoc.1995;206(11):1721–8.
41. Heynold Y, Faissler D, Steffen F, Jaggy A. Clinical,epidemiological and treatment results of idiopathicepilepsyin54labradorretrievers:alongtermstudy.JSmallAnimPract.1997;38(1):7–14.
42. Jaggy A, Bernardini M. Idiopathic epilepsy in 125dogs: a long-term study. Clinical andelectroencephalographicfindings.JSmallAnimPract.1998;39(1):23–9.
43. MoritaT,ShimadaA,TakeuchiT,HikasaY,SawadaM,Ohiwa S, et al. Cliniconeuropathologic findings offamilialfrontallobeepilepsyinShetlandsheepdogs.CanJVetRes.2002;66(1):35–41.
44. ChangY,MellorDJ,AndersonTJ. Idiopathicepilepsyindogs:owners’perspectivesonmanagementwithphenobarbitoneand/orpotassiumbromide. JSmallAnimPract.2006;47(10):574–81.
(
45. VolkHA,MatiasekLA,LujánFeliu-PascualA,PlattSR,Chandler KE. The efficacy and tolerability oflevetiracetam in pharmacoresistant epileptic dogs.VetJ.2008;176(3):310–9.
46. Pákozdy A, LeschnikM, Tichy AG, Thalhammer JG.Retrospectiveclinicalcomparisonofidiopathicversussymptomaticepilepsyin240dogswithseizures.ActaVetHung.2008;56(4):471–83.
47. BeghiE.Newclassificationproposalsforepilepsy:arealadvancementinthenosographyofthedisease?Epilepsia.2011;52(6):1197–8.discussion1205–1199.
48. Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A,Cross JH, Elger CE, et al. ILAE Official Report: Apractical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia.2014;55(4):475–82.
49. DeRisioL,BhattiS,MuñanaKR,PenderisJ,SteinVM,TipoldA,etal.InternationalVeterinaryEpilepsyTaskForce Consensus Proposal: Diagnostic approach toepilepsyindogs.BMCveterinaryresearch2015.
50. LohiH,YoungEJ,FitzmauriceSN,RusbridgeC,ChanEM, Vervoort M, et al. Expanded repeat in canineepilepsy.Science.2005;307(5706):81.
51. Blume WT, Lüders HO, Mizrahi E, Tassinari C, vanEmde BW, Engel J. Glossary of descriptiveterminology for ictal semiology: report of the ILAEtaskforceonclassificationandterminology.Epilepsia.2001;42(9):1212–8.
Table1 � ������������������
a p E E A E I E : EE I 9 E 9 E9 E l i E9 E p a
E :
] ]
9
[ E 9 AE I
8 9 ]
]
[
2
9 L [ S ]
I8 9 ]
]
]
] 2
[ E 9 A a L S
]B 9
2 [ ]
]
2 2 2
9
2 2
2
2
2 ]
2
]
]
2
2
2
2
]
2
2
]
2
2
]
2
2
]
1 5 2
2 ]
[
Table2 ��������
12 0 eIe I E 07564785 ) ( .* * *,) eIe eIe 12 0s ) - A : 9 L 9 E 7 ( A
0 2 * 0110
1 2
]
1 ]
] [
1
]
2 ]
[ 5
2 ]
] ] 1
1[
0
] 1 [
5 ]
[
5 0
2 2 2 ]
] [ 0 ]
2
] 5
2
]
2
] 2
2
a
]
2 2
]
2 2 2
]
[0 0
2
1 [
0 [
5
1[
5
2 2
[
] 5
1 5 2
]
2 ]
2 2 ]
]
] ]
2 2 2
2
1 5
[ ]