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TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT MANUAL

HOSE PRACTICES

301.3 FIRE HOSE

EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 2008

Revised 04/03/14 Section 301.3Page 1 of 26

The Department utilizes a wide variety of fire hose, ranging in size from 1-inchforestry and reel lines to 6-inch hard and soft suction hoses. All hose up tothree inches in diameter can be equipped with a nozzle and can be deployed as ahand line. Hose over three inches in diameter carries so much water and/orgenerates so much force that it cannot be manually held. Hose over three inches indiameter is described as large-diameter hose (LDH).

The most common hose lines used by the Department are pre-connected attacklines. These include 1-inch reel lines, 1-1/2-inch hotlines, and 1-3/4-inch pre-

connects. They are easy to deploy and assist in achieving a quick attack on fires ofsmall to moderate size.

The 2-1/2-inch hose line has a variety of uses, including being used as a hand-heldattack line, as a supply line for various appliances, or as a supply line for a fireengine.

The 5-inch LDH is used as the primary supply line (feeder) for Department engineand truck companies and to supply master stream and auxiliary appliances.

Hard-suction lines and pre-connected soft-suction lines come in 4-1/2-inch and

6-inch diameters and are used to supply water to pumping apparatus. Hard-suctionlines are used primarily for drafting purposes.

Department hose is assigned to each station and is identified by stamped numberson each coupling. In addition, the identifying numbers may also be inscribed inpermanent ink on each end of the hose, next to the couplings (Figure 1).

Figure 1

A record of hose carried on individual apparatus can be found in the Hose and TarpInventory section of the Apparatus Information Book carried on each apparatus.

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Although engine and truck companies carry fire hose for suppression efforts, it is theengine primary responsibility to carry water, hose, and firefighters to the fire anddeploy them in a rapid manner to extinguish the blaze.

Engine Companies

Engines are configured to carry a wide variety of hose and nozzles for suppressionefforts. The following is a general guide as to the location and types of hosescarried on engine companies:

1. Jump Lines: Used primarily for a quick attack on small fires, grass fires,or engine protection; jump lines are not found on all engine companies.Jump lines usually consist of 100 feet of pre-connected 1-inch or 1-1/2-inch forestry hose located in wells in the front bumper (Figure 2) or in therunning boards on the side of the engines (Figure 3).

Figure 2 Figure 3

2. Reel Lines: Each engine company carries one or two pre-connected reelsof 1-inch, non-collapsible hose, 200 feet in length, referred to as reel orred lines. Most reel lines are located on top of the engine, above thepump panel (Figure 4), while others are located in a compartment at therear of the apparatus (Figure 5).

Figure 4 Figure 5

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3. Cross-Lays: Cross-lays are pre-connected hand lines located in bedsabove the pump panel (Figure 6). They are the primary attack line usedon most fires. Each engine company carries two 200-foot lines of 1-1/2-inch hose, commonly referred to as hotlines in this location. In addition,some engine companies also carry one 200-foot line of 1-3/4-inch hose

known as a pre-connect and/or one bed of 100 feet of 1-inch forestryhose.

Figure 6

4. Hose Bed: The hose bed is located on top of the fire engine, behind thepump, above the water tank. It has a hinged cover and is the primarylocation where static hose (non pre-connected hose) is carried within theDepartment (Figure 7). In addition to the static hose, some hose bedscarry a single 200-foot long 1-3/4-inch pre-connect line and othermiscellaneous equipment. The hose bed is capable of carrying largeamounts of hose and is divided into many compartments. When referringto hose-bed locations, the front of the hose bed is the portion closest to

the front of the apparatus, and the rear of the hose bed is the portionclosest to the rear of the apparatus.

Figure 7

All hose carried in the hose bed is accessed from the rear of the bed.The standard hose-bed compartment set up is as follows:

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a. Two beds of 2-1/2-inch static hose. Line No. 1 is located on the farleft side of the hose bed, and Line No. 2 is located on the far rightside. Line No. 1 consists of 500 feet of 2-1/2-inch static hose, witha pre-connected 100-foot 1-3/4-inch hose bundle attached with agated wye. Line No. 2 consists of 500 feet of 2-1/2-inch static hose

with two 18-inch loops for easy deployment. Each compliment of2-1/2-inch hose is made up of ten 50-foot sections coupledtogether. Due to size limitations, some apparatus only carry300 feet of hose in each compartment. The apparatus that onlycarry 300 feet of hose may have the pre-connected hose bundleloaded in a different fashion.

b. One thousand feet of 5-inch LDH carried in one or twocompartments (referred to as split loads), located in the middle ofthe hose bed. Each section of LDH is 100 feet long, is equippedwith 4-1/2-inch National Standard Thread (NST) couplings, and is

loaded so that the female coupling deploys first.

c. One 200-foot bed of 1-3/4-inch pre-connected hose carried on theapparatus that do not have the 1-3/4-inch hose located in a cross-lay position.

5. Hard Suction: Each engine carries two 10-foot sections of 4-1/2-inch or6-inch hard-suction hose for drafting purposes. The 4-1/2-inchhard-suction hose has a rubber lining and layers of fabric reinforced witha spiral wire (helix of metal) set in rubber between the reinforcementlayers to prevent collapse of the hose when drafting water.

6. Additional Hose: Each engine also carries the following hose stored ineither side compartments, on the side of the apparatus, or in hose wells:

One 50-foot roll of 5-inch LDH.

One 50-foot roll of 2-1/2-inch hose.

Two 100-foot long 1-3/4-inch hose bundles (two 50-footsections each).

One 10-foot section of 2-1/2-inch hose with female couplingsat both ends for flushing hydrant gate valves and for refilling

the engines water tank from a hydrant.

In addition to the above-mentioned hose, some engines also have a15-foot LDH pre-connected soft-suction line connected to the front of theapparatus for supplying the pump. Some apparatus also have one or two25-foot lengths of 5-inch LDH.

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Truck Companies

Some trucks, known as quints, are equipped with pumps, water, and hose.Typically, quints will carry a small amount of 5-inch LDH for supply and have mid-ship mounted 1-1/2-inch hotlines and one 1-3/4-inch pre-connect. These cross-lays

are identical in nature to the ones carried on engine companies.

All trucks, with or without pumps, also carry four 50-foot long 1-3/4-inch hosebundles (coupled together for a total of 100 feet of working line each) and one10-foot section of 2-1/2-inch hose with standard male and female couplings. This10-foot hose is primarily used for supplying the Bresnan distributor nozzle.

Fire Hose Maintenance

To be reliable, fire hose must be properly maintained. Burst hose at a fire maycause serious injury to firefighters and other persons, and may mean a loss of time

in bringing a fire under control.

The principal sources of damage to hose are mechanical, excessive heat, mildewand molds, acid, and gasoline and oils. Tears, snags, and abrasions from dragginghose over rough surfaces account for much of the damage that occurs to fire hose.

All fire hose shall be tested and changed annually on Saturdays during the monthsof April/May. Refer to the Training and Equipment Manual, Section 301.10, fordetailed information on this procedure.

Note: Contact Station No. 14 for correct inventory.

An accurate numerical record of the hose load carried on individual apparatus shallbe maintained in the Apparatus Information Book on the apparatus. Any time hoseis changed or rearranged in the load, proper entries shall be made in the ApparatusInformation Book indicating the current load of hose and the date of change.

Before hose changes, replacement hose shall be properly prepared and couplingsexamined. Changes shall be made with as much speed as is consistent with safety.It is not necessary to go out of service for routine hose changes. Changes shall bemade in one hose compartment at a time.

Hose carried on apparatus shall be securely coupled and orderly in arrangement.Unless unavoidable, hose shall not be allowed to remain on apparatus in a damp ordirty condition in excess of 24 hours.

Special care should be exercised to see that fitted gaskets are in hose, anddeteriorated gaskets replaced.

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Dirty hose will be washed with cold water only. No other cleaning agent should beused for this purpose. Hose jackets badly contaminated with oil, tar, or other foreignmaterial will be sent to Station No. 14. Hose sent to Fire Station No. 14 for repairsor replacement must be cleaned, dried, and rolled with the male coupling inside.

Note: No attempt will be made by members in quarters to repair damagedthreads or swivels on hose. The use of oil on threads and swivels ofhose is prohibited. Repairs will be done at Station No. 14, whereproper tools are available.

Any hose used to discharge foam solutions shall be flushed with clean water aftereach use.

After being dried, all hose will be rolled and placed on hose racks ready forimmediate loading on apparatus.

As a protective measure, hose will be carried, not dragged, from one point toanother whenever possible.

A computer record of pertinent information relative to each individual section of hosemust be maintained in the station and updated as needed.

Draining Hose

Hose should be drained prior to rolling or loading. The hose should be uncoupledbefore draining.

Instructions

1. Lay the hose out flat.

2. Grasp the hose at either coupling and lift it over the shoulder.

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3. Walk slowly toward the other end of the hose while feeding the hose overthe shoulder (Figure 8).

Figure 8

Rolling Hose

All hose must be rolled prior to storage or transport. There are numerous methodsfor rolling hose. The Department utilizes five methods when rolling hose: straightroll, reverse straight roll, donut roll, wildland donut roll, and the hanging roll.

Instructions (Straight Roll)

The straight roll is the most common method of rolling hose. The straight roll is usedwhen rolling hose after a fire, when preparing for drying in hose dryers, and whentransporting hose for repairs (with the exception of the 5-inch LDH.)

1. Drain the hose.


3. Face the hose and grasp the male coupling with both hands.

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4. Roll the hose by bending the male coupling forward (Figure 9).

Figure 9

5. Complete the roll by walking forward and continually rolling the hose untila completed roll is formed (Figure 10).

Figure 10

6. If the edges of the roll are uneven, lay it on its side and press the edgeseven by stepping on the hose roll.

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Instructions (Reverse Straight Roll)

The 5-inch LDH 100-foot lengths of hose are stored in reverse straight rolls. Thefemale coupling is rolled on the inside of the hose roll and the male coupling is onthe outside. This facilitates reloading the hose on the apparatus (Figure 11).

The procedure for rolling the reverse straight roll is identical to the straight roll,except it begins with the female coupling.

Figure 11

Instructions (Donut Roll)

The donut roll is used for rolling lengths of LDH and 2-1/2-inch hose from 25 to50 feet long. This method allows rapid deployment while retaining both couplings,and is used primarily for hose carried in side compartments of engines for supplyingwater to the apparatus.

1. Drain the hose.


3. Fold the hose by placing the male coupling on top of the hoseapproximately 2-1/2 feet from the female coupling (Figure12).

Figure 12

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4. Roll the folded end of the hose towards the couplings (Figure 13).

Figure 13

5. Complete the roll by walking forward while snugly forming the balance ofthe hose roll. A second firefighter should be used to apply tension to the

top layer of hose (Figure 14). Pulling slightly on the hose will keep the toplayer in line with the bottom layer and allow the hose to be rolled withoutcrimping.

Figure 14

6. When the donut roll is completed, the hose can be unrolled with bothcouplings available for immediate use (Figure 15).

Figure 15

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Instructions (Wildland Donut Roll)

This roll is used exclusively for rolling wildland firefighting hose and requires the useof a specialized hose roller.

Hose Roller

The single jacket hose roller consists of a stand attachment, hose roller, metal hoseremoval sleeve, and a 1-inch cap (Figure 16).

(Figure 16)

Currently, strike team engines, brush rigs, patrols, and the OES have hose rollingcapabilities (Figure 17).

(Figure 17)

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Instructions (Installing the Hose Roller)

Place stand into receiver (Figure 18).

(Figure 18)

Remove 1-inch cap and place hose roller onto stand (Figure 19). Replace 1-inchcap to secure hose roller (Figure 20).

(Figure 19) (Figure 20)

Slide metal sleeve onto hose roller and ensure it is flush with the base of the hoseroller (Figures 21 and 22).


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Rolling Forestry Hose

Instructions

1. Lay hose out flat, straight, and fully extended. Place the couplings away from

the hose roller. This will leave a bend in the hose at the hose roller.

2. Place the female coupling on bottom of the two hose layers, approximately 36inches from the in-line T and/or male coupling. Layers of hose should beover-lapped smoothly, aligned, and without kinks (Figure 23).

(Figure 23)

3. Once the hose is set up, slide the fold of the hose onto the pin of the hoseroller (Figure 24).

(Figure 24)

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4. Take positions: One person at the hose roller facing the turn handle andanother person in front of the hose roller. The person facing the handle willturn the handle in the direction indicated on the hose roller. The other willguide the hose hand-over-hand, keeping outer edges even. Remove slackand keep hose straight during rolling. Ensure hose is rolled tight (Figures 25

and 26).


5. Complete wildland donut roll. Wrap female end of hose around the roll,securing the in-line T and/or male coupling. Secure rolled hose with rubberband or other restraining device. Pull metal hose sleeve off the hose rollerand remove sleeve from hose. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for additional hoserolls (Figures 27 and 28).


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Loading Hose Packs (1-1/2-Inch Wildland)

1. Layout empty hose pack shoulder straps down and hose pack straps up(Figure 29).

2. Place 1-1/2-inch x 100-foot hose roll (in-line T attached to male coupling) in hosepack and connect inside straps, tightening securely (Figure 30). Failure toproperly tighten straps can result in hose falling from pack.


3. Place the 1-1/2-inch x 100-foot hose roll (in-line T attached to male coupling) inhose pack and connect outermost straps, tightening securely (Figure 31).

(Figure 31)

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Loading Hose Packs (1-Inch Wildland)

1. Layout empty hose pack shoulder straps down and hose pack straps up(Figure 32).

2. Place 1-inch x 100-foot hose roll with nozzle in hose pack and connect insidestraps, tightening securely (Figure 33). Failure to properly tighten straps canresult in hose falling from pack.


3. Place the 1-inch x 100-foot hose roll with nozzle in hose pack and connectoutermost straps, tightening securely (Figure 34).

(Figure 34)

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Loading Hose Packs (Wolfpack)

The Department will be transitioning to an alternate style of hose pack. By design,the Wolfpack more securely fastens the hose within the strap system. This reducesthe likelihood of the hose self-deploying while wearing the pack. It also comes with

a zippered pocket that can be used to store additional supplies or hardware.

1. Layout empty hose pack, shoulder straps down, and hose pack straps up(Figure 35).

2. Place 1-1/2-inch x 100-foot hose roll (in-line T attached to male coupling) inhose pack and connect inside straps, tightening securely (Figure 36). Failureto properly tighten straps can result in hose falling from pack.


3. Place the 1-1/2-inch x 100-foot hose roll (in-line T attached to male coupling)in hose pack and connect outermost straps, tightening securely (Figure 37).

(Figure 37)

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Note: 1-inch x 100-foot hose rolls shall be loaded into the Wolfpack in thesame manner as listed above.

Hanging Roll

This roll is used to prepare recently washed or wet hose for hanging in the hosetower. It is basically a reverse donut roll. When the roll is finished, the couplings willbe in the center of the roll and a fold in the hose will be presented. This fold caneasily be hoisted up into the hose tower for drying (Figure 29).

Figure 29

Instructions

1. Drain the hose.


3. Fold the hose on top of itself, male coupling on top, with male couplingslightly behind female coupling with both couplings right next to each other(Figure 30).

Figure 30

4. Starting at the couplings, begin rolling the hose toward the fold.

5. Complete the roll by walking forward while snugly forming the balance ofthe hose roll. A second firefighter should be used to apply tension to thetop layer of hose by pulling slightly on the hose. This will keep the top

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The coupling is attached to the hose by means of an expansion ring made from thesame material as the coupling. The inside surface of the coupling is corrugated toincrease the friction of the hose on the coupling. The hose is pressed into thecorrugation of the coupling and held there by the expanded ring.

To assist in coupling, the first section of thread is machined to allow for easyalignment. This section is called a Higbee cut. The lugs have a small notch thatindicates where the cut is. This is a Higbee notch.

Care should be used when handling couplings to avoid damage. Droppingcouplings on hard surfaces can cause damage. Hose can be coupled anduncoupled by one or two firefighters. Couplings must be tightened securely toprevent water from leaking. Hand tight is usually sufficient.

Most types of hose couplings in use by the Department have rocker lugs to assist

with coupling and uncoupling the hose. Hard- and soft-suction hoses havecouplings with extended lugs (Figure 33), while redlines have recessed lugs (Figure34).

Figure 33 Figure 34

Nozzles should be checked for gaskets and proper operation prior to coupling to firehose.

The following instructions describe procedures for coupling and uncoupling fire hoseand connecting nozzles to fire hose.

Instructions (One Firefighter)

1. Coupling hose

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a. Place a foot on the hose next to the male coupling (Figure 35).

Figure 35

b. Grasp the female coupling and place it against the male coupling.

c. Turn the female swivel counterclockwise until the threads align,

then turn the swivel clockwise until the coupling is tight.

2. Uncoupling Hose

a. Place a foot on the hose next to the male coupling.

b. Turn the female swivel counterclockwise until the coupling isdisconnected (Figure 36).

Figure 36

3. Connecting a Nozzle

a. Place a foot on the hose next to the male coupling.

b. With both hands, place the nozzle against the male coupling.

c. Turn the nozzle counterclockwise until the threads align, then turnthe nozzle clockwise until it is tight. Close the nozzle control.

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Instructions (Two Firefighters)

1. Coupling Hose

a. First firefighter: Grasp the male coupling with both hands and hold

it waist high.

b. Second firefighter: Grasp the female coupling with both hands andplace it against the male coupling (Figure 37).

Figure 37

c. Turn the female swivel counterclockwise until the threads align,then turn the swivel clockwise until the coupling is tight.

2. Uncoupling Hose

a. First firefighter: Grasp the male coupling with both hands and holdit waist high.

b. Second firefighter: Grasp the female coupling and turn the femaleswivel counterclockwise until the hose is uncoupled.

3. Connecting a Nozzle


b. Second firefighter: Grasp the nozzle with both hands and place itagainst the male coupling.

c. Turn the nozzle counterclockwise until the threads align, then turnthe nozzle clockwise until the nozzle is tight. Close the bail.

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4. Disconnecting a Nozzle


b. Second firefighter: Grasp the nozzle with both hands and turn itcounterclockwise.

Hose Clamps

Hose clamps are used to stop the flow of water through fire hose. Hose clamps maybe used to drain and reposition hand lines, to uncouple and drain hose, to replacebroken lengths of hose, and to control the flow of water when a reverse lay is used.The hose clamp is equipped with a latching device. This latching device secures thehose clamp over the hose. When the latching device is released, the hose can be

placed in the hose clamp.

Note: Forestry hose clamps will not be discussed in this section.

A handle on top of the hose clamp enables the hose clamp to be tightened againstthe hose.

Each engine is equipped with two sizes of hose clamps, one designed for 1-1/2- to2-1/2-inch hose and the other for large-diameter hose (Figure 38).

Figure 38

Hose clamps are stored with the clamp open enough for a dry hose line to fit in theclamp when the hose clamp is latched.

Instructions

1. Release the latching device.

2. Place the hose in the hose clamp approximately eight to ten inches fromthe coupling on the side of the coupling from which the water is flowing.Be careful to center the hose in the clamp so the hose is not pinched.

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3. Close the latching device.

4. Place both feet on the base of the hose clamp and turn the hose clamphandle clockwise to tighten the clamp on the hose (Figure 39).

Figure 39

Make sure handle is 90 degrees (perpendicular) to hose to protect latchfrom being opened if clamp turns over as hose fills.

5. To release the hose clamp, place both feet on the base of the hose clampand turn the handle counterclockwise. If the hose is under pressure, thismay prove difficult.

CAUTION: Hose clamps secured to charged hose lines will reactviolently when opened if the water pressure has notbeen equalized by raising the clamp prior to opening

the latching device.

6. Release the latching device and remove the hose clamp.

Carrying Hose

Fire hose should be carried to protect it from being damaged by sharp objects orrough surfaces.

Fire hose may be carried over the shoulder, in single lengths or coupled together.

On average, one firefighter can carry one 50-foot length of 2-1/2-inch hose. Whenthere is a need to carry more than one length of coupled hose, additional firefightersshould be used.

Instructions for Carrying 2-1/2-Inch Coupled Hose

1. Grasp the coupling and nozzle, if needed, and move away from the hosecompartment until 50 feet of 2-1/2-inch hose has been removed.

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2. Face the hose compartment and place the coupling over the left shoulder,even with the hip (Figure 40).

Figure 40

3. Step forward and fold the hose over the left shoulder. Fold the hose at theknee (Figure 41).

Figure 41

4. Continue folding the hose over the left shoulder until approximately35 feet of hose is on the shoulder.

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5. If more hose is needed, successive firefighters will grasp the nextcouplings and move away from the hose compartment until the next50 feet of hose have been removed (Figure 42).

Figure 42

6. Fold hose so that approximately 35 feet of hose is on the left shoulder withthe coupling at the hip.

7. Continue this process until the desired amount of hose is folded on eachfirefighters shoulder. All firefighters turn to the right and carry the hose in

the desired direction.

301.003

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