TRNG PTTH PHAN BI CHU CNG HC K 1 MN HA LP 11 2011- 2012 I. L thuyt Chng 1: S in li 1.Khi nim : Cht in li, S in li , cht in li mnh, cht in li yu. 2. a) Theo thuyt Areniut hy trnh by khi nim axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh? Mi khi nim cho 2 v d minh ha v vit pt in li? b) Theo thuyt Bronstet hy trnh by khi nim axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh? Mi khi nim cho 2 v d minh ha v vit pt in li? (NC) 3. ngha ca tch s ion ca nc? Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch ? 4.a) iu kin ca phn ng trao i ion xy ra? Mi iu kin cho 1 v d minh ha ? b) Trnh by qui lut ca phn ng thy phn mui? Mi trng hp cho 2 v d minh ha? (NC) Chng 2: Nit-photpho 1.Tnh cht ha hc ca N2, NH3, mui amoni, HNO3, P, H3PO4 .Vit cc pt minh ha. 2. Phng php iu ch N2, NH3, mui amoni, HNO3, P, H3PO4 trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip? Vit phng trnh minh ha( ghi r iu kin phn ng xy ra)? 3.a) Trnh by qui lut ca phn ng nhit phn mui nitrat? b) Hy vit pthh nhit phn cc mui sau: NH4Cl; NH4HCO3; (NH4)2CO3 ; NH4NO2; NH4NO3; Cu(NO3)2; KNO3; Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 4.a) Trnh by cch nhn bit ion NH4+ v PO43- trong dung dch. Nu hin tng quan st v vit pt p? b) Trnh by cch nhn bit ion NO3- trong dung dch. Nu hin tng quan st v vit pt p?(NC) Chng 3: Cacbon-silic 1. Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cacbon, hp cht ca cacbon ,silic v cc hp cht ca silic. Vit cc pthh minh ha? 2. Phng php iu ch CO2, Si trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip? Vit phng trnh minh ha( ghi r iu kin phn ng xy ra)? 3.a) Vit pthh nhit phn cc cht sau: NaHCO3 (rn); dd Ca(HCO3)2; bt Ca(HCO3)2; MgCO3; H2SiO3? b) Cho cc axit sau H2CO3, H2SiO3 v HCl, sp xp cc axit theo chiu tng dn tnh axit, vit PTP minh ha? II-MT S DNG BI TP THAM KHO Chng 1. Cu 1: a) Th nao la cht in li? b) Cho cac cht sau: HNO3, Na3PO4, NH3, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, H3PO4, [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (nng cao).Hay sp xp chung vao 2 nhom cht in li manh va cht in li yu.Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht. Cu 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v dng ion thu gn: 1. Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 long 2. Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 4. NaHCO3 + NaOH 5. FeSO4 + NaOH 7. CuO +H2SO4 8. CuCl2 + KOH 10. Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 11. Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 13. Cu + HNO3 .....+ NO+... 14. Al + HNO3....+N2+.... 16) Al(OH)3 + NaOH 17) KHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d Cu 3: Vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phng trnh ion sau: 2+ 2 2+ a) Pb + SO4 PbSO4 b) Mg + OH Mg (OH ) 2+ d) NH 4 + OH NH3 + H2 O

3. NaHCO3 + HCl 6. K2CO3 + HCl 9. SO2 +2NaOH 12. Al + H2SO4(l) 15. Na2SO3 + H2SO4 18. Zn(OH)2 + NaOH2 + c) S + 2 H H 2 S

+ 2+ e) 2 H 3O + Mg (OH )2 Mg + 4 H2 O (NC)

2+ 3 f) 3Ca + 2 PO4 Ca3 ( PO4 )2 Cu 4. Trn ln 50ml dung dch NaOH 5M vi 200ml dung dch HCl 30% (D= 1,25 g/ml). Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c? Cu 5. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau khi :( cc cht phn li hon ton) a) Thm 900ml nc vo 100ml dung dch A c pH = 9 .

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b) Trn 40ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25M vi 60ml NaOH 0,5M. c) Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca dd HCl 0,2M v dung dch H2SO4 0,1M c dung dch X. Cu 6 (NC). 1. Nng ion H+ trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 mol/l l 0,0013 mol/l. Tnh in li ca axit nng . 2. Mt dung dich axit yu c nng 0,1M c in ly l 5,75%. Tnh gi tr Ka ca axit . 3. Cho Dung dch CH3COOH 0,01M c in li =1%. Tnh Ka v pH ca dung dch axit ny Cu 7(NC) Cho cc dung dch NaCl, Na2CO3, NH4Cl, C6H5ONa, K2S, Na2SO4, HCl; CH3COONa dung dch no c pH= 7, pH < 7, pH> 7? Gii thch . Cu 8. Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo 500 ml dung dch ZnSO4 1M, hy xc nh gi tr ca V trong cc trng hp sau y: a) To kt ta cc i. b) To 19,8 gam kt ta. c) Gi tr t nht ca V khng thu c kt ta. Cu 9: Trn ln 200 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,02M vi 300 ml dd NaOH 0,01M thu c dd A a. b. Tnh nng mol/lt cc ion v pH ca dd A Tnh th tch dd HCl 0,01M cn thm vo trung ha dd A

Cu 10: Dung dch A cha H2SO4 0,02M v HCl 0,06M. a) Tnh pH ca dung dch A . b).Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M trung ha 200ml dung dch A. Chng 2. Dng 1: Vit pthh v nu hin tng? 1. Nh phenolphtalein vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau cho t t 200 ml dd HCl 1 M vo. 2.Nh t t n d dung dch NaOH v dung dch AlCl3. 3. Cho mu ng vo dd HNO3 c, un nng. 4. Nh NaOH vo dung dch NH4NO3, un nng 5. Cho bt lu hunh vo dung dch HNO3 c nng Sau thm tip dung dch Ba(NO3)2 vo . Dng 2 Nhn bit dung dch cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc. a. NH3, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. c.NH4NO3, NaNO3, FeCl3, Na2SO4. b. NH4NO3, NaCl, FeCl3, (NH4)2SO4. d.Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Na3PO4 Dng 3: Hon thnh s phn ng 1/ NH4Cl 1 NH3 2 N2 3 NO 4 NO2 5 HNO3 5 Fe(NO3)3 7 Fe2O3 2/ Amoni nitrit 1 Nit 2 Amoniac 3 Nito mono oxxit 4 Nito ioxit 5 Axit nitric 6 NH4NO2 N2 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 Kh hiroclorua NH4Cl 3/ Canxi photphat 1 Photpho 2 iphotpho pentaoxit 3 Axit photphoric 4 Amoni photphat Ca3(PO4)2 P P2O5 H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4 1 4/ Photpho Photphopentaoxit Axit photphoric Amoni photphat Natri photphat Bc photphat P P2O5 H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4 Na3PO4 Ag3PO4 4 Amoni sunfat (NH4)2SO4 5/ Amoni hirocabonat 1 Amoni clorua 2 Amoni nitrat 3 init oxit 5 NH4HCO3 NH4Cl NH4NO3 N2O Kh hiroclorua NH4Cl

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6/ Cacbon ioxit 1 Canxi hirocacbonat 2 Canxi cacbonat 3 Canxi hirocacbonat 4 6

Canxi nitrat 5 Canxi cacbonat

Natri hirocacbonat 7 Natri cacbonat Dng 4: Bi tp phtpho v cc hp cht ca phtpho. 1.t chy hon ton 6,2g photpho trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 32% to ra mui Na2HPO4. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch NaOH dng. c) Tnh nng % ca mui trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng . 2. Trn 700ml dung dch KOH 0,2M vi 500ml dung dch H3PO4 0,2M thu c m gam mui hirophotphat. Tnh m. 3.Khi ha tan 260g mt kim loi M trong HNO3 long thu c mui nitrat kim loi ha tr 2 v mt mui X. Khi un nng hn hp 2 mui vi Ca(OH)2 , thu c kh A. Khi tc dng vi H3PO4, kh A ny to nn 66g mui mono hidrophotphat. a) Xc nh M. b) Nu nung ring lng mui nitrat kim loi s thu c bao nhiu ml kh ( ktc). Dng 5: Bi tp Nit v cc hp cht ca nit Cu 1. Cho 0.448 lt kh N2 v 0.672 lt kh H2 vo bnh kn c xc tc thch hp ri un nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cc kh o iu kin chun A. Tnh V cc kh ( kc) thu c sau phn ng.Bit Hiu sut 25% B. t chy hon ton lng kh thu c bng khng kh iu kin thng. Tnh V kk dng. Bit oxi chim 20% khng kh Cu 2. Dn 1,344 lit NH3 vo bnh cha 0,672 lit kh Clo (cc kh o ktc). a) Tnh % V hn hp kh sau phn ng ? b) tnh khi lng mui amoni clorua thu c? Cu 3. Cho dung dch NH3 (d) vo 20ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3, lc ly kt ta v cho vo 10ml dung dch NaOH 2M th tan ht. a) Vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra di dng phn t v ion rt gn. b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc ion Al3+ , SO42 v ca Al2(SO4)3 trong dung dch. Cu 4 Ho tan hon ton m gam ng vo lng va 80 ml dd HNO3 long nng 1M, thy thot ra V lt kh ( kc) v dung dch B A. Tnh gi tr m v V B. C cn hon ton dung dich B th thu c bao nhiu gam mui C. Nhit phn ton ton lng mui ny th thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh gi tr m Cu 5: Cho 11g hn hp Al, Fe tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lit kh NO(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch A. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b. Tnh nng mol/lit dung dch HNO3 cn dng. c. Nung nng dung dch A n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. Cu 6 . Ha tan hon ton 15,2g hn hp gm Cu v Fe bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 4,48 lt kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh (ktc) v dung dch D A. Tnh khi lng ca mi kim lai trong hn hp trn. B. C cn dng dch D. Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng C. Nhit phn hon ton lng mui thu c m gam cht rn B. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 99,6g hn hp gm Zn v FeO bng lng d dung dch HNO3 thu c 20,16 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht o kc). Tnh khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp. Cu 8: Cho 13.6g hn hp Mg, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c sau phn ng thu c 17,92 lit kh NO2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp cng hc k 1 3 Mn ha-khi11

Cu 9 :Ho tan hon ton 15,8g hn hp Fe v Al2O3 trong dung dch HNO3 2M (va ) thu c dung dch X v 2.24 lt kh NO (ktc) duy nht. a. Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M dng. c. Cho dung dch NaOH ti d vo dung dch X ri lc ly kt ta ra sch, sy kh, nung n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn? . Cu10 (NC) a) Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch N2 bng phn ng oxi ha kh gia NH3 v CuO un nng. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra cho bit vai tr mi cht trong phn ng. b) Thc hin phn ng vi 17,92 lt NH3 v 120 gam CuO. - Tnh th tch N2 iu ch c. - Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 , c nng 12% (D = 1,427g/ml) lm tan ht cht rn thu c sau phn ng. (Th tch cc cht kh ktc). Cu 11: Hn hp X c khi lng m gam gm Fe v Cu, chia m gam X thnh 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: cho tc dng vi axit HNO3 c ngui d thy thot ra 3,36 lit kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) - Phn 2: cho tc dng vi HNO3 c nng d thy thot ra 10,08 lit kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) a) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra. b) Tnh m. Cu 12:Nung nng (m )gam Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian ri dng li, lm ngui em cn thy khi lng gim 0.54 gam so vi ban u. Tnh khi lng mui b nhit phn? Cu 13. iu ch 5 tn axit nitric nng 60% cn dng bao nhiu tn NH 3. Bit s hao ht NH3 trong qu trnh sn xut l 3,8%. Cu14: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui thu c 0,896 lt mu nu kc. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl 10% thu c 0,672 lt kh kc. a.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b.Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl cn dng. Cu 15 : Cho 60 (g) hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 tc dng vi 3 lit dung dch HNO3 1M thu c 13,44 lt NO ( ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u. b)Tm nng mol/lt cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng. Chng 3: Bi ton v C v hp cht ca cacbon. Cu 1: Hon thnh s phn ng a. CO2 1 C CO CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 b. CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 C CO CO2 Cu 2: Dn t t n ht 3,36 lt kh CO2 ( kc) vo 200 ml dd NaOH 1M. thu c nhng loi mui no tnh khi lng ca chng Cu 3: Nung 52,65 gam CaCO3 1000oC ri dn ton b lng kh thot ra hp th vo 500 ml dd Ca(OH)2 1,8M A. Tnh th tch kh thot ra iu kin chun B. Tnh lng mui thu c sau phn ng Cu4: Cho hn hp 20,6 gam CaCO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng va vi 200 ml dd H2SO4 long cha bit nng thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO2 (kc) A. Vit pthh, tnh nng H2SO4 dng B. Tnh khi lng mui thu c Cu5: Sc kh CO2 (kc) vo 200ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 2M th thu c 30g kt ta. Tnh th tch kh CO2 tham gia phn ng. Cu 6.Cho 0,15mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m. cng hc k 1 4 Mn ha-khi11

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