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Backward Design

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ISBN 978-974-18-5835-4

31/1210200

.022229394 0222253712FAX 022256556 022256557email:[email protected]

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4.2.6/1,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1 .6/6

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.9

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3

. 6 1 91

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3

2.

3

1.

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3

2./

3.9

9

3

/ (P)

(A)

5.

6.

7.

1 1.45 = 1.175 = 12 4.7+5 = 5 7 2.7+2 = 2+7 5.355 = 5 3. 6 5 = 56 6.10+5 = 5+6+7

92 . 6 1

1,2,34,5,6 1,2,34,5,6 2.

2 1.45 5 2. 2 6=34 2+5=5+2 444=400+40+4 3. 4. / 61( )

3 1.3445 2. 3.9 / 6 1 ()

4

. 6 1 93

5 =

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 9 / 6 1 () 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

94 . 6 1

13

6 1 2 3

1.

2.

4.2.6/1,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1 .6/6

3.

1. 1(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 10

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. 6 1 95

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(A)

5.

1. 2.

6.

7.

1 1. 2. 45

1.

/

3

2./

3.10

10

3

96 . 6 1

2 1. 1.17X = 12 4.W+5= 27 2.7+T = 2+7 5. 5 = 5 3. J 5 = 60 6. K+5 = 5+6+7

2. 3./ 61( ) 4.34 4+15 = 19 20 4+15+20 = 19+20 39 = 39 +25 = 60 25 +2525 = 6025 = 35 5. 10+3 = (8+2)+3 104 = (8+2)4 5 10 = 5(8+2) 10 2 = (8+2) 2

. 6 1 97

3 1.10 /61 () 2. 23

4

1. 2. 3.

5 ()

8. +,,,

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1. 2. 3. 4.

98 . 6 1

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

. 6 1 99

14

6 1 2 3

1.

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4.2.6/1,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1 .6/6

3.

1. 1(K)

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4.

(K)

1.

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2.11

11 3

100 . 6 1

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(A)

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7.

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3. 11

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. 6 1 101

10+3 = (8+2)+3 104 = (8+2)4 5 10 = 5(8+2) 10 2 = (8+2) 2

23 2.

2 1. +45 = 63 45 +4545 = 6345 = 18

74 = 13 74 74+74 = 13+74 = 87 23 2. n 9 = 72 9 n 99 =

729

n = 8

n9 = 12 9

n 99 =12 9 n =108

102 . 6 1

23 3. 4. /61( ) 5.34

3 1.34 2. 2 3. 11 / 61( )

4

1. 2.

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1.

. 6 1 103

2.11/ 61( ) 3. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

104 . 6 1

15

6 1 2 3

1.

2.

4.2.6/1,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1 .6/6

3.

1. (K) 2.(K) 3.(A) 4.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.12

12

3

3.

75%

4. 50%

. 6 1 105

1.

3

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3

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(A)

5.

1. 2.

6.

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3

2./

3.12

12

3

4.

3

3

106 . 6 1

7. 1 1. 2. +, , , 1

2 1.

...........................................................................................................

15+23=38...................................................M63=138N+20=30

2 2.34 3. 1) 4) 2) 5) 3) 6) 4. / 61( ) 5.34

. 6 1 107

3 1.34 2. 1 23 3.12/ 61( )

4

5 1. 2.2210

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 4. 12 / 61( ) 5. / 61()

1. 2.

108 . 6 1

3. 4.

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

18

(...)

(...)

3

1. 2. 3. 4. (...)5. (...)6.

/ 1. 2. 3. 4. (...) 5. (...) 6. 7. 3 8. 9. 10. 11.

/1. 2. 3. - 4.

1. 2. 3.

110 . 6 1

3

. 6 1 111

1

1. ( 1.2 . 6/2)2. ... ... ( 1.4 . 6/2)3. ( 6.1 . 6/1)4. ( 6.1 . 6/2) 5. ( 6.1 . 6/3)6. ( 6.1 . 6/4)7. ( 6.1 . 6/5)

...

...1. 2. 1 3. 4.

/ ...1. 2. 3. 4.

112 . 6 1

...5. ...6. ... ...

2

1. 1. 2. 3. 4. (...) 5. (...) 6. 7. 3 8. 9. 10. 11.

2.

2.1 1) 2) 3) / 4) 5) /

2.2 1) 2) 3) / 4) 5) /

. 6 1 113

3. 3.1 6 3.2 3.3

3

318 16 2

17 2

18 4

19 (...) 4

20 (...) 4

21 2

114 . 6 1

16

6 13 2

1.

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. (K) 2. (A) 3. (P)

4.

(K)

1.

2.

3

3. 16

16 3

. 6 1 115

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3

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3. 16

/(P)

(A)

5.

1. 2. 3.

6.

116 . 6 1

7.

1 1. 2. 3 10 10

2 1.

5 20 5 20 4 21 4 21 2. 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24 3 3 3. 2 21 7 = (7 21 7 21) 18 3 = (3 18 3 18) 50 6 = (6 50 6 50) 38 3 = (3 38 3 38) 49 5 = (5 49 5 49) 64 8 = (8 64 8 64) 36 4 = (4 36 4 36) 19 2 = (2 19 2 19) 29 7 = (9 27 9 27) 44 11 = (11 44 11 44)

1. 20 5 = 4 5 20 20 0 20 = (4 5) + 0

2. 21 4 = 5 4 21 20 1 21 = (4 5) + 1

. 6 1 117

4. / 6 1 ( ) 6.

3 1. 34 20 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 2, 3, 4 5 2. 3. 16 / 6 1 ( )

4

1. 2. 3.

5 1. 2. 3.

8. 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 4. / 6 1 ( ) 5. 16 / 6 1 ( )

118 . 6 1

1. 2. VCD 3. 4. 5.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 119

17

6 13 2

1.

1

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. (K) 2. (A) 3. (P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 17

17 3

120 . 6 1

1.

3

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/(P)

(A)

5.

1.

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. 6 1 121

7.

1 1. 2. 8 5 2 1 5 21 4 1, 3, 7 21 24 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 24 31 2 1 31 44 6 1, 2, 4, 11, 22 44 10 4 1, 2, 5 10 19 2 1 19 8 2

2 1. 1 5 2 1 5 21 4 1, 3, 7 21 24 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 24 31 2 1 31 44 6 1, 2, 4, 11, 22 44 10 4 1, 2, 5 10 75 6 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 75 19 2 1 19 2. / 6 1 ( ) 3. 34 21 21 4 1, 3, 7 21 1, 3, 7 21 21

122 . 6 1

4. 17 / 6 1 ( ) 5. 23

3 1. 34

3 = 4 = 5 =

2. 1 3 =

4

1. 2.

5 1

8. 1.

2.

3. 1100

. 6 1 123

9. / 1.

2.

3. 17 / 6 1 ( )

4. / 6 1 ( )

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

124 . 6 1

18

6 13 4

1.

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. (K) 2. (A) 3. (P)

4.

(K)

1.

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3

. 6 1 125

1.

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(A)

5.

1. 2. 3. 4.

6.

1.

/

3

2. /

3. 18

18

3

126 . 6 1

7.

1 1. 212 2. 2 2 12

1 6 4 56 9 4 49 7 5

2 24 8 7 36 7 7 35

2 1. 12 12 = 1 12 12 = 12 1 12 = 2 6 12 = 6 2 12 = 3 4 12 = 4 3 12 = 2 2 3 12 = 2 3 2 12 = 3 2 2

12 12 = 2 2 3 12 = 2 3 2 12 = 3 2 2 23 2. / 6 1 ( ) 3. 18 / 6 1 ( ) 4.

3 1. 4 2.

. 6 1 127

4

1. 2. 3.

5

8.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 18 / 6 1 ( ) 4. / 6 1 ( )

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

128 . 6 1

19 (...)

6 13 4

1.

1. 2. ...

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. ... (K)

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4.

(K)

1.

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3

. 6 1 129

1.

3

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(A)

5.

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6.

... ... ... ... ... ...

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19 ( ...)

3

130 . 6 1

7.

1 1. 34 15 1, 3, 5 15 15 1, 3, 5 15 3, 5 15 2. 18 16 = 1 16 16 = 16 1 16 = 2 8 16 = 8 2 14 = 4 4 16 = 2 2 2 2

2 1. 12, 18 12 18 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 12 18 1, 2, 3, 6 1, 2, 3, 6 12 18 12, 18 6 12, 18 6 ... 12, 18 6 45 2. ... ... ... 24, 36 24 = 2 2 2 3 36 = 2 2 3 3

. 6 1 131

24, 36 ... 24, 36 2 2 3 = 12 1 24, 36 24, 36

2 24, 36 12, 18

2 1 24, 36 24, 36

2 24, 36

3 12, 18

2 4, 6

2, 3

3 2 24, 36 ... 24, 36 2 3 2 = 12 ... 23 3. (...) / 6 1 ( ) 4. 19 (...) / 6 1 ( )

3 1. ... ... 2. ... ...

4 1. 2.

132 . 6 1

5 ...

8. 1. 34 ... ... 2. ... 3. ...

9. / 1. ... 2. 19 (...) / 6 1 ( ) 3. / 6 1 ( )

1. 2. ... 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 133

20 (...)

6 13 4

1.

...

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. ... (K) 2. (A) 3. (P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 20 (...)

20 (...)

3

134 . 6 1

1.

3

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(A)

5.

6.

...

...

...

... ...

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7. 1 1. 34 2 4

1.

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2. / 3 . 20 (...)

20 (...)

3

. 6 1 135

2 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, ... 4 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, ... 2 4 45 2. 18 = 2 3 3 18 = 3 2 3 18 = 3 3 2 45

2 1. 4, 6 4 6 4 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, ... 6 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, ... 4 6 12, 24, 36, ... 12 4 6 12 4 6 12 ... 4 6 45 2. ... ... ... 6, 8 6 = 2 3 8 = 2 2 2 ... 6, 8 2 3 2 2 = 24 1 6 8 2 (2 6 3 2 8 4) 2 6, 8 3, 4

136 . 6 1

2 3 4 6 = 2 3 8 = 2 4 3 3 4 ... 6, 8 2 3 4 = 24 2 6 8 1 ... 23 3. (...) / 6 1 ( ) 4. 20 (...) / 6 1 ( )

3 1. ... ... 2. ... ... 3. ...

4 1. 2.

5 ...

8. 1. 34 ... ... 2. ... 3. ...

. 6 1 137

9. / 1. ... 2. 3. 20 (...) / 6 1 ( ) 4. / 6 1 ( )

1. 2. 3. ... 4. 5.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

138 . 6 1

21

6 13 2

1.

... ...

2.

1.2 . 6/2, 1.4 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/1, 6.1 . 6/2, 6.1 . 6/3, 6.1 . 6/4, 6.1 . 6/5

3.

1. ... ... (K) 2. (P) 3. (A)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 21

21

3

3.

75%

4. 50%

. 6 1 139

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

1. ... 2. ...

6.

... ...

... ...

... ...

... ...

... ...

1.

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3

2. /

140 . 6 1

7.

1 1. 34 ... ... ... ... ... 12 20 4 ... 12 20 60 12 20 = 4 60 240 = 240 45 ... ... 2.

8 20 24

3.

2 1. 34 ... ... / 6 1 34 2. ... ... / 6 1 ( ) ... ... 3. ... ... ... ... / 6 1 ( )

. 6 1 141

3 21 / 6 1 ( )

4 1. 2.

5 ... ... 3 10 10

8. 1. ... ... 2. ... ...

9. / 1. ... ... 2. 21 / 6 1 ( ) 3. / 6 1 ( )

1. 2. 3. ... ... 4. 5.

142 . 6 1

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

1. 2. 3. 4.

/ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4 6. 7. 8. 9.

/1. 2. 3.- 4.

1. 2. 3.

144 . 6 1

4

. 6 1 145

1

1.(3.1.6/3)2.(6.1.6/1)3. (6.1.6/2)4.(6.1.6/3)5. (6.1.6/4)6.(6.1.6/5)

...

...1.2. 180 3. 180

/ ...1.2. 3. 4.

146 . 6 1

4.

2

1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 46. 7. 8. 9.

2.

2.11) 2)3)/4)5)/

2.21) 2) 3)/ 4) 5)/

3.3.16 3.2 3.3

. 6 1 147

3

4522 1

23 1

24 1

25 2

148 . 6 1

22

614 1

1.

1. 2.

2. 3.16/3,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

2.

3

3. 22

22

3

. 6 1 149

1.

3

2.

3

1.

/

3

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3. 22

22

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(A)

5.

6.

7.

1 1.4810 2. 34 2

150 . 6 1

2 1. 34 2. 3.

1 2

3 4

62

118

y+10

x+2

5 6

7 8

14 58 23 67

4.xy 5.

3 1. 2.2 3. 4.22/ 61( )

4 1. 2. 3. 180

. 6 1 151

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 4. / 61() 5.22/ 6 1 ( )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

10.

1. 2. /3. 4. /

152 . 6 1

23

614 1

1.

180

2.

3.1.6/3,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1. (K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 23

23

3

. 6 1 153

1.

3

2.

3

1.

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3

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23

3

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(A)

5.

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6.

7.

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

1 1. 2

154 . 6 1

2.5

1)15 ( ) 2) 2 6 ( ) 3) 3 7 ( ) 4)84 ( )

2 1. 34 11 1, 2, 3, 4 1 3 2 4 1,2,3,413 2 4 2. 3. 180 12

3 1. 2.2 3.

21 3 4

56

87

1 2

3 4

. 6 1 155

4. 23 / 61()

4 1. 180 2. 3.

5 180

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 23 /6 1() 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

156 . 6 1

10.

1. 2. /3. 4. /

. 6 1 157

24

614 1

1.

180

2.

3.1.6/3,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

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2. 24

24

3

158 . 6 1

5.

1. 2.

6.

7.

1 x,y,z 10

1.

3

2.

3

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(A)

1.

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3

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3. 24

24

3

65

z+ 5

y+5

x

. 6 1 159

2 1. 2 180 2. 1 1

3 1. 2./ 61( ) 3. 4.24/ 61( )

4 1.180 2. 3.

5 1. 2. 180

65 b+35

c10 a

b

120a

45

160 . 6 1

8. 1.

2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 4.2030 5. 24 / 61( ) 6. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

10.

1. 2. /3. 4. /

. 6 1 161

25

614 2

1.

2.

3.1.6/3,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 25

25

3

3.

75%

4. 50%

162 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

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(A)

5.

1. 2.

6.

7. 1 1.10

1.

/

3

2. /

3.

3

3

4. 25

25

3

kvu

t sr q

p o

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f

b

e

ch

dg

P

BA

P Q

BA

P Q

BA

A

C60 B

. 6 1 163

2 P Q ABQ ABP

3 PQ PQ AB

2) ABC 60 () ADBC

2 1. 34 2. 1) P AB PAB 1 AB P

164 . 6 1

1A60 ADBAD=60

AD

C

60

B

A D

C

120

60 B

2 A120AD BAD=120

3.

3 1. 2. 3. 25 /6 1() 4.4810

4 1.180 2. 3. 4.

5

. 6 1 165

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 25 /61 () 3. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. /3. 4. /

. 6 1 167

1. 2. 3.4.5.6.7.8.

/1. 2. 3.- 4.

1. 2. 3.

/ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 510. 11. 12. 13.

5

168 . 6 1

1

1.(1.1.6/2)2.(1.2.6/1)3.(1.2.6/2)4.(6.1.6/1)5.(6.1.6/2)6.(6.1.6/3)7.(6.1.6/4)8.(6.1.6/5)

...... ...

...1.2.3.

/...1.2.3.4.

. 6 1 169

4. 5.6.7.28.

2

1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.510.11.12.13.

170 . 6 1

2.

2.11) 2)3)/4)5)/

2.2 1) 2) 3)/ 4) 5)/

3.3.16 3.2 3.3

3

522

26 4

27 1

28 3

29 3

30 2

31 3

32 3

33 3

. 6 1 171

26

6 15

4

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3, 6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(K) 3.(A) 4.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

2.

3

3.2627

26 27

3

172 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

1.

/

3

2./

3.2627

26 27

3

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(A)

5.

1. 2. 3.

6.

. 6 1 173

7.

1 1.85 2. 34

2 3 6 12 ,

23, 5

6

12

12

23

34

24

48

2 1.

2. 2

8, 4

8, 6

8 2

6, 6

8, 6

10

3. 4.

1 32

12

< 23

< 34

174 . 6 1

5. 1)

14

44

= 416

68

22

= 34

14

= 416

68

= 34

2)...

23 5

6...366

23

= 2 23 2

= 46 5

6 4

6 < 5

6

2

3 5

6 26=123x5=15

2 6 < 3 5 23

< 56

6. ...

13 3

9, 5

6 5

5, 4

7 8

14

3 1. 2. 3. 26 27 / 61()

4 1. 2.

5 ...

. 6 1 175

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 4. / 61() 5. 26 27 / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

176 . 6 1

27

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.28

28

3

6 15

1

. 6 1 177

1.

3

2.

3

1.

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3

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3. 28

28

3

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(A)

5.

6.

7. 1 1

2

178 . 6 1

2 1.

12

24

48

2. 2

3, 715

,1130

...3,153030

23

= 2 103 10

= 2030

715 = 7 215 2

= 1430 1130

23, 7

15,11

30

1130

, 715

, 23

3.

3 1.... 2. 28 / 6 1 ()

......

12

23

. 6 1 179

4 1. 2.

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1.2030 2. 3. 28 / 61( ) 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

180 . 6 1

28

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.29

29

3

6 15

3

. 6 1 181

5.

1. 2. 3.

6.

7.

1 1. 11

30, 7

15, 2

3, 1

2

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

1.

/

3

2./

3.29

29

3

182 . 6 1

2. 4

2 1. 1)3 1 ...

7290

...729018

7290

= 72 1890 18 =

45

2 1

1620

1624

= 1624

(4)

46 = 4

6 = 2

3(2)

3 4

20

420

= 4 14 5 =

44 1

5 = 1

5

2) ...

35 + 3

10

35 + 3

10 =

3 25 2 +

310

= 610

+ 310

= 6 + 310

= 910

4

2

3

6

. 6 1 183

3)

135 + 2

310 =

85 +

2310

135 + 2

310=(1+2)+(

35 +

310 )

2.

310 +

310 =

610

3.

3 1. 2. 3. 29 / 6 1 ()

4 1. 2.

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2.

184 . 6 1

3. 29 / 61( ) 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 185

29

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1. (K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.30

30

3

6 15

3

186 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

6.

7. 1 1.......35,67,89,254 2. 4

1.

/

3

2./

3.30

30

3

. 6 1 187

2 1.343

12

3 1 13

56

2. 1. 3

12 3

2. 113

3. 56

3 12 (1

13 +

56 )=

...2,3,6 ...2,3,66

3 12 (1

13 +

56 ) = 3

12 (

43 +

56 )

= 3 12 (

4 23 2

+ 56)

= 72 13

6

= 7 32 3

+ 136

= 216

136

= 86 = 4

3 = 1 1

3

113

3.

3 1. 2. 30 / 61()

4 1. 2.

4

3

188 . 6 1

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2.3 3. 30 / 6 1 () 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 189

30

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 31

31

3

6 15

2

190 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

1. 2.

6.

1.

/

3

2./

3.31

31

3

. 6 1 191

7. 1

2 1.34 1

4

3 2.

14 +

14 +

14 = 3

14 =

34

3.1

2

4.

12 1

2 = 1

4

5.

3 25,12 1

4, 5

20 5

12,1

8 1

2

6.

520

512

= 520

512

= 5 1220 5 =

60100

= 35

51

4 31

2 = 21

4 7

2 = 21

4 2

7 = 3

2 = 1 1

2

14

13

13 =

1112

+ +

3 1

2 1

3

5

192 . 6 1

3 1. 2. 31 / 6 1 ()

4 1. 2.

5

8. 1.

2.

9. / 1. 2. 3.31/ 61( ) 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

. 6 1 193

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

194 . 6 1

31

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.32

32

3

6 15

3

. 6 1 195

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

1.

2.

6.

1.

/

3

2./

3.32

32

3

196 . 6 1

7.

1 1.

1)(14 5

8) 21

2 = 3)(52

4 3 6

8) 12

2 =

2)(114 3 6

8) 12

2 = 4)(52

4 3 6

8)(5

4 30

8)=

2.

2 1.611

2

2. 1. 6 2. 11

2

()

6 112 =

6

112

6 112=9

3. 4.81

2

212

5. 1. 171

2

2.212

()

. 6 1 197

1712 21

2 =

1712

212

1712 21

2 = 35

2 5

2

= 352

25

=7

6.2127

3 1. 2. 3. 32 /6 1()

4 1. 2.

5

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 3. 32 / 6 1 ()

17

11

198 . 6 1

4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 199

32

1.

2

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.33

33

3

6 15

3

200 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

6.

7.

1

1)(212 3 1

5)+ 2 1

5 = 3)(21

2 3 1

5) 2 1

5 =

2)(5 310

+ 3 15) 3

10 = 4)(5 3

10 3 1

5) 3

10 =

1.

/

3

2./

3.33

33

3

. 6 1 201

2 1.

( 310

110

) 38 +

58 =(

310

110

)(38 +

58 )

2.

( 310

110

) 38 +

58 =

210

38 +

58

= 340

+ 58

= 2840

( 310

110

)(38 +

58 ) =

210

88

= 15

( 310

110

) 38 +

58 (

310

110

)(38 +

58 )

( 310

110

) 38 +

58 = (

310

110

)(38 +

58 )

3. 34 1

(32 1

2)(3

8 +

58 )=

22

88 = 4

4 = 1

3 1. 2. 3.33 / 6 1 ()

4 1. 2.

5

41

41

4

1

1

5

44

202 . 6 1

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. 33 / 6 1 () 3. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 203

33

1.

2.

1.1.6/2,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1 .6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.34

34

3

3.

75%

4. 50%

6 15

3

204 . 6 1

1.

3

2.

3

/(P)

(A)

5.

6.

1.

/

3

2./

3.34

34

3

. 6 1 205

7.

1

1) (12 3

4) 5

3 = 3

4 (+,)

2) (59 1

3) 3

2 = 1

3 (,)

3) (12 1

2) 1

2 = 1

2 (+,)

2 1. 45 3 4

7

2.45

453

(453) 47 + 3 =

45

3 453 =42

3 47 42 =24

24+3=27

3. 4. 34

5.3 3421 3

4

206 . 6 1

6.

(3 3

4 1 3

4) 2 =

3 342

1 34

(3 34 1 3

4)2 =( 15

4 7

4) 2

= 84 2

= 12 2

=1 7.

3

34 /6 1()

4 1. 2.

5 1. 2.585

8. 1. 2.

1 12

1

1

. 6 1 207

9. / 1.3 2. 3.34 /61 () 4. / 61()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. / 3. 4. /

. 6 1 209

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.

/ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 6 13. 14. 15. 16.

/

1. 2. 3.- 4.

1. 2. 3.

6

210 . 6 1

1

1.(1.1.6/1) 2. (1.1.6/2) 3. (1.1.6/3) 4.(1.2.6/1)5. (1.2.6/2)6.(1.3.6/2)7.(6.1.6/1)8. (6.1.6/2)9.(6.1.6/3)10. (6.1.6/4)11.(6.1.6/5)

...

...1. 2.

1100.1

/ ...1.2.

. 6 1 211

11000.01

1

10000.001

3.4.11235.1,23101001,0006.1250.15237.8.9. 10.11.

3.4.

212 . 6 1

2

1. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. 10. 11. 12.6 13. 14. 15. 16.

2.

2.1 1) 2)3)/4) 5)/

2.2 1) 2) 3)/ 4) 5)/

3. 3.16 3.2 3.3

. 6 1 213

3

6 21

34 1

35 1

36 1

37 2

38 2

39 1

40 2

41 4

42 3

43

2

44 2

214 . 6 1

34

6 1 6

1

1.

2.

1.1.6/1,1.1.6/2,1.1.6/3,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,1.3.6/2, 6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

2.

3

3.35

35

3

. 6 1 215

1.

/

3

2./

3. 35

35

3

1.

3

2.

/ (P)

(A)

5.

1. 2. 3.

6.

216 . 6 1

7.

1 1. 6215 2.

2 1. 710 7

100.7

1.3

21100 21100 0.21 2 1

1.23 23

4201,000 420

10000.420

0.42 1,000 2341,000 0.234

. 6 1 217

95 1,000 0.095 10,000100,0001,000,000... 1,056 1,000,000 0.001056 2.

6.3

57.11

3.

3 1. 2.35 /6 1()

4 1. 2.

5

8. 1.

2.

9. / 1. 2. 3.

218 . 6 1

4.35 / 6 1()

1. 2. 3. 4.

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

. 6 1 219

35

6 1 6

1

1.

1100.1

1

1000.01

1

10000.001

2.

1.1.6/1,1.1.6/2,1.1.6/3,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,1.3.6/2, 6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.36

36

3

220 . 6 1

1.

/

3

2./

3. 36

36

3

1.

3

2.

3

/ (P)

(A)

5.

6.

7.

1 1. 13.09 49.52 25.099100,000 97.03310,000

. 6 1 221

2.

... ...

2 1.

321.321 3300 2 20 1 1 3 3

10 0.3

2 2100

0.02

1 11000

0.001

2. 70.009,153.412,57.54,1.7,0.27 3. 12 2 1 33 4 6 5 1

1,000 100 10 1 110 1

1001

1,000

32.200 12.456 154.12 32.365 36.554

50.365 29.020 36.584 25.369 14.120

72.365 46.003 91.146 32.366 249.020

36.714 101.01 101.02 38.330 483.920

10.025 44.445 36.214 38.330 79.560

222 . 6 1

3

1.

2. 36

/ 6 1

()

4

1.

2.

5

110

1100

11000

8. 1. 2.

9. / 1. 2. / 61() 3. 36 / 61( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

. 6 1 223

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

224 . 6 1

36

6 1 6

1

1.

2.

1.1.6/1,1.1.6/2,1.1.6/3,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,1.3.6/2, 6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(A) 3.(P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2.37

37

3

. 6 1 225

1.

/

3

2. /

3. 37

37

3

1.

3

2.

3

/ (P)

(A)

5.

6.

7.

1 1. 132,444,256,7,423 2. . (35.4)

226 . 6 1

100.065 376.08 59.18439.481 62.852 3.

... ...

2 1. 5,987.34 55,000 9900 880 77

33100.3

4 4100

0.04 5,987.34 5,987.34 = 5,000+900+80+7+0.3+0.04

= 5,000+900+80+7+ 310+4

100 = (51,000)+(9100)+(810)+(71) +(3 1

10)+(4 1

100)

2. 239.387,59.634,1,001.101 3. 59.78

5978...

. 6 1 227

3

1.

2.37

/ 6 1

()

4

1.

2.

5

8. 1.

2.

9. / 1.

2.

3.37/

61(

)

4./

61()

1.

2.

3.

4.

228 . 6 1

10.

1. 2. /3.4. /

. 6 1 229

37

6 1 6

2

1.

11 23

2.

1.1.6/1,1.1.6/2,1.1.6/3,1.2.6/1,1.2.6/2,1.3.6/2, 6.1.6/1,6.1.6/2,6.1.6/3,6.1.6/4,6.1.6/5

3.

1.(K) 2.(K) 3.(A) 4. (P)

4.

(K)

1.

3

2. 38 39

38- 39

3

230 . 6 1

1.

/

3

2./

3. 3838

38- 39

3

1.

3

2.

3

/ (P)

(A)

5.

1. 2.

6.

7.

1

. 6 1 231

15 2 2 33 44 54

2 1. 1) 2.561.652121 2.561.652.56>1.65 1.652.561.654.59 4.3574.362 5656 4.3571.4>1.3 0.10.20.20.3 0.1

11 51 01-0394 คู่มือครู...

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