2. Thuat Ngu Va Ky Hieu Moi Han R1
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Transcript of 2. Thuat Ngu Va Ky Hieu Moi Han R1
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 1
PHN II
THUT NG V K HIU MI HN 1. MT S KHI NIM V CC HIP HI, TIU CHUN QUC GIA
1.1 HIP HI AWS : American Welding Society.
Hip hi hn Hoa K. a ra b tiu chun p dng cho hn kt cu thp.
ASME : American Society Mechanical Engineers. Hip hi k s c kh Hoa K. a ra b tiu chun p dng cho ch to ni hi, bnh, bn p lc.
ASTM : American Society for Testing and Meterials. Hip hi vt liu & kim tra vt liu Hoa K. a ra b tiu chun p dng cho vt liu v kim tra.
API : American Petrolium Institute. Vin du m Hoa K. a ra b tiu chun p dng cho ch to tc, bn cha xng du.
1.2 QUC GIA TCVN: Tiu chun Vit nam. KS : Korean Industrial Standard
Tiu chun cng nghip Hn Quc.
JIS : Japanese Industrial Standard Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn.
ANSI : American National Standard Institute. Vin tiu chun quc gia Hoa K.
DIN : Deutschs Institute for Normung Tiu chun quc gia c
1.3 QUC T
ISO : International Organization of Standardization T chc Quc t v Tiu chun ho
2. THUT NG V PHNG PHP HN
2.1 Hn h quang tay (Hn h quang que hn c v bc) Shielded Metal Arc Welding - SMAW
L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch s dng nhit lng ca h quang gia que hn c thuc bc v vt hn. S bo v kim loi vng hn l do kh phn hy khi thuc bc que hn chy.
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 2
Phng php hn ny khng cn s dng lc p. Kim loi in y b
sung t que hn. 2.2 Hn h quang kim loi trong mi trng kh bo v.
Gas Metal Arc Welding - GMAW L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng
cch s dng nhit lng ca h quang gia kim loi in y nng chy lin tc (dy hn nng chy) v vt hn. Kh bo v c cung cp t ngun kh bn ngoi bo v h quang hn v kim loi vng hn.
Kh bo v l kh tr, kh hot tnh hoc hn hp kh. Mt vi dng bin i ca phng php ny c tn gi l hn MIG,
MAG v hn CO2.
2.3 Hn h quang dy hn c li thuc Flux Cored Arc Welding - FCAW
L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch s dng nhit lng ca h quang gia kim loi in y nng chy lin tc (dy hn nng chy) v vt hn. Vic bo v h quang v kim loi vng hn nh kh do thuc hn trong li dy hn chy to ra v kh c cung cp t ngun kh bn ngoi (nu c s dng).
Phong php ny c th khng dng n kh bo v.
2.4 Hn h quang in cc tungsten trong mi trng kh tr. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding - GTAW
L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch s dng nhit lng ca h quang gia in cc Vonfram (W) khng nng chy v vt hn. Vic bo v h quang v kim loi vng hn nh kh tr (Ar, He,...) c cung cp t ngun kh bn ngoi.
V vy, phng php ny thng c gi l hn TIG. Trong khi hn c th s dng hoc khng s dng dy, que hn ph. Trong
trng hp khng s dng dy, que hn ph, mi hn c hnh thnh do kim loi c bn nng chy to ra.
2.5 Hn h quang di lp thuc.
Submerged Arc Welding SAW L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng
cch s dng nhit lng ca h quang gia in cc kim loi trn v vt hn. H quang v kim loi nng chy c bo v bng kh bo v v lp x do thuc hn nng chy to ra.
Kim loi in y thu c b xung t in cc dy hn hoc t kim loi b sung dng ht.
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 3
3. CC LOI LIN KT HN
Cc mi hn c th c ng dng
Lin kt gip mi (Butt joint)
- Rnh vung - Rnh ch V - Rnh vt xin - Rnh ch U - Hn in tr i u
- Rnh ch J - Rnh -V- loe - Rnh vt xin loe - Hn nng chay i u
Lin kt gc (Corner joint)
- Mi hn gc - Rnh vung - Rnh ch V - Rnh vt xin - Rnh ch J - Rnh -V- loe - Rnh ch U
- Rnh vt xin loe - Hn im - Hn in cc gi - Hn ng lin - Hn nng chy i u - Mi hn gc b g - Mi hn cnh b g
Lin kt chng (Lap joint)
- Hn gc - Hn nt - Hn khe hp - Rnh vt xin
- Rnh ch J - Rnh vt xin loe - Hn im - Hn in cc gi - Hn ng lin
Lin kt ch -T (Tee joint)
- Hn gc - Hn nt - Hn khe hp - Rnh vung - Hn in cc gi
- Rnh ch J - Rnh vt xin loe - Rnh vt xin - Hn im - Hn ng lin - Hn nng chy i u
Lin kt mp kn (Edge joint)
- Hn nt - Hn khe hp - Rnh vung - Rnh vt xin - Hn im - Rnh ch U
- Rnh ch J - Hn ng lin - Rnh ch V - Hn in cc gi - Mi hn cnh b g - Mi hn gc b g
CC YU T C BN CA MI GHP
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 4
4. CC MINH HO MI HN
1. Mi hn rnh vung Square - Groove weld
2. Mi hn rnh -V- n Single-V-Groove
3. Mi hn rnh -V- kp Double-V-Groove
4. Mi hn rnh vt n
Single-Bevel-Groove 5. Mi hn rnh vt kp Double-Bevel-Groove
6. Mi hn rnh -U- n Single-U-Groove
7. Mi hn rnh -U-kp Double-U-Groove
8. Mi hn rnh -J- n Single-J-Groove
9. Mi hn rnh -J- kp Double-J-Groove
10. Mi hn gc mt bn Single-Fillet
11. Mi hn gc hai bn Double-Fillet
12. Rnh V loe
Flare-V 13. Mi hn b g
Flange-Edge 14. Git hn
Bead 15. Mi hn nt
Plug
16. Mi hn im hoc mi hn ng
Arc Spot or Arc Seam
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 5
5. NH NGHA TNG PHN MI HN GIP MI & MI HN GC
1. GROOVE ANGLE (A):
Gc m mp hn. L ton b gc ca rnh gia cc phn c ghp mi to rnh hn
2. BEVEL ANGLE (A): Gc vt ca mp hn. L gc c to gia vic s l mp ca mt chi tit v mt phng vung gc vi b mt ca chi tit .
3. PLATE THICKNESS (T): Chiu dy vt liu Chiu dy ca vt liu c hn.
4. ROOT FACE (RF): dy mp hn (Mp cn). L mt rnh lin k ti chn ca mi ghp.
5. ROOT OPENING (RO): Khe h h. L s tch ra gia cc chi tit c ghp mi cnh chn ca mi ghp.
6. GROOVE FACE: B mt rnh. Bao gm b mt ca chi tit trong rnh.
7. SIZE OF WELD (S): Kch thc mi hn. ngu ca mi ni (chiu su ca gc xin cng vi ngu chn theo l thuyt). Kch thc ca mi hn rnh v rnh c hiu lc chnh l mt
1. LEG OF A FILLET WELD:
Cnh ca mi hn gc. L khong cch t gc ca mi lin kt ti chn ca mi hn gc.
2. ACTUAL THROAT OF A FILLET WELD:
Khong cch thc t ca mt mi hn gc. L khong cch ngn nht t gc ca mi hn gc ti b mt ca n.
3. FACE OF WELD:
B mt ca mi hn. L b mt phi ra ca mi hn trn mt phng t bt k mi hn no hon thin.
4. SIZE OF WELD (S):
Kch thc ca mi hn. di chn ca mi hn gc.
5. ROOT OF A WELD:
Gc ca mi hn. Bt k cc im mt sau ca mi hn phn cch vi b mt kim loi c bn.
6. DEPTH OF FUSION:
Chiu su ngu chy. L khong cch ngu chy m rng vo trong kim loi c bn hoc xuyn qua t b mt kim loi nu chy trong thi gian hn.
7. TOE OF A WELD:
Chn ca mi hn. L s ni lin gia b mt ca mi hn v kim loi c bn
MI HN GIP MI MI HN GC
456
2 37
1
3
5
1
6
2
4
7
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 6
6. THUT NG CC KHUYT TT HN
Arc Strikes: Vt gy h quang.
S thiu thn trng mang tnh cht khng lin tc c kt qu t h quang, gm c mt vi vng kim loi b nng chy, kim loi vng nh hng nhit, hoc thay i trong b mt nghing ca mt vi i tng kim loi. Vt gy h quang c th l l do ca in cc hn h quang, cc c thc kim tra t tnh, hoc cp hn b c sn.
Blowhole: R hnh ng.
L mt thut ng khng tiu chun thay th cho Porosity.
Concavity: B mt lm. L khong cch ln nht t b mt ca mi hn gc lm vung gc vi ng ni cc chn mi hn.
Cracks: Nt.
Loi khe nt c tnh khng lin tc biu th c im bng u sc nhn v c t l rt ln gia chiu di v chiu rng khe h chim ch.
Crater: H.
Ch tht xung thnh h ti im kt thc ca mi hn.
Crater Cracks (star crack): Nt hnh sao. Vt nt trong h, thng im kt thc ca mi hn.
Incomplete Fusion: S nu chy khng hon ton.
Mt mi hn c tnh khng lin tc trong s nu chy khng xy ra gia kim loi mi hn v nu chy b mt hoc phn tip gip cc ng hn.
Lack of Fusion: Thiu chy L mt thut ng khng tiu chun th cho incomplete fusion.
Longitudinal Crack: Nt theo chiu dc Mt mi nt cng vi phn ln trc ca n c nh hng gn nh song song vi trc ca mi hn.
Overlap: Chng lp.
S nh ra ca kim loi mi hn vt xa hn chn ca mi hn hoc gc mi hn.
Porosity: Trng thi r, xp.
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 7
L loi l hng c tnh khng lin tc c to nn bi kh cn nm li trong kim loi mi hn sau khi qu trnh ng c kt thc.
Root Crack: Nt gc mi hn.
Vt nt trong mi hn hoc vng nh nhit xy ra t gc ca mi hn.
Slag inclusion: Ngm x
L vt liu c phi kim loi nm li trong kim loi mi hn hoc gia kim loi mi hn v vt liu c bn.
Spatter: Bn to.
Cc ht nh kim loi b bn ra trong khi hn nng chy, cc ht khng hnh thnh t b phn ca mi hn.
Toe Crack: Nt chn.
Vt nt trong mi hn hoc trong vng nh hng nhit xy ra t chn ca mi hn.
Transverse Crack: Nt theo chiu ngang.
Mt mi nt cng vi phn ln trc ca n c nh hng gn nh vung gc vi trc ca mi hn.
Undercut: Chy cnh (chy chn).
Mt rnh b nu chy vo trong kim loi c bn gn st chn mi hn hoc gc mi hn v tri li khng c lp y bng kim loi mi hn.
Underbead Crack: Nt di ng hn
Mt vt nt trong vng nh hng nhit thng thng khng m rng ln b mt ca kim loi c bn.
Underfill: Lm b mt Ch lm trn b mt mi hn hoc b mt gc c m rng xung thp hn lin k b mt ca kim loi c bn.
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn
7. MINH HO CC KHUYT TT TRONG MI HN
Chy chn(Undercut)
Nt gc(Root crack)
R kh(Porosity'blowhole')
Chy chn(Undercut)
Ngm x(Slag inclusion)
Ming b hn(Crater)
Ngu chy khng hon ton(Incomplete fusion) Nt chn
(Toe Crack)
Chng lp (Overlap)
Nt di ng hn(Underbead Crack)
Nt di ng hn(Underbead Crack)
Nt dc mi hn(Longitudinal crack)
H (Pit)
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn
MINH HO CC KHUYT TT TRONG MI HN (TIP)
Ngu chy khng hon ton(Incomplete fusion)
Chng lp (Overlap)Chng lp(Overlap)
Ngm x (Slag inclusion)
Nt ngang mi hn(Transverse crack)
Lm b mt(Underfill)
Nt lu hunh(Sulphur crack)
Ngm x
Nt hnh sao(Crater crack)
Tch lp do lu hunh(Sulphur Segregation)
Lm b mt(Underfill)
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 10
8. CC T TH HN
Trc ca mi hn nm ngang
Trc ca mi hn ng Trc ca mi hn
nm ngang
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 11
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 12
9. K HIU MI HN
K HIU MI HN C BN V NGHA V TR CA CHNG
Hn g
ngha v tr
Gc Hn nt hoc khe
hp
Hn im hoc in cc gi
Hn ng
Hn mt sau hoc tm m
Hn ph b mt
vt song song i vi mi
ghp hn ng thau
Hn mp
Pha bn
mi tn
Pha bn kia mi tn
Khng s dng
C hai pha
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng Khng s
dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
CC K HIU B XUNG
ng vin Mi hn tt c chu vi
Mi hn ngoi hin
trng
Xuyn thu
Tm m Bng Li Lm
K hiu mi hn rnh
K hiu mi hn rnh
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 13
V TR CC YU T TIU CHUN CA K HIU MI HN
Bc (khong cch ttm n tm ca mi hn)
TS (E) L - P
(N)
F
AR
Kch thc bnkia ca mi
tn ch
Kch thc nimi tn ch
Gc m rnh hn;. gc tng ca lkhot loe ming i vi hn nt
Khe h;. chiu su ca mi hn clp y i vi hn nt v hn khe hp
K hiu b xung i viphng php hon thin
K hiu b xung chohnh dng b mt
Kch thc c hiu lc(theo tnh ton)
Chiu su ngu chy; Kch thcm bo cho mi hn chc chn
c im kthut; Phngphp hn, hoctham chiu khc.
ui (c b qua khis tham chiu khngc s dng)
K hiu mi hnc bn hoc nhngchi tit tham kho
Chiu di mi hn, trong mi hn gckhng lin tc, hoc trong hn im
K hiu mi hnngoi hin trng
K hiu mi hntt c xung quanh
Mi tn chmi hn
ngtham chiu
S mi hn im, hn ng, hninh tn, hn nt, hn khe hp, hoc
cc mi hn in cc gi
Cc yu t trong vng ny c ginguyn trong khi ui v mi tn
quay ngc li
C
h
a
i
b
n
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn 14
CC K HIU HN C BN V CC NGHA V TR KHC
Hn g Rnh
Gc Vung Ch V Vt xin Ch
U Ch
J Ch V
loe Vt xin
loe
ngha v tr
Pha bn mi tn
ch
Mt bn kia mi
ghp
Khng s dng
C hai bn
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Khng s dng
Bn ny hoc bn
kia khng quan trng