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Geothermics lab., Kyushu University

Environmental impact assessment report

of geothermal energy development

Hossein Yousefi and Sachio Ehara

Ne !ealand Geothermal "or#shop

and N!G$ Seminar %&&'

Yousefi(#yudai.)p

Ne !ealand *+aupo - Nov.

%&&'

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/resentation overvie

E0$ 1

E0$ in 2apan

Geothermal energy

Environmental impacts of geothermal energy

E0$ report in geothermal pro)ects

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problems 1

Geothermal energy development is still a ne technology in themost of the countries

+here are not enough #noledge about the environmentaimpacts of geothermal energy particularly in the developing

countries and as a result3

* 0t is not included in the E0$ la

*4r done too e5tensive

+here is no standard method for E0$ in geothermal fields

6epend on the field, there is a large variety of impacts

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E0$1

6efinition 3$ process of identifying, predicting, evaluating andmitigating the environmental impacts prior to development and

using the conclusions as a tool in decision*ma#ing

purposes :$n aid to decision*ma#ing

Sustainable development

0ncrease efficiency 7aise aareness of environmental issue

* 4ften results in an E0$ report

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E0$ in the orld

+he environmental assessment process has been defineddifferently in different countries. 0n fact, it appears that noto countries have defined it in e5actly the same ay.

+he United States as the first country to legislate for E0$ in

898. 0t is interesting to note that the /hilippines has re:uiredE0$s for certain pro)ects since 8;;.

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US$

El Salvador

0celand

+ur#ey

Kenya

0ndonesia

/hilippines

New Zealand

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State of geothermal energy and start for E0$

in the orld @%&&A

Source 3 Baba, %&&

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E0$ in 2apan

8;%3 first introduced

8'>3 a standard rule as set up

883 enacted in the basic environmental la

88;3 the E0$ la as enacted

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E0$ la in 2apan

+he E0$ Ca in 2apan as formulated from the idea that E0$ is

very important for preventing environmental degradation andpromoting a sustainable society and developments.

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E0$ of geothermal utiliDation in 2apan

+here are about %&& uaternary volcanoes in 2apanincluding ' active ones - >F and &F of those in the orld,

respectively - in the narro territory of only &.%;F of the

land area of the orld. +herefore, 2apan is blessed ith

e5tensive geothermal resources including hot springs.

/oer plant construction, e5cept in case of less than & =",is sub)ected to a revie in accordance ith the Electric

/oer 6evelopment Ca, and appropriate geothermal

organiDations, together ith an assessment ofenvironmental impact.

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"ith a capacity in e5cess of & ="e, hole

procedure of E0$ should be carried out.

E0$ of geothermal poer plants in 2apan

7eport includes results of measurements, a

prediction of its li#ely influence, and a mitigation

plan based on the guidelines for geothermal

poer plant construction *published in 88%*should be submitted to the =inistry of

0nternational +rade and 0ndustry.

plant operators need to follo not only the

regulations regarding the Electric Utility Ca,

but also the regulations related to the

environmental las

Total : 547MWe

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Geothermal energy

$ clean, technically*proven, cost effectiveand environmentally benign energy source

Knon in over 8& and used in ; countries

Electricity generation in %> countries@& G"eA

6irect heating use in ;% countries@9& G"thA

But still, has some environmental aspects

Source: IGA website

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Environmental impacts from geothermal developments

Global environmental impacts

Cocal environmental impacts36espite the many positive impacts on local environment from

geothermal developments but its negative impacts can besignificant sometimes, especially ith regard to air and ater

pollution hich is #non chemical impacts.

4nly

positive impacts

Greenhouse

gases

Global

arming

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Global environmental impacts

Source: rmannsson, IGC, 2003

=easurements sho a verysmall amount of

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$ir pollution

"ater pollution

Cocal environmental impacts

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$ir pollution Geothermal plants avoid environmental impacts associated ith burning fuels asell as those associated ith transporting.

Geothermal plants emit only trace amounts of nitrogen o5ides, almost no sulfurdio5ide or particulate matter, and small amounts of carbon dio5ide.

+he primary pollutant from most geothermal plants is hydrogen sulfide, hich isnaturally present in many subsurface geothermal reservoirs.

No5

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"ater pollution

Geothermal fluid discharge may have some impacts on local and regional aters

such as rivers, la#es and groundater. +he ater phase in some fields sometimecontains to5ic ingredients such as boron, arsenic, heavy metals, ammonia and

mercury, hich, if discharged into courses, could contaminate donstream aters

used for farming, fisheries or human ater supplies .

"e have to #no that the most ater impacts occur during construction and are

only temporary and 7ein)ectionand careful monitoring of the condition of holdingponds and ell casing is very effective tool to avoid of ater pollution.

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E0$ study plan for Sabalan geothermal poer plant

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