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1;旦 J。こ5 ノ八 ʼ.n。F; 4jむ I丿:j TI゛・ ジド 言-ノ背- 牡 “ I W “ ″...
Transcript of 1;旦 J。こ5 ノ八 ʼ.n。F; 4jむ I丿:j TI゛・ ジド 言-ノ背- 牡 “ I W “ ″...
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Yonseiunivl、lrsity-Shizuokaunl、yersity
Studellts’VVorkshop2011
PI’oceedings
D{3cemberyjl2011
Yonseiuniv{:う:17sity,Seou1,Korea
-
Program
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Y`onseiun沁ersity-Shizuokaun沁ersityStudentsWorksh()p2011
1)ecembel‘5,2011(Monday)atYonseiU111versity,lくorea
11
21
19
17
13
SurfacePlasmonResonanceinDeep-UVRegion
Sung‘YongLim,lllyunseokYang,Kyoung-SuPark,No-CheoIPark,and
Young-PilPark(Yonseiuniveristy)
11:25-11:400-06
Storage
KoheiTakamatsu,W.lnami,andY.Kawata(Shizuokauniversity)
CoffeBreak
O-05
TrackingServoミMethodusingPre-patternsforHOlographicData
ObservationofWide-GapSemiconductors
Program
09:(X)-09:30
()9:30-09:45
09:45-10:10
Registration
openingRemark
O-01(lnヽ 4ted)
AutoconfocaITransmissionlVlicroscopyBasedonNonlinear
Detection
ChulminJoo,ChunZhan,QingLi,andlヨ;iavashYazdanfar
(Yonseiuniversity)
10:10-10:250-02
CharacteristicAnalysisofCFRPCuttingwithNanosecondPulsed
Laser
Kdsukeushida,W.lnami,Y.Shimamura,Y.Kawata
(Shizuokauniversity)
10:25-10:400-03
DynamicCharllderisticsPI’edictionofthePerforatedCylindrical
ShelHnSMARTUsingSI1111arityAnalysis ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 5
Young-lnChoiβeunghoLim,Young-PilPark,No-CheolPark,
Kyoung-SuPark(Yonseiun沁el゙ sity)
10:40-10:550-04
Two-PhotonExcitationwithvisibleFemto鎖慨ondLaserfor
10:55-11:10
11:10-11:25
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MasahzuKikawada,A.0no,W.lnami,R』4kimoto,andY.Kawata
(Shizuokaun沁el’sity)
11:40-11:550-07
TribologicaIPropertiesofZnONanowires
HaeJinKim,KyeongHeeKang,andDaeJE皿Kim(Yonseiuniversity)
11:55-12:100-08
CeIIPIlcessingwithElectronBeam
23
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 5
KenWatanabe,W.lnami,andY.Kawata(Shizuokauniversity)
1:2:10-13:30Lunch
1:3:30-13:450-09
PrecisionlVlachiningofGC鬘old
lVollkyunLee,Kyung-ln,lang,andByung-KwonMin
(Yonseiunivel`sity)
13:45-14:000-10
OpticallyCOI!trollableElectrophoresiswithaPhotoconductive
Substrate
27
29
TaikiNagashima,T.lwahashi,W.lnami,A.Miya㎞wa,andY.Kawata
(Shizuokauniverity)
lzl・:00-14:150-11
FabricationofAntirenectionSurfaceviaNanosphereLithography゙ 3̈1
HaesungPark,KyoungsikKim(Yonseiuniveristy)
1∠1・:15-14:300-12
AnalysisofLightandElectronScatteringinaThinFnmforEXA
OpticaIMkroscope
MasahiroFukuta,W.lnami,A.0no,andY.Kawata
(Shizuokaunivel°sity)
1,・1・:30-14:450-13
lmageRe虻orationMethodforHighResolutionlmageinDigital
HOlographicMicroscope
Do-HyungKim,SungbinJeon,San11’HyukLee,Kyoung’SuPark・
No4:;heoH)ark,HyunseokYangandYoung-PilPark(Yonseiun沁ersity)
33
35
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:1∠1・:45-15:000-14
Cllthodelum㎞escencelmagingofMetamcNanostrllctures……………37
1RyujiNoda,S.Fukada,Y.l` rawa,A.0no,W.lnami,D.G.:Xliang,
IE;.Saito,andY.Kawata(Shizuokaun沁ersity)
15:00-15:15ClosingRemark
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Proceedings
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Fig.2:(a卜(t))lmagesofafixedratretialissu12rt=cordedwithSi-PDbasedACMandGe-PDbased
linearcl(jtection,resljectively.NotetheirnprovedimallecontrastprovidedbySi-PDbasednonlinear
&tection.(c)-(f)Si-PDbasedACMirnag5ofnxedraにhorokltissueElttissueにfhceand20,40,60
μmbelowthetissuesuface,re5spectively.Vas㎝larstructuresaJld叩itheliumareclearlyvisibleateachdepthwithhighcontrast.Thescalebarrepresents50μm.
亀ecandr(lpetitionrate~50MHz)iscollimated,magnined,andfocusedontothespec】menvla
scatteredlijcollectedl
幽に叩
Foc-OBJ.Theforward斤omthesampleisthenthedetectionobjective
(Det-OBJ)all(1ref1)cusedontoSi-PDwithadiameterof~10μm.TheasponseofSi-PDunderfbcusedilluminationofcontinuous
(CW)andpulsed(PW丿ightat1.55μmwasthenexamined.FortheCWcase,nosignalwasobservedonthe(letector,since1.55μmli1111tenergy(~0.8ev)isbelowtheban(1gap()fSi(~1.12ev).However,PWilluillinationresultedinaremarkablesignE11increasedueton()nlinearabsorption(datanotshown).Weexaminedtheoutputsignalasafunctionoftheinci(1entopticalpowerfk)rthePWcase,andfoundthatthesignalexhibiteda
quadraticdependenceontheincidentopticalpower(~2.01),whichsuggeststwo-photoninducedphotocurrents.
3.ResultsandDiscussion
HavingobservednonlinearresponseofSi-PDtotheemr)1oyedfbmtosecondlaser,theimprovedimagecontrastandrejectionofout-oflfbcusbackgroundbyACMwasassessedbyimagingnxedratretina.Figs.20)and2(b)showth6nlag・5sobtainedwiththeSi-PDbasedn(mlineardetectionand
germaniumPDbasedlineardetection(Ge-PD).砥/hilevascularandmorphologicalstructureswerevisibleinbothim昭es,the
12
()ut41n〕cusba(;1cground哨ection(;apal3111tyinACMrelsultedinamuchhighercontrmand nlore de狙nedmorphologicalin11)rrnation.Wealsoperfi)rmedACMimagingona~80μmthickflxedratchoroidbyscanningthesamplealongtheopticalaxistodemonstratethree-dimensionalimaging(;apability.Therepresentativeimagesatthetissuesurnlceandin~20μmstepsbelowthesurfllceareshowninFigs.4(c-f).Thedistributionofvascularstructuresandepitheliumatdifferentdepthsisclearlyvisible,whilehighimagecontrastismaintained.
4.Summary
Acheapandsimpleschemeforautoconfocaltransmissionmicroscopywasdemonstrated.Theselfalignedvirtual
pinholewasachievedbyasinglelarge-areasiliconphotodiodethatgenerates
photocu汀entsinaquadraticdependenceonincidentintensityof~1.55μmpulsedillumination.High-contrast,depth-resolvedimagesofbiologicaltissuesampleswere
presented。
Reference
田C.Joomj・,0r)t.I-ett.35(57-(55)(2010)
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○-02
Char£lderisticanalysisofCFRPcuttingwithnanosecondpulsedlaser
Keisukeushidal*,Watarulnami2’3,YoshinobuShimamural,andYoshimasaKawatal’3
1F11cultyofEngillaring,ShizuokauniversitM2Shizuokauniv.GRL,3JST-CREST
3-5-1Johoku,Naka,Hamamatsu,Shizuoka432-8561,JapanTEL&FAX:+ISI-53-478-1076
E-mail:kawata而e叩.sllizu()ka.ac.ip
Abstract
(JarbonFiberRe凶1)rcedP臨stics(CFRP)hElvefeaturc3sofhighspec姐cstren球h,highrigiditsnghtwe垣ht,etc,Thecuttingtechniquesusedf1)rCFRPtodayarewaterjetcuttingandmechanicalcuttingoperationssuchassawing,mming,o「
grinding.However,theyhaveproblemsofhightool-wear,wastewaterdisposa1,etc.ThesedisadvantageshmittheapplicationsofCFRP.WeperformthecuttingofCFRPwithnanosecondpulsedlaserandanalyzeditschara(lteristics.Weinvestigatedmachining-depthdependencesontheconditionoffocuspositionandtheamountofoverlappingareaof7focusspotonCFRPE3urface.
1.1ntroductiou
CarbonFiberRein拓rcedPlastics(CFRP)ε12(;ompositemateri111(;omposedbycarbonfiberandl)Jticresin.Thefbaturesofthellmterialillcludehighsl)ecificstrerlgth,highriがdity,1ightweight,etc[1].1’herefore,CFRPhavebecomeanessential{lngineeringmaterialinmanymodemindustrialappli(;ations[21.
Themaincuttingte(;11niquesusedfbrCFRPtodayarewaterjetcuttingandm(?(;11anicalcutting()I)c2rationssuchassawing,milling,orgrinding,However,theyhave
problemsofhightoo1-wear,wastewaterdisposa1,etc.Therefore,itisdimculttosaythattheserxocssingmethodsaresimplyandeasyway.ThedisadvantageslimittheElpplicationsofCFRP.
Lasercuttingispaidatterltionsbecauseithasl)otentialssolvingthedisadvantagesofwaterjetcuttingandmt?(;hanicalcutting()r){?rations[31.WepresentlaserprocessingcharE1(;teristicswithnanoscondlaserpulse.
2.CFRPandlasersource
lnthisstudy,981mmthickCFRPwereusedforlaserl)rocessing.Aplywascomposedofunidi祀ctionalnberandresinthathardenfiber.ltwaslam柚ated
FO°/9()゚ /90°/Oo]orielltation.WeusedaQ-switchNd:YAGlaser(wElv・うlength=532nm,pulsewidth=4ns).NumericE11aperture
13
(N.A.)oftheo句(・ctivelenswas0.10.
3.ExperimentalResultandDiscussion
We・1/estigatedlhemachin㎞g-depthdependenceonscanningspeedswithvariousfocusedl)ositions.Thefocuspositionwasvariedintheregionfrom-500μmto500μmandscanningspeedswere0.2μm/s,0.4
μmノs,0.8μm/s,1.6μm/s.Anerlaserirradiations,themachiningdepthandwidthweremeasuredwithscanningelectronmiaoscope(SEM).lntheseexperiments,wescannedlaserlightonlyonce。
FigurelshowsSEMimagesofcrosssectionso臼aserr)r()cessedCFRP.Figure2showstheresultsofthemachining-clel)thdependenceoneachfocuspositionwithvariousscanningspeeds.ltwasfoundthatthemachiningdepthswereinaeasedwiththelargervalueoffbcusedpositions,anddepthswerelimitedatcertainvalues.WhenthefocuspositionwasmovedtotheinsideoftheCFRPsurfacemore,themE1(2hiningdepth(lecreased.Themaximaofmachiningdepthsbecamesmallerwithhillherscanningspeed.
Fig.I.CrosssectionsofprocessedCFRJ).
-
IH
H
ljl
H
H
一llljlSE
φ02μ❹・
舘0,4μS/S
40,S11Sゝ
●1.61&sz6
◇ Q I ■ ■ ・
◇ ■ 東○
Q A s a △ △ A
○ △ 皿 “ △Q . ■ ● . A
A = ● ● ● ・ ‾■ ● ・
・ -W
- 4 { } に 2 0 0 0 2 Q 0 4 α )
foeuspositioatoale(7RPsurfaa【μm】
ぬ0
Fig。2.Themachiningdepthforeachs(;anning町)eedandfbcusposition。
l入/ealsoanalyzedthemachining-depthdependenceonoverlappingareaoffocusedspotandnumberoflaserscans.Figure3showstheoverlappingconditionoffocusspotonCFRPI;ul’face.lneachcondition,laserbeamwasscannedwiththenumberofl,5,10,20,50,100,200times.lnthese{5xperiments,thefocuspositionwasfixedontheCFRPsulface。
I;` igure4showsthedel)tlndenceofthemachining-depthonthe(;onditionofoverlal)1)ingareaoffocusspotandnumberoflaserscans.ltwasfoundthatthemachiningdepthsbecamelargerasthelll.lmberofscanswereincreased.Themachiningdepthsalsobecamelargerasthesizeofoverlappingareaswa‘eincreased.Wecouldalsol゙ ecognizethatincreasingrateofthemachiningdepthstotheincreasingllumberofbeamscangraduallybecamesmaller.Focusedspotwasslightlydefocusedduringthelaserl:)ro(;essingbecausetheCFR)ヨ)surfllcewasminedbylaserirradiations.Therefore,wemaysaythatmoreemcientprocessingcanbeperlFormedbya(!justingthefocuspositionintointemalsideoneveryscan.
四 回 ・ 咄 sSix箕鯉sval岡
A (涵てぶ 30B ご 22jC (互皿Σ) 15D (遜皿) 7jFig。3.Theconditionofthesizeofoverlap
offocusspotonCFIU)surface.
14
四四10070HHH01000
【HmH
mml
50 100
numberonasa・
150
SCanS
200
Fig。4.Thedependenceofthemachiningdepthontheconditionofoverlappingareaoffocusspotandnumberoflaserscans.
4.Conclusion
Weinvestigatedthemachining-depth(kl)endenceons(llnningspeedwithvariousfocusedl)ositions.ltwasfoundthatthe
叫北imumfbcuspositionsexistedineachs(;anningspeedinordertoachievelargemachiningdepths.ltwasfoundthattherewel‘ethresholdofthepowerdensityto
l:)rocess.Wealsoanalyzedthemachining-depth
del)tlndenceonovel°lappingareaoffocusedspotandnumber()flasgscans.ltwasfoundthatthemachining(lepthsalsobecamelargerasthesizeofover≒)pingareaswerei11(;reased.Wecouldalsol・gognizethathlcreaingrateof.themachiningdepthstotheincreasingnumberofbeamscans
graduallybecamesmaller.Asnextresearchissuesweshould
discusstheoptimumpl’ocessingconditionsfordecreasingl:)rocesstime.Heatefbctsinducedbylaserill皿linationonCFRPshouldbeanalyzedforfinelaserprocessing。
References
[1]K.Tohgo,UCHIDAROKAKUH0,2004[2]DirkHerzog,PeterJaeschke,011ver
Meier,HeinzHafel’kamp,“lnvestigationsonthethermaleffectcausedbylasercuttingwithrespecttostaticstrengthofCFRP”,lntemationaoournalofMachine’R)ols&Manufilcture48,2008,pp・
1464-1473.
[3]K.C.’ゝ 1m11,S.M.Md,T.M.Yue,”Astudyoftheheat4ffbctedzoneintheUVYAGlaserdrillingofGFRPmaterials”,JournalofMaterialsR・ocessinglechnologyl22,20021):278-285
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○-03
DynamicChilracl:eristicsPI°edictionofthePerforatedCyl㎞{lricaIShellinSIART
UsingSilllilarityAnalysis
Young-lnChoiβeunghoLim,Young-PilPark,l` Jヽo-CheoH)arlc,Kyoung-SuPark゙
DepartmentofMechanicalEngilleerin9,Yonseiuniversity50Yonsei-『0,Seodaemun-9u,SeouS/120-749,KOrea
TEL&FAX:+82-2123-3847*e-mail:pks6348@yonsei.ac.k「
Abstract
Thispaperintroducesdynamicchal゙ 11cteristicidentifi(;ationofraKtorintemalsusingfiniteelementmethod.Theresearchalsoconsklersnuid-strtl(;tureinl:11ractionbetween(;oolantwaterandl・eactorintemals.Thel’esultsareverifiedbycomparingtheresultsofthemodaltest.lnaddition,thispaperintroducessimilarityanalysisusinglsJAVMlfilctor.Fromthisfactor,(妙namiccharElcteristicsofsubmergedstructureswhichhavediarents(;alefa(;torcanbepl’{idicted.
1.1ntroductionNowKoreanAtomicEnergyResearch
lnstituteisdevelopingtheSystem-integratedModularAdvancedReacTor(SMART).TheSMARrrincludescomponentslikeac()re,steam
gentlrators,coolantpumps,andapressurizerinsidetheonel’tlactorvtlssel.Thoughtheintegratedstillctureimprovesthesafbtyofther{lactor,itcanbeexcitedby飢earthquakeand
pumppulsations.ltisimportanttoidentifyd)rnamiccharacteristicsofthereactorintemalsconsi(leringfluid-structurekaaction.Thus,modalanalysiswiththemodaltestandthefinite・slementmethod(FEM)iり)erformedinordertoidaltifythed)rnamiccllaracteristicsofthereact()rintemals。Thenowskirt,whichisaperfbrated
(;ylindri(;alshelljslocatedinthelowerplenum()fthel’tlElctor.lnordertopelfomlthemodaltest,al/12sizes(;ale-simnaritymodelismanuf11(;turedandfiniteelementmodelisconstnlctedbasedonthisscale-simhritymodel.ThedynamiccharacteristicsofthesimilaritymodelareextractedbythemodaltestandFEmodelisverifiedbycomparingtheresultbetweenthemodaltestandtheFEanalysis.Thisstudy血rthercarriesoutthesimilarityanalysisforplでdictingthedynamiccharacteristicsofthereall‘eacta’intemals.Thellaturalfi’11(:111enciesoftherealreactorintemalsarecalculatedwiththeNj4VMlfactorandcalibratingfactors.Results
ofthesilnilarityanalysisareverifledbycompal゙ ingthelresultsoftheFEanalysis。
2.FiniteElement】VlodelThenowskirthastota11668holeswhichhaveatriangularpattem.ltis面曇ゑorcedbythreecircularribsontheinsideoftheshen.Sixlowernangesislocatedinthelowerpartofthenowskirtandtheyarefixedtohemisphericalsurfllceofthel・tlactorvessel.Afiniteelementmodelofal/12gale-simhritymodelisbuiltupandthefiniteelementanalysisisimplementedbyusingcolmnercialpackage,ANSYS.I;`igurelmustratesthefiniteelementmodelofthenowskirtandsurr()undingnuidswhichisappliedboundaryconditi()nsandthefluid-structureinttiraction.
3.SimilarityAnalysisltisimpossibletopedormthemodaltest
withlargescalestl’1.1ctl,1reslikethel’eactolジrhus,simnarityanalysisisusedforpl’edictingllaturalfi‘(1(luerlciesoftherealra1(;torintemalsfi’omthesimilaritymodel.Kwak[I]isexpressedtheinnuenceoftheaddedmasseflFbctbythel4AVMI(Non-dimensionalAddedⅥrtualMasslncremental)factor.Natl.u` alfi゙ equenciesofthesubmergedreaII’eactorintemalscanbecalculated丘omthenaturalfi゙ equenciesofthes(;ale-simhritymodelintheairbyusingtheNAVMlfactor.
15
-
ailn , 。 w
5aw●S。。.t
Fig.IFEMModelofFlowSkirt
Table1SmHalityanalysisofnowskirtwithNAVMlfactor
Mode
1-
2-
3
1/12ScaleSimilarityModelofFlowSkirt
Aluminum(air)Aluminum(Water)
F E M F E M
988,1-
1097-
1974
757
789.3-
1402
NAVMIFactor
1.90-
2.52-
2.65
Fig.2explainsl)rocessofthesinlilarityEmalysis.Andnextequationshowsnatural介ci(lでlenciesofthesubmergedrealmodel.
几,一
一
た一
八J 匹宍 (1)3.ResultsandDiscussion
Tablelshowsresultsofthesimilarityanalysis.NAVMlfactorisobtainedbythenaturalfyquenciesofthegale-similaritymode1.FromNAVIVIlfhctor,natura1丘t2cltlenciesoftherealsizemodelofthenowskirtinthewaterare(j111clllated.The(;ε11(;ulatedresultsarewe11matchedwiththeresultsoftheFEanalysis.
4.Conclusionlnthismsearch,dynamicchEll7acteristicsofthenowskirtinthereactorareextraetedbythenniteelementan211ysis.Furthermore,similarityanalysisiscarriedoutwiththeconstructedfiniteelementmodel.TheNAVINIlfactorisusedforcalculatingthe
ExtxtngualSquax;iesofSia山4mjlaritymodelinblifatxiwttg
Dcmi卜.Ela5ticModulusCalibriltionFactor
Cak4at。stualfi。qussi。。「牡x認alslctgin扮malsi皿t奴血
Nazllfiqll凹riaoftheraj
s●cこori11加malsindllwltg
Fig.2ProcessoSimilantyAnalysis
Stee1(Air)-
Calculation
82.34-
91.41-
164.5
RealSizeModelofFlowSkirt
Steel(Water)
Calculation
76.85-
78.63-
142.62
F E M-
76.8-
78.8
141.3
Error(%)
0.06-
・0.21
-
0.94
naturalfrequenciesoftherealsizemo(1elandtheseresultscomparewiththeresultsoftheFEanalysis.Theresultsshowvalidityofthesimilarityanalysis.
Reference
(1)M.K.KwakandK.C.Kim,1991,“AxisymmetricvibrationofCircularPlatesinContactwithFluid,”Joumal
()fSoundandvibration,146(3),pp.381-389
Calcula加NAVMIFa£tor
16
-
○-04
Two-PhotonExcitationwithvisibleFemtosecondLaserforobservationofWide-GapSemiconductors
Kohei’akamatsul,W11tarulnalrli2’3,YoshimasaKawatal’3
1FacultyofEnllineering,Shizuokauniversity,2Shizuokauniv.GRL,3JST-CREST
3-5-IJohoku,Naka,111mamatsu,Shizuoka43:2-8561,JapanTEL&FAX:+81-53478-1076
E-mail:kawata(lna.shizuoka.ac.‘
Abstract
Wehavedevelopedatechniqueoftwo-photonex(;itationinvisibleregion,andappliedtoobserveintemaldefectsofZnOcrystalwhichemitsphotoluminescenceinultravioletregion
(36’7nm).lnordertoobserveaZnOcrystal,weintroduced521nmSHGfbmtosecondsolid-statelasel’[1,2]asalightsource
1.1ntroduction
Semiconductorlasersinultravioletregionhavebeendevelopedbymanyresearchers.Stl・1.1cturedefectsinthesemi-con血ctorcrystalda;reasetheemissionemciencyofthedevices.lnordertoimprovethedeviceemciency,itisrequiredtoreducethestrljl(;turedefectsinacrystalasmuchas
l:)()ssibleinthestageofthecrystalgrowth.T11erefbre,11valuationofacrystalbecomesindispensable.
Two-photonexcitationmicroscopeisusedforevaluationofasemiconductorcrystal,andTi:Sapphirelaserisusedasaex(;nationlightsource.Sincewavelengthregi()11oftypicalTi:Sal)1)hirelaseris’7::20-900nm,wide-gapsemiconductors(;annotbeexcitedwithtwoi)hotonpl` ocess.lnordertoobserveasemiconductorcrystalwithawiderbandgap,weintroducedaSHGfbmtosec()ndsond-statelaserasanexcitationnghtsource.Weobservel(lintemaldefectsofZnocrystals.
:1’17wo-photonex{litationforevaluationofacrystal
Theabsorptionofatypicalsemi-coductorcrystalinthewavelengthregionthatisshorterthanthewavelengthλbg,whichcorrespondstoband-gapenergyofthematerial.Sincetheexcitationwavelengthshollldbeshorterthanthewavelengthλb8,theex(;il:ationlightismuchabsorbedinthematerial.F4urelshowscomparisonof{5x(;itationregionbetweeningle-and
two-photonexcitation.lnasingle-photonexcitation,theexcitationlightcannot
penetrateintodeepareaofthematerial,becauseitabsorbedduringthepropagation.Thislimitstheusageofphotohlmintlscencestudiesinthree-dimensionalobservation。
Two-photonexcitationwillallowthree-dimensionalimagingofthecrystalsbecausethewavelengthusedintwo-photonexcitationismuchlongerthanthewavelengthλbg・Photoluminescenceisexcitedonlyinthefocalvolumeintwo-photonexcitation.Thusobservationofthel)articularpositioninsideacrystalispossible.
Laserlight
/
```‾’゛゛‾‾‾‾‾’゜‘ぺLens``’`「‾`‾’‾’ ’ ’ ’‾ ’ ’ ‘‾‾″゛ノ
ニ J ヨ 1 c i t a t i o n r e g i o ぞ` ` ` - シ 帽 j
’ S e m i c o n d u c t o r j
Single-photon’I`w()-photonexcitationexcitation
I゙ igurel.Comparisonofexcitationregion
3.0bservationofinternaldefectsinZnocrysta
Figure2showstheeM)erimentalsetupof
17
-
two-pholonQccitationmkr〔〕scope.ASHGfemtoseconds()1id-statelaser(pulsewidth:350R,repetition:2.85GHz)isusedasa(3)(citationlightsource,andscannedthroughthesampleareausinggalvanometermirrors。
lnthisresearch,wechooseZnocrystalasasampleforobservation.BandgapofZnOis3.37evandwavelengthseqtl沁alenttothisbandgapenergyis368.9nm。
Figure3showsresultsofobservationofZnO(;rystaltothedepthof10μminside.Weu刄,hievedthreedimensionalimagingofZno(;rystal,whichemitslumirlescenceinanultravioletregion.Theexcitationregionislimitednearthefbcalpointbytwo-photon
processes,andwecouldalsoobservetheoutline()fintemaldefbctsofacrystal。
Figure4showscomparisonofcross-stl(;tionalpromeofthemarkedpositioninFig.3.1naportionwithalowqualitycrystal,adecreaseinlurninotlsemciencyo(;curs.ltisthoughtofasanintemaldefbctexistsinthe
portionwhichislowintensitycomparedtothecrystalsurface.
Samplc
皿 -()iectiveL4ns
NA0.85,x40
ロ コPMT
Bcam
Expandcr
I . 1 1 1
/S110rl-PassFiltcr
(~450nm)
NDFiher
SHGFcmtosccondS()lid・StateLjscr
λ=521nm
Galvanometer
Mirror
ム こ
λ に
Figure3.ResultorlheobservationofZno
吊m叩m 1叩m
Fjgure2.Thee)cperimenlalsctupoflwo-
photonexcitationrTlk;roscope
||
Dichroic
Mirror
18
1.2
1一
回0.8a一IUn
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
}ノ 溥 幕 矢
ジ ー 六 大
- O F l m
一一-10μm
0 5 1 0
Length[μm]
Figure4.Comparisonofcross-sectionalproflle
4.Colclusion
Weintroduced521nmSHGfemtoseconds()lid-statelaserfbr(3xcitationlightsource,andachievedthreedimensionalobservationofZnocrystalwhichemitslightinultravioletregion.Wearetrytoextendourtechniquetoobserveotherwidegapsemiconductors,suchasGaNandSiC.Wealsotrytilleうtspectralinfbrmationinordertoi(lentifythedefbctsorigins..
Reference
川S,Yamazoeeta1・,0皿Lett.,vo1.35,N0.5,plλ748-750,2010.
[2]T.Kasamatsuetal・,IWHM&D2009paper4F-1
-
○-05
’7『rackingServoMethodusingPre-patternsforHOlographicDataStorage
Sun11-YongLim,Hyunse()kYang゙ ,Kyoung-SuPark,No-CheolPark,andYoung-Pi1Park
D111)EIrtmentofMechanicalEngineerinlyyonseiuniv・,262Seorlgsanno,Se()daemun-Gu,Seoul,KoreaTEL&FAX:+82-2-2123-2824*e-mail:11町ang@yonsliLac.k「
Abstract
IF゙ age-orientedholographicdata就()rage(HDS)isverysnsitivetothedistul` banceswhichllffectthepositionofthergordingmedia.7rherefore,morer)recisetrackingservoisl` equiredfol’1’!1(;ordingprocessanditisalsoessentialforhighdensiりぐrherefore,comμ11sationmethodwhichisesentialforthel’ecordingprocessisneededinHDS.lnthispaper,wesu霜曇stsome
pre-pattemfortrackingservoinl’ecordin1四宍)cess.ThismethodwasmotivatedbythetrackingservomethodinHardDiskDrive.Fordesigningthepattemshape,HDS(;hal’actel゙ isticswere(l{}nsidered.Secondly,thetrackerr()1゙ signalswereanalyzed.Lastly,intervalsofthepre-pattemscollsideringtracktolerancewere(kermined.
1.1ntroduction
Pag11-orientedHolographicDataStorage
(HDS)isoneofthemostpromisingcandidatesfornext-容nerationst()ragesl:)e(;lluseofhighdensity,highdatatransfbrrateandshortaccesstime.ltslargeMorage(;ε11)acityisachievedbymukiplexingscheme.Theifilstdatatransferratecanbel・ealizedfi` omitsstorageinpag{lunits.Theone-pageunitcanincludemorethanonemillionbits,sothedatatransfbrratecanbefllsterthanconv(・ntionalopticalDiscDrive(ODD)[1].However,theconventionaloff・axisHDShassomedisadvantagesofconstructingtrackingservomechanismsystemjnlerefore,variouscompensationmethodsconsideredfortheHDScharacteristicshavebeenproposed.Thepreviousresearchesforde-trackcompensationhavelimitationsothattheyareonlyavailableforretrievalprocess.’I’herefore,wesuggestsomepre-pattemfor
trackingservoinl’ecordingl:)rocess.Themethodl)1゛()posedinthis芦perwasmotivatedbythet警kingservomethodinHardDiskDrive(HDD).lndecision
pa` ametersforproposedmethod,resultsf1°omtoleranceanalysisbyl㎡)haseCooperatewerereferred[2].
2.Pre-patternsDesign
Theeccentricityofthedisccanbe
19
regardedasam耐oreflbctformthetrackerrorinth{1ミl-H:}S.0thersde-tracksourceslikedeviationandunbalanceofdisccannotllffecttrackerror.Because,readingandre(;ordingl)1°ocessesareconductedwithstop-gorotationmechanism。
Typicalsizeoffocusedservobeamfortrackingservoisinafbwμz71units.lnsimulations,focusedbeamsizeis2.75μ扉.However,theHDSdischasmuchbiggertrackpitchthanfocusedservobeamspotbecausesizeofmultiplexedhololgramspot(kerminedbypolytopicfilterisabout600芦77.Tosolvethisproblem,discformattingandproposedpattemsdesigningwillbemadeasfollowingprocedure.Firstofall,datazoneandservopattemsareplacedinthedisc,assllowninFig.1(a).Datatracksareincludedinthedatazone.Thedatabetweenservopattemsisl゛ecordedsequentiany.Thedataovell‘lapisavailableduetopolytopicmultiplexing[31,asshowninFig.1(b).Adiagonalpattemislocatedbetweentwostraightpattems,asshowninFig.1(c).PMtemsmustbeabletol‘decttheincidentbeam。
1`heTrackErrorSignal(TES)is
1111neratedbytimedmFclrenceamongthethreerenectedbeamsn゙ omthepre-pattems.Afterdiscisinsertedoverataperedspindle,thediscisrotatedwithaconstantspeeduntildetectingoneTESsignalsset.AlthoughservobeamspotissignificantlysmaUerthan
-
thetrackpitch,linearTEScanbegerleratedbyusingμ’oposemethod.lnotherwords,thismethodh4sTESrangewhichcancoverthetrackpitch.Therenectedservobeams丘omthel:)attemsgneratetheTES,asshowninFig.2.Whenservobearncrossesthepattems,A,R,B,I:)eakstimesoftherenectedbeamsarel‘el)resentedas7:,/ら,7;.TESislleneratedaccordingtoEq.1。
:ZE;S’=(7;,-7;,)-(7;べ,)(1)
QuantifledTESduetotheslountofeccentricityandl’otationangleofdiscisanalyzed.Firstofan,parEmletersforanalysis,whereeisamountofde-track,δisamountofe(;centricity,り,isdistancefi’omcenterofsl)indletooriginalbeamspot,Qisdistancefi・omcenterofec(;entricitydisctorotatedbeElmspot,andr’isdiぬmcef1°omcenterofe・c(;entricitydisctorol:atedbeamspotandθisanglebetweenQandら・
Basedonthesepllal’neters,de-trackcanbい¥rittenasEq.2.Beanlspotisonthediscwhichisらfi’omcenterofspindlesothatthe
l)roperdatarecordingandretrievalprocessispossible.Howeveらafterthediscisr()tatedinθforotherdata,distancebetweenspindleandbeamspotischangedasr’,asshowninFig.3.Therefore,ドーらlcanbedefinedasde-track.
川一ド=e
(y’=(Qcosθ+δ)2+(Qsiilθ)2,Q=らーダ)(2)
ThroughtheEq.2,itiscertainthat
l:sroperintervalangleofservotrackis∂=30・withδ=100z,。{lccentricityand25zj摺de-tracktokrance.
tzldg
㈲
Fig.IProposedpre’patternanddiscformatting
20
s-
・/
A-
-/--/-
aボis&r.7177、
i ’
a
M H( C ) I S 、
Fig.2TESduetodirectionofthetrackerrorS
Θce幽afsiizde
@g:;,血z・recceiiyifitydiz
@8eagt
I;` i11.3Analy818ofTESduetorotationofdiscwitheccentricity
3.Conclusion
lnthispaper,anadaptivede-trackcompensationmethodforconventionalofモf:・axisHDSwasproposed.Thismethodhasanadvant顎啓thatitcanbeappliedtore(;ordingl)n:)cessdUfel’㎝tly丘ompreviousl゙ {lseal’ches.Therefore,thehighqualitydata
pagescanbereconstructed.Throughtheanalysisandsimulation,theproposedde-trackcompensationmethodwasverifiedthatitisenoughtocompensatede-track.
Reference
田Cou匍I・I.J・,PsaltisD.j;incerboxGT・,HolographicDataStorage,HclM{11berg,Germany(Springt・10000).
[2]AlanHoskins,BradSisson,FrisoSchlottau,EdelineFotheringham,KevinCurtis,“Tole17ancesofaPage-BasedHolographicDataStorageSystem”Proc.ofSPIEVol.6620.
[3]Ken勣ldersonandKevinCurtis,“POlytopicmultiplexing”,0PTICS
LETTERSハ4)1.29,N0.12/2004.
-
○-06
SurfacePlasmonResonanceinDeep-UVRegion
MasakazuKikawadal,AtsushiOno2・3,Wataru弛ami2・3,RentaroAkimotol,andM)shimasaKawatal・3*
lacultyofEnがneering,S111zuokauniversity,2Shizuokauniv.{:iRL・,3JST・CREST3-5-1Johoku,Naka,}{厦namatsu,Shizuoka432-8561,Japan
TEL&FAX:+8卜53-478-1076E-mail:kawataen.hiloka.゛
Abstract
WedemonMratedthesrfaceplasmonresollance(SPR)withde9-ultra-violet(Dt・q)-UV)region.WefoundthataluminumisgoodmaterialtoexciteSPRwithDeep-UVlightbycalculationsonrenectanceusingfiesnelequation.WealsodemonstratedtheexcitationofSPRinDeel)-UVregion.
1.1ntroduction
Therearemanystudiesonsurfilceplasmonresonance(SPR)anditsapplkationshavebeendevelopedinvariousl’ields[1].SPRhasmanyadvantages,suchasenhancementofdectricfieldinl:ensity,highsn血ivitytore丘activeindexchangeofsamplenearthemetalmr17ace.lnmanystudiesandlll)plicationsofSPR,visibleornear-infraredlightsourcehaveusedforex(;itationofSPR,1:)ecausegoldandsilverhaveverygood
propertiesinthatwavelengthregion.Fewstudieshavebeenl` eportedonthe{lx(;itationofSPRusingDeep-UVlight.Wel)resenttoexcitesurfilceplasmonusing
Deep-IJVlight.Deep-UVlighthashigher
photonenergythanthatofvisiblelight,soSPRwithDeep-UVlightopensmanyapplicationssuchasenhancementfluorescenceexcitation,nuorescentobservationofthenon-labeledbiologicalspecimens.lnthispaper,wedemonstratetheexcitationofSPRwithDeep-UVlight。
2.PI‘incipletoexciteSPR
WeexplaintheprincipleofSPR.Surface
plasmoncanbeexcitedwithaevanescentlightsatisfyingthedispersionrelationship・M41enwavenumbervectoroflongitudinalwaveandwavenumbervectorofpolarization
paralleltoincidenceplane.Becausedistributionofthef1・eeelectroninmetalcondensesparalleHnmrface.Equation(1)showsthepropagationconstantoflrfaceplasmon.
21
KspニぞへRI?i?iJE(1)
=糾疏既:侑廳脂配随?j皆i‾cRe【Em】+Esc匹’豆i∃i同JI
where(1)istheangularfi’equencyofsllrfllce
plasmon,ssisthedielectricconstantoftheぷelectricmaterials,andsmisthecomplexdiel{lctricconstantofthemetal,Here,imaginarypartofsmrepresentsdecayofsurfllceplasmon.lnordertoexciteSPR,weneedametalwithnegativerealpartandsmallimaginarydielectricconstant.I;゙ igurelshowsreall)artandimaがnarypartofthecomplexdielectri�