1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage...

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1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008

Transcript of 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage...

Page 1: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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James M. RobertsResearch Fellow

Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008

Page 2: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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As 10 Liberdades Econômicas

1. Liberdade para Negócios

2. Liberdade de Comércio

3. Liberdade Fiscal

4. Tamanho do Governo

5. Liberdade Monetária

6. Liberdade de Investimento

7. Liberdade Financeira

8. Direito de Propriedade

9. Liberdade da Corrupção

10. Liberdade Trabalhista

Page 3: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Usuários do Índice

• Millennium Challenge Corporation – Fator de Liberdade Comercial

• Organizações Internacionais – World Bank, IMF, Inter- American Development Bank, etc. (Escore Total, Direito de Propriedade, Liberdade de Investimento, Liberdade da Corrupção)

• Firmas de Investimento – Mercado Emergente de Investimento • Imprensa (doméstica e estrangeira)• Criadores de Políticas (domésticas e estrangeiras) • Faculdades e Universidades ao Redor do Mundo• Editoras de Publicação

Page 4: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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O Índice Citado no “The Economist”(24 de janeiro de 2008)

Page 5: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Escritores Convidados para o Índice de 2008

• Chapter 2 – Carl Schramm, Presidente e Diretor Geral da Ewing Marion

Kauffman Foundation, realça o espírito empreendedor e a importância da “fluidez econômica” que sustenta/promove a inovação como um elemento crucial de liberdade econômica.

• Chapter 3 – Professor Stephen Parente, Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-

Champaign, registra a vital necessidade no sentido de demolir as barreiras que impedem uma atualização econômica, para que todas as economias possam ter a chance de florescer no século 21.

• Chapter 4 – Guy Sorman, autor e jornalista francês recorda as seis principais

características da globalização que desfrutamos atualmente, bem como as ameaças potenciais às mesmas, as quais devem ser seriamente consideradas.

Page 6: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Liberdade Econômica e Prosperidade

Fontes: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online, em publications.worldbank.org/subscriptions/WDI (assinatura requerida); Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2007, em www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html; International Monetary Fund, base de dados do World Economic Outlook, em www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/01/data/index.htm; e Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www.heritage.org/index..

$33,579

$26,630

$12,830

$4,316 $3,813

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

Free Mostly Free Moderately Free Mostly Unfree Repressed

Economic Freedom

GD

P p

er

Ca

pit

a (

PP

P)

Page 7: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Liberdade Econômica Aumenta o PIB Per Capita

Fontes: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online, em publications.worldbank.org/subscriptions/WDI (assinatura requerida); Central Intelligence Agency em www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html; International Monetary Fund, base de dados do World Economic Outlook 2007, em www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/01/data/index.htm; e Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www.heritage.org/index

$-

$15,000

$30,000

$45,000

20 35 50 65 80 95

2008 Economic Freedom Score

GDP per Capita in Purchasing Power Parity

Page 8: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Distribuição da Liberdade Econômica Global

7 Countries

23 Countries

51 Countries52 Countries

24 Countries

0

15

30

45

60

80–100.070–79.960–69.950–59.90–49.9

Cou

ntr

ies*

2008 Economic Freedom Score* 157 países foram Analizados.Fonte : Edwin J. Feulner, Kim R. Holmes, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2007), em www.heritage.org/index .

FreeMostly FreeModerately FreeMostly UnfreeRepressed

(15.3%)

(33.1%)(32.5%)

(14.6%)

(4.5%)

Page 9: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Índice das mais importantes Liberdades Econômicas de 2008• Na procura/busca de uma prosperidade sustentável, tanto as direções

da política quanto o comprometimento com a liberdade econômica são importantes.

Mudanças no Escore

• Top 3: As Maiores Mudanças nos Escores de Liberdade Econômica– Egito – ambiente de negócios e comércio, dinheiro estável e liberdade

financeira – Ilhas Maurício – reforma tributária acelerada, redução da corrupção,

ambiente de negócios em desenvolvimento– Mongólia – implementação de cortes fiscais e redução de gastos do

governo

• Bottom 3: As Mais Severas Reduções nos Escores de Liberdade Econômica– Guiana – aumento dramático dos gastos do governo – Bangladesh – liberdade trabalhista e direito de propriedade deteriorados– Venezuela – redução significativa da liberdade trabalhista e dos direitos

de propriedade

Page 10: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Quais Países Desfrutam de Liberdade Econômica?Top 10

1. Hong Kong 2. Cingapura3. Irlanda4. Austrália5. Estados Unidos6. Nova Zelândia7. Canadá8. Chile 9. Suíça10. Reino Unido

Bottom 10

157. Coréia do norte

156. Cuba 155. Zimbábue154. Líbia153. Birmânia152.

Turquemenistão151. Irã150. Bielorrússia149. Bangladesh148. Venezuela

Page 11: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Países na Encruzilhada (Escores de Liberdade Econômica entre 60 e 65*)

• Costa Rica (64.8) (FTA)• Panamá (FTA)• Malásia• Uganda• Portugal• Tailândia• Peru (FTA)• Albânia• África do sul• Jordânia• Bulgária• Arábia Saudita• Belize• Mongólia• Emirados Árabes Unidos • Itália

*Brasil 55.9

• Madagascar• Catar• Colômbia (FTA)• Romênia• Fiji• República do Quirguistão• Macedônia• Namíbia• Líbano• Turquia• Eslovênia• Cazaquistão• Paraguai• Guatemala (FTA)• Honduras (FTA)• Grécia (60.1)

Page 12: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Encruzilhadas nas Decisões Criticas a respeito das Políticas Que Aumentarão o PIB Per Capita

Fontes: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online, em publications.worldbank.org/subscriptions/WDI (assinatura requerida); Central Intelligence Agency em www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html; International Monetary Fund, base de dados do World Economic Outlook, 2007, em www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/01/data/index.htm; e Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www.heritage.org/index.

$-

$15,000

$30,000

$45,000

20 35 50 65 80 95

2008 Economic Freedom Score

GDP per Capita in Purchasing Power Parity Critical Junction

Page 13: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Quem está acima? Quem está abaixo?(Escore do Índice de 1995 = 100)

Fontes: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, disponível em http://hdr.undp.org/en/

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Argentina Brazil Chile

El Salvador Mexico Venezuela

Page 14: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Hemisfério Ocidental: Divergência em Liberdade Econômica

Fontes: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, disponivel em http://hdr.undp.org/en/ *Nota: Países do NAFTA (Estados Unidos, Canadá e México)

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

20082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

Index of Economic Freedom

North America Latin America

Aftermath of the

Mexican Peso Crisis

Hugo Boss?

*

Page 15: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Hugo Boss?

Page 16: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho Regional no Índice de 2008 • O escore médio global de liberdade econômica é 60.3. (mediano: 60.2)• A Europa tem o mais alto escore médio global de liberdade econômica,

enquanto a África Subsaariana tem o mais baixo.

58.7

66.8

61.5

58.7

54.5

60.27

58.6

66.4

61.9

58.2

54.8

60.24

50.0

60.0

70.0

Asia–Pacific Europe Americas Middle East/NorthAfrica

Sub-SaharanAfrica

World

2008 Index 2007 Index

Source: Edwin J. Feulner, Kim R. Holmes, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), at www.heritage.org/index.

*

*Nota: Incluindo Países membros da NAFTA (EUA, Canadá, e México)

Page 17: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Tópicos de Liberdade Econômica em Cada Região

Fontes: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www,heritage.org;

$31,365$30,511

$19,297

$7,718$9,316

$3,381$4,669

$6,257

$1,432

$24,888 (Without the US and

Canada $13,806)

$0

$7,000

$14,000

$21,000

$28,000

EUROPE ASIA AMERICAS NA AND ME SUB-SAHARA

Average GDP per Capita

(PPP US$)

5 FREEST 5 LEAST FREEMOST FREE

Page 18: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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América do Norte vs. América Latina?

Fontes: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner e Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation e Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), em www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, disponivel em http://hdr.undp.org/en/ Direitos de Propriedade e Corrupção: baixos escores na América Latina

25 50 75 100

2008 Score

Business

Trade

Fiscal

Gov't Size

Monetary

Investment

Financial

Property Rights

Corruption

Labor

North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico) Latin America

Page 19: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Liberdade Econômica nas Américas

Country Overall Business Trade Fiscal Gov't Monetary Investment FinancialProperty Rights

Corruption Labor

United States 80.6 91.7 86.8 68.3 59.8 83.7 80 80 90 73 92.3Canada 80.2 96.7 87 75.5 53.7 81.0 70 80 90 85 82.9Mexico 66.4 82.6 79 83.4 83.7 77.7 50 60 50 33 64.3Chile 79.8 67.5 82.2 78.1 88.2 78.8 80 70 90 73 90.0

Barbados 71.3 90.0 58.8 71.3 62.2 74.0 60 60 90 67 80.0Bahamas, The 71.1 80.0 32 96.2 86.4 76.3 40 70 80 70 80.0

Trinidad and Tobago 70.2 64.1 79 81.0 81.7 72.6 70 70 65 32 86.9El Salvador 69.2 58.6 76.6 83.4 88.7 76.8 70 70 50 40 78.0

Uruguay 68.1 59.8 83 85.9 76.6 74.2 60 30 70 64 77.3Jamaica 66.2 82.0 70.4 74.9 59.6 74.3 80 60 50 37 73.3

Costa Rica 64.8 59.7 81.8 82.9 87.4 67.9 70 40 50 41 66.8Panama 64.7 72.8 76.2 83.0 89.1 80.2 70 70 30 31 44.4

Peru 63.5 64.5 73.4 80.2 91.8 85.9 60 60 40 33 45.8Belize 62.8 76.3 64.6 69.3 74.8 77.3 50 50 50 35 80.9

Colombia 61.9 72.5 70.8 72.8 71.2 71.4 60 60 40 39 61.4Paraguay 60.5 57.6 78.4 96.6 90.8 76.6 50 60 35 26 34.2

Guatemala 60.5 54.1 78.4 79.9 95.9 72.9 50 50 30 26 67.9Honduras 60.2 59.5 78 84.5 82.6 73.7 50 60 30 25 59.0Nicaragua 60.0 56.4 79.2 79.0 77.6 70.6 70 50 25 26 65.7

Dominican Republic 58.5 62.2 73 80.4 88.8 69.3 50 40 30 28 63.6Brazil 55.9 53.6 70.8 68.6 55.5 75.7 50 40 50 33 61.9

Ecuador 55.4 58.1 67.6 86.4 82.3 74.1 40 50 30 23 42.4Argentina 55.1 63.2 69.6 70.5 80.9 65.0 50 40 30 29 52.9Suriname 53.9 41.7 65 68.0 72.8 69.2 30 30 50 30 82.1

Bolivia 53.2 58.6 79 87.8 68.1 76.5 20 60 25 27 30.5Guyana 49.4 56.4 65.8 67.3 16.0 73.9 40 40 40 25 69.1

Haiti 48.9 35.7 67 77.8 93.3 65.3 30 30 10 18 62.4Venezuela 45.0 51.4 59.6 74.5 79.7 60.6 20 40 10 23 35.8

Cuba 27.5 10 60.8 54.8 0 64.6 10 10 10 35 20AVERAGE 61.5 63.4 72.2 78.0 73.8 73.8 52.8 52.8 46.2 38.9 63.9

Page 20: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho do Chile no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica do Chile é 79.8

Page 21: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho de El Salvador no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica de El Salvador é 69.2

Page 22: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho do México no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica do México é 66.4

Page 23: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho da Argentina no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica da Argentina é 55.1

Page 24: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Argentina: Declining Economic Freedom

Sources: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), at www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/ *Note: NAFTA Countries (the U.S., Canada, and Mexico)

Aftermath of the

Mexican Peso Crisis

Hugo Boss?

**

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

20082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

Index of Economic Freedom

North America Argentina*

Page 25: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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North America vs. Argentina

Sources: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), at www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/ Property Rights and Corruption: lowest scores in Argentina

25 50 75 100

2008 Score

Business

Trade

Fiscal

Gov't Size

Monetary

Investment

Financial

Property Rights

Corruption

Labor

North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico) Argentina

Page 26: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho da Venezuela no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica da Venezuela é 45

Page 27: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Desempenho do Brasil no Índice

O Escore de Liberdade Econômica do Brasil é 55.9

Page 28: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Brazil: Divergence in Economic Freedom

Sources: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), at www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/ *Note: NAFTA Countries (the U.S., Canada, and Mexico)

Aftermath of the

Mexican Peso Crisis

Hugo Boss?

*

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

20082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

Index of Economic Freedom

North America Brazil*

Page 29: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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North America vs. Brazil

Sources: Kim R. Holmes, Edwin J. Feulner, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2008), at www,heritage.org; Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Program, available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/ Financial Freedom and Corruption: lowest scores in Brazil

25 50 75 100

2008 Score

Business

Trade

Fiscal

Gov't Size

Monetary

Investment

Financial

Property Rights

Corruption

Labor

North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico) Brazil

Page 30: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Para a Prosperidade e Crescimento ao Redor do Mundo

Quaisquer Perguntas/Comentários Serão Bem-Vindos!

Liberdade Econômica

Page 31: 1 James M. Roberts Research Fellow Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation Porto Alegre, Brazil, April 8, 2008.

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Continuing Index PartnershipOnline En Espanol at: http://www.heritage.org/index/