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ASTRONOMY

INTRODUCTION

TO

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MODULE OUTLINE:

* What is Astronomy?* Astronomical

Instruments* Basic Astronomical

Terminology* Some Updates on

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What isastronomy?

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Mr. Jerwin A. Gutierrez, MAEdSci

Faculty Member

University of Batanas !i"a #ity

Branches of Physical Science

D. Astronomy Study of the universe beyond

Earth One of oldest branches

Babylonians charted planets & stars 4!!! years

a"o

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ASTRONOMY

# the science of the universe outside

of our planet

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ASTRONOMY

# science of heavenly bodies.# has resulted in many practical

inventions ideas includin"

calendars navi"ational

techni$ues la%s of motion

en"ineerin" of products andan increased understandin" of

ener"y and %eather.

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astronomical

instruments

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ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS

. Optical 'elescope(. )efractin" 'elescope

*. )eflectin" 'elescope

4. )adio 'elescope

+. Spectroscope

,. Spectro"raph

-. Photometer

. /nterferometer0. 'hermocouple

!. Space 'elescope

. Orbitin" 'elescopes

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OPTICAL TELESCOPE

# efra

# used to collect li"ht.

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BASIC TYPES OF OPTICAL

TELESCOPES:

a. $efractors use lenses

b. $eflectors use mirrors

c. #ardio"tics use acombination of both lenses

and mirrors

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REFRACTING TELESCOPE

# uses lenses to collect li"ht

# ma"nifies the ob1ect ** times

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REFLECTING TELESCOPE

# uses mirror instead of lenses tocollect li"ht

# focuses li"ht rays %ith a curved

concave mirror

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RADIO TELESCOPE

# used to collect and measure

radio %aves

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SPECTROSCOPE

# used to observe a star as to its movement

to%ard or a%ay from the Earth.

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SPECTROGRAPH

photometer

interferometer

thermocouple

# instrument used to photo"raph

the spectrum

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PHOTOMETER

# instrument for measurin"

intensity of li"ht

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INTERFEROMETER

#hermocouple

# measures the an"ular diameter

of stars

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THERMOCOUPLE

# measures the temperature of

an ob1ect

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SPACE TELESCOPE

# reveals the details of the

celestial ob1ect

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ORBITING TELESCOPES

# used to observe the ultraviolet infrared

and 2#ray proportions of the

electroma"netic spectrum

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BASIC

ASTRONOICA

!

T"RINO!O#$

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BINARY STAR

# a double star system havin" orbital revolution

components that caused the t%in stars.

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APHELION / PERIHELION

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APHELION / PERIHELION

# an ob1ect3s orbital point in distance andtime5 around a star %here the ob1ect3s

distance on its elliptical orbit5 from its

parent star is farthest 6 closest.

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7 'he terms apo"ee& peri"eeare usedinstead %hen referrin" to ob1ects

orbitin" the Earthe.". the 8oon5.

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7 'he terms apoapsis& periapsisrefers to orbits around all other

bodies.

ASTRONOMICAL UNIT

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ASTRONOMICAL UNIT

7 'his is sli"htly less than the mean distance

from the Earth to the Sun appro9.

40+0--!.,0:m or about 0* million miles.

OPPOSITION

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OPPOSITION

7 A planet in opposition is at its closest

to and at its best visibility from

Earth.

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PRECESSION

# a circular motion about a body3s

a9is of rotation.

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WANE & WAX

* A %aning moon re&ers to

the time 'et%een the &ull

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WANE & WAX

* A %a)ing moon re&ers to an

increase in the illuminated

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CO S A O S

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CONSTELLATIONS

# "roupin" of stars usuallyresemblin" a mythical fi"ure

from ;ree: or Arabic fol:lore.

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CELESTIAL CO ORDINATE

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CELESTIAL CO-ORDINATE

SYSTEM

a hollo% sphere that appearsto rotate around the "arth in

an east%est direction e+ery

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RIGHT ASCENSION (R.A.)

# one of the co#ordinates used to

locate position on the celestial

space that runs from northto south

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APPARENT MAGNITUDE

measure o& the +isi'le light'rightness o& a celestial

o'.ect as o'ser+ed &rom the

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ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE

# the ma"nitude visible#li"ht bri"htness5

that a celestial ob1ect %ould have if it %ere

observed at a standard distance of *(.,

li"ht years ! parsecs5.

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ASTEROIDS

7'hese roc:y bodies are found all over

the solar system. 'hey vary in si

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COMETS

7 'he stuff of lore. =rom >alley3s comet to>ale Bopp comets inspire a%e %henever

they pass close to Earth. Even >olly%ood

has "otten in on the "ame.

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SO"

U/0AT"S

ON

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SOME UPDATES:

* Our Uni+erse is e)1uisitely

23at2 in topology4 such that t%oinitially parallel light rays %ill

stay parallel &ore+er(* A 3at Uni+erse is one o& the5ey predictions o& cosmic

in3ation4 a theory that pertainsto the +ery earliest moments o&the Uni+erse(

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SOME UPDATES:

*The Uni+erse and all

it contains originatedin a 6ot Big Bang78(9 'illion years ago(

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SOME UPDATES:

*The Uni+erse is e)pandingli5e a stretchy sheet at a

rate o& 97 5ilometers persecond per megaparsec o&

distance4 %here one :7;megaparsec e1uals 8(,rst stars in theUni+erse %ere &ormed

less than , millionyears a&ter the Big

Bang4 less than 7(@=o&the total time that has

transpired since then

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*These &arreachingconclusions are 'asedon the most precise

measurements o& thecosmic micro%a+e'ac5ground e+er

attained(

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*They a%ait con>rmation

&rom the additional WA/datathat are accruing4 &romthe "uropean /lanc5mission that has yet tolaunch4 and &rom other

scientists %ho may holddierent interpretations o&

the same data

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The planets

The planets are di+ided into , groups 4

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the Inner planets and the Outer planets

ercury

enus

"arth

ars

Dupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

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Ptolemy proposed the

"eocentric theory

;alileo testedheliocentric theory but

persecuted by the)oman ?atholic ?hurch

?opernicus "ained thehonor of proposin" the

heliocentric theory

BASIC QUESTIONS:

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BASIC QUESTIONS:

. @hat %ould support the idea thatthe moon is a disc

(. @hy do %e see only one side of themoon

*. @hy does the moon "o throu"h

phases of full to thin crescent %hile

the sun remains round

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