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指導老師指導老師 :: 陳翠萍陳翠萍

• Morphine- 嗎啡• Potent- 有效力的 , 有效能的 ( 藥等 )

powerful, strong, forceful, mighty• Opiate- 鴉片劑 麻醉藥 ; 鎮靜劑• Field-( 知識 ) 領域 ; 專業 ; ( 活動 ) 範疇

land, space, region, tract• Relieve- 緩和 , 減輕 ; 解除 to relax; to

ease up; to mitigate• Naturally- 天生地 天然地 自然地字構 :nat 出生 + ur 狀態 + al.... 的 + ly

以 ... 方式

• Occur- 出現 ; 存在 to exist字構 :oc 向 + cur 跑• Poppy- 罌粟• Synthetically- 綜合地• Manufacture-( 大量 ) 製造 to make字構 :Manu 手 +fact 做 +ure 行為 , 結果• Perceives- 察覺 ; 感知 to feel; to

perceive字構 :Per 完全 +ceiv 拿取 +e(v)

• Reducing- 減低 to reduce; to lower• Experience- 經驗 , 體驗 to undergo an

experience to experience firsthand• Severe- 嚴重的 ; 劇烈的 ; 凜冽的

serious• Significant- 顯著的 ; 有效的 noticeable

noteworthy字構 :Sign 標記 , 指明 +i+fic 做 ant 有 ......

作用的• Risk- 危險 , 風險 risks; danger;

hazards

• Addiction- 沈溺 ; 成癮 ; 上癮 ; 入迷 to be addicted to; to habituate

• Certain- 某種 ( 或一定 ) 程度的• Injury-( 對人 , 動物的 ) 傷害 ; ( 對健康的 ) 損

害 to damage; to harm• Adimimstered- 給予 , 提供 to provide; to

supply• Continuously- 連續不斷地 , 接連地• Relief- 緩和 , 減輕 ; 解除 to relax; to ease

up; to mitigate• Chronic-( 病 ) 慢性的 ; ( 人 ) 久病的字構 :Chron 時間 +ic 屬於 ..... 的

Main ideas of the first Main ideas of the first paragraphparagraph

• Morphine is very potent drug known as an opiate that is used in the field of medicine to relieve pain.

• Morphine can be taken as needed for certain types of pain, such as a bad injury, and it can also be administered continuously for relief of chronic pain such as that experienced by cancer patients.

• Pharmacist- 製藥者 ; 藥劑師 ; 藥商• Isolated- 使孤立 ; 使脫離 to depart from;

to break away• Hallucinogen- 迷幻劑• Reliever- 緩和 , 減輕 ; 解除 to relax; to

ease up; to mitigate• Produces- 引起 , 產生 ; 招致 to produce;

to bring; to result字構 :Pro 向前 +duc 引導 +e(v.n)• Euphoric- 心情愉快的 ; 心滿意足的

• Friedrich Wilhelm Adam serturner was the German pharmacist who first isolated morphine.

• Morphine also produces a euphoric mental state and relieves anxiety.

Main ideas of the Main ideas of the second paragraphsecond paragraph

• As such- 就其本身而論• Suffer- 遭受 ; 經歷 to undergo; to

experience; to come through字構 :Suf 在底下 +fer 攜帶• Chronic-( 病 ) 慢性的 ; ( 人 ) 久病的字構 :Chron 時間 +ic 屬於 ..... 的• Advent- 出現 ; 到來 to appear; to

emerge字構 :Ad 靠近 +vent 來

Third paragraph-Third paragraph-words of phraseswords of phrases

• Heroin- 海洛因• Derivative- 引出的• Commonly- 通常地 , 一般地 generically

universally• Abused- 濫用 , 妄用 to misuse; to

misapply字構 :Ab 壞 , 差 +us 用 , 使用 +e(v.n)• Potent- 有效力的 , 有效能的 ( 藥等 )

powerful, strong, forceful, mighty• Replaced- 取代 to replace; to substitute

for; to supersede字構 :Re 再 , 回 +plac 放置 +plac+e(v)

• Addicts- 入迷的人 ; 有癮的人• Substitute- 代替人 ; 代替物 ; 代用品 an

ersatz; a substitution; a makeshift字構 :Sub 下一個 +stitut 站立 +e(n.v)• Interestingly- 有趣地 funnily • Treat- 探討 ; 論述 to confer; to probe

into• Opium- 鴉片• Addiction- 沈溺 ; 成癮 ; 上癮 ; 入迷 to be

addicted to; to habituate• Alcohoism- 酗酒 酒精中毒 to drink to

excess; to be inflicted with alcoholism• Addictive- 使成癮的 ; 上癮的 hard drug

habit-forming

• Before the advent of heroin, morphine was commonly abused. But because heroin is more potent and faster acting, it replaced.

• Morphine was used early on to treat opium addiction, and even alcoholism, until it was realized that it was more addictive than both of those drugs.

Main ideas of the Main ideas of the third paragraphthird paragraph

• Exercise- 運用 , 行使 to make use of; to draw on sth.; to perform

• Caution- 小心 , 謹慎 careful; cautious• Prescribing- 開 ( 藥方 ), 為 ... 開 ( 藥方 ); 囑咐字構 :Pre 先 前 +scrib 寫 +e(v)• Alleviate- 減輕 ; 緩和 to lighten; to mitigate• Dying- 垂死的 ; 行將結束的 ; 快熄滅的

moribund• Concern- 關心的事 , 重要的事字構 :Con 徹底 +cern 區分

Fourth Paragraph--Fourth Paragraph--words and phraseswords and phrases

• Analgesic- 止痛劑• Severe- 嚴重的 ; 劇烈的 ; 凜冽的

serious• Precautions- 預防措施 precautionary

measures• Doses- 吸收劑量• Frequency- 頻率 , 次數• Closely- 嚴密地 , 仔細地 strictly字構 :Clos 關閉 +e(adj)+ly 以 ... 方式• Monitored- 監控 ; 監聽 ; 監測 ; 監視

to monitor

• Withdrawal-退縮 ; 退隱 停止吸毒• Symptoms-症狀 , 徵候 a symptom; a

condition• Indicators- 指標 an index; a norm; a targ字構 :In 向 +dic 說 ,宣告 +ators 人 , 物• Tolerance-忍耐 , 忍耐力 to bear; to

endure• Occurs- 出現 ; 存在 to exist• Achieve-達到 to achieve an objective字構 :A 向 +chiev 頭 +e(v)• Includes-包括 , 包含 to include; to

contain; to cover字構 :In 在內+clud 關閉 +e(v)

• Morphine can be used to make the patient more comfortable during his or her final days.

• There are two main indicators of addiction-withdrawal and tolerance.

Main ideas of the Main ideas of the Fourth paragraphFourth paragraph

• physically- 實體 • psychologically- 精神上的 connected with a

person’s mind and the way in which it works -ology名詞字尾表示學科• addictive 使成癮的 ; 上癮的 hard drug habit-

forming• addict- 吸毒成癮的人 a person who is unable to

stop taking harmful drugs• resorting-求助 ,手段 ask for helping• accustomed- 通常的 usual or typical of sb/sth• resumes- 繼續 ,恢復 commonly used or

practiced re= 再 sume = take,表示 "拿 , 取

Fifth Paragraph-words Fifth Paragraph-words and phrasesand phrases

• functioning-功能 a special activity or purpose of a person or thing

• cravings- 渴望 to thirst for• persist- To hold firmly and steadfastly

to a purpose字構 :per 完全 +sist 站立• dependent- Relying on or requiring the

aid of another for support字構 :de 下 +pend懸掛+ent處於 ... 狀態的• crave-懇求 to request • lead- 領導 to guide

• severe- 劇烈 • depression- 不景氣 The condition of

feeling sad or despondent字構 :de 向下 +press 壓 , 擠 ion 行為 , 結果• anxiety- A state of uneasiness and

apprehension字構 :anxiet苦惱 渴望+y 狀態• develop- 發展 To bring from latency to

or toward fulfillment• amnesia- 健忘症 Partial or total loss of

memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness.

• self- 表示自身的• esteem- 尊重 • diminished-减少了的，被贬低的 To make

smaller or less or to cause to appear so.• copes- 妥善處理 後通常加上 with 表成功地應付用在否定炬則表示無成功可能drug 和 medicine 分別drug 通常只狹義的麻醉藥或毒品medicine 指的是治療效果的藥 ,統常指口服藥

• Morphine is also psychologically addictive.

• The cravings of morphine will persist because the person has become psychologically dependent on the drug.

• Self esteem is diminished as the person copes with living life without the help of a drug.

Fifth Paragraph-words Fifth Paragraph-words and phrases(1)and phrases(1)

• Surprisingly 出人意外的 - To encounter suddenly or unexpectedly; take or catch unawares.

• relapse- 再度惰落• 字構 :re 回 +laps跌落+e(v.n)• common- 通俗的 ,共同擁有的 Belonging

equally to or shared equally by two or more

• particularly-特別 , 詳細的 To a great degree; especially:

• 字構 :part部份 , 分開+i+cul(e) 小 +ar 有 ...性質+ly 以 ... 方式

Sixth Paragraph-Sixth Paragraph-words and phraseswords and phrases

• factors- 因素 One that actively contributes to an accomplishment

• abuse- 濫用 To use wrongly or improperly; misuse

字構 :ab壞 差+us 用 使用 +e(v.n)• Rats- 納特群鳥• environment-環境 The

circumstances or conditions that surround one; surroundings

• enriched- 使富裕 To make rich or richer.

• removal- 除去 The act of removing• 字構 :re 離開+mov 運動 +al 動作 過程• Coped- 對付 . To contend or strive,

especially on even terms or with success

• treating- 對待 To act or behave in a specified manner toward

• essential-基本的 ,必要的Constituting or being part of the essence of something; inherent.

• Not surprisingly, relapse is very common among morphine addicts, particularly if the factors in their lives that led them to drug abuse are not changed.

• It is essential that the patient's environment be altered to one that does not encourage morphine use.

ＭＭ ain ideas of the ain ideas of the Sixth paragraphSixth paragraph

• Summarize-總結 to make a summary of• Highly-非常 ,高度地 Having a relatively

great elevation字構 :high 高 +ly 至 ... 程度• Effective- 有效的 Having an intended or

expected effect• Alleviate- 減輕 To make (pain, for

example) more bearable• Supervision-管理 , 監督

Seventh Paragraph-Seventh Paragraph-words and phraseswords and phrases

• Process-過程 A series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result

字構 :pro 向前 +cess走• Lifetime- The period of time during

which an individual is alivelife 生命+time 時間

• The risk of morphine addiction is high, and withdrawal is a painful process-the psychological element of which can last a lifetime.

ＭＭ ain ideas of the ain ideas of the Seventh paragraphSeventh paragraph

THE ENDING