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Prokritikotha Edited by Muqeed Majumdar Babu Published 31 August 2013 Published by Riaz Khan Rodela Prokashani 11/1 Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100 E-mail: [email protected] Price : Tk. 350.00 US $ 10.00 ISBN : 978 984 90630 0 1 Code : 284

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†Kv÷MvW© PZ¡‡ii †KIov e‡b †eu‡P Av‡Q| wejywßi †`vi‡Mvovq evN, wPÎv nwiY, DjøyK, ivgwPZv ev †M‡Qv weovj, †mvbvwj weovj, fvjyK, c¨viv nwiY, AvmvgxR, Lv‡Uv‡jwR, D‡ëv‡jwR evbi, Pkgvciv nbygvb, bvKZv ev †euvPvnuvm, Kv‡jv wZwZi, ivRa‡bk, kKzb, L‡qwi wPj, CMj, j²x‡cuPv, gy‡Lvkciv cvwL ev wdbdzUmn BZ¨vw` cÖvYx| †jvbvcvwbi Kzwg‡ii k Lv‡bK bgybv †eu‡P Av‡Q †Kej my›ìe‡b| mviv †`‡ki †Kv‡bv b`x‡Z Nwoqv‡ji ¯’vbxq bgybv †bB| KL‡bv KL‡bv cv‡ki †`‡ki cÖRbb †K›`Ö †_‡K y-GKwU bgybv giv cÙv ev hgybvq nVvr K‡i †`Lv hvq| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, 1971 †_‡K 2012 ch©šÍ eb wefvM cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZ msiÿ‡Yi `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡iwb| d‡j Kz‡bve¨vO, Po–B, KvK, eyjeywj, †`v‡qj, wd‡O I Bu y‡ii g‡Zv cÖvYx Qvov †`‡ki evwK me cÖvYx wejyßcÖvq| eb wefv‡Mi AcwiKwíZ Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j †Kej †h eb¨cÖvYx nvwi‡q hv‡”Q Zv bq, eis my›ìeb ev‡` †`‡k Ggb †Kv‡bv kZ eQ‡ii cÖvK…wZK eb †bB, †hLv‡b kZ eQ‡ii eb¨cÖvYxi †`Lv wgj‡e| weªwUkiv lv‡Ui `k‡K hLb eb KvUv ev bZzb eb m„R‡bi cwiKíbv K‡i ZLb Zv wQj †`k‡K jy‡U †bIqvi Ask| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j †m cwiKíbv yB fv‡M fvM nq| eb KvUv I wfb‡`wk Mv‡Q †`k †Q‡q †djv| cvwK¯Ívwb eb msiÿY, hv eb I eb¨cÖvYx aŸs‡mi kvwgj Zv MÖnY K‡i ^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki eb wefvM| B`vbxs MÖvg-MÄ-K‡jvwb, evMv‡b wKsev e¨w³i ZË¡veav‡b hZ cvLcvLvwj Av‡Q Zvi †P‡q eb¨cÖvYxi msL¨v K‡g †M‡Q| Avi Gi KviY eb wefv‡Mi eb KvUv I †`wk-we‡`wk MvQ jvMv‡bvi ZrciZv| eb¨cÖvYx msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡j Avgvi mycvwik n‡jvÑ miKvi eb wefvM †_‡K m¤ú~Y© bZzb K‡i GKwU eb¨cÖvYx wefvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvwi e‡bi A‡a©K †m wefv‡M b¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk mviv †`‡ki R‡j-¯’‡j-AšÍix‡ÿ †h GK‡Kvlx cÖvYx †_‡K nvwZ, †Rwjwdk †_‡K wZwg Av‡Q, Zv msiÿ‡Yi cy‡iv `vwqZ¡ †m wefv‡Mi IciB †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb eb wefvM †_‡K hviv G wefv‡M †hvM w`‡Z PvB‡eb Zviv Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| G wefv‡Mi evwK me †jvK Avm‡e m„wóZe¨ eb¨cÖvYx K¨vWvi mvwf©m †_‡K| †Kej eb¨cÖvYx‡Z wb‡ew`Z weÁvbxivB mvaviY gvby‡li mv‡_ wg‡j cv‡i mviv †`‡k mwVKfv‡e eb¨cÖvYx I Zvi cwi‡ek msiÿY Ki‡Z| †jLK: eb¨cÖvYx we‡klÁ

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†h cv_i Av‡Q Zvi ¸Yvewji Ici| b`xi Zxeª kw³, cv_‡ii big Ask¸‡jv‡K ÿq K‡i Zvi aviv m„wó K‡i| cvnvwo GjvKvq b`x Gu‡K‡eu‡K P‡j wVKB, wKš‘ Pjvi c_wU wba©vwiZ nq cv_‡ii ey‡K LuvR †K‡U †K‡U| d‡j cv_‡ii Av‡cwÿK bgªZvi cÖwZdjb nq| GB cÖwµqvq b`xi ey‡K †b‡g Av‡m cv_‡ii eo eo PuvB, hv b`xi Zjvq Mwo‡q P‡j| G Pjvi c‡_ GB eo eo PuvB¸‡jv †f‡O †QvU †QvU UzK‡ivq cwiYZ nq Ges Zvi cv‡ki aviv‡jv Ask¸‡jv ÿq n‡q cv_‡ii PuvBwU GKwU gm„Y †evìv‡i cwiYZ nq| µ‡gB GB †evìvi¸‡jv fvO‡Z fvO‡Z cÖ_‡g bywo cv_i I c‡i †gvUv evjy Ges me‡k‡l wgwn evjy I Kv`vgvwU‡Z cwiYZ nq| GKwU b`x Zvi cÖev‡ni mv‡_ cv_i, evjy ev Kv`vgvwU hvB e‡q AvbyK bv †Kb Zvi mgwóMZ bvg n‡jv †mwW‡g›U| cvnvwo b`xwU hLb cøvebf‚wg‡Z †b‡g Av‡m ZLb †`Lv hvq †h, Zvi Zj‡`k Ges yB cv‡ki Rwg meB evjy, wgwn evjy I Kv`vgvwU w`‡q MwVZ| A_©vr cvnvwo AÂ‡ji b`xwUi yB cvo‡K †eu‡a ivLvi g‡Zv KwVb wkjv Avi †bB| Kv‡RB cøvebf‚wg †cwi‡q b`x hLb DcK‚j AÂ‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb b`x‡K AvU‡K a‡i †i‡L wbw`©ó Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Kivi ÿgZv `yB cv‡oi _v‡K bv| †h Kvi‡Y cøvebf‚wg Z_v DcK‚‡ji yB cvo mn‡RB fvO‡Z cv‡i| GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q KLb I †Kv_vq fvO‡e? Gi c‡ii cÖkœ n‡”Q b`xi cvo fvOvi ci b`xwU †h gvwU msMÖn K‡i Zv †Kv_vq hvq? b`x †Kej cvo fv‡O bv, GKB mv‡_ Zj‡`k‡K Av‡iv Mfxi K‡i| PÆMÖvg AÂj Qvov evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡ivUvB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i DRvb †_‡K e‡q Avbv †mwW‡g›U Øviv MwVZ| Aek¨ gaycyi I e‡i›`Ö AÂj e¨ZxZ| KviY †mLvbKvi jvj gvwU A‡bK k³, hv b`xi cvo †iva Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó| Ic‡ii cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi †ei Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡g wKQy Z_¨ †Ìqv ìKvi| GKwU b`xi cÖk¯ÍZv I MfxiZv wba©viY K‡i b`xwU Kx cwigvY cvwb enb K‡i Zvi Ici| Aek¨B Gi mv‡_ b`xwUi Xv‡ji welqwUI m¤úwK©Z| a‡i wbjvg b`xwUi Xvj cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q bv| Zvn‡j †h‡Kv‡bv cÖev‡ni Rb¨ b`xwUi MfxiZv I cÖk¯ÍZvi GKwU mgš^q NU‡e Ges myPviæiƒ‡c cvwb cÖevwnZ n‡e| GKwU †mP bvjv‡Z cÖev‡ni MwZ Lye GKUv e`jvq bv| mviv eQi cÖvq GKB cÖevn Zv‡K enb Ki‡Z nq| †m Rb¨ bvjvwU wbg©v‡Yi mgq Xv‡ji mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q cÖk ÍZv I MfxiZvi GKwU mgš^q †ei Kiv nq Ges bvjvwU Lye w¯’wZkxj Ae¯’vq cvwb enb K‡i| cÖvK…wZK b`xi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB cvwbi wbw`©ó cÖevn mviv eQi mgvb _v‡K bv| el©vq cÖgËv b`x I ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g kxY©Kvq b`xÑ b`xi cÖev‡ni g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ eû¸Y n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j cjj f‚wg‡Z GKwU b`x wKQy‡ZB w¯’wZkxj nq bv| cÖevn hLb †ewk _v‡K ZLb b`xwUi kw³ A‡bK| †mB kw³ w`‡q †m b`xi Zj‡`k Ges `yB cvk †_‡K gvwU msMÖn Ki‡Z Pvq| hv‡Z Zvi kw³i eënv‡i GKwU fvimvg¨ Av‡m| Avi

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GB †L‡qB †eu‡P _v‡K| gnx‡mvcvb †_‡K mgy‡ ªi Mfx‡i †ebw_K AÂj ch©šÍ GwUB mvM‡ii RxebPµ| mvM‡ii R‡j eo WvqvUg d¬v‡R‡jU Ic‡i †f‡m †eovq| †mLv‡b mvM‡ii R‡ji †mªvZ Ic‡i D‡V Av‡m| †mLv‡b Lv`¨cywó †c‡q WvqvUg †ewk Rb¥vq| GB WvqvUg n‡jv my¯v y †nwis gv‡Qi Lv`¨| wZwgi cÖavb Lv`¨ ÿz`ª cø¨v¼Ub| wZwg †Zv gvQ bq, Giv Dò i‡³i ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx| mgy‡ ªi yB †_‡K cuvP wK‡jvwgUvi R‡ji Mfx‡i AÜKvigq †ebw_K AÂ‡j †ewk eo gvQ †`Lv hvq bv| Avevi cvwbi EaŸ©gyLx cÖevn I N~wY©‡mªv‡Zi ¯’v‡b cywóKi Lv`¨ †ewk _vKv‡Z Gme RvqMvq mvgyw ªK cvwLiv wfo K‡i| cø v¼Ub I gvQ †L‡q Giv †eu‡P _v‡K| DcK‚‡j gMœP‚ov AÂ‡j †ewk mvgyw ªK cvwL Do‡Z †`Lv hvq| ev`vwg i‡Oi k•LwP‡ji ÔwKqv wKqvÕ WvK G Rb¨ e‡½vcmvvM‡ii DcK‚j gyLwiZ K‡i iv‡L| PÆMÖvg †_‡K w÷gv‡i ewikvj A_ev KzZzew`qv I K·evRv‡i KL‡bv ågY K‡i _vK‡j G‡ì I mv`v Kzii MvOwPj‡ì AvcwbI †`L‡Z cv‡eb| Rvnv‡Ri cÖ‡cjv‡ii N~Y©‡b R‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b gvQ Ic‡i D‡V Av‡m Avi MvOwPjiv a‡i Lvq| Avwg m›Øxc-nvwZqv ch©šÍ I‡ì cvDiæwUi UzK‡iv Qy‡o w`‡q †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ| QweI Zz‡jwQ| I‡ì K_v ewjÑ Acvi my›ì cvwL mwL: R‡ji EaŸ©gyLx cÖevn Av‡Q mvM‡i| Zv‡Z wb‡Pi gvQ I mgy`ª †kIjv BZ¨vw` Dw™¢` Zjvi w`K †_‡K Ic‡i D‡V Av‡Q| Avevi N~wY©‡mªv‡Z cywóKi Lv`¨ †ewk _v‡K e‡j Gme RvqMvq mvgyw`ªK cvwL wfo K‡i| cwihvqx cvwLivI Rv‡b GB †Mvgi| cø v¼Ub I gvQ †L‡q mvgyw`ªK cvwLiv †eu‡P _v‡K| wbiÿxq AÂ‡ji mgy‡ ª ˆRe e ‘ Kg _v‡K, G Rb¨ Gme GjvKvq mvgyw`ªK cvwL Kg _v‡K| e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚‡ji gMœP‚ov GjvKvq †ewk _v‡K mvgyw ªK cvvwL| Lvevi †L‡Z IovDwo, Mvb, wPrKvi, †PuPv‡gwPI K‡i †ewk| Avevi fvUvi Uv‡b Wz‡evPi †R‡M DV‡j cvwLiv †mLv‡b nvg‡j c‡o| ev`vwg gv_vi k•LwPj ÔwKqv wKqvÕ AvIqvR w`‡q DcK‚j cøvweZ K‡i iv‡L| IB †h †QvU AvOwUIqvjv wUwÆf ev †cøvfvi! hviv cQ›` K‡i DcK‚‡ji evwjqvwo ev Kv`vgq f‚wg, Iiv D‡o †h‡Z †h‡Z †i‡L hvq ÔwdD wdDÕ msMxZ jniv| Rjvf‚wgi j¤^v †Vuv‡Ui cvwL Lvq ˆkevj I Ab¨ wKQy Rv‡Zi Lvevi| Do‡Z Do‡Z Iiv ïwb‡q hvq Ô†Kviwj KviwjDÕ Mv‡bi †QvÆ jvBbUzKz| I‡ZB †kÖvZvi Avmi gvZ| Avwg ï‡bwQ Avi ey‡Ki †KvU‡i Rgv †i‡LwQ gwYgvwYK¨ Zzj¨| wWg‡eªj (Numentius phaeopus) Av‡m kx‡Zi †`k †_‡K| G‡ì wPb‡Z n‡j Ô†UwÆ †UUÕ KwjUv Av`k©| Avi wmKZvgq Zxiwenvix m¨vÛcvBcvi ÔwfBU wfBUv ev wU wUÕ d‚MxZmyav-KYv wewj‡q| Iw`‡K jvj bwj (Red shank) _v‡K DcK‚‡j Luvwo‡Z| Avcbv‡K †kvbv‡e ÔwUD wUDÕ g~Q©bv| †QvÆ w÷bU (Calidris minutus) †Rvqvi-fvUvi R‡j †Ljv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z g„ y msMx‡Zi my‡i MvB‡e ÔIBU& IBU&Õ| Avevi wbPz ¯^‡i Zvb we¯Ívi Ki‡e ÔUi&-i&-i&Õ MgK g~Q©bvq| wbwkeK WvK‡e Ô†KvqvAK© †KvqvAK©Õ Uàvi Ask ïwb‡q? Avi mv`v †cUIqvjv wmÜz CMj, hv‡ì †`‡LwQ my›ìe‡bi AvKv‡k Zviv Lvq gvQ I mvc|

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wgwó Mjvq MvB‡e ÔwK-D-K wK-D-KÕ myi Qwo‡q w`‡q| my›ìe‡b GKKv‡j Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk gvQivOv wQj| Zv‡ìI Mvb-Zvb Av‡Q| Avgvi g‡b nq welv‡ì msMx‡Z Iiv me‡P‡q weL¨vZ| ÔwP-i-D-KÕ ev wK-wj-wj-wjÕ Wv‡K Pviw`K fvivµvšÍ K‡i cÖmbœZv Qovq| me‡P‡q eo gvQivOv n‡”Q ev`vwg gv_vi mvim †c‡Ui (Pelargopsis capensis)| I Lvwj Ô†K-†K-†KÕ e‡j cÖkœmsMxZ †M‡q hv‡e| KL‡bv ev d¬¨vwg‡½vI Avm‡e| myBd&U&m&, wSbyK aiv (Haematopus ostralegus), weUvb©, Ly‡šÍ eK, cvb‡KŠwo, mœvBc cvwLiv Avm‡e wewfbœ FZz‡Z| gvQivOv, wmÜz CMj, wPj, eK, LÄb, evR cÖf…wZ cvwL Av‡Q mvMi Zx‡ii ¯’vqx evwm›`v| cvwLiv mgy ª ågY, Avnvi mÜvb, fq-fvebv, mZK©Zv ev gb †fvjv‡bvi KZ bv Zv‡ì K_v I Mvb| gvbyl Mvb Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q cvwLi Kv‡Q, †XD‡qi Kv‡Q, AiY¨ gg©‡ii †_‡K| Zvb‡mb, e‡o †Mvjvg Avvjx Luv, e‡o ywb Luv, e‡o gyn¤§` Luv I cÖvZt¯§iYx msMxZKvi‡ì †c‡j Gi DËi wj‡L Avcbv‡ì Rvbv‡Z cviZvg| †n AbyivMx cvwVKv I cvVK, Rxebvb›` `v‡ki e‡½vcmvMi GL‡bv ewikv‡ji `wÿ‡Y Av‡Q| Avcbv‡ì nq‡Zv wcÖq Kwe wZwb| Zvi Ôa~mi cvÐywjwcÕ eB‡qi ÔmnRÕ KweZvi wKQy As‡ki gy‡LvgywL nIqvi mva Av‡Q wK?

Zzwg Rj, Zzwg †XDÑ mgy‡`ªi †XD‡qi gZb †Zvgvi †`‡ni †eMÑ †Zvgvi mnR gb †f‡m hvq mvM‡ii R‡ji Av‡e‡M; †Kvb& †XD Zvi ey‡K wM‡qwQj †j‡M †Kvb& AÜKv‡i Rv‡b bv †m; †Kvb& †XD Zv‡i AÜKv‡i Luy‡R‡Q †Kej Rv‡b bv †m; ivwÎi wmÜzi Rj ivwÎi wmÜzi †XD Zzwg GK; †Zvgv‡i †K fv‡jvev‡m; †Zvgv‡i wK †KD ey‡K KÕ†i iv‡L| R‡ji Av‡e‡M Zzwg PÕ†j hvIÑ R‡ji D”Q¡v‡m wc‡Q ayay Rj †Zvgv‡i †h Wv‡K| Zzwg ïay GKw`b, GK iRbxi; gvby‡liÑ gvbylxi wfo †Zvgv‡i WvwKqv jq ~‡iÑ K‡Zv ~‡iÑ †Kvb& mgy‡`ªi cv‡i, e‡b-gv‡V-wKsev †h AvKvk Ry‡o Dévi Av‡jqv ïay fv‡mÑ wKsev †h AvKv‡k

Kv‡ Íi g‡Zv euvKv Puv` †R‡M I‡VÑ Wz‡e hvqÑ †Zvgvi cÖv‡Yi mva Zvnv‡ì Z‡i;..... †hLv‡b Mv‡Qi kvLv b‡o kxZ iv‡ZÑ govi nv‡Zi kv`v nv‡oi gZb †hBLv‡b eb Avw`g ivwÎi NªvY ey‡K jÕ†q AÜKv‡i Mvwn‡Z‡Q MvbÑ Zzwg †mBLv‡b| wbtm½ ey‡Ki Mv‡b wbkx‡_i evZv‡mi g‡Zv GKw`b G‡mwQ‡j, w`‡qwQ‡j GK ivwÎ w`‡Z cv‡i hZ|

mgy ª, ivwÎ, R‡ji †XD, bvix, fv‡jvevmv, Puv`, gvV, eb, g„Zz¨ I Rxeb GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q mgy‡ ªi g‡Zv| mvMi ïay K‚‡ji gvbyl bq ~i cvnv‡o emevmKvixi nƒ`‡qI †`vjv †`q| KweZvi cÖ_‡g Mv‡bi K_v Av‡Q| ZvI Mvb bv †kvbvi K_v, GB bv-†kvbvi g‡a¨B †kvbvi me inm¨ cy‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avcwb-Avwg bv ïb‡jI mgy ª Mvb †M‡q hv‡e, KL‡bv ev Íä-kvšÍ-mgvwnZ n‡q hv‡e| iex›`Öbv_ ïb‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb cÖK…wZ †_‡K, mgy ª †_‡K, b`x †_‡K Mv‡bi fvlv I myi cvIqvi in‡mï K_v| MxZweZv‡bi Ô†cÖgÕ ch©v‡q 307 msL¨K MvbwU K‡qKwU cO&w³ ïbyb myi K‡iÑ

Ôb`xi R‡j _vwK †i Kvb †c‡Z, Kuv‡c †h cÖvY cvZvi gg©‡i‡Z\

g‡b nq †h cve LuywR dz‡ji fvlv hw` eywS †h c_ †M‡Q mÜ¨vZvivi cv‡i gb, gb †i Avgvi\Õ

KL‡bv Avgiv hw` mgy‡`ªi Zx‡i uvovB Zvi Mvb ïb‡Z cvB, K‡jøvj ïwb, aŸsm So-R‡jv”Q¡vm ïwbÑ mgy ª GgbB êwP‡Î¨-in‡m¨, cÖej we‡ivavfv‡m fievošÍ, wb‡Ri R‡jB wb‡R Wz‡e _v‡K| b`xi †gvnbv, Lvwo I †m›U gvwU©‡b †`Lv hvq cvb‡KŠwo| mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x AÂ‡j Mqvi WvU©vi| ØxcvÂ‡j MMb‡eo| IB Pi KzKwigyKwi‡Z| †m›U gvwU©‡b Kvbv eK, meyR eK, a~mi eK, eo eK, †mvbvR•Nv, kvgyK‡Lvi, nvowMjv, gvwbK‡Rvo, Ly‡šÍ eK, KvbVzwU, mv`v CMj, Kzov, Kzovj ev †MÖ †n‡WW wdwks CMj, a~mi wU wU, †QvU wRwiqv, g‡½vwjqvb wRwiqv, evUvb, eo wRwiqv, jvj cv wcD, eo ¸wj›`, †Rvivwj, Rj`my¨ cvwL, Rj cvqiv ev MvOwPj, mv`veyK gvQivOv Ges KZ cvwL| kx‡Zi Av‡M cwihvqx n‡q G‡m †gNbvi †gvnbv I my›ìe‡bi DcK‚j f‡i hvq| Iw`‡K

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P‡Kvwiqv, g‡nkLvwj I KzZzew`qvi DcK‚‡jI †`Lv hv‡e wbivc` g‡b Ki‡j| A_©vr cvwLiv hw` Zv g‡b K‡i| ¯§„wZi fuvovi: fvUvi mgq g‡nkLvwji cÖavb Nv‡U Øx‡ci Kv`vq cÖPzi MvOwPj wfo K‡i Lv`¨ LuyR‡Z| G mgq cÖPzi Kzii MvOwPj, hv‡ì †VuvU I cv jvj, †`‡L †gvwnZ Avwg| eû ~i †_‡K Qwe Zz‡jI Lye fv‡jv Qwe †c‡qwQ| Nv‡Ui †Mvovq ZLb gwnlLvBj¨v cv‡bi nvU e‡m‡Q| †Rvqvi Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q û û K‡i| cv‡bi evRvi Wz‡e hv‡e Iiv Rv‡b| ZvovZvwo †ePv‡Kbv †kl K‡i Nv‡Ui iv Ívq D‡V Avm‡Q| AwewµZ cv‡bi Lvivs (LuvPv) †ek eo eo|

Ôhw` †mv›ì GKLvb gyL cvBZvg gwnlLvBj¨v cvbi wLwj Zv‡i evbvB LvevBZvg|Õ

†kdvjx †Nv‡li GB weL¨vZ MvbwU g‡b c‡o? ï‡b‡Qb? †M‡q †`‡L‡Qb? my›ì gy‡L cvb-mycywi-Pz‡b †gkv UzKUz‡K is †Kgb jvM‡e? MxwZKvi I wkíx Zv Avgv‡ì g‡bi Rvbvjvq DuwK w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mvM‡ii K‚‡ji KvQvKvwQ Av‡Q weL¨vZ mv¤úvb| ywU êVv yB nv‡Z b„‡Zï fw½i g‡Zv Kmi‡Z †e‡q P‡j gvwS| Avi †kdvjx †Nv‡li weL¨vZ Av‡iKwU MvbÑ

ÔI †i mv¤úvbIqvjv, ZzB Avgv‡i Kiwj †Ìqvbv|Õ

mv¤úv‡b Av‡Q hvÎx| e‡½vcmvM‡ii Av‡Q iæcvwj Bwjk I Ab¨vb¨ gvQ| cvj †Zvjv mv¤úvb I Av‡Q| gv‡Zvqviv nvIqvI| †R‡jiv KL‡bv MvOwPj‡K gvi‡e bv, Lv‡e bv| Iiv e‡j mgy‡`ªi †Kv_vq †hb Iiv wWg cv‡o| Avm‡j Zv †Zv bq| Iiv cwihvqx cvwL| Avevi wKQy Kv‡jv gv_vi †QvU MvOwPj cÙ b`xi †fZ‡i †dwi w÷gv‡ii †cQ‡b gvQ Luy‡R Lvq| R‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b D‡V Avmv gvQ‡ì| wKQy KvK †`‡LwQ cv‡q gvQ aiv wk‡L wb‡q‡Q wPj, wmÜz CM‡ji g‡Zv| mgy‡ ªi wKQy wKQy gvQI Zj‡`k †_‡K Ic‡i D‡V Av‡m| †Zgwb wKQy Dw™¢` KL‡bv KL‡bv mvM‡ii Zj‡`k †_‡K Ic‡i D‡V G‡m †ek ^”Q‡›` Ny‡i †eovq| mgy‡ ªi evwjqvwo‡Z giv bvbv Rv‡Zi kvgyK, wSbyK, k•L,

Zviv gvQ †XD‡q †XD‡q D‡V Av‡m| †m¸‡jv †Luv‡R wkï kÖwgKiv| †`vKvb`viiv wK‡b †b‡e| wewµi Rb¨| ågYwejvmxiv †QvU †QvU y-`kUv msMÖn Ki‡e ¯§„wZfiv Ag~j¨ iZb wn‡m‡e| Av‡M cÖPzi cvIqv †hZ, †mB 20-30 eQi Av‡M| GLb Lye, Lye Kg| Avgv‡ì ¯§„wZi fuvov‡iI Uvb c‡o‡Q| ¯§„wZ wK mZZ myLx! ïuUwKi Ag„Z fvÐvi: ivOvevwj, †mvbvw`qv, KzZzew`qv, g‡nkLvwji ïuUwK ˆZwii AvÇvLvbvq †M‡Qb? AšÍZ K·evRv‡ii bywbqv cvovi Avov †`‡L‡Qb? N‡ii DVv‡bi Ici gv_v DuPz gvPv K‡i euvk I †eov w`‡q †mLv‡b AvovAvwo cvZv euv‡k dvwj dvwj K‡i KvUv Av Í gvQ Szj‡e †iv‡`| gvPvi wb‡P bvwofuywo †ei K‡i †b‡e gwnjviv| †Kv_vI P‡ii Ici euvk cuy‡Z-†eu‡a ïuUwK Ki‡e| bywbqvcvovq BDmyd

Avjxi m‡½ Avgvi †`vw Í n‡q †M‡Q| †hŠe‡b †m mgy‡ ª gvQ ai‡Z †hZ, GLb ïuUwK evbvq| KZ iK‡gi gvQ| †cvqv, Qywi, jvÿv, †Kvivj, iƒcPuv`v, j‡U, Cj, nvOi, KvBm¨v, wPswo, Ajyqv, biwj... KZ KZ! BDmyd Avjx Avgv‡K Avovi wb‡P wb‡q wM‡q gwnjv‡ì KvR †`wL‡q‡Q| jvÿv, †fvjv †cvqv, †Kvivj, iƒcPuv`v cÖf…wZ eo gvQ GLb K‡g †M‡Q| mgy‡`ªi fvÐv‡i c‡o‡Q Uvb| 1973 mv‡ji ci †_‡K XvKvi evRv‡i miKvwi gv‡Qi Mvwo‡Z e‡½vcmvM‡ii gvQ wewµ n‡Zv| wewfbœ RvqMvq euvav †`vKvb wQj miKv‡ii| mvZvËi mv‡j me‡P‡q Kg `v‡gi gvQ wQj wiUv, 14 UvKv wK‡jv, Zvici †cvqv 25 UvKvi g‡Zv| Zvici †nv›ìv| G Qvov Qywi, j‡U, Ajyqv, Cj †Zv wQjB| iæk Uªjvi gvQ aiZ| †QvU †QvU gvQ †gwk‡b wKgv K‡i wdk ej, wdk wdsMvi, Pc, KvU‡jU wewµ KiZ| e¨m, N‡i G‡b wd«‡R †i‡L mgqg‡Zv †Z‡j fv‡Rv Avi LvI| Avgvi Lye wcÖq wQj| GLb †`kxq †R‡j †bŠKvq aiv `vwg I c‡ì gvQ¸‡jv †i‡L evwK¸‡jv mvM‡i †d‡j w`Z| jvÿv, †Kvivj, eo †fUwK, †fvj †cvqv me mgq, KuvPv ev ïK‡bv, AZ¨šÍ `vwg gvQ| GL‡bv KuvPv jvÿv PÆMÖv‡gi evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| cÖwZ wK‡jv 700 UvKvi Kg n‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| 20 eQi Av‡M mv‡o 500 UvKv `‡i wK‡b †L‡qwQ PÆMÖv‡g| GLb ïayB ¯§„wZfv‡i c‡o _vKv| RvMi‡Y GKv, ¯^‡cœI ZvB| Bwjk 1971 mv‡j GK UvKv wK‡jv wQj| GLb XvKvi evRv‡i mvgyw`ªK gv‡Qi AvKvj| Avgvi MÖv‡gi †R‡jwbiv cvovq nuvK w`‡q †eP‡Z AvmZ dvBm¨v, †cvqv, KzKzi wRf, Qywi †Zv wQjB| PÆMÖvg kni †_‡K jvÿv ïuUwK wK‡b Avb‡Z n‡Zv Av¯Í| e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K KY©dzjx †e‡q KvßvB ch©šÍ mvgyw ªK gvQ P‡j AvmZ ZLb| Avgvi evwo KY©dzjxi K‚‡j BQvgZx MÖv‡g| †gvnbv †_‡K 20-22 gvBj DRv‡b| GL‡bv wKQy mgyw ªK gvQ b`x †e‡q P‡j Av‡m| MÖv‡g †M‡j cvB| Avevi Avgvi iv½ybxqv _vbvi †PŠgynbx‡Z gv‡Qi AvoZ n‡q‡Q| j‡U, Qywi, †cvqv, wiUv Av‡m| f¨vbMvwo‡Z K‡i WvK w`‡q hvq MÖv‡g G‡m| BwjkI Av‡m KL‡bv KL‡bv| Ôgv‡Q fv‡Z evOvwjÕ, ÔevOvwj cuywU gv‡Qi KvOvwjÕ, Ôgv‡Qi †jv‡f MvQI nv K‡iÕ, Ôgv‡Qi g‡a¨ evPv KzUz‡gi g‡a¨ PvPvÕ, ÔBPv KzU‡j wgQvÕ BZ¨vw` MÖvgxY cÖev` GL‡bv MÖv‡g †M‡j ïwb| Ck¦i bvwK evOvwj‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m `ywU wRwbm w`‡q‡QbÑ Avg I Bwjk| Bwj‡ki g‡Zv mvM‡i A‡bK gvQ Av‡Q hviv mvMi †_‡K b`x‡Z G‡m wWg w`‡q hvq| wPswo mvM‡ii gvQ n‡jI †gvnbv I b`x Ges DcK‚‡ji KvQvKvwQ wej-wSj-cyKz‡i cÖPzi R‡b¥ I ªæZ esk e„w× K‡i| †mB wPswo ey‡ov AvOz‡ji g‡Zv n‡j AZzj nq ^v‡`| Bwjk ïuUwKi K_v Zvn‡j ej‡ZB nq| Av¯Í Bwj‡ki †cU j¤^vjw¤ K‡i wP‡i †fZ‡ii bvwofuywo †d‡j w`‡q †mLv‡b cÖPzi byb cy‡i wKQyw`b RvM w`‡q ivL‡j Bwjk Avi cP‡e bv| †c‡Ui wWg‡KI Avjv`v K‡i by‡b RvwiZ K‡i ivL‡j LvIqvi †hvM¨ _v‡K| Avevi PvKv PvKv K‡i Avjv`v UzK‡iv K‡iI by‡b Rviv‡bv

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hvq| mviv we‡k¦ mvgyw ªK gvQ‡K ïuUwK K‡i ivLvi bvbv c×wZ Av‡Q| Rvcv‡b ïuUwK‡K KuvPv LvIqvi Dchy³ K‡i ivLv nq| c¨v‡KU K‡i wPc‡mi g‡Zv †e‡P| mvgyw ªK †kIjv, Dw™¢ cÖf…wZ AZ¨šÍ DbœZ Lv`¨¸‡Y ficyi| Avjv`vfv‡e ïwK‡q †i‡L mviv eQi LvIqv hvq| e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K GL‡bv D‡`¨vM †bIqv nqwb evOvwji N‡i N‡i †cuŠQv‡bvi AwfhvÎvi| mgy‡ ª LwbR m¤ú‡` ficyi| †Zgwb mgy ª ~lYI e¨vcK D‡Ø‡Mi KviY n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i b`xevwnZ eR©¨, KjKviLvbvi ivmvqwbK `~wlZ eR© , wWwWwU gvivZ¥K ~lY Ki‡Q| Zvi †P‡q eo wecbœZv R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji RvnvRWzwe I hy‡×i mgq †Zjevnx RvnvR aŸs‡mi d‡j gnvmgy‡`ªi ~lY me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K| AMva m¤ú‡ì me©‡kl Avavi GB mgy ª, †mI AvR gvby‡li Kvi‡Y gvivZ¥Kfv‡e wech©¯Í| ¯’jfv‡Mi m¤ú‡ì NvUwZ c~i‡Yi †kl AvkÖq mgy ª G K_v †R‡bI gvbyl AvR Amnvq| gvbyl GLb wb‡RB wb‡Ri me‡P‡q eo kµ| mvgyw ªK mvc: e‡½vcmvM‡ii me mvc mvc Dc‡MvÎ nvB‡Wªvwdbxq AšÍf©y³| c„w_exi me mv‡ci g‡a¨ mvgyw`ªK mv‡ci wel me‡P‡q fqsKi| †MvL‡ivi †P‡q Pvi †_‡K AvU ¸Y †ewk welai| Z‡e Giv Lye VvÐv †gRv‡Ri, Kvgo ev †Qvej †Ìqvi ^fve Kg| †R‡j‡ì Rv‡j gv‡Qi m‡½ mvc D‡V Av‡m| †`‡LwQ †j‡R a‡i †U‡b †ei K‡i mvM‡i †d‡j †`q| wmÜz CM‡ji Lye wcÖq Lv`¨| e‡½vcmvM‡i evi cÖRvwZi mvç‡jv n‡jvÑ

1. DfPi mvgyw ªK mvc ( Laticauda laticauda). 2. euowkgyL mvgyw`ªK mvc (Endydrina tehistosa). 3. Kv‡jv mvgyw`ªK mvc (hydrophis nigro cinetus). 4. †gvnbvi mvgyw`ªK mvc (H. obrcurus). 5. ejqhy³ mvgyw`ªK mvc (H. cyanociuctus). 6. jvwU mvc (H. fastiatus). 7. gvjvevi mvgyw`ªK mvc (Lapenuis curtus). 8. miæ gv_v mvgyw`ªK mvc (Microcephalophis gracilis). 9. iwOjv mvgyw ªK mvc (Pelanuis platurus). 10. Kjyweªb DfPi (Laticanda colulorina). 11. gvjv°v wm †mœK (H. cacrulesens). 12. K¨v÷vi b¨v‡iv‡n‡WW wm †mœK (Micro cephalopluis conloni).

Gevi cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ ywU DfPi, bv‡gi m‡½ Zv hy³| Giv WvOvq wWg cv‡o| evwK `kwU mgy‡`ª ev”Pv †`q| me mvgyw`ªK mv‡ci kixi †Mvj ev P¨vÞv n‡jI †jR wPZj gv‡Qi g‡Zv Lvovfv‡e P¨vÞv| muvZvi KvUvi mgq †jR nvj wn‡m‡e eënƒZ nq| mviv kix‡i Auvk GKB iKg, LmL‡m, †MvUv †MvUv, `vbv`vi| DfPi‡ì †c‡U †MvL‡ivi g‡Zv eo cv_vwj Auvk Av‡Q| j¤^v‡U mvgyw`ªK evBb mvc‡ì wcÖq Lv`¨| †c‡U mivmwi Xz‡K j¤^v n‡q _vK‡j Lv`‡KiI myweav êwK|

mvgyw`ªK K”Qc: e‡½vcmvM‡ii cy‡iv DcK‚jRy‡o Av‡Q cuvP cÖRvwZi K”Qc| wK‡jvwbqv gvBWvm, wMÖb UviUj (Caretta caretta) ev jvMvi‡nW UviUj, †jwc‡Wv‡Kwjm Awj‡fwmqv ev Awjf wiW‡j UviUj, Wvi‡g‡Kwjm †Kvwiqvwmqv Ges BwiU‡gv‡Kvwjm BgweªKv‡U| Giv evjy‡ejvq wWg cv‡o| Zv †`q bv, Avcbv-Avcwb ev”Pv †dv‡U| G Rb¨ gvbyl, cïcvwLi nvgjvq Ges K”Qc idZvwb Kivq GLb wejywßi c‡_| kxZ †_‡K el©vi ïiæ ch©šÍ Giv wWg †`q| GLb K”Qc gviv wbwl×| Zey XvKvi evRv‡i gv‡S gv‡S †`Lv hvq| cwÎKvq Lei Qvcv nq wKš‘ miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv †nj‡`vj †bB| e‡½vcmvM‡ii gvrm¨ m¤ú`: AvR †_‡K 40 eQi Av‡MI e‡½vcmvMi wQj gv‡Q De©iZg ficyi| GLb cÙvq Bwjk †Zgb †bB ej‡jB P‡j| hv Av‡m, mvMi †_‡K DwR‡q Avmvi mgq †gvnbvq aiv c‡o hvq, evwK hv _v‡K Zv b`xi Zzjbvq G‡Kev‡i bMY¨| GgbwK mgy‡ ªI AvKvj c‡o‡Q RUKv aivi ÔKv‡i›U RvjÕ eënv‡ii Rb¨| cÙv-†gNbvq AšÍZ 20-30 w`b _vK‡j Bwj‡ki cÖK…Z ¯^v` †g‡j| GLb †mB iƒcK_vi we Í…Z Av‡jvPbvq hvIqvi my‡hvM †bB ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvqÑ 1. wk‡ivc`x †kÖYxi gvQ Av‡Q 9 iKg| †hgbÑ byBj¨v I †PqvB| 2. ZiæYvw ’ gvQ 21 cÖKvi| †hgbÑ nvOi 12 iKg, kvcjvcvZv BZ¨vw` 9 iKg| 3. Aw ’gq gvQ 149 cÖKvi| †hgbÑ Bwjk, †PŠ°v, dvBm¨v BZ¨vw`| êÁvwbKfv‡e AvniY nq bv e‡j GB wech©q| †R‡j I gvwjK‡ì gvrm¨ m¤ú` I ^fve m¤ú‡K© mvaviY Ávb †bB e‡j GB KiæY `kv| e‡½vcmvMi G Rb¨ gvQk~b¨

n‡q †h‡Z e‡m‡Q| Zv Qvov _vBj¨vÛ I wgqvbgv‡ii gvQ `my¨‡ì Pzwi K‡i ev nvbv w`‡q wbwe©Pv‡i aivI wech©‡qi Avi GKwU KviY| fwel¨‡Z †Zj-M¨vm D‡Ëvjb †Rvi`vi n‡j †lvjKjv c~iY n‡q hv‡e| wek¦ms ’v dvI-Gi wi‡cvU© I Ab¨vb¨ wi‡cvU© 1975 †_‡K 1989 mv‡ji MYbvq GB wech©q aiv c‡o‡Q| A_©vr e‡½vcmvM‡ii gv‡Qi gRy` ªæZ n«vm cv‡”Q| m¤§y‡L kvwšÍi cvivevi g„Zz¨: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †gNbvèa Kv‡eÏ mgy`ª‡K iZœvKi e‡j‡Qb| †m›UgvwU©b Øxc e‡½vcmvM‡ii †mŠ›`‡h©i wUc bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ| GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc| cÖevj Kx‡Ui AvVv‡bv GK iKg mvgyw ªK cÖvYxi K¼vjB n‡jv bvbv e‡Y©i I AvKv‡ii cÖevj| cÖavbZ Mqbv ˆZwi‡Z cÖevj eënƒZ nq| meyR, njy`, †Mvjvwc, †e¸wb I mv`v cÖev‡ji ¯^M© †m›UgvwU©b GLb g„Zz¨cyix| cÖevj †Kv‡bvUv gw Í‡®‹i wNjyi g‡Zv, Mv‡Qi Wv‡ji g‡Zv †Kv‡bvUv, †Kv‡bvUv †gŠPv‡Ki g‡ZvÑ Av‡iv KZ AvKvi I evnvi| †mŠ›`h©| cÖvK…wZK wkíKg©| wesk kZvãxi †Mvovi w`‡K GB Øx‡c †jvK emwZ ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡KB wech©q ïiæ| MvQcvjv †K‡U DRvo| cÖevj †f‡O hv‡”Q, msL¨vq K‡g hv‡”Q| ZLb mvM‡ii †fZi eû ~i ch©šÍ cÖevj †`Lv †hZ| GLb A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q| 1980 mv‡j Avi cÖev‡ji †mB „k¨ †bB| GLb mvMiZ‡j cÖevj Rb¥vevi Ae¯’v †bB| _vB gvQ-`myï ivmvqwbK we‡ùviK `ªe¨ eënvi K‡i grm¨‡ÿÎ bóB Gi KviY|

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Zv Qvov Øx‡ci †jv‡Ki cÖevj msMÖn, wewfbœ iKg Rxe msMÖn, †e‡j cv_i msMÖn, wkÿv md‡i wM‡q I ågYKvix‡ì wewfbœ cv_i, cÖevj, mvgyw`ªK Rxe wbwe©Pv‡i Avni‡Y GKgvÎ cÖevj ØxcwU AvR g„ZcÖvq| miKvi, Ávbx, ìw` †KD †bB †m›U gvwU©‡bi eÜz| eÜz-¯^Rbnxb e‡½vcmvM‡ii †mŠ›`‡h©i iƒcKzgvix AvR eywo Nuy‡U Kzovwb| G bq AuvwL Rj: ivgmy›ì emvK cÖYxZ Ôevj¨wkÿvÕ c‡owQjvg| MÖv‡gi BQvgZx K¨vs wd« cÖvBgvwi ¯‹z‡ji cÖ_g †kÖYx‡Z| Zvi Av‡Mi eQi ÔeY©‡evaÕ bvgK †Kv‡bv eB c‡owQjvg wKbv g‡b †bB| evj¨wkÿv ïay gyL Í K‡iwQ| k‡ãi A_© me RvbZvg bv †m †Zv wVKB| me‡P‡q gRvi wQj mßKvÐ ivgvqY gvÎ bq jvB‡b †kl| Avi gnvfviZ gvÎ mvZ jvB‡b LZg| G‡nb Avðh© †h evjK c‡o‡Q Zv‡K iæwawe wK w`qv evwji euva! †mB Avwg wekvj e‡½vcmvMi‡K Zvi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ wb‡q wjL‡Z digvm †cjvg †ò nvRvi kã w`‡q| wek¦‡Kv‡l e‡½vcmvMi 300 kã w`‡qI †jLv nq| Av‡iv K‡gI †jLv hvq| wKš‘ e‡½vcmvMi †h Avgvi cÖ_g †`Lv mvMi| DcmvMi †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi †h K‚‡j uvwo‡q AvwQ Zv‡K Qvov evwKUv †Zv R‡ji giæf‚wg| PÆMÖv‡g e‡j ˆÏ¾v, `B¾v A_©vr `wiqv, A_©vr mvMi| mvMiI bq, DcmvMi| wKš‘ †m Avgvi cÖv‡Yi †`vmi, nƒ`‡qi mLv, g‡bi Kv‡Qi A¤î| AvKvk‡K me mgq †`wL wKš‘ Zv‡K aiv-†Quvqv hvq bv| `B¾v‡K †Quvqv hvq, e‡½vcmvM‡i Suvc w`‡q hywS‡q cvB K‚j| wKš‘ Zvi †_‡K gy³ AvniY, cÖvYmn GKUv j‡U ev Bwjk N‡i Avbv Am¤¢e| evj¨wkÿv Q‡›`ve× e‡j gyL¯Í Kiv hvq, wKš‘ IB cÖ_g eq‡m Zvi me k‡ãi A_© Kiv Lye Lye KwVb| e‡½vcmvMi wb‡q cov I PP©v ev †jLv Z‡ZvwaK KwVb| e‡½vcmvMi wb‡q †jLv Avgvi Mí, Dcb¨vm, ¯§„wZwPÎ ev msev`-Kjvg me‡P‡q †ewk| †cÖg, A‡cÖg, hy×, N~wY©So, Zvi DcK‚‡ji gvbyl, evN, wnsmv nvbvnvwb wb‡q †jLv eo Dcb¨vm Ômgy ªPi I we‡ ªvnxivÕ| Z‡e Avi hvB ejyb kvšÍ mgy‡ ªi †Zgb we‡kl †mŠ›`h© †bB| Zvi †mŠ›`h© gvbyl, cïcvwL, gvQ, So, I gjq nvIqvi cÿ mÂvj‡b, †XD‡qi Zv‡j Zv‡j †bŠ-mv¤úvb wb‡q †Ljvq, cÖvK…wZK êwP‡Î¨, gaïv‡Z Zvi Zx‡i GKv e‡m †gvKvwejvq, †XD‡qi gv_vq dmdiv‡mi †Ljv †`Lvq| Zvi Zj‡`k †m Ly‡j †`Lv‡e bv Zey| †mLv‡b Kx Av‡Q Wzeywei K¨v‡givq †`Lv hvq, wKš‘ wM‡q Zvi m‡½ Po–BfvwZ †Ljv gyw³hy‡× weRqx nIqvi g‡Zv KwVb I †ivgvÂKi| Avwg nvi gvbe ZvB e‡j? bv| GKvav‡i †m iZœvKi, bxjv¤^y ^vgx, kvšÍ mykÖx, iæ`ª fqsKi, wkÿK I †cÖqmxÑ me me| Avgv‡ì km¨fvÐvi, iƒ‡ci fvÐvwi, So-R‡jv”Q¡vm I g„Zzï mvÿvr Drm| Zey Zvi cÖvY‰ewPÎ¨ I †mŠ›`h© êwP‡Îï wccvmy| †jLK: wbmM©we` I †jLK

Bbvg Avj nK

cvwLi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì kÎæZv Kx‡mi! Avcwb nq‡Zv njd K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb, Avcwb cvwLi kÎæ bb| Ggb my›ì, GZ myKÉx, Ggb wbwe©‡ivax I DcKvix GB cÖvYxi mv‡_ Avcbvi kÎæZv Kx‡mi! N‡i e› yK ivLvi evnv`ywi wb‡q ùxZe‡ÿ Avcwb †Zv kx‡Z cvwL wkKv‡i hvb bv| A_ev Avnv‡i êwPÎ¨ m„wói †Q‡jgvbywl kL †gUv‡Z wM‡q †PŠiv Ívq uvov‡bv †PvivKvievwii KvQ †_‡K ey‡bvcvwL wK‡b Av‡bb bv| Avcwb wbðqB †Rvi Mjvq ej‡Z cv‡ib, ÔcvwLi †Kv‡bv ÿwZ Avwg Kwi bv|Õ Avwg wb‡RI Zv ej‡Z PvB; wKš‘ cvwi bv| KviY Avwg Rvwb, Avgvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK cvwL ÿwZMÖ Í n‡”Q| cvwL wkKv‡i bv †b‡g Ges ey‡bvcvwLi gvsm bv †L‡qI Avwg cvwLi A‡bK ÿwZ Kwi| Avgiv mevB hw` cvwLi mv‡_ kÎæZv bv KiZvg Zvn‡j wK G †`‡k cvwLi Ggb KiæY `kv n‡Zv! MZ 30 eQ‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡k cvwL wkKvi Kiv Ges ey‡bvcvwLi gvsm LvIqvi Af¨vm †Zv ev‡owb eis K‡g‡Q| A_P G mg‡qB †Zv cvwLi Ae ’vi Pig AebwZ N‡U‡Q| G †`‡k cvwLi Ae ’v AZ¨šÍ KiæY, Ggb K_v ejv nq‡Zv wVK bq| †h K_v ï‡b †jv‡K nZvk n‡e Zv bv ejvB †Zv fv‡jv| Z‡e wVK †nvK Avi bv †nvK, Z_¨wU wKš‘ mwVK; evsjv‡`‡k cvwLi AvR Pig yw`©b| MZ 30 eQ‡i G †`‡k 30 cÖRvwZi cvwL wejyß n‡q‡Q| GLb evsjv‡`‡k †h 330 cÖRvwZi cvwL ’vqxfv‡e evm K‡i Zvi GK-Z…ZxqvskB `ªæZ wejywßi c‡_ GwM‡q hv‡”Q| AvMvgx y-wZb `k‡K G †`‡ki kZvwaK cÖRvwZi AvevwmK cvwLi Avi †`Lv wgj‡e bv| Pviw`‡K †PvL †g‡j ZvKv‡j Avcwb mn‡RB †mUv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AwZ‡Pbv cvwL‡ìI AvR Avi †`Lv hvq bv| †Kv_vI wK GLb eK, eMjv, e‡Uiv, evwjnuvm, WvûK, †Kvov, Kv‡jg, NyNy, nwiqvj, cu¨vPv, kKzb, Gme cvwL nvRv‡i nvRv‡i †`L‡Z cvb!

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AwcÖq n‡jI G K_v mZ¨ †h, G †`‡k cvwLi w`b cÖvq †kl| Av‡iv AwcÖq mZ¨ K_vUv n‡jv, cvwL wejywßi †cQ‡b Avgv‡ì mevi nvZ Av‡Q| Avgiv A‡bK mgq bv †R‡bB cvwLi eo eo ÿwZ K‡i _vwK| GKUv „óvšÍ †Ìqv hvKÑ MZ 30 eQi a‡i Avgv‡ì cïwPwKrmKMY GKUv m Ív †e`bvni Ilya eënvi K‡i‡Qb| Gi †R‡bwiK bvg WvB‡K¬v‡db| evRv‡i wW‡K¬v‡fU, wW‡K¬v‡db cøvm BZ¨vw` bv‡g wewµ nq| Gi welwµqvq 30 eQ‡i fviZe‡l©i Pvi †KvwU kKzb gviv †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cï wPwKrmvq GLb WvB‡K¬v‡db eënvi wbwl× n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ jywK‡q-Pzwi‡q Gi eënvi w`we¨ envj Av‡Q| KviY Gi weKí Ilya Ô†g‡jvw·K¨vgÕ GKUz †ewk `vwg| wb‡Ri Miæi wPwKrmvq mvgvb¨ wKQy evowZ e¨q K‡i Avgiv †g‡jvw·K¨vg wKb‡Z m¤§Z bB e‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †kl kKzb¸‡jv AvR gviv hv‡”Q| A_P kKzb bv _vK‡j Avgv‡ì †fvMvwšÍ A‡bK| ebev`vo n‡Z g„Z‡`n Acmvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î kKz‡bi wK †Kv‡bv weKí Av‡Q! we‡klÁiv e‡jb, g„Z‡`‡ni †ivM-RxevYy kKz‡bi †c‡U cy‡ivcywi aŸsm n‡q hvq| Bu yi, KzKzi I Kv‡Ki g‡Zv weKí kefzK cÖvYxi †c‡U †gv‡UB Zv nq bv| ZvB G‡ì gva¨‡g GLb A¨vb_ª¨v·, Lyiv‡ivM, RjvZ‡¼i g‡Zv AmyL `ªæZ Qwo‡q co‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni Iqvì© †nj_ AM©vbvB‡Rkb GLb Gwkqvq eQ‡i 500 †KvwU UvKvi RjvZ¼ f¨vKwmb weZiY K‡i| G gnv‡`‡ki cuvP †KvwU jvIqvwik KzKz‡ii Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni e¨q KzKzicÖwZ 100 UvKv| G e¨q ïay RjvZ¼ cÖwZ‡iva Kivi GKwU cÖqvm gvÎ| jvIqvwik KzKzi eve` cÖK…wZi ÿwZ Gi jÿ ¸Y †ewk, hvi cÖwZKvi Kiv RvwZms‡Ni mKj mv‡aï AZxZ| cÖvYxi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì ggZv Av‡Q e‡jB Avgiv KzKzi, weovj BZ¨vw` cvwj| wKš‘ G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì A‡bK g~j¨ w`‡Z nq| †h‡Kv‡bv †cvlv cÖvYxi Rb¨B cÖK…wZi †QvU-eo A‡bK ÿwZ nq Ges G Rb¨ gvbyl‡KB P‚ovšÍ kvw Í †c‡Z nq| wKš‘ KzKzi-weovj cvjvi mgq Avgiv wK g‡b ivwL †h, †cvlv cÖvYxi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì ggZ¡‡evaI cÖKvivšÍ‡i eb¨cÖvYxi ÿwZ K‡i| Avgiv KzKzi cvwj e‡jB †jvKvj‡q jvIqvwik KzKzi Qwo‡q c‡o| jvIqvwik KzKz‡ii Rb¨ Avgiv A‡bK gvqvKvbœv Kwi; wKš‘ Gi Avnvi-evm ’v‡bi Rb¨ wKsev Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wKQyB Kwi bv| †jvKvj‡qi AveR©bv- Í‚c Ges ebev`vo †_‡KB jvIqvwik KzKzi Avnvi msMÖn K‡i| AmsL¨ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, GB Avav‡cvlv cÖvYxi Rb¨ bvbv cÖRvwZi eb¨cÖvYxi Acwimxg ÿwZ nq| G Rb¨B DbœZ we‡k¦ KzKzi cvj‡Z †M‡j DuPz nv‡i Ki w`‡Z nq Ges jvIqvwik KzKzi †c‡jB †g‡i †djv nq| jÿ jÿ jvIqvwik KzKz‡ii Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki Kx ÿwZ nq, Zv wb‡q eo †Kv‡bv M‡elYv AvRI nqwb| e¨w³MZ AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z Avwg G K_v ej‡Z cvwi,

ÿwZi wPÎwU mwZ¨B fqven| K·evRvi, Bbvwb, †m›UgvwU©b, wbSzg Øxc I Ab¨vb¨ DcK‚jxq P‡i †Kv‡bv MvOwPj, cvbwPj, ˆmKZcvwL I mvgyw`ªK K”Qc AvR Avi wbivc‡` cÖRbb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡ì cÖRb‡bi cÖavb AšÍivq KzKzi| nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i bvbv cÖRvwZi cvwL I K”Qc G †`‡ki wbivjv evjyP‡i wWg cvoZ| †mB wbivjv ˆmK‡Zi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek GLb meB †kl| †h‡Kv‡bv ˆmK‡Z †M‡j GLb Avcbvi †Pv‡L co‡e, Pviw`‡K A¸bwZ jvIqvwik KzKzi eyfzÿzi g‡Zv Ny‡i wdi‡Q| Ggb P‡i wWg †Ìqvi Av‡M GKUv wUKwUwKI `kevi wPšÍv Ki‡e| cvwL I K”Q‡ci cÖRbb wb‡q nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv gv_ve¨_v †bB| wKš‘ kefzK KzKz‡ii gva¨‡g †h A¨vb_ª v· I Ab¨vb¨ †ivM gnvgvwii AvKvi wb‡Z cv‡i, †m K_v †Zv Avgiv Zzwo †g‡i Dwo‡q w`‡Z cvwi bv| jvIqvwik KzKz‡ii †P‡qI cÖK…wZi A‡bK eo kÎæ n‡jv weovj| weovj gv‡ÎB cvwLi kÎæ; jvIqvwik I M„ncvwjZ yB wKwm‡giB| mv`‡i jvwjZ M„ncvwjZ weovjI my‡hvM †c‡j evB‡i wM‡q wkKvi K‡i| ÿzwYœe„wËi Rb¨ bq, wkKv‡ii †ivLUv wU‡K Av‡Q e‡jB weovj †mUv K‡i| DbœZ we‡k¦ weov‡ji KxwZ© wb‡q eo eo M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| Rvbv †M‡Q, hy³iv‡óª wd«-†iwÄs ev jvIqvwik weovj cÖwZeQi 370 †KvwU Rxe ea K‡i; hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q 100 †KvwU cvwL| hy³iv‡óª jvIqvwik weov‡ji †P‡q cvjv weov‡ji msL¨v †ewk| cvjv weovj evwoi evB‡i †M‡j Kx K‡i ZvI †Zv Rvbv ìKvi| b¨vkbvj wRIMÖvwdK †m eë ’v Kij| kZ kZ weov‡ji Mv‡q Ly‡` wfwWI K¨v‡giv jvMvb n‡jv| K¨v‡givq weov‡ji fqven nZ¨vh‡Ái wPÎ aiv coj| wnmve K‡i ejv n‡jv, cvjv weov‡ji Ke‡j hy³iv‡óª cÖwZeQi 240 †KvwU cvwLi g„Zz¨ nq| weovj‡K GLb hy³iv‡óª GK b¤î cvwL nZ¨vKvixi †LZve †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Gici hy³iv‡óª Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k weovj cvjvi Ici Ki Av‡ivc KiviI cÖ¯Íve Avbv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k weov‡ji _vevq cÖK…wZi Kx me©bvk nq Zvi †Kv‡bv wnmveB †bB| Z‡e 50 eQ‡ii AwfÁZv †_‡K Avwg ej‡Z cvwi, Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wPÎ hy³iv‡óªi †P‡q Kg fqven fvevi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| Po–B, UzbUzwb, †gŠUzwm, evZvwm, wcÖbv, †`v‡qj, kvwjK, NyNy BZ¨vw` †hme cvwL †jvKvj‡q evmv euv‡a Zv‡ì Pig ÿwZ nq weov‡ji nv‡Z| cvwLi A‡bK QvbvB evmv †Q‡o D‡o hvIqvi cÖ_g †Póv Kivi mgq gvwU‡Z c‡o hvq| Avkcv‡k weov‡ji Avbv‡Mvbv _vK‡j †m Qvbv‡ì Rxe‡b D‡o hvIqvi wØZxq cÖqv‡mi †Kv‡bv my‡hvMB Avi Av‡m bv| Avgiv hviv weovj fv‡jvevwm Zviv wK †KD GKwU cvwLi Qvbv wba‡biI `vq wb‡Z ivwR AvwQ! evwoi AvwObvq wgD wgD Ki‡Z _vKv weovj Qvbvi Rb¨ hLb GK evwU ya wb‡q hvB ZLb wK Avgiv fvwe cvwLi mv‡_ KZ eo kÎæZv Ki‡Z hvw”Q!

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GLv‡b weov‡ji cÿ mg_©b Kivi g‡Zv GKwU K_v bv ej‡j Avevi Ab¨vq n‡e| †m K_vwU n‡jv, weovj wKš‘ Bu yi `g‡b †ek cUz Ges †jvKvj‡qi Bu yi¸‡jv cvwLi AwZ eo kÎæ| gvby‡li Kvi‡Y †hLv‡bB Bu yi e„w× †c‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB ey‡bvcvwL ÿwZMÖ Í n‡q‡Q| cvwLi Ici Bu y‡ii ÿwZKi cÖfve wb‡q G †`‡k †Kv‡bv M‡elYv nqwb| Z‡e me©fzK GB wbkvPi cÖvYxwU ey‡bvcvwLi Rb¨ KZ fqsKi Zv Avgv‡ì ARvbv bq| wfb‡`wk GKwU NUbvi K_v ewjÑ wdwR Øxccy‡Äi GKwU †QvU Øx‡ci bvg fvUz-B-iv| Qq cÖRvwZi `k nvRvi †Rvov mgy ªcvwLi cÖRbb n‡Zv Rbweij G ØxcwU‡Z| GK mgq AÁvZ Kvi‡Y G Øx‡ci cvwLiv me DrLvZ n‡q †h‡Z _vKj| AbymÜvb K‡i Rvbv †Mj, cvwL aŸs‡mi cÖavb KviY gvby‡li N‡i Bu y‡ii evo-evošÍ| wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡ib, mvaviY nvDm i¨vU Qq QqwU cÖRvwZi mgy ªcvwLi `dvidv K‡i †d‡j‡Q! wKš‘ GUv †Kv‡bv D‡ov K_v bq; M‡elYvjä Z_¨| N‡ii Bu yiiv ˆmK‡Z wM‡q mgy`ªcvwLi Qvbv †L‡Z wk‡L wb‡q‡Q| d‡j `ªæZ eske„w× n‡q‡Q Bu y‡ii; wKš‘ mgy ªcvwL cÖvq †kl| e¨vcviUv Rvbvi ci 2008 mv‡j evW©jvBd B›Uvib¨vkbv‡j Gi cÖwZKv‡ii GKUv eo D‡`¨vM nv‡Z wb‡qwQj| Gi d‡j fvUz-B-iv Øxc GLb Bu yigy³| Bu y‡ii g‡Zv mivmwi cvwL mvevo bv K‡iI wKš‘ Avgiv cvwLnšÍv n‡Z cvwi| †R‡bï‡b cvwLi ÿwZ bv Ki‡jI Avgv‡ì AÁZv, Am‡PZbZv I Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ cvwL wejywß‡Z ARv‡šÍ Avgiv A‡bK Ae`vb ivwL| Avgv‡ì M„ncvwjZ KzKzi-weovj I Gi jvIqvwik AvZ¥xq¯^Rb we‡k¦ cvwLi me‡P‡q eo nZ¨vKvix e‡j we‡ewPZ| GB nZ¨vi A‡bKLvwb `vq †h Avgv‡ì IciB eZ©vq †mUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ iÿv Ki‡Z cvwL I Ab¨vb¨ eb¨cÖvYxi f‚wgKv KZ| †h‡nZz cÖvK…wZK fvimv‡gï Ici Avgv‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ wbf©i K‡i, eb¨cÖvYxi myiÿv †Zv Avgv‡ì Ki‡ZB n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K M„ncvwjZ Rxe cÖvK…wZK fvimv‡gï cwicwš’| Giv Avgv‡ì A‡bK Kv‡R G‡jI Gi msL¨vwaK¨B cÖK…wZi I Avgv‡ì eûwea ÿwZi KviY| ZvB G‡ì msL¨v wbqš¿‡Yi KvRwUI Avgv‡ì nv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j wK Avgiv M„ncvwjZ KzKzi-weovj, nuvm-gyiwM, Miæ-QvMj, me †g‡i †dje! Aek¨B bv| Avgiv G‡ì msL¨v wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z _vKe| cwðgv we‡k¦ Miæ †ewk nIqvq evqygÐ‡j A¨v‡gvwbqv I Ab¨vb¨ wMÖbnvDm M¨vm †e‡o hv‡”Q| we‡k¦ gvby‡li Aw ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡j Miæi msL¨v Kgv‡Z n‡e| Miæ‡K myLv`¨ wKsev Aviva¨ †f‡e mv`‡i jvjb Kivi w`b †kl| Miæ GLb fqsKi GK A¨v‡gvwbqv-d¨v±wi; Gi msL¨v Kgv‡bvB GLb jÿ|

k‡Li e‡k Avgiv †hme cÖvYx N‡i ivwL Zvi msL¨v Kgv‡Z n‡e| we‡kl K‡i KzKzi I weov‡ji g‡Zv †hme cÖvYx cÖK…wZi cÖvYx nZ¨vi Rb¨ `vqx Zvi msL¨v AZ¨šÍ ªæZ Kwg‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì gvbweK ggZ¡‡eva fqsKi nZ¨vh‡Á wjß

jvIqvwik KzKzi-weov‡ji Ici mxwgZ bv †i‡L we‡k¦i cÖvK…wZK cÖvYx‡ì cÖwZ we Í…Z Ki‡Z n‡e| KzKzi-weov‡ji †P‡q evN-wms‡ni cÖwZ ggZv †ewk _vK‡jB †Zv fv‡jv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡ì †e½j UvBMvi my›ìe‡bi me cvwLi iÿvKZ©v Avi Avgv‡ì cywl weovj c„w_exi GK b¤î cvwLnšÍv| gvby‡li Rxe‡b eb¨cÖvYxi bv M„ncvwjZ Rx‡ei ¸iæZ¡ †ewk Zv wb‡q Avgv‡ì g‡b mskq _vKvi †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| M„ncvwjZ Rxe bv _vK‡j gvbyl K‡ó co‡e, wKš‘ gviv hv‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K eb¨cÖvYx bv _vK‡j cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ GZUvB Le© n‡e †h, gvbyl aŸsmcÖvß n‡e| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b eb¨cÖvYx I M„ncvwjZ Rx‡ei Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Kivi c‡_ GKUv eo cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q| cÖwZeÜKZvwUi bvg ÔNwbôZvÕ| Avgv‡ì mv‡_ M„ncvwjZ Rx‡eiB NwbôZv Av‡Q, eb¨cÖvYxi †bB| eb¨cÖvYx KL‡bv Avì PvB‡Z Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Qy‡U Av‡m bv| A_P M„ncvwjZ me Rxe †jR †b‡o Avgv‡ì g‡bviÄb K‡i| M„ncvwjZ Rx‡ei cÖwZB Avgv‡ì gvbweK ì` †ewk cjøweZ nq| †cvlvcÖvYxi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †mB Avw`g NwbôZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †ÌqvUv GLb AvZ¥NvZx e‡j wPwýZ| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi GB 21 kZ‡K eb¨cÖvYx, cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZ msiÿ‡Yi Pvwn`v‡KB Avgv‡ì AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| †jLK: cvwL ch©‡eÿK I cÖwZôvZv, evsjv‡`k evW© K¬ve

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Rybv‡q` Kwei †PŠayix Uz wiRg: my› ie‡bi mvwe©K ÿwZi KviY n‡e bv †Zv?

c„w_exi me©e„nr GKK †gb‡MÖvf eb my›ìeb| my›ìe‡bi †gvU AvqZb cÖvq 5,77,356 †n±i, hvi 1,75,724 †n±i n‡”Q cvwb| 1875-76 mv‡j GjvKvwU‡K wiRvf©W d‡i÷ ev msiwÿZ ebvÂj wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †Ìqv nq| e„wUk Avg‡j my›ìe‡bi AvqZb eZ©gv‡bi cÖvq wØ¸Y wQj| eZ©gvb my›ìe‡bi DË‡i Aew ’Z cÖvq mgcwigvY ebvÂj, Avevw` Rwg I MÖv‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q †M‡Q| e„wUk Avg‡j †NvlYv †Ìqv my›ìeb msiwÿZ ebvÂ†ji 60 kZvsk c‡o‡Q evsjv‡`‡k, evwKUv fvi‡Z| evsjv‡`‡ki ÔmsiwÿZ my›ìeb ebvÂjÕ Rxe‰ewP‡Îï wePv‡i Aek¨B AZ¨šÍ DuPz gv‡bi| †Pwd (1985) Ges G we Gg Gbv‡qZ †nv‡m‡bi (2003) wimvP© †_‡K †`Lv hvq, my›ìe‡b 110 cÖRvwZi MvQMvQvwj we`¨gvb| cÖ‡dmi Gg †K cvkvi (2003) wimv‡P© my›ìe‡b 16 cÖRvwZi jvB‡Kbm Ges Qq cÖRvwZi Gj&wM cvIqvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| cÖ‡dmi G we Gg Gbv‡qZ †nv‡mb Ges cÖ‡dmi Gg †K cvkvi (2003) wimv‡P© my›ìe‡b 21 cÖRvwZi dvb© RvZxq Dw™¢` Ges 17 cÖRvwZi AwK©W cÖvwßi D‡jøL Av‡Q| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, c„w_exi †gvU 58 cÖRvZwi (wm‡bMvi, 1983) †gb‡MÖvf cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ 21wUB (A_©vr 40 kZvsk) my›ìe‡bi ebvÂ‡jB cvIqv hvq| MvQcvjvi GB wekvj êwP‡Îï mv‡_ eb wefvMxq †iKW© †gvZv‡eK, eb¨cÖvYx wnmv‡e my›ìe‡b 315 cÖRvwZi cvwL, 291 cÖRvwZi gvQ, 42 cÖRvwZi Íb¨cvqx I 35 cÖRvwZi mixm„c cvIqv hvq, hvi g‡a¨ †e½j UvBMvi, Kzwgi, nwiY, k~Ki BZ¨vw` Ab¨Zg| my›ìe‡bi GB wekvj Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ Ges Gi ˆbmwM©K `„k¨ ^vfvweKfv‡eB Uz¨wi÷‡ì AvK…ó K‡i| my›ìe‡b ågYKvix‡ì g~jZ yB fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

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µwgK bs Avw_©K mb Uz¨wi÷‡ì msL¨v AwR©Z ivR ^ jÿ UvKvq

1 2000-2001 5150 0.95 2 2001-2002 59369 11.38 3 2002-2003 50595 17.41 4 2003-2004 48828 13.66 5 2004-2005 71202 21.86 6 2005-2006 94214 32.87 7 2006-2007 96002 29.66 8 2007-2008 85188 27.46 9 2008-2009 99427 44.20 10 2009-2010 116990 64.20 11 2010-2011 207930 86.22

Drm: evsjv‡`k eb wefvM †Kv-g¨v‡bR‡g›U KwgwU| †Kv-g¨v‡bR‡g›U -Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z MwVZ ebR m¤ú` eënviKvix‡ì cÖwZwbwa‡ì

KwgwU, hviv GbwUGdwci AwR©Z ivR‡¯î 50 kZvsk Aby`vb wn‡m‡e cv‡eb

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Gme ågYKvix cÖwZwbqZ hv K‡i _v‡K, AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c Zv n‡”QÑ 1. ågYKvixiv †h‡Kv‡bv ’vb w`‡q PjvPj Ki‡Z _v‡K, hv Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY‡K Pigfv‡e e¨vnZ K‡i| 2. Giv hÎZÎ cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj, e¨vMmn bvbv ai‡bi ÔAcPbkxjÕ e ‘ †d‡j, hv cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ÿwZKviK| 3. ågYKvixiv cÖvqB cÖK…wZ †_‡K bvbv wRwbm †hgbÑ dzj, cvZv, kvgyK, wSbyK, KuvKov BZ¨vw` k‡Li e‡k msMÖn K‡i, hv B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi ÿwZ mvab K‡i| 4. `xN© mgq gvBK evRv‡bv nq, hv my›ìe‡bi bxieZv webó K‡i Ges eb¨cÖvYx‡ì kw¼Z K‡i| 5. jÂmg~‡n mviv ivZ evwZ R¡vwj‡q ivLv nq, d‡j jvL jvL †cvKvgvKo gviv hvq, hviv bvbv MvQMvQvwji cwj‡bk‡bi g~j †nvZv| jÂ Ges †Rbv‡iUv‡ii weKU kã eb¨cÖvYx‡ì fxwZi KviY n‡q _v‡K| 6. m‡e©vcwi AwZwi³ †jvK mgvMg IB ’vbwU‡K evRv‡ii g‡Zv GKwU Ae ’v‡b wb‡q hvq, d‡j †Kv‡bv ågYKvixB myb›ìe‡bi ˆbmwM©K †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G K_v Ab ^xKvh©, cÖwZwU B‡Kvwm‡÷‡giB GKwU wba©vwiZ ÔmnbkxjÕ aviYÿgZv i‡q‡Q| gvÎvwZwi³ ågYKvixi mgvMg Aek¨B IB B‡Kvwm‡÷g‡K aŸs‡mi w`‡K wb‡q hv‡e| Dc‡ivwjøwLZ †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, mg‡qi mv‡_ cvjøv w`‡q my›ìe‡b ågYKvixi msL¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Z_¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wi‡MÖkb K‡i cÖvß Avi-¯‹qvi (R2) gvb wbgœiƒc cvIqv hvqÑ

wi‡MÖkb-Gi cÖKvi R2

Wjwbqvi 0.7668

G·‡cv‡bb&wkqvj 0.6253

jMvwi`wgK 0.7766

cvIqvi 0.6256

†gvwfs Gfv‡iR 0.6256

cÖ‡RKkb Kivi Rb¨ wjwbqvi wiM‡ikb BKz‡qkbwUB me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡e e‡j GBwU eënvi K‡i fwel¨‡Z, A_©vr 2020 mv‡j KZ ågYKvix n‡e Ges RbcÖwZ KZ wd n‡e, Zv wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|

BKz‡qkb ywU wbgœiƒc: y = 13.531 x + 27058 where R2 = 0.7638 for visitors (y=visitor, x=year) y = 2.698 x + 17.404 where R2 = 0.7137 for fees or revenue (y=revenue, x=year)

GB BKz‡qkb ywU eënvi K‡i cÖvß MÖvd ywU wbgœiƒc:

†`Lv hv‡”Q, we`¨gvb eë ’v Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j 2015 Ges 2020 mv‡j my›ìe‡b ågYKvix‡ì msL¨v ùvov‡e h_vµ‡g 207,000 †_‡K 275,000 Ges GB m‡½ M‡o RbcÖwZ wd n‡e 35 Ges 71 UvKv| G Ae ’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j mZ¡iB my›ìe‡bi B‡Kvwm‡÷g ågYKvix‡ì fv‡i mg~n ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e| GgZve ’vq miKvi Z_v eb wefvM‡K mZ¡i wbgœewY©Z c`‡ÿcmg~n MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZwU cÖ‡U‡±W Gwiqv‡Z †hLv‡b Uz¨wi÷‡ì åg‡Yi AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡e, †mBiƒc cÖwZwU GjvKvi Rb¨ Uz¨wi÷ aviYÿgZv wbY©q K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv eQiB ÔUz¨wi÷ aviYÿgZvÕi AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv †jvK‡K åg‡Yi AbygwZ cÖ vb Kiv hv‡e bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b AvMvg wU‡KU wewµi eë ’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Riæwi wfwË‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v †bIqv bv n‡j fwel¨‡Z my›ìe‡bi Rxe‰ewP‡Îï mg~n ÿwZ nIqvmn my›ìe‡bi B‡Kvwm‡÷g ågYKvix‡ì fv‡i mg~‡j webó n‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v ¯úó| †jLK: cwi‡ek I eb we‡klÁ

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ARq `vk¸ß

GKwU Li‡mªvZv b`xi cÖZ¨vkvq Avgvi MÖv‡gi evwo ewikvj †Rjvi Av‰MjSvov Dc‡Rjvi ˆMjv MÖv‡g| XvKv †_‡K gv‡Sg‡a¨ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ mnR c_ eënvi KwiÑ XvKv †_‡K ev‡m gvIqv wM‡q w¯úW‡ev‡U cÖgËv b`x cvi nIqv Ges Aci Zx‡i wM‡q †di ev‡m †MŠib`x| Gfv‡e b`x cvi nIqvq SzuwK i‡q‡Q| Z‡e mgq euv‡P| hviv e‡jb Ges wek¦vm K‡ibÑ mg‡qi †P‡q Rxe‡bi g~j¨ †ewk, Zviv Avgvi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Z‡e G c‡_ †h cÖwZw`b K‡qK nvRvi †jvK PjvPj K‡i Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q, †KejB mgq euvPv‡bvi Rb¨| K‡qK gvm Av‡M w¯úW‡ev‡U c`¥v b`x AwZµg K‡iwQ| mdim½x wQ‡jb †bŠcwienb gš¿Yvj‡qi ZrKvjxb mwPe Ave yj gvbœvb nvIjv`vi Ges cwiPvjK (A_©) wd‡ivR Avng`| gvÎ 25 wgwb‡Ui hvÎvq Avgiv cÖgËv G b`xi †XD‡q Av‡›`vwjZ n‡qwQ, KL‡bv †c‡q‡Q k¼v| wecixZ w`K †_‡K Avgv‡ì AwZµg K‡i †Mj fvlvknx` Ave yj eiKZ †dwiwU| G †dwi‡ZB wek¦e¨vs‡Ki m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki 120 †KvwU Wjv‡ii HwZnvwmK FYPzw³ mB n‡qwQj, hv w`‡q G b`x‡Z wbwg©Z nIqvi K_v wQj Qq wK‡jvwgUvi 150 wgUvi j¤^v c`¥v moK I †ij †mZz| G †mZz Pvjy n‡j gvÎ mvZ-AvU wgwb‡UB Mvwo P‡j hv‡e GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Aci cÖv‡šÍ| ZLb wK G b`xi cÖ‡qvRb dzwi‡q hv‡e? evievi G cÖkœ RvM‡Q g‡b| Avgiv w¯úW‡ev‡U †h c_ AwZµg Kwi 25 wgwb‡U, †dwi‡Z cÖ‡‡qvRb c‡o yB †_‡K wZb NÈv| Avgvi D‡jøwLZ md‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wQj ewikv‡ji †MŠib`xi Dc‡Rjvi mv‡nePi GjvKvq cvji`x b`x LbbKvR D‡Øvab| 2008 mv‡j †bŠcwienb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb weAvBWweøDwUG b`xwU Lb‡bi KvR ïiæ K‡iwQj| Z‡e A_©vfve I Ab¨vb¨

Kvi‡Y KvR †ewk `~i AMÖmi nqwb| wKš‘ cÖkœ n‡”Q, †MŠib`x †_‡K moKc‡_ (AvwiPv I gvIqvi †dwi‡Z h‡_ó mgq e¨q nIqvi ciI) †hLv‡b gvÎ cuvP NÈvi g‡aB XvKv Avmv hvq Ges c`¥vq †mZz n‡j †m mgq K‡g wZb NÈvq ùvov‡eÑ †m Ae ’vq XvKv-UiKx jÂ PjvPj mnR Kivi Rb¨ †KvwU †KvwU UvKv e¨q K‡i b`x Lb‡bi Kx ìKvi? Gi DË‡i eje, b`-b`x‡Z wewb‡qvM evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wbwðZ wWwf‡WÛ ev jvf wb‡q Avm‡eB| moKc‡_ hvÎv hZ `ªæZMvgxB †nvK bv †Kb, b`xc‡_i cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡k| mv‡neP‡i b`x Lbb Kg©m~wPi Abyôv‡b e³e¨ ivL‡Z wM‡q †MŠib`x-Av‰MjSvov Avm‡b RvZxq msm` m`m¨ ZvjyK`vi †gvnv¤§` BDbym Ges †bŠcwienb mwPe Ave yj gvbœvb nvIjv`vi e‡jb, K…wlKvR, cwi‡ek iÿv, gvQ Pvl I †bŠ-PjvPj cÖf…wZ bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b PvB †mªvZw ^bx b`x| ewikv‡ji ZrKvjxb †Rjv cÖkvmK Gm Gg Avwidzi ingvb e‡jb, b`x‡Z †mªvZ Rxe‡bI †mªvZ Av‡b| ewikvj kni †h KxZ©b‡Lvjvi Zx‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv‡Z cwj c‡o fivU n‡q hvIqvi NUbvI wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib Ges mswkøó KZ©…c‡ÿi …wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b XvKv-ewikvj, XvKv-cUzqvLvjx, XvKv-†fvjv, XvKv-SvjKvwV, XvKv-ei¸bv, XvKv-ûjvinvU cÖf…wZ iæ‡U A‡bK wÎZj hvÎxevnx jÂ PjvPj K‡i| cÖwZwU‡Z _v‡K nvRv‡ii †ewk hvÎx| Gi GKwU j‡Âi hvÎx en‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb c‡o 20 †_‡K 25wU ev‡mi| wejvmeûj evm n‡j Avmb msL¨v Kg _v‡K Ges GKwU j‡Âi hvÎx en‡bi Rb¨ ìKvi nq Av‡iv †ewk evm| A_P Ave yj gvbœvb nvIjv`v‡ii wnmve D‡cÿv Kwi Kxfv‡eÑ gvjcÎ cwien‡bi Rb¨ moKc‡_ cÖwZ wK‡jvwgUv‡i e¨q c‡o mv‡o Pvi UvKv, †ijc‡_ AvovB UvKv Ges †bŠc‡_ gvÎ 98 cqmv| Zvn‡j †Kb †bŠc_ Avgiv D‡cÿv Kie? moKc_ Avgv‡ì wbg©vY Ki‡Z nq h‡_ó A_© e¨q K‡i Ges G Rb¨ g~jëvb Rwgi eënvi nq| †ijc‡_ Rwg PvB, wbg©vY e¨qI †ewk| wKš‘ b`xc_ cÖK…wZi Acvi `vb| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb gv‡Sg‡a¨ Zv iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv A_©vr †W«wRs| G Kv‡R h‡_ó NvUwZ wQj wewfbœ mg‡q| Avi G Kvi‡YB GK mg‡qi 24 nvRvi wK‡jvwgUvi †bŠc_ GLb K‡g G‡m‡Q gvÎ Qq nvRvi wK‡jvwgUv‡i| †bŠcwienb gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe Rvbv‡jb, miKv‡ii jÿ¨ n‡”Q AšÍZ 12 nvRvi wK‡jvwgUvi †bŠc_ m„wó| cvji`x b`x Lbb ZviB Ask| wKš‘ G KvR mnR bq| eQ‡ii ci eQi Avgiv †Kej Ôdviv°v euva‡KÕ Avgv‡ì b`-b`x ïwK‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ `vqx K‡i wb‡R‡ì Ab¨vb¨ KiYxq fz‡j _vKvi †Póv K‡iwQ| GLb cÖK…wZ Zvi †kva wb‡”Q| Avgv‡ì b`xc_ µ‡g ïwK‡q hv‡”Q Ges G Kvi‡Y ÿwZ eûgyLx: GK. †m‡Pi Rb¨ cvwb Zzj‡Z n‡”Q gvwUi Zj‡`k †_‡K Ges GUv ïay e¨qeûj bq, cwi‡e‡ki RbÏ ÿwZKi| yB. b`-b`xi cvwb aviYÿgZv K‡g hvIqvq el©vKv‡j AvKvk I wngvjq †_‡K †b‡g Avmv cvwb `ªæZ

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yB K‚j cøvweZ K‡i P‡j hvq mvM‡i| wZb. gv‡Qi Drcv`b Kvw•ÿZ gvÎvq ivLv hvq bv| Pvi. cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ webó nIqv| b`x Lbb Ki‡Z GKw`‡K PvB ch©vß †WªRvi Ges Zvi †P‡qI †ewk ìKvi cvwbcÖevn ¯^vfvweK ivLvi eë¯’v| Avgv‡ì fvi‡Zi m‡½ i‡q‡Q Awfbœ Aa©kZvwaK b`-b`x| fviZ M½v-wZ¯Ívmn K‡qKwU b`x‡Z euva w`‡q Ab¨vb¨fv‡e cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i Avgv‡ì jvBdjvBb wewNœZ Ki‡Q| G mgm¨vi mgvav‡b bvbvgyLx †Póv Pj‡Q| G Rb¨ fvi‡Zi mw`”Qv I mycÖwZ‡ekxmyjf g‡bvfv‡ei we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì miKvwi †W«Rvi en‡ii nvj eoB KiæY| evsjv‡`‡ki mªóviv G mgm¨v bZzb †`k wn‡m‡e hvÎv ïiæi j‡Mœ †f‡ewQ‡jb| ^vaxbZvi ci cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv n‡qwQj Ave`yi ie †miwbqvev‡Zi Ici| wZwb ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ †bŠc_ mPj ivL‡Z b`-b`x wbqwgZ Lb‡bi Rb¨ mvZwU †W«Rvi wK‡bwQ‡jb| ^vaxb †`‡ki Pvi `kK AwZµvšÍ nIqvi ciI G¸‡jvB fimv| GLb †bŠcwienb gš¿Yvj‡qi K‡qKwU †W«Rvi i‡q‡Q| †emiKvwi Lv‡ZI K‡qKwU †Kbv n‡q‡Q| miKvi †bŠc‡_i bve¨Zv wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ Zrci nIqvq Av‡iv †MvUv `‡kK †W«Rvi †`‡k Avm‡Q| cÖvB‡fU †m±iI GLb AvMÖnx n‡q‡Q| Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q, G Lv‡Z A_© wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡j Zv †mvbv wK‡b ivLvi g‡ZvB wWwf‡WÛ †`‡e| b`-b`x Lbb †_‡K jvfevb nIqvi my‡hvM A‡b‡Ki i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki jv‡fi K_v e‡jwQ| G LbbKvR †_‡K cÖPzi evjy D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡e| G evjy webv cqmvq wKsev bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ cvIqv hvq| †W«Rvi †_‡K evjy Zz‡j †Kv_vq †djv n‡e Ges Kviv mydj cv‡e, †mUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖfvekvjx e¨w³iv G myweav MÖn‡Y Zrci nq| b`x Lb‡bi KvR h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœ n‡j `yB cv‡k cÖPzi Rwg I wbPz GjvKv fivU n‡e| Af¨šÍixY †bŠc‡_i 24wU iæ‡U K¨vwcUvj †W«wRs‡qi †h cwiKíbv weAvBWweøDwU-Gi i‡q‡Q Zv m¤úbœ n‡j b`xc_ Av‡iv mPj n‡e| wKš‘ G Kv‡R AMÖMwZ GLb ch©šÍ „k¨gvb bq| b`-b`x Lb‡bi bvbv mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| G c‡_i wKQy GjvKvq †bŠKv QvovI jÂ-RvnvR P‡j| wKš‘ b`-b`x †Zv ALÐ| Gi Lbb cwiKíbvI †mfv‡eB nIqv DwPZ| AvBWweøDwU-G Zvi As‡k KvR hZ myôzfv‡eB m¤úbœ KiæK, b`xi †bŠhvb bv Pjv As‡k GKB m‡½ †W«wRs Kiv bv n‡j cvwb Rg‡e `ªæZ Ges Gfv‡eB b`x‡Z UvKvi bv‡g cvwb Xvjv n‡e| GLb Riæwi cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q †bŠcwienb I cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi g‡a¨ b`-b`x Lb‡bi Kv‡R mgš^q mvab Kiv|

Av‡iv GKwU mgm¨v i‡q‡QÑ wewfbœ b`x‡Z †mZz wbg©vY| hgybvq e½eÜz †mZzi cÖwZwU wcjv‡ii Pvicv‡k cwj R‡g‡Q| Ab¨ me †mZzi Pvicv‡kI GKB „k¨ †`Lv hvq| hgybvq GK cvi †_‡K Aci cv‡i we y¨r †bIqvi Rb¨ †h B÷-I‡q÷ wMÖW emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖwZwU wcjv‡ii cv‡kI R‡g‡Q cwj| b`x †W«wRs Kivi Rb¨ GKwU wewa i‡q‡Q, hv‡Z ejv Av‡QÑ †mZzi wcjv‡ii Avkcv‡k †W«wRs Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY Zv‡Z †mZzi ÿwZ n‡e| A_P †mZzi wcjv‡ii cv‡k cwj Rgvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| G mgm¨vi KvwiMwi mgvavb cÖ‡qvRb Ges GKB m‡½ PvB mgwš^Z bxwZ| Avkv Kie, mswkøó KZ©…cÿ G wel‡q ªæZ Kvh©Ki wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡e| c`¥vq †mZz ¯^cœB †_‡K †Mj| cwðg I `wÿYvÂ‡ji gvby‡li Rb¨ Dbœq‡bi bZzb w`MšÍ GLb ch©šÍ eÜ| Z‡e ¯^cœ c~iY n‡j bZzb wKQy mgm¨v †`Lv †`‡e| GLb †bŠiæU Pvjy ivLv, we‡kl K‡i gvIqv-KvIivKvw›` iæ‡U †dwi mPj ivLvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ wKQy †W«wRs KvR Kiv n‡”Q| †mZz Pvjy n‡j Gi ZvwM` Kg‡e e‡jB k¼v| Gi A_© n‡”Q c`¥v Av‡iv ïwK‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ ZLb Av‡iv †ewk wbf©i Kiv n‡e evm iæ‡Ui Ici| d‡j Av‡iv †ewk A_© e¨q n‡e| wKš‘ Gi †P‡qI eo K_v, b`x ïwK‡q †M‡j †m‡Pi Rb¨ Kg cvwb wgj‡e, eb¨v Av‡iv cÖej †e‡M AvNvZ nvb‡e, gv‡Qi Drcv`b Kg n‡e Ges cÖK…wZ Av‡iv †ewk †iv‡l AvQ‡o co‡Z _vK‡e| Avgiv wbðqB †mUv PvBe bv| Avgiv moK I †ij PjvP‡ji Rb¨ †mZz PvB| c`¥vq †mZz n‡j ewikvj-dwi`cyi AÂ‡ji A‡b‡K evwo †_‡KB XvKvq Awdm Ki‡Z cvi‡e| A_©bxwZ‡Z Avm‡e Avg~j cwieZ©b| wKš‘ GKB m‡½ PvB GKwU Li‡mªvZv I Mfxi b`x, hv `xN©‡gqv‡` ïay bq, ^í‡gqv‡ì RbÏ G‡b †`‡e †mvbvi dmj| †jLK: mvsevw`K

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Avjx Bgvg

cwi‡ek wech©q wb‡q fvebv ÔcÖK…wZ I Rxeb dvD‡ÛkbÕ Aa¨vcK wØ‡Rb kg©v‡K ÔcÖK…wZ msiÿYÕ c`K cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| wØ‡Rb kg©v wbf…ZPvix gvbyl| mviv Rxeb e„ÿ mvwbœ‡a¨ KvwU‡q‡Qb| Mfxi GK wek¦v‡m AbycÖvwYZ n‡q e„ÿ wel‡q †jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Qb| Zvi Ôk¨vgjx wbmM©Õ mymgvPv‡ii g‡Zv evZ©v enb K‡i‡Q| Avgvi Kv‡Q Zv‡K Z‡cve‡bi GKRb Fwli g‡ZvB g‡b n‡q‡Q| Zvi hvwcZ Rxeb AwZ ï×| Kj¨vY‡ev‡a wZwb Aweivg mgwc©Z| Gme mij gvbyl cÖvqB Ae‡nwjZ _v‡Kb| Zviv Aek¨ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖvwßi cÖZ¨vkvq _v‡Kb bv; bxi‡e, wbf…‡Z KvR K‡i hvb| wZwb GK mgq bUi †Wg gnvwe`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv K‡iwQ‡jb| dwi yi †iRv mvMi Zvi QvÎ wQj| mvMi eZ©gv‡b ÔP¨v‡bj AvBÕ-Gi eë ’vcbv cwiPvjK| ÔcÖK…wZ I RxebÕ P¨v‡bj AvB‡qi GKwU mvgvwRK `vqe×Zvi cwi‡ekwelqK Abyôvb| c`KcÖvß wØ‡Rb kg©v Rvbv‡jb Zvi A‡bK w`‡bi ^cœ wQj Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †Kv‡bv P¨v‡bj Ôb¨vkbvj wRIMÖvwdÕi g‡Zv cÖK…wZwelqK cÖvgvY¨ Abyôvb cÖPvi Ki‡e| ÔcÖK…wZ I RxebÕ Abyôv‡b Zv-B cÖwZdwjZ n‡”Q| mvMi Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jv Kxfv‡e ZiæY eq‡m wØ‡Rb kg©v m¨vi Avgv‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgv‡K †m g‡b Kwi‡q w`j, 1977 mv‡ji wewUwfi cÖvYZi‡½i K_v; †h AbyôvbwU Dc¯’vcbv KiZ mvMi, cÖ‡hvRbv KiZvg Avwg| †mB Abyôv‡b mvMi wØ‡Rb kg©v‡K cÖK…wZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡q AvmZ| wØ‡Rb kg©v Av‡ÿc K‡i ej‡Zb, gvbyl Zvi DcKvix eÜz MvQ‡K mwVKfv‡e †P‡b bv, Ae‡njv K‡i| Avgiv e„ÿ‡cÖwgK wØ‡Rb kg©v‡KI wVKfv‡e wPb‡Z cvwiwb| Zvi gZvgZ Ges K_vi AšÍwb©wnZ A_© eyS‡Z cvwiwb| ÔZiæcjøeÕ bv‡gi GKwU wbmM© m‡PZb ms ’v Avgv‡K wbqwgZfv‡e Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q

_v‡K, Zv‡ì MvQ †Pbvi Abyôv‡b AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨| cÖwZ gv‡mi GK ïµev‡i cÖmbœ †fvi‡ejvq igbv cv‡K© Zviv GB MvQ †Pbvi AbyôvbwU AvšÍwiKZvi m‡½ K‡i| bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Drmvn f‡i MvQ †Pbvb wØ‡Rb kg©v| wZwb n¨vwgj‡bi †mB eskxev`‡Ki g‡Zv GK MvQ †_‡K Ab¨ Mv‡Qi cÖwZ QyU‡Z _v‡Kb| Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡K GB cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡qiv| wØ‡Rb kg©v ggZvi m‡½ wewfbœ e„‡ÿi m‡½ Zv‡ì cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b| wZwb e„ÿmLv| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k bxi‡e uvwo‡q Av‡Q e„ÿmKj| Avgiv Zvi KÕUv wPwb? wØ‡Rb kg©vi m½x _v‡Kb wbmM©‡cÖgx wecÖ`vk eo–qv, cwi‡ek †jLK †gvKvig †nv‡mb, cvwL‡cÖgx kixd Lvb| Avwg †`wL igbv D`¨v‡bi meyR Ziæcjø‡ei AšÍi½ mvwbœ‡a¨ G‡m wØ‡Rb kg©v KZUv cÖmbœ n‡q D‡V‡Qb| †hb ev w¯œ» Rjavivq ¯œvZ n‡q D‡V‡Qb wZwb| bvMwiK DrKÉv, D‡ØM Avi KjylZv †_‡K gy³ n‡”Qb| Zvi †Pv‡Lgy‡L gy»Zv| wZwb wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡i‡Qb cy®újZv| meyR Nv‡mi MÜ Zv‡K Z‡cve‡bi cwi‡e‡ki K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi QvwZg e„‡ÿi wb‡P †k¦Zcv_‡i DrKxY© Av‡QÑ ÔGLv‡b kvwšÍ, GLv‡b Avivg|Õ Avgvi Kv‡Q wØ‡Rb kg©v‡K ZLb g‡b nq wZwb eywS Dcwbl‡ì Fwl hvÁe‡éi g‡Zv D”PviY Ki‡eb, ÔZv wb‡q Avwg Kx Kie, hv Avgv‡K Ag„Z †`‡e bv|Õ Avwg Rvwb, GB g‡nvËg evK¨‡K PivP‡i nvnvKvi aŸwbi g‡Zv †kvbv‡e, nƒrwcÐ we`xY© n‡e, ÿZweÿZ n‡e| wKš‘ wbôzi mgvR †_‡K Zvi †Kv‡bv m yËi cvIqv hv‡e bv| Z‡e wK Avgiv Gwj‡qU ewY©Z ÔeÜ¨v RwgÕ†Z wd‡i P‡jwQ? MvQMvQvwji cÖwZ wØ‡Rb kg©vi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv| Dw™¢ RMZ n‡”Q Zvi fvebvi cÖavb welq| hLb Avgv‡ì bMix µ‡gB Kswµ‡Ui wekvj GK ew Í‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z P‡j‡Q ZLb Ziæcjø‡ei GB AvšÍwiK cÖqvm Avgv‡ì wPË‡K cÖmbœ K‡i †Zv‡j| nviv‡bv w`‡bi Pjw”P‡Îi †mB RbwcÖq MvbwUi K_v g‡b c‡oÑ

Ô†kv‡bv eÜz †kv‡bv cÖvYnxb GB kn‡ii BwZK_v B‡Ui cuvR‡i, †jvnvi LuvPvq `viæY gg©e¨_v| GLv‡b AvKvk †bB, GLv‡b evZvm †bB GLv‡b Av‡Q AÜMwji gyw³i AvKzjZv|Õ

wØ‡Rb kg©v Avgv‡ì †PZbv‡ev‡a cÖejfv‡e bvov w`‡q hvb| Pvicv‡k hLb Aeÿ‡qi Qvc cÖKU n‡q D‡V‡Q ZLb wØ‡Rb kg©vi cÖqvm g½jRbK| ÔA™¢zZ Auvavi GK c„w_ex‡Z G‡m‡Q AvR|Õ Avgv‡ì †`‡ki A‡bK AÂ‡j Pj‡Q e„ÿwba‡bi g‡nvrme| wbwe©Pv‡i KvUv n‡”Q MvQ| mg~‡j Dc‡o †djv n‡”Q cy®úgq e„ÿ| wen½Kzj Zvn‡j †Kv_vq wM‡q AvkÖq

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†b‡e? †Kv_vq euva‡e wbivc` bxo? ïay avZe KvVv‡gv‡Z M‡o DV‡e bMixi web¨vm| cÖK…wZ‡K µgvMZfv‡e aŸsm K‡i †dj‡j cÖK…wZ Aek¨B Awbevh©fv‡e GKw`b Zvi cÖwZ‡kva †b‡e| cwi‡ekweÁvbxiv e‡j‡Qb, wmÜz mf¨Zvi cÖvPxb bMix g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv jyß n‡qwQj cwi‡ek wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y| giæKiY cÖwµqv G AÂj‡K MÖvm K‡i †d‡jwQj| De©i Rbc` n‡q c‡owQj eÜ¨v| g„wËKvq wQj bv dm‡ji m¤¢vebv| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k wK eZ©gv‡b †mB fqven jÿYwU cÖKU n‡q dz‡U D‡V‡Q? Avgiv †Zv †mB Rbc‡ì evwm›`v, Ô†h †`‡k k¨vgj is igYxi mybvg ï‡bwQ|Õ GB RjR †`‡ki KvRjKv‡jv, Nb †g‡Ni Qvqv wK Zvn‡j a~mi ¯§„wZ n‡q hv‡e? w`M‡šÍ gixwPKvI _vK‡e bv| wbe©vK, bxj wbg©g gnvKvk Avgv‡ì GK KwVb m‡Zï mvg‡b gy‡LvgywL uvo Kiv‡e| †mvbvwj Wvbvi wPj‡ì Aeva IovDwo‡Z KvZi n‡q _vKv wf‡R †g‡Ni ycyi¸‡jvi w œ»Zv Avi _vK‡e bv| Li †iv‡ì ZvccÖev‡n Avgv‡ì Awaevmxiv

Zvgv‡U RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| wØ‡Rb kg©vi g‡Zv M¤¢xi gvby‡liv G iKg DrKwÉZ cÖn‡i Avgv‡ì Rb¨ ïfKi evZ©v †kvbv‡bvi cÖqvm wb‡”Qb| PvB‡Qb Avgv‡ì g½j‡eva‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡Z| ïf †PZbv‡K DÏxß Ki‡Z| weåvwšÍi †Pvivevwj‡Z hLb Zwj‡q †h‡Z e‡mwQ ZLb wZwb mZK©evYx D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| nviv‡bv g~j¨‡eva‡K Avevi Mfxi wek¦v‡m wdwi‡q Avb‡Z PvB‡Qb| wZwb nƒ`‡qi K_v Kwn‡Z e¨vKzj| Avgiv wK wØ‡Rb kg©vi AvnŸvb‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z cviwQ? Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖK…wZ I weeZ©b PP©vi cw_K…r wZwb| mviv Rxeb a‡i cÖej GK gy»Zvq Av”Qbœ n‡q Dw™¢ RM‡Zi ARvbv, inm¨gq, we¯§qKi Z_¨vewj D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wK Kwe¸iæi †mB ÔejvBÕ, †h MvQ KvU‡j `viæY iK‡gi Kó cvq| wZwb †mB mij wek¦v‡m AbycÖvwYZ n‡q cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Dw™¢‡ì m‡½ gvby‡li KZ wbweo mL¨ i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek GLb fqvenfv‡e wech©‡qi gy‡L| Akwb ms‡KZ cwiùzU n‡q D‡V‡Q| fwel¨‡Zi †jv‡Kiv wK Mv‡½q AeevwnKvi G AÂ‡j giæKiY cÖwµqv wel‡q M‡elYv Ki‡e? g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi (g„‡Zi kni) g‡Zv wecbœ GK AÂ‡ji KiæY BwZnvm iPbv Ki‡e? wjL‡e Zvgv‡U RvwZi Awaevmxiv Zv‡ì ebvÂ‡ji webvk K‡iwQj| Dw™¢` RMZ‡K wecbœ K‡iwQj| b`xi ^”Q cvwbcÖevn‡K `~wlZ K‡iwQj| Zviv iæcvwj km¨ grm¨ cÖRvwZ‡K jyß K‡iwQj| cwi‡ek wech©‡qi g~j KviY †h Dw™¢‡ì h‡_”Q wbab cÖwµqv, G mZK©evYx wØ‡Rb kg©v eûfv‡e D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| bó gvby‡li wPrKv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi webgª K‡Éi D”PviY‡K Avgiv ïb‡Z cvBwb| Avwg Kvb †c‡Z iB| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwi‡ek µgvMZfv‡e ~l‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î kw³kvjx †Mvôxi Aïf ZrciZvq GB ~wlZKiY cÖwµqvwU cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| wecbœ

cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ Avgv‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ msK‡Ui gy‡L| cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ n‡q‡Q ÿzYœ| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi gvÎv †Kv_vI GZUvB we¯Í…Z g‡b nq †h, ÔbvwMbxiv Pvwiw`‡K †dwj‡Z‡Q welv³ wbtk¦vm|Õ †hb GK k¦vmiæ×Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgiv µgvMZ NyicvK Lvw”Q| Avgv‡ì b`x, eb, gvwU wecbœ n‡q‡Q| b`x¸‡jv Zij e‡R©ï †mªv‡Z K¤úgvb| BU‡Lvjvq gvÎvwZwi³ Kve©b WvB-A·vBW M¨vm wbM©Z nIqvq mswkøó GjvKvq evqy ~‡Yi gvÎv w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q, `ªæZ K‡g hv‡”Q dj` Mv‡Qi djb| dmwj Rwg‡Z Aev‡a M‡o D‡V‡Q BUfvUv| Avi Gfv‡e Avgv‡ì Rbc`¸‡jv‡Z g„Zzï NÈv †e‡R P‡j‡Q| De©iZv kw³i ÿq NU‡Q| cÖavb mgm¨v n‡”Q cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi G cÖwµqvq mvgvwRKfv‡e kw³kvjx †Mvôxiv RwoZ| †ewbqv‡Mvôx †jv‡f Ges AwZwi³ gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Aïf ZrciZv Aev‡a Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Zviv Zv‡ì A‰ea Kvh©µg‡K êaZv w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi †ek K‡qKwU gvivZ¥K wech©q m„wóKvix NUbvi weiæ‡× iæ‡L uvwo‡qwQ‡jb cwi‡ekev`x AvBbRxex ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb| wZwb `xN©w`b †_‡K GKvšÍ wbôvi m‡½ Zvi ïf Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| Avgiv wewfbœ mgq Zvi †Rviv‡jv e³‡eï m‡½ cwiwPZ nw”Qjvg| Zvi msMÖvg wed‡j hvqwb| wZwb AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ^xK…wZ AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| G eQ‡ii ÔGwkqvi †bv‡ejÕ e‡j L¨vZ g¨vM‡m‡m cyi¯‹v‡i wef‚wlZ n‡q‡Qb| †hb bZzb K‡i cÖZ¨‡qi `xwß‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡jb| AvkvRvMvwbqv n‡q DVjvg Avgiv| Aïf ZrciZvi weiæ‡× RbgZ‡K msMwVZ Kivi cÖqvm G‡Z m~wPZ n‡e| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwi‡ek myiÿvi Av‡›`vj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zv BwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡e| Zvi GB cyi¯‹vicÖvwß‡K ÿgZvmxb Aïf P‡µi Rb¨ AvZ¼ n‡q †`Lv †`‡e| cwi‡ek iÿvi Av‡›`vj‡b b¨vqwePv‡ii welq‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ wZwb GB cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb| welqwU‡K Avcmnxbfv‡e I mvnwmKZvi m‡½ GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q| G †`‡ki wecbœZvi w`‡K ªæZ avegvb cwi‡ek‡K myiwÿZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb GB AvBbRxex| †h kw³kvjx Pµ Zv‡ì †`v`©Ð ÿgZvi cÖZv‡c G †`‡ki cwi‡ek‡K µgvMZ wecbœ Ges ~wlZ K‡i P‡j‡Q Zv‡ì weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb wZwb| KL‡bv Zv‡K iæ‡L uvov‡Z n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ mgq AvBwb jovB‡qi gva¨‡g ~lYKvix‡ì ~lYwµqv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| G Kvi‡Y Zv‡K cÖPzi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡q‡Q| cÖwKK‚j cwi‡e‡ki weiæ‡× msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| A‡bK mgq cÖwZwµqvkxj †Mvôx Zvi Rxe‡bi wbivcËv weNœ Kivi ûgwK w`‡q‡Q| Zvi Kvh©µg‡K APj K‡i †Ìqvi bvbvwea Ac‡Póv P‡j‡Q| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜKZvB ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi †Rw` g‡bvfve Ges „p „wó G‡Z mnvqK kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| †Uwj‡dv‡b Zv‡K AK_¨ fvlvq MvjvMvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| nvo‡Mvo †f‡O †djvi ûgwK †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

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KviY Zvi A‡bK jovB‡q gvwdqv‡Mvôx wecbœ †eva K‡i‡Q| wZwb „pZvi m‡½ GwM‡q‡Qb| Zvi Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb| Zvi G cÖqvm AZ¨šÍ mvnmx c`‡ÿc e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kv‡bv iK‡gi evav Zv‡K wbi¯Í Ki‡Z cvij bv| Zvi K‡qKwU c`‡ÿc wQj ytmvnmx †PZbvi cwiPq| RvnvRfvOv wkí I Gi d‡j fqven cwi‡ek `~lY msµvšÍ Zvi AvBwb jovB Avgv‡ì Avkvwš^Z K‡i| AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡eI Zv „wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg nq| cyi¯‹vi †NvlYvi ci ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb ZvB gšÍe¨ Ki‡jb, ÔkZ cÖwZK‚jZvi g‡aÏ g‡bvej k³ K‡i KvR Ki‡j †h AR©b Av‡m g¨vM‡m‡m cyi¯‹vi cvIqv ZviB D`vniY|Õ mgv‡Ri GK kw³kvjx Aïf‡Mvôxi weiæ‡× Zv‡K jovB Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| GB †Mvôxi c„ô‡cvlKZvq Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek µ‡gB wecbœ n‡q‡Q| G‡ì wkícÖwZôv‡bi ivmvqwbK eR© †Wªb w`‡q b`x‡Z c‡o b`xi cvwb cÖev‡n wel wgwk‡q‡Q| UjU‡j ^”Q cvwb‡K AvjKvZivi g‡Zv K‡i‡Q| welv³ cvwb eënvi Kiv hvq bv| Rwg‡Z †mP †Ìqv hvq bv| gvQmn e¨vO Ges KxUcZ½I gviv †M‡Q| bvbv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q gvbyl| cvwb ~l‡Yi gvÎv wec¾bK ch©vq Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| GK`vi ^”Q, my‡cq cvwbi PÂjv b`x GLb kxY©Kvq g„Z b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| b`xi eyK Ry‡o Kv‡jv, cPv, yM©Ühy³ cvwb, hv GjvKvi wgj-KjKviLvbvi welv³ eR© I| ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb‡K Avwg Gme wel‡q †mv”Pvi n‡Z †`‡LwQ| AvU eQi Av‡M Avwg hLb wewUwf‡Z Ôn¨v‡jv, Avcbv‡K ejwQÕ bv‡g GKwU mivmwi Abyôvb mÂvjbv KiZvg ZLb Zvi GB mvnmx cwiPq †c‡qwQjvg| GKvwaK Abyôv‡b Ask wb‡q mcÖwZffv‡e wZwb Zvi e³e¨‡K Dc ’vwcZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi cÖKvkfw½‡Z KL‡bv A ^”QZv †`wLwb| †m mgq wZwb avbgwÐ †j‡Ki ~lY †iv‡ai Rb¨ RbgZ MVb Ki‡Qb| cwi‡ek euvPvI Av‡›`vjb‡K AvBwb mnvqZv w`‡”Qb| †ejvi KvR m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| ÔeywoM½v euvPvI Av‡›`vj‡bÕ Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl Movi KvwiMi Aa¨vcK Ave yjøvn Avey mvqx` m¤ú„³ n‡jb| Avgiv †`LZvg ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmv‡bi AKvU¨ hyw³¸‡jv gvbyl‡K DÏxß Ki‡Q| Zv‡K wb‡q †ek KÕwU wUwf Abyôvb Kivi ci Avwg A‡b‡Ki KvQ †_‡KB gZvgZ †c‡qwQjvg| Zviv †ÿv‡fi m‡½ Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, Kxfv‡e AvevwmK GjvKv‡Z KjKviLvbv M‡o D‡V cwi‡ek webó Ki‡Q| †Ljvi gvV `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q Avevmb cÖKí| Rjvkq fivU Kiv n‡”Q| jÿ¨ K‡iwQjvg Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †jvKRb µ‡gB welqwUi ¸iæZ¡‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Avgvi Ggb wek¦vm n‡jv †h, ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmv‡bi cÖvYešÍ Dc¯’vcbv G ai‡bi m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z mnvqK f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q| mvfvi AÂ‡ji †ek K‡qKwU WvBs KviLvbv‡K Lvj-wej `~l‡Yi Aciv‡a `Ð cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv| BU‡Lvjv Kxfv‡e cwi‡ek wech©q NUv‡”Q, Gi cÖvgvY¨

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mvkÖq K‡i| mv‡ci LvIqv Ab¨ cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ e¨vO, mixm„c, cvwL Ges Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvc ïayB mvc Lvq, †hgbÑ ivR‡MvLiv|

mvc wb‡Ri wel wb‡R †kvlY K‡i! e¨vL¨v: mv‡ci †kvlY Kivi †Kv‡bv †gKvwbRg †bB| myZivs wel †kvlY Kivi †Zv cÖkœB Av‡m bv| G aviYvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q mvcy‡oiv| Zviv mv‡c Kvgov‡bv †ivMxi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmvB Rv‡b bv| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z †jvKR‡bi AÁvbZvi my‡hv‡M GK‡PwUqv eëmv M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| G‡ì‡K ISv e‡jI AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| mv‡c KvUv †ivMxi Rb¨ gvbyl Zv‡ì †W‡K Av‡b Ges Gme ISviv Ggb fve †`Lvq, †hb †h mv‡c Kvgo w`‡q‡Q †m mvcwU‡K G‡bB wel †kvlY Kiv‡e| G Rb¨ Avmvi mgq A‡bK w`‡bi ÿzav_© mvc †ivMxi evwoi KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv †Sv‡c †Q‡o w`‡q Av‡m| (mvc gv‡mi ci gvm bv †L‡q euvP‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e ye©j n‡q c‡o) Gici †ivMxi evwo‡Z G‡m wKQyÿY weoweo K‡i gš¿ D”PviY K‡i Ges e‡j, mvc evwoi Kv‡Q G‡m †M‡Q| Ggb fve †`Lvq, †hb Luy‡R †eov‡”Q Ges GK mgq †Sv‡c nvZ w`‡q mvc †ei K‡i wb‡q Av‡m| gvbyl mvcy‡oi GB evnv ywi‡Z gy» nq| Gici mvcy‡o †mB mv‡ci gyL mv‡c Kvgov‡bv ¯’v‡b †Quvqvq I †`Lvq mvc Zvi wb‡Ri wel wb‡R †kvlY Ki‡Q| e ‘Zc‡ÿ †ivMxwU‡K nq‡Zv wbwe©l mv‡c Kvgo w`‡qwQj wKsev welai mv‡c Kvgov‡jI AwZ mvgvb¨ wel cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj, †h we‡l eo‡Rvo GKUv Bu yi gi‡Z cviZ| †h mvcUv w`‡q wel †kvl‡Yi fve †`Lv‡bv nq Avm‡j †mUv †Kv‡bv wbwe©l mvc A_ev welai n‡jI wel uvZ fvOv|

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mv‡ci cv †h †`L‡e †m ivRv n‡e! e¨vL¨v: Avm‡j mv‡ci †Kv‡bv cv †bB| myZivs ivRv nIqviI †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| GwU AcK_b Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| mv‡ci cv †`Lvi Rb¨ wKQy AeyS †jvK wKsev †Kv‡bv wkï †SvcSv‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z mv‡c Kvgov‡bvi Avk¼v †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs ivRv nIqvi Avkvq mv‡ci cv Lyu‡R †eov‡bvi †Kv‡bv êÁvwbK wfwË †bB| eis wkïmn eo‡ì Rvwb‡q †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb, mv‡ci †Kv‡bv cv †bB| Zš¿gš¿! e¨vL¨v: ISvi Zš¿gš¿ e‡j †h K_b i‡q‡Q, Zv wfwËnxb| ISv mvc aivi Rb¨ †h mÿgZv †`Lvq ev mv‡ci wel bvgv‡bvi Rb¨ †h fvefw½ K‡i, Zv Zš¿gš¿wfwËK bq| ISv mvc aivi e¨vcv‡i †h we‡klÁ, G‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| †m weoweo K‡i wVKB, Z‡e †jvK †`Lv‡bv| Avm‡j Giv eskci¤úivq mvc aivi †KŠkj iß K‡i| mvc Kv‡b †kv‡b bv A_P ISviv A‡bK mgq Avq Avq e‡j gvwU‡Z AvNvZ K‡i| d‡j gvwU‡Z fvB‡eªkb ev K¤ú‡bi d‡j mvc A‡bK mgq †ewi‡q Av‡m| †Kbbv mvc Kv‡b bv ïb‡jI K¤úb Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges kÎæ †f‡e MZ© †_‡K †ewi‡q c‡o| m‡½ m‡½ mvcy‡o Zvi wÿcÖZv I `ÿZvi mv‡_ mv‡ci Mjvi w`KUv †P‡c a‡i| euvwki my‡ii Zv‡j Zv‡j mvc †`v‡j! e¨vL¨v: euvwki †Kv‡bv myiB mvc †kv‡b bv| mvcy‡oiv euvwk evRv‡bvi Zv‡j Zv‡j gv‡Sg‡a¨ gvwU‡Z AvNvZ Kivq K¤ú‡bi d‡j mv‡ci Abyf‚wZ mRvM _v‡K| euvwki Gw`K-Iw`K †`vjv‡bvi fw½ w`‡q mvcy‡o GK Aven ˆZwi K‡i gvbyl‡K gy» K‡i| GB †h †Ljv Zviv †`Lvq Zvi meB cÖvq welai mvc, we‡kl K‡i †MvLiv mvc w`‡q †`Lvq| KviY †MvLiv mvc dYv †Zv‡j Ges G‡Z `k©K‡ì Kv‡Q mvcy‡oiv euvwki welqwU‡K Av‡iv wk¦vm‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Zc‡ÿ Gme mv‡ci wel uvZ †f‡O †djvq Giv wbwe©l _v‡K, ZvB GUv m¤¢e nq| mvc I †ewRi hy‡× †ewR GK cÖKvi cvZv eënvi K‡i welwµqv bó K‡i! e¨vL¨v: mvc I †ewRi m¤úK©‡K ejv nq Ômv‡c-†bD‡j m¤úK©Õ| Avgiv mvaviYZ wPikÎæ‡ì †ejvq G cÖev`wU eënvi K‡i _vwK| Avm‡jI mvc I †ewRi m¤úK© gayi bq| KviY †ewR mvc Lvq, we‡kl K‡i mv‡ci ev”Pv| †ewR cÖavbZ cÖPzi Bu yi I †cvKvgvKo Lvq, Z‡e mv‡ci msL¨v wbqš¿‡YI Gi Rywo †bB| hwÌ †ewR mvaviYZ eo eo mvc Gwo‡q P‡j, wKš‘ GKevi hy× eva‡j †ewRi weRq Aek¨¤¢vex| G †ÿ‡Î †ewRi wÿcÖZv, Mv‡qi †jvg¸‡jv Lvov ivLv Ges †KŠkj Zv‡K Rqx K‡i _v‡K| cÖ_gZ, mvc cÖ_‡g gv_v Zz‡j †ewR‡K AvµgY Ki‡j †m wÿcÖZvi mv‡_ mvc‡K AvµgY K‡i| wØZxqZ, mvc hZevi Kvgo w`‡q wel Xv‡j,

ZZeviB Zv †ewRi Lvov †jv‡gi Ici wM‡q c‡o| Z…ZxqZ, †ewR †KŠk‡j PU K‡i †Sv‡c jywK‡q mvgvb¨ wekÖvg wb‡q Avevi wd‡i Av‡m| B‡Zvg‡a¨ mvc gv_v bvgvq Ges †ewR G‡mB mv‡ci gv_v Kvg‡o a‡i| †ewRi †Sv‡c †XvKvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl g‡b K‡i †m GK cÖKvi cvZv Kvg‡oi ’v‡b QuyB‡q Av‡m, †h cvZv mv‡ci wel †_‡K †ewR‡K euvPvq| Avm‡j Gi †Kv‡bv mZ¨Zv †bB| gy‡Li K_vq mv‡ci wel bv‡g! e¨vL¨v: gy‡Li †Kv‡bv K_vqB mv‡ci wel bv‡g bv| GUv mvcy‡o‡ì Ac‡KŠkj gvÎ| Giv Svoduz‡Ki cÖfve †`Lv‡Z wM‡q AkÖve¨ fvlvq AbM©j K_v e‡j Ges †jvKRb‡ì m‡i †h‡Z e‡j| GZ ev‡R K_v e‡j †h, gvbyl hv‡Z bv _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avm‡j IB †ivMxwU wbwe©l mv‡ci Kvg‡oi †ivMx| Zv‡K ejv nq, mv‡ci wel bvwg‡q wbw”Q, Avcwb wVK n‡q hv‡eb| †ivMxwU mv‡ci Kvg‡oi d‡j wbN©vZ g„Zz¨ a‡i wb‡q wKQyUv A‡PZb n‡q c‡o _v‡K| IB me wew”Qwi K_vq Zvi ˆPZb¨ wd‡i Av‡m Ges Ae‡PZb g‡b Zvi Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b N‡U| mvc cÖwZ‡kvacivqY! e¨vL¨v: mvc Bu yi‡K Kvgo w`‡q Zv‡K LvIqvi Rb¨ LuyR‡Z _v‡K| Bu yi mv‡ci Kvgo †L‡q Avkcv‡kB Aek n‡q c‡o _v‡K| mvc Bu yiwU Luy‡R †ei K‡i Lvq| G „k¨ †`‡L gvbyl Abygvb K‡i wb‡q‡Q, mvc‡K †KD e¨_v w`‡j †m Kvgov‡eB| GUv

cy‡ivcywi mZ¨ bq| Z‡e GUv wVK †h, mvc‡K AvNvZ ev wei³ bv Ki‡j †m Kvgovq bv| wKš‘ ey‡SB †nvK bv ey‡SB †nvK, mvc AvNvZ †c‡j wi‡d¬· A¨vKk‡bi Kvi‡Y Kvgo w`‡q _v‡K| wb‡R‡K iÿvi Rb¨B mv‡ci G AvPiY| Z‡e `skb Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv gvbyl †hLv‡bB hvK bv †Kb, Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs mvc cÖwZ‡kvacivqY bq| mvcy‡o‡ì g„Zz¨ mv‡ci nv‡Z! e¨vL¨v: Gi mZ¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv †h‡Kv‡bv AmveavbZvq mvcy‡oi g„Zz¨ NU‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i GKwU e¨vcvi †Zv mvcy‡o‡ì g„Zz¨ mv‡ci nv‡Z Awbevh© K‡i †Zv‡j| Zv n‡jv, mvcy‡oiv Rv‡b mv‡ci wel uvZ †f‡O w`‡j Avi fq †bB| wKš‘ GUv Rv‡b bv †h, wel uvZ fvO‡jI Avevi MRvq| d‡j Zviv wbwð‡šÍ _v‡K Ges yN©Ubv Awbevh© n‡q uvovq|

mvc wb‡q G iKg m¤ú‡K© cÖPwjZ †jvKKvwnbx i‡q‡Q| Avevi Pjw”P‡Î mvc wb‡q D™¢U I ev‡bvqvU M‡íi Kvwnbx w`‡q RgRgvU eëmv I fzj aviYv gvby‡li †fZ‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Q| G‡Z eo‡ì cvkvcvwk wkïiv mvc m¤ú‡K© bvbv fzj aviYv wb‡q eo n‡”Q|

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mvc I wKQy mveavbZv: evwoi †MvjvNi Snake Proofed ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| †Kbbv †MvjvN‡i Bu yi †ewk _vK‡j mvc Avm‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i MÖx®§ I el©vKv‡j hLb mv‡ci cÖRbb mgq ZLb mv‡ci msL¨vI †e‡o hvq| el©vi mgq Pviw`K cvwb‡Z f‡i hvIqvq mvc evwoi Avkcv‡k AvkÖq †bq| G mgq †MvjvN‡ii Avkcv‡k weQvbv K‡i Nygv‡bv AZ¨šÍ S&zwKc~Y©| MÖvgM‡Ä cÖvqB †`Lv hvq, Mi‡gi w`‡b †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P gkvwiwenxb weQvbvq Nygv‡Z| G †ÿ‡Î gkvwi UvOv‡bv Riæwi| †Kbbv gkvwi A‡bKUvB mvc †_‡K wbivcËv †`q| mvc mvaviYZ mÜ¨v †_‡K iv‡Z `skb K‡i _v‡K| G mgq †m AZ¨šÍ ÿzav_© _v‡K Ges wel _wj‡Z we‡li cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| myZivs G mgq Aek¨B cv XvKv RyZv c‡i †ei nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| evwoi jvKwoi N‡i iv‡Z KvR bv KivB fv‡jv| †Kbbv Gme RvqMvq mvc AvkÖq wb‡Z cv‡i| mvc m¤ú‡K© †hgb m‡PZbZv cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb Gi DcKvwiZvi e¨vcviwUI Dcjwäi welq| mv‡ci wel w`‡q mv‡c KvUv †ivMxi Ilya antevenom ˆZwi nq| G Qvov mv‡ci wel w`‡q AmsL¨ †iv‡Mi Ilya ˆZwi n‡”Q mv¤úÖwZK mg‡q| †hgbÑ K¨vÝvi, evZ, Avjmvi Heamoragic diseases, Thrombocitis, Sleeping drug, Nerve diseases, Psychomatic diseases Artharitis, Epilepsy, Asthma, Headache BZ¨vw`| mv‡ci Pvgov w`‡q e¨vM, †eë, †kŠwLb `ªe¨vw` ˆZwi n‡”Q| Pxb, Rvcvb, †Kvwiqv, K‡¤^vwWqv, wf‡qZbvg cÖf…wZ †`‡k mv‡ci gvsm †kŠwLb Lvevi| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k mv‡ci Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| †mme †`‡k Avcbv-Avcwb cÖK…wZ †_‡K mvc aiv eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| A_P Avgv‡ì †`‡k wVK Zvi D‡ëv| Dcmsnv‡i eje, welai mv‡ci Kvg‡oi GKgvÎ wPwKrmv antevenom (cÖwZwel) Bb‡RKkb A_©vr Wv³vwi wPwKrmv| mv‡c KvUv †ivMx‡K hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e wbKU¯’ nvmcvZvj ev wK¬wb‡K wb‡Z n‡e| mKj †gwW‡Kj †m›Uv‡i antevenom _vKv evÃbxq| †jLK: cÖ‡dmi I mv‡eK †Pqvig¨vb cÖvwYwe`¨v wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

W. g‡bvqvi †nv‡mb

iOevnvwi cÖRvcwZ cÖRvcwZ cÖK…wZi GK gvqvgq m„wó| iwOb cÖRvcwZ cÖK…wZ‡Z †hgwb is Qovq, †Zgwb ivwO‡q †`q gvby‡li gb| cÖRvcwZ †QvU n‡jI Gi ¸iæZ¡ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Lv‡Uv K‡i †`Lv hvq bv| cÖRvcwZi i‡q‡Q yB ai‡bi g~j¨| GK, bv›`wbK; yB. eënvwiK| cÖRvcwZi Wvbvq †h †mŠ›`h©, Zv c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖvYxi Av‡Q wK-bv, Zv fvebvi welq| Zvi evnvwi is imMÖvnx gvby‡li gb‡K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i| GKwU my›ì cÖRvcwZ hLb GKwU dz‡ji Ici e‡m ZLb i‡Oi †h web¨vm m„wó nq, Zv c„w_exi †h‡Kv‡bv eo cUzqv‡KI nvi gvbv‡Z cv‡i| Avi dz‡j dz‡j cÖRvcwZi b„Z¨ †`‡L Kvi bv gb †b‡P I‡V! Kwe-MxwZKvi‡ì KZfv‡eB bv cÖRvcwZ AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q bZzb m„wói Db¥v`bvq| KZ KweZv Avi MvbB bv iwPZ n‡q‡Q cÖRvcwZ‡K wb‡q| Avi eënvwiK †ÿ‡Î dz‡ji civMvq‡Y cÖRvcwZi f‚wgKv AMÖMY¨| cÖRvcwZi cÖavb KvR dz‡ji civMvq‡Y (Pollination) mvnvh¨ Kiv, hvi gva¨‡g Dw™¢ Kzj exR Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g eskwe Ív‡i mÿg nq| G Qvov cÖvYxi Lv`¨ k„•L‡jI Giv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvYx| c„w_exi wewfbœ Rbc‡` cÖRvcwZi k~KKxU I g~KKxU Dcv‡`q Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e eënƒZ n‡q Avm‡Q| hwÌ k~KKxU¸‡jv A‡bK mgq Lv`¨km¨ I mewRi cvZv †L‡q K…l‡Ki A‡bK ÿwZ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki ev›ìevb, DwLqv, PÆMÖvg I K·evRv‡ii cvnvwo eb¸‡jv‡Z cÖRvcwZi msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk| Gme GjvKvq Av‡Q MvQ I ¸‡j¥i êwPÎ¨| G Qvov fviZ I wgqvbgv‡ii mxgvšÍ GjvKv †_‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖRvcwZ D‡o Avm‡Z cv‡i| evW© DBs bv‡g we‡k¦i GK eo cÖRvcwZ †`Lv hvq GB ebvÂ‡j| G Qvov wm‡j‡Ui jvIqvQov, †igv Kv‡j½v I Av`gcy‡iI i‡q‡Q bvbvb iKg cÖRvcwZ| gaycyi fvIqvj M‡o †`‡ki 30 kZvsk cÖRvcwZ cvIqv hvq| my›ìe‡b

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i‡q‡Q cÖvq 30 cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ| GLv‡b wµgmb †ivR I Kgb †ivR-Gi AvwaK¨ A‡bK †ewk| cÖRvcwZ Dw™¢‡ì cvZvq wWg †`q Ges †mLv‡bB wWg dz‡U jvf©v †ewi‡q Av‡m| jvf©v¸‡jv IB Mv‡Qi cvZv †L‡q RxebaviY K‡i| Ôjvf©vÕ †_‡K ÔwcDcvÕq cwiYZ nIqvi ci wcDcv¸‡jv IB Mv‡Qi cvZvi m‡½ Sz‡j _v‡K| Gi wKQyw`b ci c~Y©v½ cÖRvcwZ‡Z cwiYZ nq| cÖRvcwZi wWg cvovi 5 kZvsk ch©šÍ c~Y©v½ cÖRvcwZ‡Z cwiYZ nq| Z‡e K…wÎg cÖRbb NwU‡q 36 kZvsk wWg c~Y©v½ cÖRvcwZ‡Z cwiYZ Kiv m¤¢e| c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq 20 nvRv‡iiI †ewk cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZi mÜvb wgj‡jI evsjv‡`‡k GLb ch©šÍ 300 cÖRvwZi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| hwÌ G msL¨v cÖvq 500-†Z DËxY© n‡e e‡j mswkøó we‡klÁ‡ì AwfgZ| 1968 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Aa¨vcK gvngy yj Avwgb [XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq (Xvwe)] I Aa¨vcK kwdK nvq`vi †PŠayix [PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq (Pwe)] me©cÖ_g cÖRvcwZ wb‡q M‡elYv ïiæ K‡ib| †m mgq Zviv 27 cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ kbv³ K‡ib| Aa¨vcK BmgvBj †nv‡mb (Xvwe) I Avgvi Ab¨ GK M‡elYvq 1996 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Av‡iv 44 cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ kbv³ nq| Gici 1996-98 mv‡j Avwg I Aa¨vcK kwdK nvq`vi †PŠayix I mv‡n y¾vgvb Av‡iv GKwU M‡elYv K‡i Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m 51wU cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ kbv³ Ki‡Z mÿg nB| Gi g‡a¨ 21wU cÖRvwZ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv kbv³ nq| cieZ©xKv‡j 2003-04 mv‡j Avwg I Avgvi QvÎ Avãyi iv¾vK Ab¨ GK M‡elYvq Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m Av‡iv 36wU bZzb cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ kbv³ Kwi, hv wQj evsjv‡`‡k G‡Kev‡iB bZzb| m¤úÖwZ (2009-2011) GK M‡elYvq Avwg Rvwe K¨v¤úv‡m Av‡iv PviwU bZzb cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ kbv³ K‡iwQ| me wgwj‡q G ch©šÍ Rvwe K¨v¤úv‡m kbv³K…Z cÖRvcwZi msL¨v uvwo‡q‡Q 102wU cÖRvwZ‡Z| cÖRvcwZ Avg`vwb I idZvwb K‡i cÖwZeQi c„w_ex‡Z 20 †_‡K 30 wgwjqb Wjv‡ii eëmv nq| m¤cÖwZ Rvcvb I †Kvwiqvi weÁvbxiv M‡elYv K‡i †ei K‡i‡Qb, †mvjvi cøv‡›U (Solar Plant) cÖRvcwZi cvLvi †¯‹j eënvi K‡i 10 ¸Y †ewk †mŠikw³ aviY Kiv m¤¢e| †h‡nZz evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK cÖRvwZi cÖRvcwZ i‡q‡Q ZvB K…wÎgfv‡e Avgiv (evwYwR¨K Dcv‡q) Gme cÖRvcwZi cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g †mvjvi cøv‡›U cÖRvcwZi cvLvi †¯‹j eënvi Kiv QvovI weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq cÖRvcwZi bvbv Dcv`vb eënvi K‡i Avgiv DcK…Z n‡Z cvwiÑ hwÌ Zv M‡elYvi welq| Z‡e G m¤¢vebv‡K Dwo‡q †Ìqv hvq bv| G Qvov wewfbœ M‡elYvq cÖRvcwZ GKwU g‡Wj wm‡÷g wn‡m‡e eënƒZ n‡q Avm‡Q| gvby‡li wfRy¨qvj wm‡÷g (Visual System) GL‡bv cy‡ivcywi Avwe®‹…Z nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K cÖRvcwZi wfRy¨qvj wm‡÷g Ges is wPwýZ (Color Vision) Kivi ÿgZv A‡bK

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W. †gvt kvnv`vZ †nv‡mb

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Kg Li‡Pi soft-engineering h_v beach nourishment, wave barrier, dune grass planting, oyster reef cÖf…wZi cÖ‡qvM DcK‚‡ji †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv| DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji fvOb †iv‡a ’vqx I Kvh©Ki mgvavb GLb mg‡qi `vwe| G †ÿ‡Î ecosystem-engineering †KŠkj DcK‚jevmxi g‡b Avkvi Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q Zz‡j‡Q| cÖm½Z DcK‚jxq fvOb †ivaK‡í ecosystem-engineering c×wZ †b`vij¨vÛ, hy³ivóª, A‡÷ªwjqvmn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k mdjZvi ^vÿi †i‡L‡Q| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q KzZzew`qv I g‡nkLvjx Øx‡ci `ywU ’v‡b cixÿvg~jKfv‡e 2012 mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡K A‡±vei ch©šÍ Oyster ( ’vbxqfv‡e K ‘iv ejv nq) †cvbvi Dcw¯’wZ wbiæcY, Dchy³ Aej¤^b kbv³KiYmn m¤¢ve¨ Pvl c×wZ we‡ePbvq ivLv nq| Z_¨ we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, G AÂ‡j A‡q÷vi I meyR wSbyK (green mussel)-Gi ch©vß gRy` i‡q‡Q, hv Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Awf‡hvRb Ges Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b djcÖm~ Ae`vb ivL‡Z mÿg| A‡q÷vi n‡”Q †gvjv¯‹ m¤cÖ`v‡qi mvgyw`ªK Rxe, hv‡ì ˆRweK cÖ‡KŠkjx A_ev ecosystem-engineer A_ev bio-builder wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| Giv wb‡R‡ì kvixie„Ëxq Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g emevm Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ Aej¤^‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡q k³ cÖvPxi ˆZwi K‡i Ges wb‡Riv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ n‡q cÖvPx‡ii AvKvi-AvK…wZ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ Rx‡ei Rb¨ AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i Ges GKB mv‡_ fvOb, N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm cÖkg‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| A‡q÷vi cÖvPxi mgy‡`ªi †mªvZ, †XD, †Rvqvi-fvUv Ges evwji cÖevn wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g DcK‚‡ji euva iÿvq cÖwZ‡ekevÜe cÖvK…wZK mgvavb Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| Kv‡RB DcK‚j msiÿY I fvOb †iv‡a ecosystem-engineering c×wZi m¤¢vebv e¨vcK| Zv Qvov Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY, gv‡Qi gRy` e„w×, Lv`¨ Drcv`b Ges mylg cÖwZ‡ek MV‡b ecosystem-engineer we‡kl Ae`vb ivL‡Z mÿg| cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y e„w×K‡í I‡q÷vi-Gi f‚wgKv me©Rb¯xK…Z| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, 1870 mv‡ji c~‡e© Chesapeake Bay-‡Z cÖvK…wZKfv‡e we¯Ívi jvf Kiv wekvj A‡q÷vi cÖvPxi cÖwZ 3.3 w`‡b m¤ú~Y© †e-Gi cvwb wdëvi Ki‡Z mÿg wQj| wKš‘ µgea©gvb AcwiKwíZ Avni‡Yi d‡j 1988 mv‡j A‡q÷v‡ii gRy` Ggb ch©v‡q G‡m‡Q †h, †e-Gi cvwb wdëvi n‡”Q 335 w`‡b| KzZzew`qv I g‡nkLvjx DcK‚‡j cÖv_wgK M‡elYvq A‡q÷vi cÖvPxi ˆZwii cÖavb SzuwK wn‡m‡e AwZe„wó, eb¨v, AwZwi³ K ©g cÖevn, mgy‡`ªi kw³gq †XD Ges R‡jv”Q¡vm‡K kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| el©vKv‡j cvwbi AwZwi³ K ©gv³ Ae ’v Ges cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zvi n«vm A‡q÷vi e„w×i AšÍivq| G mKj SzuwK K`vwPZ cÖKU AvKvi aviY Ki‡jI wbqwgZ wech©q mvabKvix wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq bv| Kv‡RB cÖv_wgK djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z KzZzew`qv P¨v‡b‡ji †Rvqvi-fvUv AÂ‡j KbwµU wis

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(A‡q÷v‡ii Avevmb) ¯’vcb K‡i ¯^í cwim‡i A‡q÷vi cÖvPxi (oyster reef) M‡o †Zvjvi cÖqvm Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ †jvnv A_ev cv_‡ii k³ †eóbx ˆZwi K‡i DcK‚jxq fvOb †iva Ges mvB‡K¬vb-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi cÖfve cÖkwgZ Kiv hvq, wKš‘ cÖwZ‡ekevÜe Awf‡hvRb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ nq| Kv‡RB †UKmB DcK‚j iÿv †KŠkj wn‡m‡e cÖvK…wZKfv‡e M‡o IVv Rxe-Avevm (Living shoreline) mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q êÁvwbKfv‡e h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| A‡q÷vi cÖvPximn RxešÍ DcK‚‡ji wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~n, †hgbÑ c¨viveb, Dwi Nvm Ges grm¨m¤ú‡ì cvi¯úwiK mn-Ae¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g A‡q÷vi Drcv`b, AwaK grm¨ AvniY, Rxe‰ewP‡Îï AvwaK¨vqb, fvOb †iva, bZzb PivÂj m„wó Ges mgy ª †mªvZ I †XD‡qi cÖfve cÖkwgZKiYmn bvbvwea DcKvwiZv AR©b m¤¢e| mvgwMÖKfv‡e GB cÖwZ‡ekevÜe cš’vq Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SzuwK †gvKvwejvq DcK‚jevmxi mÿgZv e„w× cv‡e, Lv`¨ I cywó wbivcËv wbwðZ n‡e, Av‡qi Dr‡mi cÖmvi NU‡e Ges Rxeb hvÎvi gvb DbœZ n‡e| †jLK: mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Bbw÷wUDU Ae †gwib mv‡q‡Ým A¨vÛ wdkvwiR, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq K…ZÁZv ECOBAS project funded by IMARES Wageningen University, The Netherlands

cÖ‡dmi W. Gg AvdRvj †nv‡mb

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K…wlB G †`‡ki K…wó| K…wlcÖavb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœqb g~jZ K…wli Ici wbf©ikxj| K…wlB G †`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖavb nvwZqvi Ges wRwWwci cÖvq 23.87 kZvsk Av‡m G LvZ †_‡K| cwi‡e‡ki weiƒc wech©‡qi nvZ †_‡K †invB cv‡”Q bv †`‡ki K…wl‡ÿÎ| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc e„w×, K…wl Drcv`b eë¯’v‡K w`b w`b SuzwKc~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Q| d‡j K…wl‡ÿ‡Î evo‡Q AwbðqZv, K…wlKvR Kiv I dmj djv‡bvI KwVb n‡q co‡Q| KL‡bv dmj Livi Ke‡j c‡o, Avevi KL‡bv eb¨vq bó n‡e Zv ejv KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q| Avwd«Kvi Bw_Iwcqv‡Z Ges Gwkqvi fviZ I Px‡bi DËivÂ‡j cÖvq yB eQi a‡i hLb Liv †j‡M Av‡Q wVK GKB mg‡q Zzi¯‹, Pxb, fviZ I evsjv‡`k cÖPÐ eb¨vq ÿwZMÖ Í n‡q‡Q| 2021 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iv cÖvq 14 jÿ †n±i Avevw` Rwg K‡g hv‡e| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY n‡e 573 jÿ †n±i| we‡klÁ‡ì wnmve Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKmsL¨v ZLb n‡e cÖvq 20 †KvwUi Ic‡i| 2020 mv‡j Avevw` Rwg n«vm cvIqvi d‡j 36 jÿ †gwUªK Ub Lv`¨ Drcv`b Kg n‡e, hvi Avw_©K g~j¨ cÖvq 1800 †_‡K 2000 †KvwU UvKv| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl eë¯’vq e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvab Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Lv‡`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b Avgv‡ì Lv`¨f¨vm cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, Avgv‡ì gv_vwcQy Pvj Drcv`b Rvcvb wKsev B‡›`v‡bwkqvi †P‡q †ewk A_P Rvcvb Zvi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i cÖwZeQi we‡`‡k idZvwb Ki‡Q| myZivs Rvcvb †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY K‡i Avgv‡ì Lv‡`ï iæwP cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| bB‡j Lv‡`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡bi cwiKíbv mvd‡jï Øv‡i †cuŠQv‡e bv| wPbv, KvDb, †Rvqvi I ay›`vi Pvlvev` m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì K…lKiv Avw`Kvj †_‡KB cwiwPZ| Lv`¨gv‡bi w`K †_‡K G¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ avb I M‡gi gvSvgvwS| Pv‡j †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvY cÖvq 8 kZvsk Ges M‡g cÖvq 13.5 kZvsk| wPbv, KvDb, †Rvqvi I ay›`vi gv‡S i‡q‡Q 9.5 †_‡K 12.1 kZvsk| myZivs Lv`¨gv‡bi w`K †_‡K G¸‡jvi gvb Pv‡ji †P‡q Kg bq eis †ewk| A_P MÖv‡gi K…lK‡ì gv‡S G mg Í dm‡ji Pvlvev` m¤ú‡K© wKQyUv Abxnv i‡q‡Q| KviY G¸‡jv Mwi‡ei Lv`¨| A_P MÖv‡gi K…lK mgv‡R Gme dm‡ji Lv`¨gv‡bi K_v eywS‡q ejv n‡j dmj¸‡jv †`ke¨vcx mgv`„Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| mydj wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq n‡Z cv‡i Gme dmj| †`‡ki K…wl M‡elYv GLb gywó‡gq KZ¸‡jv dmj‡K †K› Ö K‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| wKš‘ K…wl‡ÿ‡Î mylg DbœwZi Rb¨ me ai‡bi dm‡jiB M‡elYvi gvb Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Pó Pvjv‡bv ìKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡ji Drcvw`Z kvKmewR hw` Avgiv `yB †ejv Avnv‡i cÖvavb¨ w`B Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì cywói Afve eûjvs‡k c~iY Kiv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| kvKmewR †_‡K AwaK cywó †c‡Z n‡j GKvwaK cÖKv‡ii kvKmewR GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †L‡Z

n‡e| KviY kvKmewRi fvM e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Pv‡ji Ask Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ kvKmewR, djgyj, gvQ-gvsm, `ya I wWg BZ¨vwì Drcv`b e„w×i cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| G cÖm‡½ cÖL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` W. wf †K Avi wf ivI Ôgv_vB-¯§„wZÕ e³…Zvq †h K_v e‡jwQ‡jb Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv, ÔAvgiv hw` fv‡jvfv‡e wPšÍv K‡i †`wL, Z‡e mylg Lv‡`ï cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z `vbv`vi dm‡ji Drcv`b Avgv‡ì †`‡k Lye Am‡šÍvlRbK bq| Avgv‡ì Af¨v‡mi d‡j Avgiv `vbv`vi k‡mï Ici AwZwbf©ikxj| †hLv‡b Avgv‡ì `vbv`vi k‡mï Drcv`b 9% evov‡j h‡_ó, †mLv‡b g~j RvZxq k‡mï Drcv`b 107%, mewRi Drcv`b 126% Ges gvQ, wWg I gvs‡mi Drcv`b 136% evov‡bv ìKvi| myZivs Avgv‡ì Afv‡ei I cÖ‡qvR‡bi mwVK g~j¨vqb K‡i GwM‡q hvIqv ìKvi| AZGe mylg Lv`¨ ej‡Z ïay `vbv`vi k‡mï Ici wbf©ikxj n‡j Pj‡e bv| Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ ªe¨, †hgbÑ g~j RvZxq Lv`¨, wewfbœ dj Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi mewRi K_v fz‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv|Õ †`k‡K Lv‡`¨ ^qsm¤ú~Y© Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv meyR wecø‡ei K_v ejwQ| meyR wecø‡ei m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki mey‡Ri mgv‡ivn| †ÿZ-Lvgv‡i, e‡b-R½‡j, Z…Y-jZvq Avi MvQcvjvq hw` †Kv‡bv DbœZZi cwieZ©b jÿ Kiv hvq Z‡eB Avgiv Zv‡K eje meyR wecøe| G‡Z Rwgi Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e| e‡b e‡b mey‡R f‡i hv‡e| gv‡Vi meyR Nv‡mI RvM‡e bZzb wkniY| ïay gv‡Vi Drcv`b evov‡j Avi e‡bi MvQcvjvi DbœwZ weavb Ki‡jB Pj‡e bv| Lv`¨k‡mï Drcv`b e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ Mevw`cï, nuvm-gyiwM, mgy ª I b`x-bvjvi grm¨m¤ú`, kvKmewR I djg~j BZ¨vwìI êcøweK DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b Rvcv‡bi K_vB ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i D‡jøL Kiv hvq| †m †`‡ki Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY Avgv‡ì †P‡q Lye †ewk bq| wKš‘ Drcv`‡bi m‡½ Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv ZzjbvB P‡j bv| A_P Rvcvb GK mgq Avgv‡ì g‡Zv AbybœZ K…wlwbf©i GKwU †`k wQj| Kvjµ‡g DbœZ c×wZi Pvlvev`, DbœZ †mP eë ’v, DbœZ exR I mvi Ges DbœZ dmj iÿvi eë ’v MÖnY K‡i Rvcvwbiv Zv‡ì K…wli Drcv`b‡K K‡qK ¸Y evov‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| †m †`‡ki GKB Rwg †_‡K eQ‡i cuvP-Qqevi ch©šÍ dmj KvUvi „óvšÍ i‡q‡Q| M‡elYv I bZzb D™¢ve‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv Drcv`‡bi µwgK n«v‡mi wbqg‡KI cvk †K‡U †h‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| myZivs Rvcvb, Bsj¨vÛ Ges Av‡gwiKvi „óvšÍ †g‡b wb‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Lv‡`¨vrcv`‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv AwR©Z bv nIqvi

†cQ‡b †Kv‡bv hyw³B _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve †iva Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì GKwU mgwš^Z Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| µgn«vmgvb K…wlf‚wg †_‡K µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ †RvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Avbyf‚wgK K…wli cwie‡Z© Dj¤^ K…wl

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A¨v‡cÖvP wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR I †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis-Gi gva¨‡g Liv, jeYv³Zv, evjvB, cwi‡ek I Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Ab¨vb¨ NvZ mnbkxj, D”P cywógvbm¤úbœ I Kg Drcv`b LiPwewkó D”Pdjbkxj RvZ Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| †`‡ki wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv I M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡b ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR, Rjevqy cwieZ©b I †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis-Gi Ici ¯^Zš¿ wefvM Pvjy Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK I M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡bi M‡elK‡ì †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK M‡elYv cÖKí I AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g mg‡qi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq wek¦gv‡bi M‡elYv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi Avgv‡ì‡K AvR ev Íe I cÖ‡qvMgyLx K…wl M‡elYv I wkÿvi cÖwZ †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb cwi‡ek I ev ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K ^xq cÖhyw³i D™¢veb I cÖ‡qvM| GK wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, G †`‡k GK UvKv M‡elYv e¨‡q wZb UvKv †diZ Av‡m| myZivs K…wl M‡elYvq eivÏ evov‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| †gŠwjK I dwjZ M‡elYvi gva¨‡g cwi‡ekm¤§Z, jvMmB, m¯Ív Rjevqyi cwieZ©bRwbZ NvZmnbkxj dmj, gvrm¨ I cïcvwL RvZ Dbœqb| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve I Awf‡hvR‡bi Ici e¨vcK M‡elYv Kiv Ges AvaywbK Z_¨ cÖhyw³i (B-K…wl) gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ mKj cÖhyw³/AwfÁZv ªæZ mKj eënviKvixi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ ÿwZ KvwU‡q †`‡ki µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ K…wl M‡elYv I m¤cÖmviY eë¯’vq Avg~j cwieZ©b cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e †h‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ PvB miKvi, ivRbxwZwe`, RbMY, weÁvbx, eyw×Rxex, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©x I MYgva¨gmn mK‡ji GK‡hv‡M cwiKwíZ I mZZ cÖ‡Póv| †jLK: mv‡eK fvBm-P¨v‡Ýji, nvRx †gvnv¤§` `v‡bk weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, w`bvRcyi

cÖ‡dmi W. Gg. gbRyi †nv‡mb I Avey mv‡j †gv. dvËvn

wecbœ Dw™¢` msiÿ‡Y wUmy¨ KvjPvi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv Rxe cÖRvwZi cwiewZ©Z cwi‡e‡k Lvc LvB‡q wU‡K _vKvi mÿgZvi eo Avavi| Avi µgewa©Z RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ wbivcËvi me‡P‡q eo Drm n‡”Q Dw™¢‡ì †R‡bwUK Drmmg~n (Plant Genetic Resources)| Avgv‡ì G c„w_ex bvgK MÖ‡ni mKj RxeK‚‡ji †eu‡P _vKvi m¤j Dw™¢‡ì êwPÎ¨gq †R‡bwUK Drmmg~n| G Rb¨ eZ©gvb we‡k¦i †UKmB Dbœq‡bi aviv a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY GKwU †gŠwjK I AMÖvwaKvi LvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| weMZ kZvãxi lv‡Ui `k‡K ïiæ nIqv meyR wecøe (Green Revolutor) mdj Kivi Rb¨ m„wó nq bZzb bZzb K…wl hš¿cvwZi| bvbvb ai‡bi AvMvQvbvkK (Herbicide) Ges evjvBbvk‡Ki (pesticide) eënvi ïiæ nq| Gi mv‡_ µgea©gvb Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vcK eb-R½j aŸsm n‡Z _v‡K| gvbemgv‡Ri G mg Í Kg©Kv‡Ði cÖfve c‡o Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ici| weMZ GK kZvãx‡Z gvbemgv‡Ri Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j eû msL¨K Dw™¢ I cÖvYx wejyß n‡q‡Q Ges A‡b‡K wejyß nIqvi c‡_| gvby‡li Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ði Øviv m„ó Pv‡ci d‡j Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ici ÿwZKviK cÖfve AbymÜvb Kiv Ges Rxe‰ewP‡Îï msiÿY Kivi Rb¨ MZ kZvãxi lv‡Ui `kK †_‡KB weÁvb mwµq wPšÍv-fvebv ïiæ K‡i| wgLvBj f¨vwfj‡fi cÖwZwôZ Rvg©cøvRg †m›Uvi M‡o D‡VwQj dmwj Dw™¢` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨| cieZ©xKv‡j dmwj Dw™¢‡ì mv‡_ dmwj Dw™¢‡ì eb¨ AvZ¥xq cÖRvwZmg~‡ni msiÿ‡Yi welqwUI ¸iæZ¡ †c‡Z _v‡K| 60 Ges mË‡ii `k‡K wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v †hgb World Food

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and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR), International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡ì †R‡bwUK êwPÎ¨ msiÿY Ges †UKmB eënv‡ii e¨vcv‡i ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z _v‡K| mË‡ii `k‡Ki ïiæ †_‡K wewfbœ †`‡ki RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q wewfbœ Dw™¢‡ì exR e¨vsK Ges †R‡bwUK wi‡mvm© msiÿ‡Y †K› ª M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K| beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©v‡q Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Yi (Conservation of Biological Diversity (CBD) Gi Rb¨ Cartagena Protocol G mviv we‡k¦i me †`k ¯^vÿi K‡i| eZ©gv‡b Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK Bmy¨ Ges we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †`k G-msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e cÖYxZ wbqgvewj †g‡b Pj‡Z A½xKvie×| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wbqgvewj ywU MÖæ‡c †djv n‡q‡Q: (1) Bb-wmUz Ges (2) G·-wmUz msiÿY (in situ and ex situ conservation)| Bb wmUz c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv Rxe Zvi wbR ^ ev ‘Z‡š¿i (Ecosystem) g‡a¨ wbR¯^ cwigÐ‡j (Habitat) †e‡o IVv Ges eske„w×i gva¨‡g msiwÿZ nIqvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq| mviv we‡k¦ M‡o IVv wewfbœ b¨vkjvj cvK© Bb-wmUz msiÿ‡Yi D`vniY| G·-wmUz KbRvi‡fk‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv Rxe‡K Zvi wbR¯^ cwigÐ‡ji evB‡i wb‡q K…wÎgfv‡e cÖ ‘Z †Kv‡bv ev ‘Z‡š¿ wU‡K _vKvi my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv A_ev RxeK‚‡ji eskwe ÍviKvix A½, †hgbÑ exR, K›` ev †`nvsk we‡kl eë ’vq msiÿY K‡i ivLv| mviv we‡k¦ M‡o IVv wewfbœ ai‡bi exR wi‡cvwR‡Uvwi Ges Rvg©cøvRg †m›Uvi¸‡jv G·-wmUz KbRvi‡fkv‡bi D`vniY| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki avb M‡elYv Bwbw÷wUD‡U cÖwZwôZ †h bvbvb Rv‡Zi avb ex‡Ri msiÿYkvjv ev evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖwZwôZ dj` Dw™¢‡ì Rvg©cøvRg msiÿY †K› Ö G·-wmUz msiÿ‡Yi D`vniY| wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ‡Z Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY: we‡kl eë¯’vq exR msiÿY Kiv GKwU mnR, ’vqx Ges RbwcÖq c×wZ| mviv we‡k¦ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q dmj I Admjxq Dw™¢‡ì exR msiÿYkvjv M‡o D‡V‡Q| exR mvaviYZ wbgœZvc gvÎvq 8 wWwMÖ †_‡K 20 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Ges ^í Av ©ªZvq (5%) we‡klfv‡e cÖ ‘Z wngvMv‡i msiÿY Kiv nq| Gfv‡e msiwÿZ exR `xN©mgq †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †h mg¯Í Dw™¢‡` mdj exR ˆZwi nq bv, A½R cÖRb‡bi mvnv‡h¨ esk e„w×Kvix Dw™¢‡ì †ÿ‡Î exR msiÿY c×wZi eënvi AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ| ivevi, I‡qj cvg, Kjv, wewfbœ ai‡bi KPz RvZxq MvQ, wgwó Avjy BZ¨vw` bvbv Rv‡Zi Dw™¢ ex‡Ri gva¨‡g esk e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G Qvov D`¨vbZvwË¡K w`K †_‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dw™¢ , †hgbÑ Avg, wjPz, KuvVvj, †cu‡c, †WU cvg, (A¨vivweqvb †LRyi), Avjy, Kvmvfv, wewfbœ Rv‡Zi †jey, Pv, Kwd BZ¨vw` Dw™¢` †R‡bwUK¨vwj †n‡U‡ivRvBMvm nIqvq G‡ì Drcvw`Z exR gvZ…Mv‡Qi ¸Yvewj †_‡K wfbœZi nq| G‡ì †ÿ‡Î exR †_‡K Drcvw`Z Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ bZzbfv‡e †R‡bwUK

WvBfviwmwUi m„wó nq| d‡j exR msiÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g G mg Í Dw™¢‡ì g~j †R‡bwUK ¸Yvewj msiÿY Kiv hvq bv| Gme Dw™¢‡ì †ÿ‡Î A½R cÖRb‡b eënƒZ Dw™¢ vsk, †hgbÑ K›`vj, KvÐ, g~j, cvZv BZ¨vw` msiÿY Kiv hvq, hv cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z A‡bK e¨qeûj Ges kÖgNb| G mg¯Í Dw™¢‡ì wRb‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wUmy¨ KvjPvi cÖhyw³ (Tissue culture Technique) AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| eû‡Kvlx Rx‡e mKj †Kvl, wUmy¨ ev A½-cÖZ¨½ GKB ai‡bi †R‡bwUK Z_¨ enb Kivi Kvi‡Y †h‡Kv‡bv †Kvl ev wUmy¨ ev A½ Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k Abyiƒc Rxe m„wói ÿgZv iv‡L (Totipotency), G aviYv (dogma) †_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q wUmy¨ KvjPvi cÖhyw³| wUmy¨ KvjPvi cÖhyw³i g~j avç‡jv n‡”Q: 1. wbe©vwPZ gvZ…MvQ †_‡K †Kvl/wUmy¨/A½ (explant) msMÖn Kiv| 2. wbe©vwPZ Dw™¢ vsk we‡kl c×wZ‡Z RxevYygy³ Kiv| 3. RxevYygy³ G·cøv›U wbw`©ó K…wÎg cywó gva¨‡g KvjPvi K‡i cÖv_wgK

RxevYygy³ KvjPvi cÖwZwôZ Kiv (Establishment of primary culture)| 4. cywó gva¨‡gi Dw™¢ e„w× ni‡gvb wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g gvZ…Mv‡Qi Abyiƒc Dw™¢ m„wó

Kiv (Plant regeneration)| 5. KvjPvi †evZ‡j (in vitro) AbyDw™¢‡ì (Plantlet) cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨v e„w×

Kiv (Micro propagation ev AbyPviv Drcv`b) 6. AbyDw™¢‡ì g~j m„wó Kiv (Rooting)| 7. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ AbyPviv¸‡jv‡K we‡kl eë ’vq †i‡L

Dchy³ (Hardening) Kiv| 8. Dchy³ AbyPviv¸‡jv‡K gv‡V UªvÝcøv›U Kivi gva¨‡g Pvlvev` Kiv| wUmy¨ KvjPvi cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g AbyDw™¢ ˆZwi K‡i wec`vcbœ Dw™¢‡ì msL¨v e„w×

Ges msiÿY Kivi A‡bK myweav Av‡Q| †hgb: • AbyDw™¢ iv gvZ…Mv‡Qi †K¬vb| G Rb¨ AbyDw™¢` †_‡K m„ó MvQ mg

AvKvi-AvK…wZi nq Ges †R‡bwUK¨vwj gvZ… Dw™¢‡ì Abyiƒc nq| • wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ‡Z AbyPviv Drcv`b cÖwµqv evB‡ii cwi‡e‡ki

cwieZ©‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv| e¯‘Z mviv eQi wUmy¨ KvjPvi j¨v‡e AbyPviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq|

• wUmy¨ KvjPvi cÖhyw³‡Z Drcvw`Z AbyPviv me ai‡bi †ivMgy³ nq| • wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ e¨q mvkÖqx|

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†M‡Q, gvZ…Mv‡Qi GKwU G·cøv›U †_‡K GK eQ‡i jÿvwaK Abyiƒc Dw™¢` ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e, hv IB wec`vcbœ Dw™¢‡ì AKvj wejywß †iva Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó| KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri K¨v¤úv‡m GKwU †kj MvQ (Shell plant, Kigelia africana) Abyiƒcfv‡e wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g AmsL¨ AbyDw™¢` ˆZwi K‡i †kj Dw™¢`‡K mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q †`qv m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡ki AvbvP-Kvbv‡P G iKg Av‡iv A‡bK Dw™¢` Av‡Q, hvi GKwU †_‡K ywU gvÎ MvQ Av‡Q| G Dw™¢ ¸‡jv wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZi gva¨‡g msiÿY Kiv m¤¢e| 2. AbyDw™¢‡ì Bb-wf‡Uªv e„w×i nvi Kwg‡q †Ìqvi gva¨‡g `xN©Kvj msiÿY Kiv hvq| wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ Drcvw`Z AbyDw™¢` GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ci ci wbqwgZfv‡e mve-KvjPvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gfv‡e evievi mve-KvjPvi Kiv cwikÖg mv‡cÿ Ges e¨qeûj| mve-KvjPv‡ii msL¨v Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ AbyDw™¢‡ì Bb-wf‡Uªv e„w×i nvi Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ weÁvbxiv bvbvb c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| †hgb: wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Rb¨ eënƒZ cywó gva¨‡g wPwbi cwie‡Z© myMvi A¨vj‡Kvnj †hgbÑ g¨vwbUj, miweUj, wmwjUj BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i AbyDw™¢‡ì e„w×i nvi Kwg‡q †Ìqv hvq| myMvi A¨vj‡Kvnj eënvi Ki‡j KvjPvi Pvi †_‡K Qq gvm ch©šÍ ivLv hvq| Kg ZvcgvÎvq KvjPvi msiÿY: G c×wZ‡Z Bb-wf‡Uªv AbyDw™¢‡ì KvjPvi¸‡jv‡K ¯í ZvcgvÎvq BbwKD‡eU (8°C -20°C) Kiv nq| ¯í ZvcgvÎvq AbyDw™¢‡ì e„w×i nvi Kwg‡q †`q| Dw™¢ cÖRvwZi Ici wbf©i K‡i KvjPvi msiÿ‡Yi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e| mvaviYZ G cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g AbyDw™¢ KvjPvi 9 †_‡K 15 gvm ch©šÍ msiÿY Kiv hvq| wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Dw™¢ msiÿY GKwU RbwcÖq c×wZ| AwZ kxZj ZvcgvÎvq AbyDw™¢` msiÿY: G c×wZ‡Z AbyDw™¢` AwZ kxZj ZvcgvÎvq (-167°C) Zij bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi g‡a¨ msiÿY Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡K µvB‡qvwcÖRvi‡fkb (Cryopreservation) ejv nq| G c×wZ AbyDw™¢ `xN©mgq (10 †_‡K 100 eQi) msiÿY Kiv hvq| Z‡e G c×wZwU e¨qeûj Ges RwUj cÖhyw³wbf©i| DbœZ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k Zij bvB‡Uªv‡RbwfwËK Dw™¢` Ges cÖvYxi åƒY msiÿYvMvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ wecbœ Dw™¢` msiÿ‡Yi A‡bK cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V‡Q| GgbwK Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki wKQy †`‡kI G cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Dw™¢‡ì †R‡bwUK wi‡mv‡m©i msiÿYvMvi cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½ Dw™¢ I exR msiÿ‡Yi HwZnvwmK wKQy NUbv D‡jøL Kiv hvqÑ wØZxq wek¦hy× ZLb Zz‡½, ïiæ n‡q‡Q 28 gvm `xN© †mB weL¨vZ †jwjbMÖv` (†m›U wcUvm©evM©) Ae‡iva| bv †L‡q, ¸wj‡Z Ges †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q gviv †Mj mvZ jvL gvbyl| †mvwf‡qZiv †jwjbMÖv‡ì wek¦weL¨vZ nviwg‡U‡Ri gnvg~jëvb wPÎwkí¸‡jv mwi‡q wb‡Z ûKzg Rvwi Kij| bvrwm evwnbxi `L‡j P‡j †Mj †jwjbMÖv‡ì All Union Institute of Agricultural Science-G Aew ’Z c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo exR e¨vsK| GwU cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb †m

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cÖvK…wZK cÖvYx Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Zzjbvq M„ncvwjZ cÖvYxi cÖRvwZ‰ewPÎ¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡k Lye †ewk bq| M„ncvwjZ cïi g‡a¨ Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov Ab¨Zg| Z‡e k~Ki, †Nvov, Mvav, KzKzi Avi weovjI M„ncvwjZ cïi g‡a¨B c‡o| AvRKvj gvbyl Li‡MvkI cvj‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jvi cÖRvZxq êwPÎ¨ hv‡K e‡j Zv Aek¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡k †bB| Z‡e cÖwZwU cÖRvwZi M„ncvwjZ cÖvYxi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q bvbv iKg êwPÎ¨| Miæ, gwn‡li K_vB aiv hvK| GKB cÖRvwZi bvbv Miæi g‡a¨ nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i µm weªwWs ˆZwi K‡i‡Q KZ wfbœ iKg GK GKwU RvZ ev cÖKiY| eY©, AvKvi, AvK…wZ wg‡j ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Miæi KZ RvZ êwPÎ¨| GLb evRv‡i G‡m‡Q we‡`wk A‡bK bZzb weªW| A‡bK ya Avi AwaK gvs‡mi Avkvq Gme bZzb weªW Lvgvwii Kv‡Q †ek RbwcÖq n‡q‡Q D‡V‡Q| Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`wk weª‡Wi mv‡_ we‡`wk weª‡Wi µm K‡i cvIqv †M‡Q wKQy bZzb iKg Miæi RvZI| Gme Rv‡Zi mdjZv †`wk kZ kZ Rv‡Zi wejywß †W‡K G‡b‡Q| Zv Qvov MÖv‡gM‡Ä †Mv-PviY f‚wgi Afve Ges †Mv-Lv‡`ï g~j¨ AwaK nIqvq jvL jvL cwievi †Mv-gwnlvw` wKsev QvMj cvj‡b w`b w`b Abxnv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q| Gme Kvi‡Y G‡ì êwPÎ¨gq RvZ ev cÖKiY ªæZ wejywßi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| M„ncvwjZ cvwL‡ì g‡a¨ †gviM, nuvm, ivRnuvm, KeyZi Avi †Kv‡qj Ab¨Zg| †gviM-gyiwMi êwPÎÏ G‡Kev‡i Kg wQj bv G †`‡k| mwVK cwimsL¨vb †bB e‡j Giv KZUv wewfbœZv m¤úbœ wQj Zv wbw`©ó K‡i ejv Am¤¢e e‡U| AvKv‡i AvK…wZ‡Z, e‡Y© KZ wfbœ wfbœ iKg †gviM Avi gyiwM Avgiv †`‡LwQ Av‡M| KvKWvKv †fv‡i †gvi‡Mi Wv‡K Nyg †f‡O N‡ii evB‡i G‡m ùvov‡j KZ wfbœ wfbœ SzuwUIqvjv †gviM‡K Zvi¯^‡i WvK‡Z ï‡bwQ Avi Wvbv SvcUv‡Z †`‡LwQ| Gme gyiwMi Rv‡Zi wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvK…wZK µm weªwWs m„wó K‡i‡Q Gme kZ kZ ’vbxq RvZ ev cÖKiY| Gme Rv‡Zi msL¨v K‡g‡Q, K‡g‡Q evwo cÖwZ †`wk †gviM

cvj‡bi msL¨vI| we‡`wk gyiwM weª‡Wi mvd‡jï Kvi‡Y †`‡k Gme gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ kZ kZ gyiwMi †QvU-eo Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| Gme we‡`wk weª‡Wi gyiwM cvjb gvbyl‡K †`wk weªW Ges G‡ì bvbv RvZ DcRvZ jvjb-cvjb‡K A‡bKUvB wbiærmvwnZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| cÖvK…wZK Rjvk‡q m„ó gvQ eiveiB Avgv‡ì †cÖvwU‡bi GKwU eo Drm wQj| w`‡b w`‡b bvbv iKg cyKzi m„wó K‡i gvQ PvlI ïiæ K‡i‡Q gvbyl| cÖvK…wZK Rjvkq †m wej-wSj, b`x-bvjv hv-B †nvK bv †Kb, †mwU wQj Avgv‡ì grm¨m¤ú‡ì cÖavbZg Drm| AcwiKwíZ euva, A‰bwZK b`x kvmb, AwZwi³ grm¨ AvniYmn K…wlR Kg©Kv‡Ð eënƒZ welv³`ª‡eï gva¨‡g cvwb `~lY Avi KjKviLvbvi welv³ e‡R© i Øviv `~wlZ b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej cÖvK…wZK grm¨m¤ú` webv‡ki Ab¨Zg KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| d‡j K‡g‡Q gv‡Qi cÖRvwZi msL¨v, Kg‡Q we`¨gvb cÖwZwU

cÖRvwZi †`wk Rv‡Zi gv‡Qi msL¨v| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ B‡Zvg‡a¨ wejyß n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvUv wejyßcÖvq n‡q wU‡K Av‡Q wKQy Rjvk‡q| A‡bK Lvj-wej, b`x-bvjv fivU K‡i †ev‡iv Rwg K‡i wb‡”Q K…lK| A‡bK b`x bve¨Zv nvwi‡q giv b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| †gvUK_v, †ek n«vm †c‡q‡Q gv‡Qi cÖvK…wZK cÖRbb †ÿÎ| Zvi Ici RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c †e‡o‡Q gvQ aivi bvbv †KŠkj| me wgwj‡q ^v y cvwbi cÖvK…wZK grm¨m¤ú`‡K A‡bKUvB ûgwKi gy‡L †V‡j w`‡q‡Q| fv‡jv †bB mvgyw ªK grm¨m¤úÌ| A‡bK †ewk †bŠKv ev gvQ aivi Uªjvi cvwo Rgv‡”Q mvM‡ii Mfx‡i| wdi‡Q Av‡Mi †P‡q Kg grm¨ AvniY K‡i| Awe‡ePbvcÖm~Z grm¨ AvniYI niY Ki‡Q AhvwPZfv‡e eû Awbw ©ó grm¨ cÖRvwZ| d‡j eo gv‡Qi Lv‡`ïI NvUwZ evo‡Q w`b w`b| mgy‡`ª wM‡q wgk‡Q wKQy welv³ c`v_©I| A‰eÁvwbKfv‡e mvgyw`ªK grm¨ AvniY bó Ki‡Q mvgyw ªK grm¨m¤ú‡ì Avevm¯’j| Zv‡Z bó n‡”Q bvbv iKg Rxe‰ewPÎÏ| cÖvK…wZK ¯^v y cvwbi grm¨ AÂj webó nIqvq ïiæ n‡q‡Q †QvU †QvU cyKzi †K‡U grm¨ Avev`| M‡o D‡V‡Q eû n¨vPvwi| we‡`k †_‡K wb‡q Avmv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv grm¨ cÖRvwZ AwaK mdj n‡”Q e‡j mviv †`‡ki A‡bK cyKz‡i Avev` Kiv n‡”Q †mme gvQ| Aí K‡qKwU gv‡Qi †`v ©ÐcÖZvc GLb Avgv‡ì Pv‡li cyKzi¸‡jv‡Z| we‡`k †_‡K cÖeZ©b Kiv †Zjvwcqv Avi bvB‡jvwUKv †ek mdjZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Avgv‡ì †`‡k| G‡ì Avev‡ì GjvKv †ek we Í…Z n‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov Avev` Kiv n‡”Q ˆK, wks, micuywUmn Av‡iv wKQy gvQ| cv½v‡mi e¨vcK Avev` n‡”Q †`‡ki bvbv cyKz‡i| A_©vr Aí K‡qKwU gvQ GLb Lvgvwi‡ì cyKzi `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z n«vm †c‡q‡Q gv‡Qi êwPÎ¨| Awe‡ePbvcÖm~Zfv‡e grm¨ cÖeZ©b Avgv‡ì cÖvK…wZK grm¨m¤ú` webv‡ki Ab¨Zg KviYI n‡q‡Q| Avwd«Kvb gv¸‡ii g‡Zv ivÿz‡m gv‡Qi cÖeZ©b Ges Avev` Avgv‡ì †`wk gv‡Qi A‡bK eo ÿwZ K‡i‡Q| Gme eo gvQ Avgv‡ì wcÖq †QvU gvQ¸‡jv‡K wM‡j †L‡q‡Q| Gfv‡eI bó n‡q‡Q b`x-bvjv Lvj-we‡ji grm¨ Rxe‰ewPÎ¨| Avgv‡ì A‡bK dm‡ji ’vbxq RvZ Aí K‡qKwU mdj D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi Kvi‡Y K…l‡Ki gvV †_‡K w`b w`b wZ‡ivwnZ n‡q‡Q e‡U, Z‡e G‡ì mK‡jB †h G‡Kev‡i wejyß n‡q‡Q Zv wKš‘ bq| cuvP-mvZ nvRvi av‡bi ’vbxq RvZmn Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji ¯’vbxq RvZ GLb weÁvbxiv msMÖn K‡i msiÿY K‡i‡Qb dm‡ji wRb e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z| msiwÿZ wRb m¤ú‡ì †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvUv Avevi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q bvbv iKg AvaywbK RvZ D™¢ve‡bi Kv‡RI| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wRb m¤ú` GLb eënƒZ n‡”Q bvbv dm‡ji DbœZ RvZ m„wói Kv‡R| K…l‡Ki gv‡V cvnvwo Rywgqv‡ì Kv‡Q gvV ch©v‡q Avev‡ì gva¨‡gI msiwÿZ n‡”Q †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv dm‡ji wRb m¤ú`| Gme Pvwl Avi Rywgqv‡ì nv‡Z _vKv wRb m¤ú` gvV ch©v‡q

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msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ miKvwi ev †emiKvwifv‡e cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ vb Kivi welqwU wb‡q Avgv‡ì fvev †ek Riæwi n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLi wewfbœ ’vbxq weªW Ges kZ kZ RvZ ev cÖKiY msiÿ‡Yi †Kv‡bv eë ’v Avgv‡ì †`‡k †bB| M„n ’vwj cïcvwL cvjb Kivi cÖeYZv n«vm cvIqvq K…wlR cÖvYx wRb m¤ú` cvj‡b K…lK‡ì DrmvwnZ Kivi welqwU Avgv‡ì fve‡Z n‡e| ¯^í my‡` FY cÖ`vb QvovI Gme cÖvwYm¤ú‡ì ¸iæ‡Z¡i welqwU m¤úªmviY Kg©x‡ì gva¨‡g K…lK‡ì Kv‡Q Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì †ivMevjvB-mwnòz, cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡k Awf‡hvRbÿg Gme êwPÎ¨c~Y© weªW Ges RvZ ¯’vbxqfv‡e msiÿ‡Yi cvkvcvwk RvwZms‡Ni Lv`¨ I K…wl ms¯’v (FAO) KZ…©K m„ó AvÂwjK wRb e¨vs‡K Dchy³ cÖgvYcÎmn Zv wb‡R‡ì ¯^Z¡ iÿv K‡i msiÿY Kiv m¤¢e| cÖvwYm¤ú‡ì exh©, åƒY, wWGbG BZ¨vw` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Gwkqv AÂ‡ji Rb¨ Pxb Ges fvi‡Z G iKg wRb e¨vsK ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| K…wÎg grm¨ Pvl Kg©KvÐ Avgv‡ì mbvZb ^v`y cvwbi gvQ n«vm‡K Zivwš^Z K‡i P‡j‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wej‡K ÔmsiwÿZ wejÕ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kivi gva¨‡g gvQmn bvbv iKg RjR m¤ú` I cvLcvLvwj msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v †bIqv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| ’vbxqfv‡e gvbyl‡K DØy× Kivi gva¨‡g Av‡iv A‡bK wej-wSj msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v

wb‡j wKQy AwZ‡Pbv wcÖq gvQ wejywßi nvZ †_‡K †eu‡P †h‡Z cv‡i| wWg cvovi mgq gvQ bv aivi wewa-wb‡l‡ai †ÿÎ evwo‡q A‡bK cÖvK…wZK grm¨m¤ú` msiÿY m¤¢e| mgy‡`ª gvQ aivi mgq gv‡Qi Lv`¨ Awbw`©ó Rxe m¤ú` †hb webó bv nq †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖvK…wZK †jvbv cvwbi gvQ‡K iÿvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì Aek¨B m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| dm‡ji ÿwZKviK KxUcZ‡½i cvkvcvwk A‡bK DcKvix KxUcZ½I Avgv‡ì i‡q‡Q| KxUcZ½ dm‡ji exR Drcv`‡bi GK Ab¨Zg AYyNUK| KxUbvk‡Ki eënvi civMvqY mnvqK KxUcZ‡½i cÖRvwZ I KxUcZ‡½i msL¨v w`b w`b n«vm K‡i w`‡”Q| Lvgvwiiv GLb K…wÎg ev‡· †gŠgvwQ jvjb-cvjb Ki‡Q| Gme †gŠgvwQ dm‡ji gv‡V †Q‡o w`‡q exR Drcv`‡bi BwZevPK mvov cvIqv hv‡”Q A‡bK KxUcivMx dm‡j| civMvq‡Yi Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq wbw ©ó mewRi gv‡V KZUv †gŠgvwQi ev· ewm‡q †Ìqv DwPZ †m wnmve-wbKvkI Kiv n‡q‡Q A‡bK †ÿ‡Î| †gŠgvwQ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g gay msMÖ‡ni cvkvcvwk exR Drcv`b e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ w`b w`b †gŠgvwQ cvjb‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡”Q| d‡j evo‡Q wKQyUv exR Drcv`b LiP| cÖvK…wZK civMvqY KxUcZ½‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ weÁvbm¤§Z Dcv‡q KxUbvkK wQwU‡q †Ìqv †M‡j exR Drcv`b KivUv A‡bK mnR n‡q hv‡e| iÿv cv‡e DcKvix KxUcZ‡½i Rxe‰ewPÎ¨|

gvby‡li g‡bv‡hvM Avi eë ’vcbv bv †c‡j KL‡bv K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ iÿv Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| gvby‡li h‡Zœ cvIqv Gme êwPÎ¨ gvby‡li AvbyK‚j¨ Qvov cÖK…wZ‡Z wKQy‡ZB wUK‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡ì eë¯’vcbvi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q †jvKR Ávb Avi †mLvbKvi K…wó| G‡ì D‡cÿv K‡i K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ iÿv cv‡e, GgbwU fvevi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| Ô†hvMïvB wU‡K _v‡KÕÑ cÖvK…wZK weeZ©‡bi GB ZË¡ GLv‡b m‰e©e mZ¨ bq| eis G‡ì wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ AbyK‚j cwi‡ek cÖ`vb GK AwZ Riæwi welq| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _vKvi eû êwkó¨ eR©b K‡i Z‡e Giv Ô†cvlÕ gvbv n‡q‡Q| G‡ì iÿvi RbÏ ZvB †cvlgvbv cwi‡ek cÖ vb Kivi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ Avgv‡ì AwZ g~jëvb Rxe‰ewPÎ¨| G‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i Avgv‡ì euvPv-givi welqwU| Avgv‡ì Lv`¨ I cywó QvovI Avgv‡ì †cvkvK-AvkvK, Nievwo, Ilyamn eû cÖvZ¨wnK cÖ‡qvRb †gUvevi KvRwU m¤úbœ nq g~jZ K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q| K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ wb‡q Avgv‡ì Ae‡njv Avgv‡ì GK gnvwec‡ì g‡a¨ wb‡q hv‡e, †mwU eyS‡Z n‡e| K…wli cÖwZwU DcLv‡Zi mv‡_ mswkøó K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY Ges G‡ì eûgvwÎK eënvi wbwðZKi‡Y Avgv‡ì Av‡Mi †P‡qI Av‡iv †ewk m‡PZb I AwaK Zrci n‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ I K…wl ms¯’v cÖ`Ë K…wl Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY m¤úwK©Z Kg©KvÐ I wbqg-bxwZi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì Nwbôfv‡e m¤ú„³ n‡Z n‡e| †`‡ki ¯^v‡_© Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY I cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msµvšÍ AvBb cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi welqwUI Zivwš^Z Ki‡Z n‡e| †gvUK_v, K…wl Rxe‰ewP‡Îï †UKmB eë ’vcbv I eënvi wbwðZ K‡i Avgv‡ì Lv`¨ I cywó wbivcËvi welqwU‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †jLK: cÖ‡dmi, †KŠwjZË¡ I Dw™¢ cÖRbb wefvM I †cÖv fvBm-P¨v‡Ýji †k‡ievsjv K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq, †k‡ievsjv bMi, XvKv-1207

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W. Gm Gg gbRyiæj nvbœvb Lvb I gynv¤§` AvwZKzj nK evsjv‡`k: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi GK wb®úvc wkKvi

†UKmB Dbœqb I `wi`ªZv ~ixKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wek¦Ry‡o jÿ jÿ gvby‡li wbivcËv iÿvi †ÿ‡Î Rjevqyi cwieZ©b GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb AšÍivq| êwk¦K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k AwZmvgvb¨ `vqx n‡jI †`kwU Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqvi gy‡L me©vwaK wecbœ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Ges G †`‡ki `wi ª Rb‡MvôxB me©v‡cÿv SzuwKi m¤§ywLb| DbœZ †`k¸‡jv Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi aviv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z e¨vcKnv‡i wkí Dbœqb NwU‡q‡Q| Gme wkí-KviLvbv n‡Z evqygÐ‡j wbtmwiZ wMÖbnvDR M¨vm êwk¦K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY Ges HwZnvwmKfv‡e G `vqfvi DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi IciB eZ©vq| AvBwcwmwmÕi PZz_© cÖwZ‡e`‡b (IPCC, 2007) wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Y gvbe wd½vi wcÖ›U‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| evqygÐ‡j wkívq‡bi hy‡M gvby‡li wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡jB Kve©b WvB A·vBWmn Ab¨vb¨ wMÖbnvDR M¨v‡mi wbtmiY †e‡o hvq| hvi g‡a¨ †Kej Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi `nb †_‡K 75 kZvsk Ges f~wgiƒc cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Aewkó 25kZvsk Kve©b WvB A·vBW wbtmwiZ nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †bwZevPK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv m‡Ë¡I DbœZ Ges cÖavb cÖavb Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx Ges G‡nb Kg©Kv‡Ð mgMÖ c„w_ex‡K AZ¨šÍ SuzwKc~Y© Ae ’vi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡”Q| D`vniY¯îƒc, eZ©gv‡b evqygÐ‡j Kve©b WvB A·vBW-Gi NbZ¡ cÖvwšÍK mxgv 350 wcwcGg Qvwo‡q AZ¨šÍ wec¾bK 398.58 wcwcGg NbgvÎvq †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q, (Gb.I.GG-2013/ NOAA-2013) hv c„w_exi Aw Í‡Z¡i cÖwZ gvivZ¥K ûgwKB wb‡ ©k K‡i| DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi G ai‡bi AwgZvPv‡ii d‡j êwk¦K Rjevqy‡Z BwZg‡a¨B †h ai‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q Zvi cÖfv‡e Av‡iv eûeQi a‡i evsjv‡`kmn Av‡iv A‡bK †`k‡K bvbviKg AvenvIqvRwbZ y‡h©vM †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Rjevqy, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b Ges wMÖbnvDR cÖfve (Climate, Climate Change And Green House Effects): cÖPwjZ A‡_© Rjevqy ej‡Z AvenvIqvi Mo Ae ’v‡K †evSvq Ges †mUv `xN© mg‡qi, mvaviYZ (30-50) eQ‡ii ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, Av ©ªZv, evZv‡mi MwZ‡eMmn AvenvIqvi Ab¨vb¨ wbqvg‡Ki Mo gvb wKsev gv‡bi ZviZ‡gï gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K Rjevqyi G mg Í wbqvg‡Ki GK ev GKvwaK wKsev me¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi cwieZ©bB n‡jv Rjevqyi cwieZ©b|1 wMÖbnvDR M¨vmmg~n †hgbÑ Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW, GgbwK R¡jxqev®ú c„w_ex‡K wN‡i GK ai‡bi ejq ˆZwi K‡i| mvaviYZ m~h© †_‡K cÖvß Zvckw³i †ewkifvMB c„w_ex‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡q Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ AvKv‡i gnvk~‡b¨ †diZ hvq| evqygÐ‡j we`¨gvb G wMÖbnvDR M¨vm¸‡jv Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ †kvlY K‡i Zvckw³ c„w_ex‡Z (f~-c„‡ô, evqygÐ‡j Ges mgy‡`ª) a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z c„w_ex mvgwMÖKfv‡e DòZv cvq| evqygÐ‡j cÖvK„wZK wMÖbnvDR M¨v‡mi Abycw ’wZ c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li emev‡mi A‡hvM¨ GKUv VvÐv MÖ‡n cwiYZ KiZ| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e msMwVZ wMÖbnvDR cÖwZwµqvi d‡j c„w_ex‡Z emevm‡hvM¨ G ZvcgvÎv eRvq _v‡K| wb‡P wMÖbnvDR cÖfve wPÎvwqZ Kiv n‡jvÑ

Source: http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/

AvBwcwmwm I BDGbGdwmwm‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b kãwUi eënv‡i wKQzUv cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| AvBwcwmwmi msÁv Abymv‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©b n‡jv GKwU wbw ©ó mgq a‡i Rjevqyi †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi cwieZ©b hv cÖvK…wZK Ges gvbem„ó Dfq Kvi‡YB n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K BDGbGdwmwm gvby‡li cÖZ¨¶ wKsev c‡iv¶ Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j m„ó RjevqyMZ cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq|

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e ‘Z wMÖbnvDR M v‡mi AwaK wbtmiYB êwk¦K DòZv e„w×i Rb¨ vqx, hv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Pig D‡ØMRbK †h‡nZz mg‡qi AveZ©‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q| RjevqywelqK RvwZmsN Kb‡fbkb Ges êwk¦K wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY (The UNFCCC and Global Emission): 1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiIwW †R‡b‡iv‡Z AbywôZ wek¦aixwÎ m‡¤§jb n‡Z GKwU Kb‡fbkb MwVZ nq, hv ÒRjevqywelqK RvwZmsN Kb‡fbkbÓ (UNFCCC) bv‡g cwiwPZ| IB mgq, 150wU †`k‡K GB bZzb weavb †g‡b Pj‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bvi cÖ‡Póvi †P‡q RjevqywelqK RvwZmsN Kb‡fbkb (BDGbGdwmwmwm) Kve©b WvB A·vBWmn Ab¨vb¨ wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY cÖkgb eva¨Zvg~jK Kvivi wbwg‡Ë fwel¨Z cÖ‡UvKj †NvlYv K‡i| Kb‡fbkbwU Kvh©Ki nIqvi mgq †_‡KB m`m¨ †`kmg~n evrmwiKfv‡e wgwjZ nIqvi Rb¨ GKgZ nq| 1995 mvj †_‡K ïiæ nIqv GB evrmwiK mfv Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R ev Kb‡fbk‡bi cÿ‡ì mfv (COP) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| hviv GB Kb‡fbk‡bi m‡e©v”P wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix KZ©„cÿ wn‡m‡e Kb‡fbk‡bi bxwZgvjv ev Íevq‡bi g~j¨vqb, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b †iv‡a cieZ©x Kg©cš’v, Kb‡fbk‡bi weavb DbœZ Kiv Ges bZzb A½xKv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i| A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb‡K MwZkxj †i‡L wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY cÖkgb Ki‡e Ggb GKwU Lmov cÖ‡UvKj ˆZwiB wQj GB ms‡Ni Ab¨Zg cÖavb jÿ¨| BD.Gb.Gd.wm.wm cÿ ev cvwU©Rmg~n‡K G¨v‡b·-1 Ges bb-G·-1 GB ywU `‡j fvM K‡i| DbœZ Ges abevb mgvRZvwš¿K †`kmg~n (Countries with Economic Transition) G‡b·-1 Gi AšÍf©~³| wPÎ-2 G G¨v‡b·-1 fy³ †`kmg~‡ni 2006 mv‡ji wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi Ae ’v Zz‡j aiv n‡jvÑ G¨v‡b·-1 fy³ †`kmg~n 2006 mv‡j 16.7 wewjqb Gg.wU (mt) wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY K‡i‡Q, we®§qKi welq n‡jvÑ Zvi g‡a¨ cwðgv we‡k¦i AMÖeZ©x DbœZ †`k¸‡jv 12.9 wewjqb Gg.wU (†gvU As‡ki kZKiv 77 fvM) M¨vm wbtmiY K‡i‡Q|

wPÎ-2 G G¨v‡b·-1 fy³ †`kmg~‡ni wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi gvÎv ( m~Î: AvBwcwmwm, K¬vB‡gU †PÄ 2007: wmb‡_wmm wi‡cvU©, 2007 )

[ Note: Global GHG emissions (in GtCO2-eq per year) in the absence of additional climate policies: six illustrative SRES marker scenarios (color redlines) and 80th percentile range of recent scenarios published since SRES (post-SRES) (gray shaded area). Dashed lines show the full range of post-SRES scenarios. The emissions include CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases]. bb-G¨v‡b· fy³ cÖavb cÖavb Dbœqbkxj A_©bxwZ Ges ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmi‡Yi ZviZ‡gï Rb¨ †Kv‡bv GKwU eQ‡ii Zzjbvg~jK Ges mvgwMÖK wPÎ Zz‡j aiv LyeB KwVb| D`vniY îƒcÑ eZ©gv‡b Pxb we‡k¦i m‡e©v”P wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiYKvix ivóª| hv †nvK, 1990 mv‡ji gaëZx© wKsev IB mgq bb-G¨v‡b· fy³ 132 wU †`‡ki me©‡gvU wbtmiY wQj †gvUv‡gvwU 11.7-11.9 wewjqb †gwUªKUb (LLLUCF e¨ZxZ), hv cieZx© mg‡q wbwðZfv‡eB †e‡o‡Q Ges AíwKQz †`k me©vwaK wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY Ki‡Q (†Uwej 1)| wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmi‡Yi †cÖÿvc‡U Gwkqv c¨vwmwdK ivóªmg~nB m‡e©v”P Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Pxb Ges fviZ GB yB ivóª wg‡jB bb-G¨v‡b·-1 fy³ ivóªmg~‡ni A‡a©K wKsev GK Z…Zxqvsk wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b †MvUv wek¦ cÖvq 28-29 wewjqb †gwUªKUb wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY K‡i †hLv‡b evsjv‡`k m‡e©v”P 50 wgwjqb †gwUªKUb wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY K‡i hv mgMÖ wbtmi‡Yi GK kZvs‡ki GK cÂgvsk gvÎ|

†Uwej-1 bb A¨v‡b· fy³ †`kmg~‡ni wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi mgwš^Z gvÎv (mnmt)

(1994 wKsev wbKUeZx© eQi) AÂj/†`k Gj.BD.

Gj.BD. wm.Gd e¨ZxZ

(Without LULUCF)

Gj.BD. Gj.BD. wm.Gdmn

(With LULUCF)

Avwd«Kv 1612.9 1201.8 bvB‡Rwiqv 242.6 347.6 mvD_ Avwd«Kv 379.8 361.2 Gwkqv-c¨vwmwdK 7929.7 7614.1 evsjv‡`k 45.9 53.8 Pvqbv 4057.3 3649.8 fviZ 1214.2 1228.5 `wÿY Av‡gwiKv- K¨vivweqvb

2058.6 2986.5

91 92


eªvwRj 659.0 1477.0 g¨vw·‡Kv 380.0 524.6 bb-A¨v‡b·-1 11735.4 11931.5

Source: UNFCCC/SBI Sixth compilation and synthesis of initial national communications fromParties not included in Annex I to the Convention Addendum Inventories of anthropogenic emissions bysources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases, Document FCCC/SBI/2005/18/Add.2 25 October 2005

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ †bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y c„w_ex‡K m¤¢ve¨ aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ A¨v‡b·-1 fy³ †`k¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì AZxZ wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY gvÎv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i I HwZnvwmK `vqfvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡q fwel¨‡Z wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi jÿ¨gvÎv wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| AvBwcwmwm (IPCC) †_‡K wbtmiY wP‡Îi Ici cÖKvwkZ we‡kl cÖwZ‡e`b Gm.Avi.B.Gm-2007 (SRES, 2007) wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| AwZwi³ Rjevqy bxwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K A_©‰bwZK Ges RbmsL¨v e„w×i nv‡ii cv_©K¨‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L 6 ai‡bi †gŠwjK cÖ‡ÿcb wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q GB we‡kl cÖwZ‡e`‡b| Gm.Avi.B.Gm Ges ZrcieZx© Gm.Avi.B.Gm (Post-SRES) cÖ‡ÿcb (wPÎ 3) Abyhvqx wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY gvÎv K‡g hvIqvi Av‡M evo‡e (welqUv A‡bKUv Kz¨R‡bU Kvf©© -Gi gZ) wn‡me K‡i †`Lv wM‡q‡Q †h, wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmiY evo‡Z _vK‡e Ges 2100 mv‡j wbtmi‡Yi nvi eZ©gvb mg‡qi Pvi¸Y n‡e|

wPÎ 3 GKzk kZ‡Ki wMÖbnvDR M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi gvÎv

(m~Î: AvBwcwmwm, K¬vB‡gU †PÄ 2007: wmb‡_wmm wi‡cvU©, 2007 )

Note: Global GHG emissions (in GtCO2-eq per year) in the absence of additional climate policies: six illustrative SRES marker scenarios (color redlines) and 80th percentile range of recent scenarios published since SRES (post-SRES) (gray shaded area). Dashed lines show the full range of post-SRES scenarios. The emissions include CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases. †fŠZ eë¯’v I gvbexq Kvh©Kjv‡ci Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve (Possible Climate Change Impacts on Physical and Human System): Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK †fŠZ eë¯’v Ges gvbexq Kvh©Kjvc DfqB cÖfvweZ n‡e| K…wl Ges Lv`¨ wbivcËv, ^v ’ I cywó, wkí-KviLvbv I ’vcbv, y‡h©vM eë ’vcbv Ges G ai‡bi welq¸‡jvi Ici I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b

†bwZevPK cÖfve co‡e| weËevb Ges DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi Zzjbvq AbybœZ wKsev ^‡ívbœZ y‡h©vM SzuwKc~Y© †`k¸‡jv AwaK ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e|

cÖvK…wZK †fŠZ eë¯’v I gvbexq Kvh©Kjv‡ci Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei mvi ms‡ÿc AvBwcwmwm cÖYxZ wb‡Pi †Uwe‡j (†Uwej-2) †Ìqv n‡jvÑ

†Uwej-2 : †fŠZ eë¯’v I gvbexq Kvh©Kjv‡ci Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ †bwZevPK cÖfveÑ

wewfbœ †m±‡i cÖavb cÖfvemg~n

NUbv

K…wl, ebvqb I ev Íms¯’vb

cvwb m¤ú` Rb¯v¯’¨ AeKvVv‡gv

Zvc`vn Mig GjvKvq km¨ Drcv`b Kg‡Q; `vevb‡ji fqvenZv evo‡Q

cvwbi Pvwn`v †e‡o‡Q; cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y K‡g‡Q

MigRwbZ g„Zzï SzuwK evo‡Q; µgk ye©jZv

evo‡Q

gvbvbmB emZ evwoi Afv‡e Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Kg‡Q, e„×, wkï Ges Mwie‡ì Ici †ewk cÖfve co‡Q

AwaK e„wócvZ

k‡mï ÿwZ f~wg ÿq; Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Pv‡li Amyweav

f~-c„‡ôi Ic‡i Ges f~-M‡f©i cvwbi ¸Yv¸‡Yi Ici cÖfve; weï× cvwb mieviv‡n mgm¨v

Amy ’Zv I g„Zzï SuzwK e„w×; dzmdzm I Pg©‡ivM

eb¨vi Kvi‡Y AeKvVv‡gv I hvZvqvZ eë ’v webó; m¤ú`nvwb (iv¯ÍvNvU, KvjfvU©)

93 94


LivcÖeY GjvKv e„w×

f~wgi ¸Yv¸Y K‡g hvIqv; Kg km¨ Drcv`b; Mevw` cïi g„Zy¨; `vevb‡ji SuywK

cvwbi Pvwn`v e„w×

Lv`¨ I cvwbi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y AcywóRwbZ †ivM evo‡Q; cvwbRwbZ †ivM evo‡Q

emZevwo, KviLvbv I mvgvwRK Kv‡R cvwbi ¯^íZv; Rj we y¨Z Drcv`‡b evav; RbM‡Yi ¯’vbvšÍi cÖeYZv evo‡Q

N~wY©So I Kvj‰ekvLx So

k‡mï Ici cÖfve, MvQcvjv Dc‡o hvIqv; †Kvivj Øx‡ci ÿwZ

cvwb mievivn wewNœZ nIqv

Amy ’Zv I g„Zzï SuzwK e„w×; Lv`¨ I cvwbevwnZ †ivM e„w×; kvixwiK weKjv½Zv

eb¨v I cÖPÐ evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y m¤ú` nvwb N‡U Ges RbM‡Yi ¯’vbvšÍi cÖeYZv evo‡Q

mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×

†gvnbv I DcK~j GjvKvq jeYv³Zv e„w×

†jvbv cvwbi AbycÖ‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y wgVv cvwbi cwigvY K‡g‡Q

eb¨vi cvwb‡Z c‡o gviv hvIqvi SuzwK evo‡e; ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯^v ’¨nvwb n‡e

DcK~jxq AÂj cÖwZiÿv LiP e„w× cv‡e, RbM‡Yi ¯’vbvšÍi cÖeYZv evo‡e Ges AeKvVv‡gv LiP e„w× cv‡e

( m~Î: AvBwcwmwm 2007) evsjv‡`k: Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqvi Ab¨Zg wkKvi (Bangladesh: Worst Victim of Climate Change) êwk¦K DòZv e„w×‡Z †Kv‡bv `vq bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k me©vwaK y ©kvi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`k BwZg‡a¨B we‡k¦i me‡P‡q y‡h©vMc~Y© †`k wn‡m‡e ^xK…Z Ges †h‡nZz A yi fwel¨‡Z fqven

eb¨v, AwbqwgZ e„wócvZ, ZvcgvÎv e„w×, Zxeª kxZ, Nb Kzqvkv Ges G ai‡bi Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ y‡h©vM¸‡jvi Nb Nb NUvi cÖeYZv Ges ZxeªZv DfqB evo‡e| cÖvq 45.5 wgwjqb gvbyl b`x cøveb, nVvr eb¨v Ges mvgyw`ªK eb¨vi g‡Zv y‡h©vMRwbZ Ki‡Y gvSvgvwS †_‡K Pig SzuwKi m¤§yLxb| D`vniY¯îƒc †Kej

2007 mv‡ji fqven eb¨vq 16 wgwjqb gvbyl mivmwi ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q| mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki cøvweZ nIqvi †Rvovj Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek 40-50wgwjqb gvbyl‡K ev ‘Pz¨Z wKsev RxweKvPz¨Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂ‡j BwZg‡a¨B jeYv³Zv e„w× N‡U‡Q, hv IB AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ Í K‡i‡Q| jeYv³Zv e„w×i eZ©gvb gvÎvB eû †jvK‡K Zv‡ì Avevm ’j †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q| g~jZ M½v cÖYvjx‡Z wgVv cvwbi cÖevn n«vm Ges e‡½vcmvMi n‡Z jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek IB AÂ‡ji f~L‡Ð jeYv³Zvi cwigvY evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Abygvb Kiv nq †h gvÎ 45 †mwg mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡jB G †`‡ki 10 kZvsk AÂj cvwbi wb‡P P‡j hv‡e| AvBwcwmwm 2005 mv‡j D‡jøL K‡i †h, mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv 1wgUvi e„w× †c‡j G †`‡ki 21 kZvsk AÂj jeYv³ cvwbi wb‡P P‡j hv‡e| Ab¨ w`‡K `wÿ‡Y mgy ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× Ges DË‡i eid Mjvi Avk¼vRbK nvi evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb cøvweZ AÂ‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ AwZwi³ wekvj GKwU Ask‡K cøvweZ Ki‡e| êwk¦K Rjevqy Av‡jvPbv (Global Climate Change Discourse) : 21 kZ‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi g‡Zv AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq †gvKvwejvq Av‡jvPbv I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ BDGbGdwmwmwm (UNFCCC) RvqMv I my‡hvM w`‡q hv‡”Q| cÖwZ eQi cÿmg~‡ni (COP) mvaviY mfvq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ †`k Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ AvšÍR©vwZK Av‡jvPbvq wb‡R‡ì‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Kb‡fk‡bi jÿ¨ n‡jv evqygÐ‡j wMÖbnvDR M¨v‡mi fvimvg¨ iÿv Kiv hv Kb‡fbk‡bi Aby‡”Q` 2-G ¯úó D‡jøL Av‡Q, Òwek¦e¨vcx evqygÐj wMÖbnvDR M¨vm Ggb gvÎvq Kwg‡q Avbv n‡e hv gvbe m¤cÖ vq‡K fqven ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Ki‡e| G gvÎv Kb‡fk‡bi gva¨‡g cwigvc Kiv nqwb Z‡e G gvÎv cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Lv`¨ Drcv`b ûgwKi gy‡L bv c‡o Ges A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb †hb GKUv †UKmB c×wZ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÿfy³ ivóª hviv GB Kb‡fk‡b ¯^vÿi mg_©b, Abymg_©b K‡i‡Q Zviv GB Kb‡fk‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z Aby‡”Q` 3bs Abyhvqx Kb‡fk‡bi evaëvaKZv cvjb Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q me DbœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Ô†hvM¨Zv Ges `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai wfbœZvi Av‡jv‡K mgZvi bxwZÕ‡Z †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| hwÌ HwZnvwmK Ges êÁvwbK „wó‡KvY †_‡K GUv cÖgvwYZ †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKviK M¨vmmg~n DbœZ ivóª †_‡KB Drcvw`Z Ges wbM©Z n‡”Q wKš‘ Rjevqy

95 96


cwieZ‡©bi d‡j m„ó AbybœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n‡K me‡P‡q †ewk ÿwZMÖ Í Ki‡Q| myZivs mgZvi bxwZi `vwe n‡”Q DbœZ ivóªmg~n‡KB Zv‡ì wbR¯^ m¤ú` I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| DbœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Av‡jvPbv A‡bK RwUj, `xN©‡gqvw` Ges KzU‰bwZK hv BwZg‡a¨B Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq †ek wKQz D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR K‡i‡Q| Kb‡fbkb, wKD‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj, evwj †ivW g¨vc, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb GKvW©, KvbKzb Pzw³, Wve©vb djvdj Ges †`vnv K¬vB‡gU †MU I‡q-G AvšÍR©vwZK Av‡jvPbvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ dmj| me©‡kl, KvZv‡ii †`vnvq AbywôZ n‡jv Kvc-18/wmGgwc 8 (CMP.8)| KvZvi Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †ek wKQz welq †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q hv Av‡jvPbv‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K Ges wKQz AvšÍR©vwZK wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ G‡b w`‡q‡Q| †`vnv K¬vB‡gU †MUI‡q †h welq¸‡jv‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ K) 2020 mvj †_‡K mKj †`k‡K wb‡q GKUv mve©Rbxb Rjevqy cwieZ©b Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2015 mvj †_‡KB ªæZ KvR K‡i hvIqv| L) 2020 mv‡ji Av‡MB wMÖbnvDR M¨vm (GHG) wbtmiY n«v‡mi mg¯Í D‡`¨vM‡K mgš^q Kivi GKUv c_ †ei Kiv| RvwZmsN gnvmwPe †`vnv m‡¤§j‡bB wek¦ †bZv‡ì wb‡q 2014 mv‡j GKUv m‡¤§jb Av‡qvR‡bi †NvlYv †`b| GB m‡¤§jb wek¦-†bZ…e„‡›ì ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv‡K eënvi K‡i 2015 mv‡ji cÖvwšÍK mxgv iÿvi welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e, hv‡Z c„w_ex ZvcgvÎv e„w× m‡e©v”P 2° wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm-Gi wb‡P ivLvi GKUv my‡hvM cvq| Gi evB‡ii †Kv‡bv †cÖÿvc‡U, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve Av‡iv fqven n‡e| hwÌ G mg¯Í gvBj‡÷vb¸‡jv DbœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj ivóªmg~‡ni g‡a¨ ~iZ¡ Kwg‡q w`‡”Q, ZeyI Aewkó ivR‰bwZK wfbœgZ mgvav‡bi gva¨‡g, h_vh_ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †i‡L, 2015 mv‡ji Av‡MB GKUv êwk¦K Rjevqy Pzw³ mevi mngZ wb‡q P~ovšÍ Ki‡Z n‡e| wKQz ivR‰bwZK RwUjZv ev GL‡bv mgvav‡bi evB‡i i‡q‡Q hv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jvÑ

• mKj cvwU©‡K êwk¦K DòZv e„w×i gvÎv wba©vi‡Y GKgZ n‡Z n‡e Ges †mUv 1.5 A_ev 2° wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm n‡Z cv‡i|

• 2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ `xN©‡gqvw` wbtmiY gvÎv (50 †_‡K 95) kZvsk wVK Ki‡Z n‡e|

• 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B 25.40 kZvsk wKsev 20-49 kZvsk, 2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 40-95 kZvsk A_ev 2040 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 100 kZvsk wbtmiY n«v‡mi jÿ¨ w ’i Ki‡Z n‡e|

• GKUv †idv‡iÝ eQ‡ii wecix‡Z wbtmiY n«vm cwigv‡ci welqwU mKj cvwU©‡ì‡K †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e| (1990, 2005 A_ev eZ©gvb Ae ’v)

• 2015, 2020 wKsev (non comital) ÒhZ ªæZ m¤¢eÓ mg‡qi g‡a¨ m‡ev©”P wbtmiY gvÎv wVK Ki‡Z n‡e|

• wbtmiY cwigv‡ci †ÿ‡Î wn‡me c×wZ P~ovšÍ Ki‡Z n‡e| K…wl Ges Gj.BD.Gj.BD.wm.Gd (LULUCF)-Gi f~wgKv|

• Avi.B.wW.wW+ (REDD+) Gi Rb¨ A_©cÖev‡ni wbf©i‡hvM¨ Ges Aby‡gq Drm Ges Avi.B.wW.wW+ (REDD+) msL¨vMZ jÿ¨ w ’i Kiv|

• DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B AvKvk I mgy`ª c‡_i PjvP‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq R¡vjvwb †_‡K wbtmiY Kgv‡Z n‡e I GKB mv‡_ GKUv wbw ©ó mxgv cÖwZwôZ K‡i ev Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g ivR ^ Avq Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª ms¯’v Ges wmwfj Gwd‡ikb ms¯’vmg~‡ni f~wgKv ivL‡Z n‡e|

• Rjevqy A_©vqb Ges cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU †m±‡i AskMÖnYmn wbw`©ó msL¨K `xN©‡gqvw` A_©vq‡bi eë ’vcbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

• DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì HwZnvwmK `vqfv‡ii Ask wn‡m‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ Ges Aby‡gq A_©vq‡bi Kvh©c×wZ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ cÖavb cÖavb Dbœqbkxj A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î mgZvq‡bi welqwU Kxfv‡e êwk¦K Rjevqy Pzw³i g‡a¨ †_‡K Kiv hvq †m wel‡q w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e|

• Awf‡hvRb Ges Kvh©bxwZ‡Z HwZnvwmK `vqfvi we‡ePbvq †i‡L h‡_ó cwigvY m¤ú‡ì wbðqZv w`‡Z n‡e|

• cÖhyw³ wewbg‡q †gav-m¤ú` AwaKv‡ii f~wgKv Ges • mKj cwU©B 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨B êwk¦K Rjevqy cwiPzw³ P~ovšÍ Ki‡e

Ges 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c Kvh©Ki n‡e|

RvZxq ch©v‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖwZwµqv (National Climate Change Response): ^‡ívbœZ †`kmg~‡ni m`m¨ Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SzuwKc~Y© †`k nIqv m‡Ë¡I

evsjv‡`k Zvi mxwgZ mva¨ Ges my‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨B Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q †gavi weKv‡k KvR Ki‡Q wVK †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K Zrmswkøó †bwZevPK cÖfve †gvKvwejvq KiYxq wVK K‡i‡Q| †`kwU BwZg‡a¨B Awf‡hvRb c`‡ÿc, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, SzuwK I cÖkgb wel‡q M‡elYvmn we‡k¦i cÖ_g †`k wn‡m‡e kw³i mÿgZv evov‡Z GbvwR© g‡Wwjs PP©v Ki‡Q|

97 98


êwk¦K Kg©Kv‡Ði Ask wn‡m‡e 2005 mv‡j RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©cwiKíbv (National Adaptation Programme of Action-NAPA) ˆZwi K‡i hv 2009 (ms‡kvwaZ) mv‡j MÖnY nq| ^í‡bœvZ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GUvB wQj cÖ_g hv Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv‡K AwfÁZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡qwQj, hv‡Z K‡i Zviv Zv‡ì NAPA cÖ ‘wZi mgq G AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i| evwj †ivW g¨vc -Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ 2008 mv‡jB evsjv‡`k cÖ_g †`k wn‡m‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg© cwiKíbv- we.wm.wm.Gm.G.wc (Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan-BCCSAP) ˆZwi K‡i Ges hv 2009 mv‡j MÖnY nq| †UKmB Dbœqb, `vwi`ª we‡gvPb Ges SzuwKc~Y© I `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœqb‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg© cwiKíbv (2009) QqwU ¯Í‡¤¢i Ici wbwg©Z| ’¤¢ ‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. Lv`¨ wbivcËv mvgvwRK myiÿv I ¯^v¯’¨, 2. mgwš^Z y‡h©vM

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A½xKvi (Pledges)

Dbœqb mn‡hvMx

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(wgwjqb)

BD Gm Wjv‡ii cwigvY

(wgwjqb)

RgvK…Z Kv‡iwÝ (wgwjqb)

BD Gm Wjv‡i cwiewZ©Z RgvK…Z Kv‡iwÝ (wgwjqb)

Zzjbvg~jK Abv`vqx Ae`vb (%)

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wW Gd AvB wW

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myBm CHF 11.4 12.5 5.4 6.0 53%

BD Gm GBW

USD 13.0 13.0 9.0 9.0 31%

†gvU 188.2 90.0

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nj‡`‡U-mv`v, myMwÜ, cÖvq wZb †mw›UwgUvi PIov, meyR e„Z¨vs‡k AvswkK XvKv _v‡K, evwUer, cvcwo Qq †_‡K 9wU| Kj‡g Pvl| eø vKweb: †evUvwbK¨vj mv‡f© Ae BwÛqv cÖKvwkZ cwðg evsjvi Dw™¢ MÖ‡š’ Rvbv‡bv nq, GK mgq GB MvQ ga¨ fvi‡Z c_Ziæ wn‡m‡e jvMv‡bv n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b KjKvZvi wkecyi †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©‡bI MvQwU msiwÿZ Av‡Q| A‡÷ªwjqvi Dc-DògÐ‡ji G MvQ (Castanospermum australe) Avgv‡ì †`‡k KLb Kxfv‡e G‡m‡Q Zv GLb Avi Rvbv hvq bv| wPimeyR GB MvQwU 25 wgUvi ch©šÍ DuPz n‡Z cv‡i| KvÐ mij, Kv‡jv I Wvjcvjv¸‡jv SzjšÍ| we‡RvocÎx, cwÎKv msL¨v cÖvq 16.5 BwÂ j¤^v| kxl© cwÎKv †QvU| cvZv j¤^vq cuvP †mw›UwgUvi| Kgjv-jvj i‡Oi bRiKvov dzj¸‡jv Wvjcvjv I cvZvi K‡ÿ ¸”Qe×fv‡e _v‡K| cÖavb cÖùzUbKvj GwcÖj †_‡K Ryb gvm ch©šÍ| cÖwZwU d‡j †MvjvKvi ex‡Ri msL¨v Pvi- cuvPwU| GB exR Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx, ^v` ev`v‡gi g‡Zv| †mLvbKvi Avwèvmx‡ì wcÖq| G Kvi‡Y MvQwUi ¯’vbxq Av‡iK bvg A‡÷ªwjqvb †PmbvU| KvV k³, mv`v I nj‡` AuvP †gkv‡bv| gwYgvjv: G AÂ‡ji MvQ bq| XvKvq KvR©b nj cÖv½Y, †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb, igbv cvK© I †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©‡b K‡qKwU MvQ Av‡Q| lv‡Ui `k‡K wRwcIi cv‡k GKwU my „k¨ exw_ wQj| †cvkvwK bvg wg‡jwkqv| GK mgq ïay wgqvbgv‡ii †cÖvg †Rjv‡ZB mxgve× wQj| GLb `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi ~i ~ivšÍ‡i Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| MvQ bvwZ`xN©, KvÐ gm„Y, wKsev mv`v‡U| kxl© kvLveûj, cÖkvLv¸‡jv AvbZ| †hŠwMK cvZv Nb meyR, gm„Y, cvZvi msL¨v mvZ, kxl©cvZv we‡Rvo I wW¤^vK…wZ| kx‡Z me cvZv S‡i, em‡šÍi †k‡l bZzb cvZv MRvq| cÖvq wb®cÖÎ wg‡jwkqvi (Millettia ovalifolia) ARmª wPKb kvLv-cÖkvLvq bxjvf dz‡ji GK Avðh© „k¨| AwbqZ gÄwi eû‡cŠw®úK, `xN© Ges SzjšÍ MvQwU wkg‡MvÎxq weavq dz‡ji Mob wkg wKsev gUiïuwUi g‡Zv| dz‡ji Ggb i‡Oi Zzjbv †`kxq Ziæ‡Z †bB| R¨vKvivÛv: R¨vKvivÛv †`wk MvQ bq; Rb¥¯’vb eªvwRj| GB my`k©b MvQwU Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖvq 70 †_‡K 80 eQi Av‡M G‡jI wVK ZZUv mnRjf¨ n‡q I‡Vwb| Gi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q Rjve×Zv| Z‡e we‡klÁiv Nb Nb eb¨v‡KB G Mv‡Qi ^vfvweK e„w×‡Z cÖwZeÜKZv wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib| XvKvi †ZRMuvI‡q cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vjq cÖv½Y I avbgwÐ GjvKvq †ek K‡qKwU MvQ †Pv‡L c‡o| Zv Qvov igbv cvK© I †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©‡bI y-GKwU AcwiYZ MvQ †`Lv hvq| R¨vKvivÛv (Jakaranda mimosifolia) gvSvwi AvK…wZi cÎ‡gvwP e„ÿ| KvÐ gm„Y I nvjKv a~mi i‡Oi| cvZv wPij wPij, KviæKvh©gq I web¨vm wecÖZxc| MÖx‡®§i cÖ_gfv‡MB bZzb cvZv MRv‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Gi ci ciB Wv‡ji AvMvq ¸”Qe× dzj dzU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| dz‡ji is †e¸wb, †`L‡Z bjvKvi I yB BwÂ j¤^v| GB Mv‡Qi KvV `vwg I myMwÜ| †fZ‡ii Auvk †e¸wb I Kv‡jv †iLvq wPwÎZ| Rb¥¯’v‡b GB Mv‡Qi cvZv eÿ‡ivM I ÿZ wPwKrmvq Kv‡R jv‡M|

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wMøwiwmwWqv: wMøwiwmwWqv G AÂ‡ji wbR¯^ MvQ bq| Z‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k G‡m‡Q A‡bK Av‡MB| †m Zzjbvq ZZUv weKwkZ nqwb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvR©b nj cÖv½Y, igbv cvK© I †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©‡b K‡qKwU MvQ †`Lv hvq| †k‡i evsjvi gvRvi I B¯‹vU‡bi nwj d¨vwgwj †iv‡Wi MvQ¸‡jv GLb Avi †bB| MvQ gvSvwi AvK…wZi| eû kvLvq wef³ e„ÿkxl© QÎvK…wZ, kvLv-cÖkvLv `xN©, bgbxq I AvbZ| evKj big, ’‚j, a~mi I AmsL¨ mv`v mv`v †duvUvq wPwýZ| †hŠwMKcÎ GKcÿj Ges cwÎKvmg~n cÎv‡ÿ wecÖZxcfv‡e web¨ Í| MvQ Qvqvwbweo| DÏvg c‡Y©i cÖvPz‡h©, mey‡Ri D¾¡j Hk¦‡h© Ges Av‡›`vwjZ kvLvi gg©‡i wMøwiwmwWqv (Gliricidia maculata) Ziæi Av`k©| kx‡Z me cvZv S‡i c‡o| em‡šÍi ïiæ‡ZB cÖùzU‡bi Hk¦‡h© me wi³Zv, me k~b¨Zv gy‡Q hvq| dz‡j dz‡j mv`v GjvwqZ `xN© kvLvi G †mŠ›`h© AZzjbxq| cvcwoi is mv`v ev g„ y †Mvjvwc| gayMwÜ G dzj P›`bwmœ» †kvfvq †ek AvKl©x| AvqZb I AvK…wZ‡Z wkg ev gUiïuwUi LyeB Nwbô| civM‡Kki ¸”Qe× Ges wØavwef³| dz‡ji ci ciB cvZv I dj nq| dj P¨vÞv, j¤^v Ges cvKv Ae ’vq Lo-mv`v| ejav Mv‡W©‡bi yj©f MvQcvjv AÄb dzj: dzjwU cÖ_g †`wL ejav Mv‡W©‡b, Zvici igbv cvK© I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msiwÿZ evMv‡b| AÄb dzj AvKv‡i †QvU n‡jI PUK`vi e‡Y©i Kvi‡Y Lye mn‡RB bRiKv‡o| MvQ cÖvq wZb wgUvi ch©šÍ DuPz n‡Z cv‡i| Mo‡b †Svcvj I wPimeyR| cvZv j¤^vq Qq †_‡K 10 †mw›UwgUvi I cÖ‡¯’ AvovB †_‡K cuvP †mw›UwgUvi| Mvp-meyR i‡Oi Ges Pvg©| dzj †dvUvi †gŠmyg emšÍ †_‡K MÖx®§ Aewa| KvÐ I WvjcvjvRy‡o _vKv †QvU †QvU bxj‡P †e¸wb i‡Oi dz‡ji †_vKvi is mwZ¨B †gvnbxq| cÖwZwU dz‡ji ¸”Q cuvP wgwjwgUvi PIov, Wv‡ji Mv †_‡K †e‡ivq Ges cÖvq mviv MvQ †Q‡q †d‡j| d‡ji is cÖ_‡g jvj, c‡i ax‡i ax‡i Kv‡jv is aviY K‡i| Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvaviYZ Kj‡gB Pvl Kiv nq| K¨v‡gwjqv: XvKvq ^í msL¨K K¨v‡gwjqv Av‡Q ejav Mv‡W©‡bi wmwewj As‡k| Avi Av‡Q †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvi Pv evMv‡b| wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡Z †M‡j kÖxg½j GjvKvq| eY©‰ewPÎ¨ I myM‡Üi Rb¨ †Mvjv‡ci ci ciB Gi ¯’vb| cÖwZeQi Rvbyqvwii †kl w`‡K ev †deªæqvwii cÖ_gfv‡M wmwewj evMv‡bi †bU nvD‡mi dzj¸‡jv dzU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| D`¨vb iPbvi †Mvovi w`‡K 1936 mvj †_‡KB GLv‡b K¨v‡gwjqv Pvl ïiæ n‡q‡Q| K¨v‡gwjqv wPimeyR Pv †MvÎxq MvQ| ZvB †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Pv Mv‡Qi g‡ZvB| Rb¥¯’v‡b 10 wgUvi ev Z‡ZvwaK DuPz n‡jI Avgv‡ì †`‡k ¸j¥er, †Svcvj, yB †_‡K AvovB wgUvi DuPz| dzj wm½j ev Wvej| cvZv PKP‡K meyR, AvKl©x, Mob A‡bKUv Pv cvZvi g‡ZvB| G‡ì cÖRvwZ msL¨v 45 ev Z‡ZvwaK| Av‡jvP¨ cÖRvwZwU (Camellia japonica) R‡b¥ Gwkqvi kxZj I Dc-Dò AÂ‡j| mv`v I jvj dz‡ji MvQ msL¨vq †ewk| cÖwZwU dz‡jB cuvPwU e„wZ I AmsL¨ cys‡Kki _v‡K| QvqvN‡i G dz‡ji Pvl myweavRbK|

^Y© A‡kvK: Rvbv g‡Z, GKwUB cwiYZ MvQ Av‡Q ejav Mv‡W©‡bi mvBwK As‡k| Z‡e KLb ev †Kv_v †_‡K MvQwU GLv‡b jvMv‡bv nq Zv Rvbv hvq bv| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †h Kq ai‡bi A‡kvK cvIqv hvq Zvi g‡a¨ ^Y© A‡kvK †ek AvKl©Yxq I y®cÖvc¨| Ab¨vb¨ A‡kv‡Ki m‡½ cÖùzUbKv‡ji wKQyUv wfbœZv Av‡Q| dzj D¾¡j

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eo †Svc ˆZwi K‡i| cvZv D¾¡j meyR, cuvP †_‡K AvU †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v, AvMv †PvLv, web¨vm wecixZ| em‡šÍ cvZvi g‡a¨ wZb †_‡K QqwU dz‡ji †QvU †QvU †_vKv, mv`v I myMwÜ| cuvPwU †Mvj cvcwo, †ò †mw›UwgUvi PIov| †`L‡Z evwUi g‡Zv| MÖx‡®§I dz‡ji †ik †_‡K hvq| Kj‡g Pvl| †Qu‡U †Svc evwb‡qI ivLv hvq| êÁvwbK bvg Vallaris heynei. †jLK: cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ekwelqK †jLK mvaviY m¤úv`K, Ziæcjøe

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Avey †bvgvb dviæK Avn‡¤§`

K…wl‡Z evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi: msK‡U gvbe ^v ’ I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨

†cw÷mvBW ev evjvBbvkK g~jZ GK cÖKvi wel, hv eënƒZ nq dm‡ji wewfbœ iKg Avc` Z_v †cvKvgvKo, RxevYy, AvMvQv I Bu yi `g‡b| wewfbœ cÖKvi †cw÷mvB‡Wi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Bb‡mw±mvBW ev KxUbvkK, dvbwRmvBW ev QÎvKbvkK, DBwWmvBW/nvwe©mvBW ev AvMvQvbvkK, gvBwUmvBW ev gvKobvkK Ges †iv‡Ww›UmvBW ev †iv‡W›U †c÷ A_©vr Bu yi gvivi wel| me ai‡bi evjvB ev Avc` dmj Drcv`‡b bvbv iKg ÿwZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| Avi G ÿwZ †gvKvwejvq K…lKiv evjvBbvkK ev †cw÷mvBW eënvi K‡i _v‡K| dmj‡K iÿvi Rb¨ K…lK‡ì evjvBbvk‡Ki h‡_”Q eënvi dmj‡K iÿv Ki‡jI aŸsm Ki‡Q Rxe‰ewPÎ¨| eZ©gv‡b evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi GKw`‡K dm‡ji Drcv`b LiP evwo‡q w`‡”Q Ab¨w`‡K gvbe ^v ’ I cwi‡e‡ki gvivZ¥K ÿwZi KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| Avevi `xN©w`b evjvBbvkK eënvi Kivi d‡j w`b w`b ÿwZKi

†cvKvgvKo I RxevYy evjvBbvkK cÖwZ‡ivax n‡q DV‡Q| evsjv‡`k µc †cÖv‡UKkb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb-Gi Z_¨ g‡Z, eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k 62wU K¤úvwb evjvBbvkK Avg`vwb, wi-c¨vwKs, wecYb I evRviRvZ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k †h cwigvY evjvBbvkK eënvi Kiv nq, Gi meB we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| †`‡k †gvU 11wU cÖwZôvb we‡`k †_‡K evjvBbvk‡Ki mwµq Dcv`vb Avg`vwb K‡i †`‡k wbw ©ó eª v‡Ûi cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i, Abïv mivmwi wbw`©ó eª¨v‡Ûi wdwbkW cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i| K…wl m¤úÖmviY Awa`ß‡ii Dw™¢ msiÿY DBs-Gi evjvBbvkK cÖkvmb I gvb wbqš¿Y kvLv evsjv‡`‡k †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖvß evjvBbvk‡Ki gvb wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| G kvLvi D‡`¨v‡M 2006-07 I

2007-08 A_©eQ‡i wewfbœ Dc‡Rjv †_‡K 580wU evjvBbvk‡Ki ivmvqwbK cixÿv †cw÷mvBW j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv nq Ges ivmvqwbK cixÿvq cÖvß 80wU ÿwZKi evjvBbvkK ZvrÿwYKfv‡e evRvi †_‡K cÖZ¨vnv‡ii eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k AvU ai‡bi 71wU gvKobvkK, 35 ai‡bi 244wU QÎvKbvkK, 53 ai‡bi 688wU KxUbvkK, 22 ai‡bi 122wU AvMvQvbvkK, `yB ai‡bi 10wU Bu yibvkK evRv‡i i‡q‡Q| G Qvov GK ai‡bi 68wU †bgv‡UvWbvkK Ges †÷viW †MÖBb †c÷ ev ¸`vgRvZ k‡mï †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ wZb ai‡bi 28wU we‡kl KxUbvkK i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k g~jZ fviZ, Pxb, gvj‡qwkqv, wm½vcyi, Rvgvwb©, Av‡gwiKvmn wewfbœ †`k †_‡K †cw÷mvBW Avg`vwb K‡i _v‡K| wbgœgvb, wiwmWzqvj B‡d± I gvbe ^v‡ ’ i SzuwK we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`k miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ 109wU †cw÷mvBW wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| KxUbvkK ev evjvBbvk‡Ki cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ cÖfv‡e gvbe g„Zzï welqwU GL‡bv ch©šÍ mviv we‡k¦ eûjvs‡k AcÖKvwkZ| hy³ivóªwfwËK cwi‡ek M‡elYv MÖæcÑ Iqvì© wi‡mvm© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b Rvbv hvq, K…wlKv‡R eënƒZ KxUbvk‡Ki ivmvqwbK cÖwZwµqvq gvby‡li kix‡ii cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v e¨vcKfv‡e bó n‡q hvq| ZvB mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q gvby‡li †ivM-e¨vwai cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k dmj Drcv`b I iÿvq Rwg‡Z eënƒZ ivmvqwbK mvi I wewfbœ cÖKvi evjvBbvk‡Ki cÖfv‡e gvbyl, Mevw`cï, grm¨m¤ú`mn mvgwMÖK Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ Ges cwi‡ek AvR gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ûgwKi gy‡L| †`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk evjvBbvkK eënvi Kiv nq kvKmewR Drcv`‡b, hv µ‡gB Rb ^v ’ ‡K wech©‡qi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡”Q| KxUbvkK Rwg‡Z eënvi Kivi ci †gqv` c~Y© nIqvi Av‡MB kvKmewR evRv‡i wewµi Rb¨ Avbv n‡”Q| mvaviY gvbyl bv †R‡b Aí ay‡qB Zv Lvevi wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Q| wKš‘ KxUbvk‡Ki welwµqv GZ cÖej †h, †avqvi ciI Zv wgwj‡q hvq bv| d‡j Lvev‡ii mv‡_ gvbe‡`‡n Ges LoKz‡Uvi gva¨‡g cïi †c‡U cÖ‡ek K‡i m„wó K‡i bvbvb RwUj †ivM| evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g cixÿvg~jKfv‡e KxUbvkK eënvi ïiæ nq 1951 mv‡j| 1956 mv‡j ZrKvjxb miKv‡ii Ôcøv›U †cÖv‡UKkb DBsÕ cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k f‚L‡Ð yB Ub KxUbvkK Avg`vwb K‡i| evsjv‡`k miKvi 1974 mvj ch©šÍ KxUbvk‡Ki †ÿ‡Î kZ fvM fZz©wK w`‡q‡Q| IB eQi fZz©wK Kwg‡q 50 kZvs‡k bvwg‡q Avbv nq| 1979 mv‡j miKvwi fZz©wK cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨vnvi Ges 1980 mvj †_‡K †emiKvwi Lv‡Z KxUbvkK Avg`vwb Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| ïiæi w`‡K KxUbvkK eënvi K…lK‡ì gv‡S RbwcÖq Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K GKwU †¯øvMvb wQjÑ Ô†evKvi dmj †cvKvq LvqÕ| miKvwi KZ…©c‡ÿi cÖPviYvq AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi| †mvmvBwU di Gbfvqib‡g›U A¨vÛ wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui (†mW) c‡ÿ wdwjc MvBb iwPZ GK AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, 1985 mvj †_‡K 90 mv‡ji

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g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k KxUbvk‡Ki eënvi wØ¸Y †e‡o‡Q| 1985-86 mv‡j eënƒZ KxUbvk‡Ki cwigvY wQj wZb nvRvi 63 †gwUªK Ub, hv 1990-91 mv‡j †e‡o uvovq Qq nvRvi 948 †gwUªK Ub| 1999 mv‡j †`‡k †cw÷mvBW eënv‡ii

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ÿwZKi| GB KxUbvk‡Ki ms¯ú‡k© G‡j gvbyl wjD‡Kvwgqvq AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Zv Qvov Mf© ’ wkïi g„Zz¨ I weKjv½ nIqvi Avk¼vI _v‡K| wek¦ ^v ’ ms ’vi g‡Z, Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡n we‡k¦i 30 kZvsk evjvBbvkK eënvi n‡jI G Kvi‡Y msNwUZ g„Zzï 95 kZvskB n‡q _v‡K Gme †`‡k| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k Mevw`cïi GgbwK gv‡qi y‡aI K¨vÝvi m„wóKvix KxUbvk‡Ki Ae‡kl cvIqv †M‡Q| jÛbwfwËK msMVb DB‡gbm Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj †bUIqv‡K©i g‡Z, Lv‡`¨ we`¨gvb KxUbvkK G‡Kev‡i gvZ…RVi †_‡KB wkïi ÿwZ K‡i| M‡elK‡ì `vwe, Lv‡`¨ KxUbvk‡Ki Ae‡kl wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z e¨vcK ¯Íb K¨vÝvi m„wói Rb¨ `vqx| Gme †`‡k 30 †_‡K 54 eQi eqmx gwnjv‡ì g„Zzï Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv ¯Íb K¨vÝvi| m¤cÖwZ RvwZms‡Ni BD‡ivcwfwËK A_©‰bwZK Kwgkb GK PgKcÖ Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| D”P welv³Zvhy³ 12wU KxUbvk‡Ki weiƒc cÖwZwµqvq Mo 50 eQ‡i cyiæ‡li mšÍvb Drcv`b ÿgZv 42 kZvsk K‡g †M‡Q| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e aviYv Kiv n‡”Q, Pvlvev` cÖwµqvq e¨vcKnv‡i ivmqwbK KxUbvk‡Ki Aceënv‡ii Rb¨ †hme welq‡K `vqx Kiv nq †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ we`¨gvb AvBb I bxwZgvjvi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM bv nIqv, KxUbvkK wel‡q AwfÁ we‡khÁ I we‡kølYKvixi Afve, gvV ch©v‡q mswkøó-KZ…©c‡ÿi Kg©x ^íZv, KxUbvkK m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq I ch©vß Z‡_ï Afve, ÿwZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© eënviKvixi AÁZv I Am‡PZbZv Ges AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix KZ…©c‡ÿi AÁZv I mw`”Qvi Afve cÖf…wZ| †emiKvwi ms¯’v Bbw÷wUDU di †W‡fjc‡g›U cwjwm GbvjvBwmm A¨vÛ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Ges cÖwkKv weivRgvb mgm¨vi mgvav‡b †ek wKQy c`‡ÿc‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| ms¯’vi g‡Z, gvbe‡`n I cwi‡e‡ki Ici weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wóKvix ÔWvwU© WRbÕ fz³ me KxUbvk‡Ki wbeÜb evwZj Ges Avg`vwb I eënvi wbwl× Kiv; eënƒZ KxUbvk‡Ki Ae‡kl (†iwmwWD) we‡kølY; KxUbvk‡Ki Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY I eënv‡ii m‡½ mswkøó‡ì ^v ’ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv; mgwš^Z evjvB eë¯’vcbvi (AvBwcGg) cÖPvi I m¤cÖmviY; KxUbvkK wbeÜb, ¸YMZgvb, welwµqv, cÖwZwµqv cÖf…wZ wel‡q wbqg-Kvby‡bi cÖ‡qvM wbwðZKiY; KxUbvk‡Ki evRvi wbqš¿Y Ges m‡PZbZv e„w×| cvkvcvwk MYgva¨‡g e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvi Pvwj‡q KxUbvkK eënvi c×wZ, cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv eë ’v, mgwš^Z evjvB eë¯’vcbv Ges Ô†UKmBÕ K…wl eë¯’v Z_v cwi‡e‡ki c‡ÿ RbMY‡K DØy× I m‡PZb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †cvKvgvKo, †ivMevjvB AbycÖ‡ek I we Ívi †iva Ges Dw™¢ ^v ’ myiÿvmn Aby‡gv`bnxb Dw™¢ RvZ ªe¨vw` Avg`vwb-idZvwbi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P yB eQ‡ii Kviv`Ð A_ev cuvP jvL UvKv Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq `‡Ði weavb K‡i

msm‡` ÔDw™¢` m½wb‡iva wej-2011Õ cvm n‡q‡Q| `¨ †W÷ªvw±f Bb‡m± A¨vÛ

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evRviRvZ K‡i| evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi (weGwWwm) Kiv K…wl DcKiY eënv‡i K…l‡Ki AwfÁZv kxl©K GK M‡elYvq ejv n‡q‡Q, †`‡ki 77 kZvsk K…lK K…wl DcKi‡Yi (mvi, exR, †mP, KxUbvkK cÖf…wZ) mwVK eënvi Rv‡b bv| Avi AwaKvsk K…lKB KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© AÁ| IB M‡elYvq Av‡iv ejv nq, †`‡ki K…lKiv mewRmn wewfbœ dm‡ji †ÿ‡Î dmj msMÖ‡ni gvÎ yB †_‡K Pvi w`b Av‡M, GgbwK dmj msMÖ‡ni w`bI evjvBbvkK I KxUbvkK eënvi K‡i, d‡j IB me evjvBbvk‡Ki wiwmWzqvj B‡d± gvbe‡`‡n P‡j Av‡m, hv gvbe‡`‡n bvbv ai‡bi RwUjZv m„wó K‡i, Rxebxkw³ n«vm K‡i, GgbwK K¨vÝvimn bvb RwUj †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Kvi‡Y wd eQi evo‡Q Lv`¨ Pvwn`v| Ab¨w`‡K evjvB‡qi Avµg‡Y Drcvw`Z Lv`¨km¨ wecyj cwigv‡Y bó n‡”Q| evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GK Rwic †_‡K Rvbv hvq, Avgv‡ì †`‡k 18 kZvsk dmjnvwb N‡U ïay KxUcZ‡½i Kvi‡Y| evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Ab¨ GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k 15 kZvsk dmjnvwb N‡U ïay †ivMevjvB‡qi Kvi‡Y Ges gvV ch©v‡q 5 †_‡K 7 kZvsk dmj bó nq Bu y‡ii Avµg‡Y| G Qvov AvMvQvRwbZ Kvi‡YI dmjnvwb N‡U| K…wlRvZ dm‡ji bvbvwea ÿwZKi †cvKvgvKo I †ivMevjvB wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi Rb¨ me©vaywbK `gb eë ’v wn‡m‡e †`‡k mgwš^Z evjvB eë ’vcbv Pvjy n‡jI AvBwcG‡gi me©‡kl eë ’vÑ ivmvqwbK `gb eë¯’vwUB GL‡bv me©vwaK eënƒZ Dcvq| Avevi gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi Kvi‡Y †`ke¨vcx evjvBbvk‡Ki eëmv m¤úÖmvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk evjvBbvk‡Ki msL¨vI µ‡gB †e‡o Pj‡Q| cwi‡ek I gvbe ^v ’ myiÿvq evjvBbvkK eënv‡i h_vh_ wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b Pjv I cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv DwPZ| ivmvqwbK evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi Øviv dmj iÿv Ges AwZwi³ Drcv`b n‡jI Gi †cQ‡b wewfbœ ÿwZKi cÖwZwµqvq †h ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vi m„wó nq Ges cwi‡ek ~wlZ nq, Zv‡Z DcKv‡ii †P‡q AcKviB †ewk n‡”QÑ G‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB|

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cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G‡ì cÖRvwZi AšÍf©y³, hvi g‡a¨ †ewki fvMB wewfbœ cÖRvwZi f¨vivBwU Ges †ek K‡qKwU GKvwaK cÖRvwZ ev f¨vivBwUi g‡a¨ µm-weªwWs-Gi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z cÖRvwZ| Avwd«Kvb gv¸i, _vB cv½vm, wcivbnv, bvB‡jvwUKv, †Zjvwcqv, wmjfvi Kvc©, wgii Kvc©, †¯‹j Kvc©, †j`vi Kvc©, eø¨vK Kvc©, weM‡nW Kvc©, _vB cyuwU, _vB ˆK, wf‡qZbvg ˆK BZ¨vw` Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwiwPZ PvlK…Z we‡`wk gvQ Ges wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii †Mvìwdk, †mvW©-†UBj, gwj, Mvwà, †Mvivwg, mvK©, eve©, dvBUvi, cøvwU BZ¨vw` Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AwZcwiwPZ evnvwi we‡`wk gvQ| D‡jøL¨ †h, we‡`wk evnvwi gv‡Qi †ewki fvMB G †`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q e¨w³ ch©v‡q Ges G msL¨v cÖwZwbqZB evo‡Q| mvaviYZ †`‡ki wecyj RbmsL¨vi cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY Z_v gv‡Qi †gvU Drcv`b evov‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ c„w_exi wewfbœ †`k †_‡K ªæZ ea©bkxj gvQ Avgv‡ì †`‡k wb‡q Avmvi welqwU grm¨weÁvbx‡ì cÖwZwbqZB DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q| Gme Avg`vwb Kiv gv‡Qi K…wÎg cÖRbb I Pvl †KŠkj D™¢ve‡b weÁvbxiv Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| Gi d‡j Db¥y³ Rjvkq †_‡K AvniYK…Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b w`b w`b Kg‡jI PvlK…Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e| PvlK…Z grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×‡Z Gme we‡`wk gvQ bRiKvov f‚wgKv cvj‡b mÿg n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ eb¨vcÖeY G †`‡k Gme gvQ e× Rjvk‡qi g‡a¨ Ave× K‡i ivLvi kZ© c~iY Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| we‡klZ Avwd«Kvb gv¸i, wcivbnv I _vB cv½v‡mi g‡Zv fqsKi ivÿz‡m gvQ Ges bvB‡jvwUKv, †Zjvwcqv, _vB cyuwUi g‡Zv D”PgvÎvi cÖRbb ÿgZvm¤úbœ gvQ GKevi Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i †m welqwU KL‡bv we‡ePbvq †bIqv nqwb| d‡j grm¨ Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ici we‡`wk gv‡Qi cÖfve wb‡q Avgv‡ì †`‡k m~² ch©v‡q †gŠwjK M‡elYv cÖeÜ †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Zey Gme we‡`wk gv‡Qi ÁvZ RxeZË¡ †_‡K aviYv Kiv hvqÑ Giv Ab¨vb¨ gvQ‡K wkKvi K‡i †L‡q, Rjvf‚wgi †fŠZ KvVv‡gv‡Z cwieZ©b G‡b, msµvgK †ivM A_ev Gi RxevYy ev ÿwZKi ciRxexi evnK wn‡m‡e Ges Lvevi I emev‡mi cwimi wb‡q †`kxq gv‡Qi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AeZxY© n‡q Avgv‡ì †`kxq gv‡Qi Ici ÿwZKi cÖfve †dj‡Z mÿg| Avwd«Kvb gv¸i, _vB cv½vm, wcivbnv BZ¨vw` ivÿz‡m gvQ mivmwi Ab¨ gvQ‡K wkKvi K‡i Lvq| Rvcvwb iæB ev Kgb Kv‡c©i PviwU f¨vivBwUB Kg‡ewk Rjvk‡qi Zj‡`‡ki gvwU‡K bvwo‡q w`‡q Gi êwk‡ó¨ cwieZ©b Av‡b I cvwb‡Z cwj KYvi cwigvY evovq| weMZ w`‡b wPswo‡N‡i mv`v-`vM †iv‡Mi Rb¨ `vqx RxevYy (fvBivm) we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv wcGj (wPswoi †cvbv)-Gi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì †`‡k G‡m‡Q e‡j †Rvi Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q| wmjfvi Kvc© I weM‡nW gvQ mivmwi KvZjv gv‡Qi mv‡_ Lvevi I ’vb wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ M‡elYv †_‡K wbwðZ nIqv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q,

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Avgv‡ì †`‡k we‡`wk gvQ ej‡Z †hme gv‡Qi bvg grm¨weÁvbxi mvg‡b cÖ_‡gB Av‡m Zv g~jZ PvlK…Z we‡`wk gvQ| wKš‘ we¯§qKi n‡jI mZ¨, PvlK…Z gv‡Qi msL¨v Avm‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡ki we‡`wk gv‡Qi †gvU msL¨vi 10 kZvs‡ki g‡Zv| A_©vr Avgv‡ì †`‡k we‡`wk evnvwi gv‡Qi cÖRvwZi msL¨v A‡bK †ewk| Gi cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q Av‡iv †ek K‡qK cÖRvwZi wdkvwiR AvB‡Ug| †hgbÑ wewfbœ cÖRvwZ I f¨vivBwUi wPswo, kvgyK, K”Qc GgbwK mvc! Z‡e D‡jøwLZ msL¨v †gv‡UI †Kv‡bv w ’i msL¨v bq eis cÖwZeQiB Av‡Mi Avbv gv‡Qi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq Ges bZzb Avbv gv‡Qi Pvwn`v ev‡o| evRvi Pvwn`vi Kvi‡YB we‡`wk evnvwi gv‡Qi †`vKv‡b cÖwZwbqZ †hvM n‡”Q wbZ¨bZzb cÖRvwZ ev f¨vivBwU| evnvwi gvQ‡cÖgx‡ì evRvigyLx Kivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq G msL¨v w`b w`b evo‡e, GUvB ^vfvweK| Avevi GKwU gv‡Qi bvg wewfbœ †`vKv‡b wewfbœfv‡e ev GKB †`vKv‡b wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœfv‡e D‡jøL Kivi welqwU Avcbv‡K wbwðZfv‡eB weåvšÍ Ki‡e| hvB‡nvK, GLv‡b g~j „wócv‡Zi welqwU n‡”Q, Gme gvQ Avg`vwb cÖwµqvi gv‡S †Kvqv‡i›UvBb eë ’v KZUv Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q ev Av‡`Š Av‡Q wKbv, Zv GK weivU cÖkœ‡evaK wPý| KviY Avgv‡ì g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Gme we‡`wk gv‡Qi wmsnfv‡Mi AbycÖ‡ek N‡U‡Q Ges NU‡Q e¨w³ ch©v‡q ev evnvwi gvQ eëmvqx ch©v‡q| G welqwU †hgb D‡Ø‡Mi †ZgbB Av‡iv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q, Gme gvQ Avgv‡ì Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q Qvov †c‡j Kx ai‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q Avgv‡ì m‡PZbZvi Afve Ges G wel‡q Avg`vwbc~e© M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI bxwZwba©viYx gn‡ji we‡ePbvq Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Kiv KwVb| Z‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡ki eZ©gvb †cÖÿvc‡U Gme evnvwi gv‡Qi AwaKvs‡kiB GKwU fv‡jv w`K n‡”Q, mvaviYZ G‡ì RxebKvj mxwgZ n‡q _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K G‡ì †ewki fvMB K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g Rb¥v‡bv Ges R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB K…wÎg cwi‡e‡k eo nIqvi Kvi‡Y Db¥y³ Rjvk‡qi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I cÖwZK‚jZvq Giv wU‡K _vK‡Z mÿg n‡e bv e‡jB aviYv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Avgiv we‡`wk evnvwi gvQ ÔmvKvi gvD_ K¨vUwdmÕ-Gi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi| gvQwU Kxfv‡e A¨vKzqvwiqvg †_‡K XvKv ’ ¸jkvb †jK n‡q AvR mviv †`‡ki Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q Zv we‡ePbvq †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| wKsev we‡`wk evnvwi gvQ wcivbnv Kxfv‡e A¨vKzqvwiqvg †_‡K Drmvnx n¨vPvwi †UKwbwkqvb‡ì nvZ a‡i gvQPvwl‡ì gva¨‡g AvR mviv †`‡ki Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q ZvI Avgv‡ì fz‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv| ivRkvnx kn‡ii †mvbv`xwN msjMœ iv Ívi cvk¦©eZ©x †W«‡b I XvKvi wewfbœ iv Ívq AwZe„wó‡Z m„wó Rjve×Zvq wewfbœ ai‡bi we‡`wk evnvwi gvQ cÖvwßi Le‡i AvR Avi †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡ †bB| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k Gme gvQ Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q P‡j G‡j Ges wcivbnv I mvKvi gvD_ K¨vUwd‡ki

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Ki‡j GKUv mg‡qi ci Zv gnxiæn n‡q †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i ZvB m‡PZb nIqvi GLbB mgq|

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iKg welv³ M¨vm I Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡”Q w`b w`b| e„ÿivwRi KvRB n‡”Q Rb ^v‡ ’ i Rb¨ ÿwZKi Gme welv³ M¨vm ï‡l †bIqv| wKš‘ MvQMvQvwji msL¨v hw` cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi ^vfvweK †kvlY cÖwµqvI evavMÖ¯Í nq| †m †ÿ‡Î evqy¯Í‡ii fvimvg¨ webvkKvix Gme evowZ M¨vm evqygÐ‡ji IRb¯Í‡i wM‡q fvOb m„wó K‡i| wPšÍvi KviY †mLv‡bB| †h IRb Íi c„w_ex‡K iÿv K‡i, Rxe I cÖvYxKzj‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i, †mB IRb¯Íi ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wech©q †`Lv †`‡e| ZLb c„w_exi wbivcËvi QuvKwb wn‡m‡e Gi KvR wkw_j n‡q co‡e, †f‡O co‡e Zvi myiÿvi eg©| A_©vr m~‡h©i AwZ †e¸wb iwk¥i gviYvNvZ †_‡K c„w_exi Dw™¢ I cÖvYxKzj‡K iÿv Kiv KwVb n‡q co‡e| my`xN©Kvj †_‡K c„w_ex‡Z †h wb‡Uvj cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek wU‡K Av‡Q Zv cy‡iv G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q co‡e| Avi †mB Ae ’v hw` mwZ¨B †`Lv †`q Zvn‡j c„w_exi gvbylB bq, cÖvYx I Dw™¢` RM‡Zi cy‡iv cÖwZ‡iva eë ’v †f‡O co‡e| nu¨v, †mB AbvKvw•ÿZ wech©‡qi w`‡KB Kx Avgiv GwM‡q hvw”Q! IRb¯Íi ÿwZMÖ¯Í nIqvq mviv c„w_exi bMiRxe‡b gvby‡li AKvjg„Zzï NUbv †e‡o hv‡”Q| G ai‡bi wi‡cvU© cÖ_g cÖKvk K‡ib hy³iv‡óªi B‡qj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elKiv| Zviv IB †`‡ki 95wU kn‡i M‡elYv KvR m¤úbœ Kivi ci Rvbvb, hy³iv‡óªi wewfbœ bMix‡Z AKvjg„Zzï msL¨v D‡ØMRbKfv‡e evo‡Q| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq, wecyjmsL¨K hvbevnb, we y¨r‡K› Ö, fvix wkívqb BZ¨vwì Rb¨ IRb Í‡i ~l‡Yi gvÎv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Avi Gi cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e †mLv‡b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q nuvcvwb I dzmdz‡mi †ivM| Av‡gwiKvi †gwW‡Kj A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi mvgwqKx‡Z cÖKvwkZ wi‡cv‡U© ejv nq, ïay 2000 mv‡j wbD Bq‡K© AwZwi³ 319 R‡bi AKvjg„Zz¨ nq Ges 95wU kn‡i IB mgq AwZwi³ Pvi nvRvi gvby‡li AKvjg„Zz¨ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv I PÆMÖvg gnvbMi ywUi Ici Abyiƒcfv‡e we‡klÁ ch©v‡qi M‡elYv Pvjv‡j nq‡Zv wbwðZ nIqv †hZ, G yB bM‡ii evwm›`viv KZUv wec¾bK Ae¯’vq emevm Ki‡Q| ebm¤ú` DRvo nIqvi ÿwZKi GKwU w`K n‡”Q giæKiY cÖwµqvi we¯Ívi| Zvi D`vniY n‡”Q Avwd«Kv gnv‡`k| ebvÂj DRvo Kivi d‡j †mLvbKvi †ek K‡qKwU †`‡ki AvenvIqv I cwi‡ek cv‡ë hvq| Abyiƒc cwieZ©b Avgv‡ì Dcgnv‡`‡kI NU‡Z †`Lv hvq| GLvbKvi AvenvIqvI n‡q D‡V‡Q Amnbxq iK‡gi iæÿ Ges Dò| Avi Zvi weiƒc dj dj‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Liv, `vevbj, eb¨v, So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi †fZi w`‡q| cy‡iv c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ekB n‡q co‡Q wech© Í| yf©vebvi welq n‡”Q, B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvi AvjvgZ †`Lv w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| G cÖm‡½ mv¤úÖwZK N‡U hvIqv cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi K‡qKwU D`vniY †U‡b Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| eQi cuv‡PK Av‡M e‡½vcmvM‡i m„ó jNyPvcwUI wQj †Zgb GKwU jÿY Ges †mB jNyPv‡ci cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi GKwU weivU Ask Pvi w`be¨vcx Aweivg e„wó Ges S‡o G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q c‡o| Avgiv fz‡j hvBwb

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AvBjv I wmW‡ii fqven cÖvY I m¤ú`nvwbi K_v| G iKg eû jNy I wbgœPvc mgy ª DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv¸‡jvq eo ai‡bi wech©q †W‡K Avb‡Z cv‡i| AvBfvb bvgK GK fqvj nvwi‡Kb Øxc‡`k R¨vgvBKv‡K jÐfÐ K‡i 155 gvBj MwZ‡e‡M †d¬vwiWv DcK‚‡j wM‡q AvNvZ nv‡b| Pxb I Rvcvb DcK‚jI G iKg cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM †_‡K gy³ bq| fqven UvBdzb AvNvZ nv‡b †mLv‡bI| Gw`‡K Av‡iv GKwU

cÖvK…wZK gnvwech©‡qi AvMvg Lei DwØMœ K‡i Zzj‡Q GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki †ò kZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K| wek¦e¨vcx evqygÐ‡ji DòZv e„w× cvIqvq gvivZ¥K SzuwKi g‡a¨ G‡m c‡o‡Q c„w_exi m‡e©v”P ce©Zk„½ Gfv‡i÷| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡Wi g‡Zv wMÖbnvDm M¨v‡mi AwZwi³ wgkÖ‡Y wngvjq ce©Zgvjvi my`xN©Kv‡ji AvK…wZ cv‡ë hv‡”Q Ges Zvi jÿY wn‡me wngvj‡qi cvk¦©eZ©x n« ¸‡jv f‡i hv‡”Q AwZwi³ eidMjv cvwb‡Z| G Ae ’v m„wó n‡q‡Q Gfv‡i÷ I wngvj‡qi Ab¨vb¨ k„‡½i wngevn Aweivg Mj‡Z _vKvq| ywðšÍvi KviY wngevn Mjvi cÖeYZv GL‡bv Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G‡Z †MvUv wngvjq AÂjB gnvwech©qKi eb¨vi SzuwKi g‡a¨ G‡m c‡o‡Q| G wb‡q cwi‡ekev`xiv †mv”Pvi n‡q‡Qb| Zviv e‡j‡Qb, RvwZmsN evqy DòZvq wec`MÖ Í wb`k©‡bi †h ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡Z Gfv‡i‡÷i bvg hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Zviv GI e‡j‡Qb, we‡k¦i cÖwZwU iv‡óªiB AvBbZ DwPZ wngvjq I Gfv‡i‡÷i g‡Zv Iqvì© †nwi‡UR‡K iÿv Kiv| g‡b ivLv ìKvi, gvby‡li Awe‡ePbvcÖm~Z Kg©Kv‡Ði †fZi w`‡q cÖK…wZ ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j Zvi weiƒc cÖwZwµqv Gfv‡eB NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| G‡K ejv hvq, cÖK…wZi cÖwZ‡kva| Avgiv Kx Avgv‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ði †fZi w`‡q cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© my›ì GB c„w_ex‡K wecbœ K‡i ZzjwQ bv! nu¨v, Awe‡eP‡Ki g‡Zv Avgiv †`‡ki dzmdzm wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ ebvÂj I Rjvkq¸‡jv wbwðý K‡i P‡jwQ| Avgiv we› ygvÎ †f‡e †`LwQ bv, †h MvQ ev ebvÂj DRvo K‡i P‡jwQ †mB MvQB Avgv‡ì eR© M¨vm Kve©b WvB-A·vBW †kvlY K‡i evZv‡m Aw·‡Rb mieivn K‡i, e„wócvZ evwo‡q †`q, gvwUi ÿq‡iva K‡i Ges Rxe‰ewP‡Îï cÖmvi NUvq| MvQ GZ eo Ges wekvj f‚wgKv cvjb Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi ¸iæZ¡ Ges f‚wgKvi g~j¨vqb Avgiv Kwi bv| ZvB MvQ‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi KvQ †_‡K fv‡jvevmv Avkv Kiv hvq bv| G K_v ^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e, evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv AvR GK wec¾bK cÖK…wZweiæ× cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ emevm KiwQ| G Rb¨ `vqx Avgv‡ì Am‡PZbZv, AcwiYvg`k©x Kg©KvÐ Ges ÿgZvi kxl© ch©v‡q wèv ^‡cœ we‡fvi _vKvi e`f¨vm| G †_‡K wK gyw³i †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB? wbðq Av‡Q, Avi Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K `jxq I †Mvôx ^v‡_©i E‡aŸ© D‡V cwi‡ek iÿvi ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Dw™¢ ‡K cig eÜzi g‡Zv fv‡jvevm‡Z n‡e| eb DRvo bq, wd‡i PvB †mB AiY¨, †h wKbv cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq †i‡L, Rxe‰ewP‡Îï cÖmvi NwU‡q Avgv‡ì fwel¨r cÖR¤§‡K evm‡hvM¨ my›ì c„w_ex Dcnvi †`‡e| †jLK: Kwe I mvsevw`K

g„Zz¨Äq ivq ZvgvK Pvl: †cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`k

ev›ìevb kni †_‡K iægv Dc‡Rjvq hvIqvi c_ aijvg| mv½y b`xi KvQvKvwQ †h‡ZB cvnv‡oi Xv‡j we‡kl K‡i Qov¸‡jvi yB cv‡o, mv½y b`xi we¯ÍxY© cvo a‡i †Kej ZvgvK Avi Zvgv‡Ki †ÿZ †Pv‡L coj| _vbwP †h‡ZI †ZgbB| †deªæqvwi gvm| ZvB wKQy †ÿ‡Zi ZvgvK cvZv Zzj‡Z e¨¯Í K…lKiv| Rvwb, cvnvwo gvbyl‡ì cÖvq mevB a~gcvqx, ZvgvK cvZv †hb Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q fv‡Zi g‡ZvB Acwinvh©| ZvB nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gnj my‡hvM wb‡q w`b w`b evwo‡q P‡j‡Q cve©Z¨ f‚wg‡Z Zvgv‡Ki Avev`| 10-15 eQi Av‡MI †h Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb †ckv wQj Ryg Pvl, 60 kZvs‡kiI †ewk Avwèvmx Ry‡gi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vKZ, Zv‡ì GLb cÖvq 90 kZvsk gvbyl Szu‡K c‡o‡Q ZvgvK Pv‡l| †Kbbv Zvgv‡Ki g‡Zv bM` cÖvwß Ryg Pv‡l †bB| ZvB w`b w`b Ry‡gi Rwg K‡g evo‡Q Zvgv‡Ki Rwg| G‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb cvnvwo Rb‡Mvôxi Lv`¨ wbivcËv ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Q, †Zgwb wecbœ n‡”Q K…wl cwi‡ek I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨| wek¦e¨vcx evo‡Q ZvgvK Pvl: weMZ K‡qK `k‡K we‡k¦ ZvgvK Pvl, Drcv`b I eënvi `ªæZ †e‡o‡Q K‡qK ¸Y| eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi cÖvq 90wU †`‡k evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Zvgv‡Ki Pvl n‡”Q| Gwkqv I I‡kwbqv AÂ‡j GB e„w×i nvi we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji †P‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk| cÂv‡ki `k‡K †hLv‡b wek¦ ZvgvK Drcv`‡bi 30 kZvsk Drcv`b n‡Zv Gme AÂ‡j, weMZ kZvãxi †k‡l Zv †e‡o uvwo‡q‡Q 63 kZvs‡k| †mB evZvm evsjv‡`‡kI †j‡M‡Q| G †`‡k weMZ GK

`k‡K ZvgvK Pv‡li †gvU Rwg D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i bv evo‡jI Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q| Z‡e Zvgv‡Ki AvMÖvmb me‡P‡q †ewk N‡U‡Q cve©Z¨ GjvKvi wZb †Rjvq|

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ev›ìev‡b MZ 1995-96 mv‡j ZvgvK Pvl n‡qwQj gvÎ 27 †n±i Rwg‡Z| †mLv‡b 12 eQi ci ZvgvK Pv‡li Rwg cÖvq 11 ¸Y †e‡o uvwo‡q‡Q 1437 †n±i Rwg‡Z| cve©Z¨ wZb †Rjvi g‡a¨ ZvgvK Pv‡li AvMÖvmbUv ev›ìev‡b me‡P‡q †ewk| Gi cÖavb KviY n‡jv, w`b w`b cvnv‡o gvbyl evo‡Q| mbvZb cÖ_vi Ryg Pv‡li Rwg msKzwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Zv Qvov Ry‡gi Drcv`b †ek Kg| ïay Ry‡gi Ici wbf©i K‡i GLb Avi Rywgqviv euvP‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K ^í RxebKv‡ji ZvgvK Pv‡l Avq Avm‡Q †ewk| bM` UvKv †c‡q Rywgqv I Ab¨ cvnvwoiv Zv‡ì Rxebaviv e`‡j †dj‡Z mÿg n‡”Q| d‡j A‡b‡KB GLb ZvgvK Pv‡li w`‡K Szu‡K co‡Q| ïay cvnvo bq, mgZj GjvKv‡ZI Zvgv‡Ki Pvl †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Kzwóqv, †g‡nicyi, PzqvWv½vmn †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j GLb A‡bK Pvwli cÖavb dmj ZvgvK| Ryg Pvl ebvg ZvgvK Pvl: ev›ìev‡bi _vbwP Dc‡Rjvi ewjcvov MÖv‡g †ek K‡qKwU Avwèvmx †Mvôxi evm| gvigvivB cÖavb| 2000 mv‡ji Av‡MI GB gvigv‡ì kZ fvM †jvK Ryg Pvl KiZ| Zv‡ì cwievi cÖwZ Ryg Pv‡li Mo Rwgi cwigvY wQj 1.5 †n±i| eZ©gv‡b Zv G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q gvÎ 0.6 †n±‡i| ïay Zv-B bq, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 60 kZvsk cwievi GLb Ryg Pvl Ki‡Q| cÖwZ 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 9 RbB GLb ZvgvK Pvl Ki‡Q| †KD †KD GLb cy‡ivcywi Ryg Pvl †Q‡o ZvgvK Pv‡l P‡j G‡m‡Q| nq‡Zv G‡ì mevi wb‡Ri RwgI †bB ZvgvK Pv‡li Rb¨| Zey A‡bï KvQ †_‡K eM©v wb‡q Zviv ZvgvK Pvl Ki‡Q| †mLv‡b cwievicÖwZ GLb cÖvq 1.5 †n±i Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl Ki‡Q| 7 †_‡K 9 eQi Av‡M Zviv G Pvl ïiæ K‡iwQj| Gi †cQ‡b ywU cÖavb KviY n‡jvÑ cÖ_gZ, w`b w`b Ryg †_‡K Avq K‡g Avm‡Q| wØZxqZ, ZvgvK Pv‡l jvf †ewk n‡”Q| wKš‘ AvcvZ „wó‡Z cvnvwo‡ì Kv‡Q GB jvf †ewk g‡b n‡jI AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Ry‡gB Zv‡ì jvf †ewk| †Kbbv Ryg Pv‡l LiP Lye Kg, DcKiY †Zgb jv‡M bv| Ab¨w`‡K ZvgvK Pv‡l DcKiY I kÖwgK LiP Ry‡gi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| GK †n±‡i Ryg Pvl Ki‡Z †hLv‡b Rywgqv‡ì LiP c‡o cÖvq 30 nvRvi UvKv, †mLv‡b †mB cwigvY Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl Ki‡Z LiP c‡o GK jvL 25 nvRvi UvKv| cÿvšÍ‡i, GKB cwigvY Rwg †_‡K h_vµ‡g Ryg Pv‡l Avq nq cÖvq 55 †_‡K 60 nvRvi UvKv Ges ZvgvK Pv‡l Av‡m cÖvq `yB jvL 10 nvRvi UvKv| ZvB wewb‡qv‡Mi Zzjbvq Zvgv‡Ki †P‡q Ry‡gB jvf †ewk| Zv Qvov RygPvl Rywgqv‡ì †`q Lv‡`ï ms ’vb, ZvgvK w`‡”Q †bkvi nvZQvwb, hv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì Kg©ÿgZv‡K Kwg‡q w`‡”Q| ax‡i ax‡i †MvUv cvnvwo GjvKv Av”Qbœ n‡q co‡Q Zvgv‡Ki †jvfbxq †bkvq| kmävivi cwieZ©b, Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ûgwK: ZvgvK Pvl †e‡o hvIqvq cvnvwo‡ì kmäviv I Rxebavivq G‡m‡Q cwieZ©b| 10-15 eQi Av‡MI †hme Ry‡g Zviv

32 iK‡gi dmj Pvl KiZ †mLv‡b GLb Zviv wbZvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq gywó‡gq K‡qKUv dm‡ji Pvl Ki‡Q| †hme Rwg‡Z cÖPzi kvKmewRi Pvl n‡Zv, †mme Rwg‡Z GLb ZvgvK Pvl n‡”Q| d‡j kvKmewRi `vg evo‡Q, cÖvc¨Zv Kg‡Q Ges cvnvwo Rb‡Mvôxi cywó msKU ˆZwi n‡”Q| Av‡M cvnvwo‡ì ej‡Z †M‡j evRvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv LveviB wKb‡Z n‡Zv bv| GLb cÖwZeQi Zv‡ì Av‡qi GKwU eo Ask Lvevi wKb‡Z e¨q Ki‡Z nq| cÖvq 40 kZvsk cvnvwo GLb wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì †Kv‡bv Lv`¨B Drcv`b K‡i bv, m¤ú~Y©B evRv‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i| ZvgvK wewµi UvKv Zv‡ì nv‡Z _v‡K bv| G Ae ’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j cvnvwo‡ì Lv`¨ msKU evo‡e, wecbœ n‡e Rxeb| cvkvcvwk Ryg Pvl K‡g hvIqvq ’vbxq dm‡ji exRI wejyß n‡e| ZvgvK Pvl cwi‡ek I Rxe‰ewP‡Îï ûgwK: 10 eQi Av‡MI kZ fvM Rywgqv Ryg Pv‡li Rb¨ wb‡RivB wb‡R‡ì exR ivLZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b kmävivq cwieZ©b Avmvq Zviv Avi Gi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡Q bv| GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, eZ©gv‡b 92 kZvsk Rywgqv Ryg Pv‡li Rb¨ GLb Avi †K‡bv dm‡ji exR gRy` K‡i iv‡L bv| Ryg Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖvq 60 kZvsk Rywgqv evRvi †_‡K exR †K‡b ev cowk‡ì KvQ †_‡K exR †bq| G‡Z AZx‡Zi †mme Ryg dm‡ji †KŠwj m¤ú` Avi Zv‡ì N‡i _vK‡Q bv| cÖKvivšÍ‡i †`k nviv‡”Q †mme †R‡bwUK wi‡mvm©| Ab¨w`‡K cvnvwo ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì cÖvq mevB AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡i †h, ZvgvK Pvl cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ fv‡jv bq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD jÿ K‡i‡Q, †h Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl Kiv nq †m Rwg Abye©i n‡q c‡o, gvwU‡Z _vKv †Ku‡Pvmn Ab¨vb¨ ÿz ª cÖvYxi msL¨v K‡g hvq, gvwU k³ n‡q hvq Ges Zvgv‡Ki Rwg‡Z cieZ©x mg‡q Ab¨ dmj Avi fv‡jv n‡Z Pvq bv| GgbwK avb Pvl Ki‡jI †mme av‡bi cvK‡Z mgm¨v nq| GLb cve©Z¨ MÖv‡gi A‡bK RvqMvq ZvgvK cvZv wKDwis‡qi Rb¨ wKDwis nvDm ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mme wKDwis N‡i R¡vjv‡bvi Rb¨ wbwe©Pv‡i cvnv‡oi ebm¤ú` KvUv n‡”Q| cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ G welqUvI †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Q| me wgwj‡q GLb fvevi mgq G‡m‡Q ZvgvK Pvl wb‡q| Zvgv‡Ki ivRavbx: ïay cvnvwo GjvKv bq, mgZ‡jI GLb ZvgvK Pvl evo‡Q| GKKv‡j iscyi AÂj wQj Zvgv‡Ki ivRavbx| †mLv‡b g~jZ wewoi ZvgvK Drcv`b n‡Zv| iscy‡ii eywoinv‡U GK mgq Zvgv‡Ki GKUv miKvwi LvgviI wQj, hv GLb †bB| Z‡e K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zvgv‡Ki GK bZzb ivR¨ wn‡m‡e M‡o D‡V‡Q Kzwóqv †Rjv| PjwZ †gŠmy‡g Kzwóqvi wmsnfvM Avevw` Rwg P‡j †M‡Q Zvgv‡Ki `L‡j| av‡bi `vg Kg cvIqvq GLb A‡bK Pvwl ZvgvK Pv‡l Szu‡K c‡o‡Q| MZ eQi Zvgv‡Ki fv‡jv `vg I ZvgvK Pv‡l †Uvev‡Kv K¤úvwb¸‡jvi Avw_©K I DcKiY mnvqZv cvIqvq G eQi MZ eQ‡ii Zzjbvq Zvgv‡Ki Avev`

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†e‡o‡Q| d‡j †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| G eQi Kzwóqv †Rjvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk Zvgv‡Ki Avev` n‡q‡Q †`ŠjZcyi Dc‡Rjvq| G Dc‡Rjvi †ewki fvM †mP w¯‹g¸‡jvq Gevi †ev‡ivi e`‡j Zvgv‡Ki Pvl n‡q‡Q| G Dc‡Rjvi widv‡qZcyi, wew›`cvov, Rq‡fvMv, †evqvwjqv, †MvqvjMÖvg cÖf…wZ MÖv‡g †mP w¯‹g¸‡jvi cÖvq me Rwg‡ZB GLb ZvgvK| Dc‡Rjvi cÖvq 65 kZvsk Avevw` Rwg‡Z Gevi ZvgvK Pvl Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kzwóqv †Rjvi Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡Rjvq †`ŠjZcy‡ii †P‡q Kg ZvgvK Pvl n‡jI †mLv‡bI w`b w`b evo‡Q| Kzwóqv †Rjvq †gvU †h cwigvY Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl nq, Zvi cÖvq A‡a©K Rwg‡Z Pvl nq Zvgv‡Ki| d‡j †ev‡iv Pvl GLb P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡L| K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ß‡ii m~Î g‡Z, Kzwóqv †Rjvi †gvU Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY GK jÿ 15 nvRvi 978 †n±i| Gi g‡a¨ 36 nvRvi 298 †n±i Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv Pv‡li jÿ¨gvÎv aiv n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvgvK Pvl Kiv n‡q‡Q 18 nvRvi 850 †n±i Rwg‡Z| A_©vr Kzwóqv †Rjvq ZvgvKB GLb wØZxq dmj| †ev‡iv avb Qvov G †gŠmy‡g Avi †Kv‡bv dmj GZ †ewk Pvl Kiv nq bv| Z‡e ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jvi wn‡m‡e Kzwóqv †Rjvq cÖvq 44 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl n‡q‡Q| hw` Zv mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j ZvgvKB Kzwóqvi GK b¤î dmj| Kzwóqvi MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m †M‡j cÖvq evwo‡ZB Zvgv‡Ki wKDwis nvDm †Pv‡L c‡o| Kzwóqvi †`ŠjZcyi QvovI mì, wgicyi I †fovgviv Dc‡RjvqI Zvgv‡Ki Pvl †e‡o‡Q| ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì g‡Z, GK weNv Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv avb Pvl Ki‡j †hLv‡b Pv‡li LiP †ZvjvB KóKi †mLv‡b G cwigvY Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl Ki‡j †m Rwgi ZvgvK wewµ K‡i cvIqv hvq cÖvq 40 †_‡K 50 nvRvi UvKv| weNvcÖwZ LiP cÖvq AvU nvRvi UvKv| Zv Qvov ZvgvK Pv‡li Rb¨ exR, mvi, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw` LiP ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jv enb K‡i, UvKvI Zviv AvMvg †`q| dmjI K¤úvwb wK‡b †bq| d‡j Pvwliv ZvgvK Pv‡li w`‡K Szu‡K co‡Q| G Ae ’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j G †Rjvi Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b A‡bK K‡g hv‡e Ges gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ I cwi‡e‡ki Ici `xN©‡gqvw` cÖfve co‡e| nvRvi nvRvi Pvwl ZvgvK wKDwis‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| Zv‡ì ^v ’ I wec`vcbœ| `ye©j wKDwis eë¯’vcbvi Kvi‡Y Anin yN©UbvI NU‡Q| 2013 mv‡jB Kzwóqv, †g‡nicyi I PzqvWv½vq wKDwis Kivi Rb¨ †hme Ni ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b Av¸b R¡vjv‡bvi Kvi‡Y cÖvq 600wU emZevwo Av¸‡b cy‡o †M‡Q| Gi d‡j ÿqÿwZi cwigvY wbiƒwcZ n‡q‡Q cÖvq 300 †KvwU UvKv| cÖwZeQi G †`‡k ïay ZvgvK †meb I ZvgvK Pvl eë ’vcbvi mv‡_ RwoZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y cÖvq 57 nvRvi †jv‡Ki g„Zz¨ NU‡Q| Gme Rxe‡bi g~j¨ KZ UvKv w`‡q †kva Kiv hv‡e? Gme Rwg‡Z ZvgvK Pvl bv n‡j †mLv‡b Mg, †ev‡iv avb, †cuqvR, Avjy, gmjv, gwiP cÖf…wZ dm‡ji Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| kx‡Zi mewRI n‡Zv| GLb †mme Rwg‡Z

ZvgvK Pvl nIqvq Gme dm‡ji Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q| d‡j GLb †ek wKQy cY¨ Avg`vwb evov‡Z n‡”Q| G‡Z ê‡`wkK gy ªv e¨q †ewk n‡”Q I Lv`¨ wbivcËv ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Q| Drcv`b †gŠmyg: evsjv‡`‡k g~jZ Pvi iK‡gi ZvgvK Drcvw`Z nqÑ wmMv‡iU ZvgvK, wewoi ZvgvK, ûu°vi ZvgvK I Pziæ‡Ui ZvgvK| el©vKvj P‡j hvIqvi ciB Zvgv‡Ki Pvl ïiæ nq| AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î gv‡m Zvgv‡Ki Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq, A‡±vei-b‡f¤^‡i †mme Pviv jvMv‡bv nq Ges Rvbyqvwi-†deªæqvwi gv‡m cvZv †Zvjv nq| Gici cvZv †kvab ev wKDwis Kiv nq| cvnv‡o AwaKvsk K…lK mivmwi †iv‡` ïwK‡q ZvgvK cvZv wKDwis K‡i| mgZ‡j we‡kl K‡i Kzwóqv †Rjvq Ni ˆZwi K‡i Zvi †fZ‡i Av¸b †R¡‡j Zvc cÖevn K‡i cvZv wKDwis Kiv nq| †KD †KD evZv‡mI wKDwis K‡i| Gici †mme cvZv †MÖwWs I MvBU †eu‡a wewµi Rb¨ cvVvq| ZvgvK Pv‡li †bc‡_¨: ZvgvK Pv‡li †bc‡_¨ i‡q‡Q eo wKQy ZvgvK K¤úvwb, hviv wmMv‡iU I wewo ˆZwii Rb¨ ZvgvK eënvi K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k e„wUk Av‡gwiKvb †Uvev‡Kv K¤úvwb wjwg‡UW me‡P‡q eo ZvgvK K¤úvwb| 2008 mv‡j †emiKvwi ms ’v Ôwb‡Riv KwiÕ GK M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i| Zv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, †gvU ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì cÖvq 72 kZvskB e„wUk Av‡gwiKvb †Uvev‡Kv K¤úvwb wjwg‡U‡Wi Pzw³e× KvW©avix Pvwl| Gici i‡q‡Q AvwKR I Ab¨vb¨ K¤úvwb| Gme K¤úvwb Pzw³e× Pvwl‡ì gva¨‡g G †`‡k ZvgvK Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| Zviv eû eQi a‡i G †`‡k Pzw³e× Pvwl‡ì gva¨‡g ZvgvK Drcv`b K‡i Avm‡Q| ZvgvK Pvl‡K wbiærmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ †hLv‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vsK ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì †Kv‡bv FY †`q bv, †mLv‡b K¤úvwb¸‡jv Pvwl‡ì Rb¨ FY‡K myjf K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Pzw³ Abyhvqx Zviv ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì DcKiY ev bM` UvKvq FY †`q| mvaviYZ ZvgvK Pvwliv ZvgvK Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq exR, mvi, KxUbvkK I KvwiMwi mnvqZv K¤úvwb¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K cvq| Pzw³ Abyhvqx mswkøó K¤úvwbi Kv‡Q Zviv wba©vwiZ g~‡j¨ ZvgvK wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨| Gme Pvwl mvaviYZ Mwie, ÿz ª I cÖvwšÍK †kÖYxi| ZvB Zviv wb‡Riv Drcv`‡b fv‡jvfv‡e †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| K¤úvwbi Gme mnvqZv Zviv Avb‡›ì mv‡_ jy‡d †bq| Zv Qvov ZvgvK Pv‡l Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv dm‡ji †P‡q AšÍZ 10 ¸Y jvf Av‡m, wewµi Sv‡gjv †bB, SzuwK Kg, hZœI Kg Ki‡Z nq| Gme bvbvwea myweavi Kvi‡Y 1971 mv‡ji ci †_‡KB G †`‡k ax‡i ax‡i ZvgvK Pvl m¤úªmvwiZ n‡”Q| Av‡M ZvgvK Pvl †Kej mgZ‡j mxgve× _vK‡jI GLb Zv cvnvo‡KI MÖvm K‡i‡Q| cwievicÖwZ Mo ZvgvK Pv‡li Rwgi cwigvY mgZ‡ji †P‡q cvnvwo‡ì †ewk| SzuwKi gy‡L ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì ¯^v¯’¨: ZvgvK Pvl K‡i Pvwliv AvcvZ jvf †c‡jI g~jZ ZvivB †ewk ÿwZMÖ Í n‡”Q| Zv‡ì GB ÿwZ Zviv mivmwi †`‡L bv ev eyS‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j ZvgvK Pvl †_‡K m‡i Avm‡Q bv| wb‡Riv Kwii M‡elYvq

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†`Lv †M‡Q, GKRb ZvgvK Pvwli Mo Avqy gvÎ 55 eQi, hv GKRb A-ZvgvKPvwli (Ab¨ dmj Pvwl) Mo Avqyi †P‡q 11 eQi Kg| ZvgvK Pvwliv ZvgvK Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì g‡a¨ a~gcvb I cvZv †me‡bi cÖeYZvI evo‡Q| G cÖwµqvi mv‡_ RwoZ _vKvi mgq Zviv bvbvfv‡e Zvgv‡Ki weiƒc cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ I AvµvšÍ nq| †bkvi welqUv †Zv Av‡QB| Gi d‡j ¯^vfvweK Kg©ÿgZv I eyw× †jvc cv‡”Q| G Qvov Zv‡ì †`‡n K¨vÝvi, k¦vmKó, hÿv, nƒ`‡ivM cÖf…wZ evo‡Q| A_P Zv‡ì Gme †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv myweav cvIqvi g‡Zv †Zgb †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jvI Rv‡b Gme ÿwZi K_v| ZvB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv K¤úvwb ZvgvK Pvwl I kÖwgK‡ì ^v¯’¨‡mev †Ìqvi eë¯’v Pvjy K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ †gvU ZvgvK Pvwl I kÖwgK‡ì gvÎ 9 kZvsk †m myweav †c‡q _v‡K, evwK‡ì fvM¨ ARvbv| KiYxq Kx: GB gyn~‡Z© ejv KwVb| Ae ’vi †kl †Kv_vq Avi G †`‡ki K…lK‡ì fv‡M¨ †kl ch©šÍ Kx Av‡Q| †Kbbv ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jv cÖwZeQi miKvi‡K wecyj cwigvY Ki w`‡”Q| ZvB miKviI Zv‡ì ZvgvK Pv‡l wbwl× Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q ïay ej‡Z cvi‡Q Ôa~gcvb ^v‡ ’ i Rb¨ ÿwZKiÕ| G‡Z hw` †bkvKvix‡ì †bkv Kv‡U †Zv ZvgvK Pvl eÜ n‡e| wKš‘ ev Í‡e Zv KZUzKz m¤¢e, Zv mevB Rv‡bb| G Ae ’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j G †`‡k GKw`b Lv`¨ msKU †`Lv †`‡e| miKvi †h cwigvY Ki ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K cv‡”Q Zvi K‡qK ¸Y UvKv LiP K‡iI G †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ Lv`¨ Avg`vwb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| ZvgvK Pv‡l Af¨¯Í Pvwliv †h ¯^v¯’¨ wech©‡q co‡Q Zv Kxfv‡e †VKv‡bv hv‡e? ^v ’¨‡mev Lv‡Z nq‡Zv G Rb¨ miKv‡ii e¨q I myweav evov‡Z n‡e| Gi †P‡qI eo ÿwZ ZvgvK wKDwis‡qi Rb¨ eb aŸsm I cwi‡e‡ki ’vqx ÿwZ| G ÿwZ mn‡R c~iY nIqvi bq| G Rb¨ ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jvI myPZzifv‡e MvQ jvMv‡bvi Kg©m~wP wb‡q miKvi‡K Avk¦ Í (bvwK weåvšÍ?) Ki‡Z PvB‡Q| ^fveZB K…lKiv †hme dmj Pvl K‡i †ewk jvf cv‡e Zviv ZvB Pvl Ki‡e| ZvB miKvi‡K AvBb K‡i AÂj fvM K‡i fZz©wK w`‡q n‡jI G †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËvi ^v‡_© K…lK‡ì ZvgvK wfbœ Ab¨ dmj Pv‡l DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e, †mme c‡Yï g~j¨ wba©viYc~e©K K…wl evRvi eë ’vcbv‡ZI AwaK bRi w`‡Z n‡e| ìKvi n‡j ZvgvK K¤úvwb¸‡jvi g‡Zv G †`‡k wewfbœ Lv`¨km¨ K¤úvwb m„wó K‡i Zv‡ì gva¨‡g ZvgvK Pvwl‡ì g‡Zv Pzw³wfwË‡Z mKj mnvqZv wbwðZ K‡i jvfRbK dmj Drcv`b, wecYb I idZvwb‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †jLK: cÖK…wZ I K…wlwelqK †jLK

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êix Rjevqy I AvMvgxi Lv`¨ wbivcËv Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Ki‡Y †`‡k dmj, cï, nuvm-gyiwM I gvQ Drcv`b e¨vnZ nIqvq Lv`¨ msKU evo‡Q| †`‡k 1.41% nv‡i RbmsL¨v e„w×, 1% nv‡i Avevw` Rwg n«vm Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv K…wli Rb¨ weivU P¨v‡jÄ| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb I cÖvK…wZK êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k c„w_exi Ab¨Zg cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMcÖeY †`k| †`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U G †`‡k K…wl me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A_P ÿwZMÖ¯Í I SzuwKc~Y© †m±i| cÖwZeQi ZvcgvÎv, Av`ª©Zv I e„wócvZ, m~h©v‡jv‡Ki gvÎvi cwieZ©b nIqvq So, e„wó, mvB‡K¬vb, R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v, Livmn wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMI Nb Nb n‡”Q| d‡j dmj, cïcvwL I gvQ bZzb AvenvIqvi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q wMÖbnvDm M¨vm I Ab¨vb¨ cwi‡ek ~lY| Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤ú~Y© †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI wewfbœ cÖhyw³ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i cwiewZ©Z Rjevqy‡Z Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi jÿY: IPCC mgxÿv wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡QÑ (1) evsjv‡`‡k Mo evwl©K ZvcgvÎv MZ 14 eQ‡i †g gv‡m 1 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Ges b‡f¤^‡i 0.5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm e„w× †c‡q‡Q| (2) gvwUi jeYv³Zv AvU jvL 30 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z e„w× †c‡q‡Q| (3) Mo e„wócvZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q Ges eb¨v n‡q‡Q cici 2002, 2003, 2004 I 2007 mv‡j| (4) e‡½vcmvM‡i N~wY©S‡oi msL¨v †e‡o‡Q|

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(5) MÖx®§Kv‡j mgy‡`ªi †jvbvcvwb †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i b`x¸‡jv‡Z cÖvq 100 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©šÍ cÖ‡ek K‡iQ| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Av‡iv jÿY¸‡jv n‡jvÑ el©vq e„wó Kg nIqv, Amg‡q cÖPzi e„wó, kxZ wej‡¤^ ïiæ I †kl, kx‡Zi cÖ‡Kvc Kg, kxZKv‡ji ˆ`N© n«vm, Nb Kzqvkv, ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvIqv, AvMvg eb¨v nIqv, f¨vcmv Mig cov, Zvc`vn, ˆkZ¨ cÖevn, AbvKvw•ÿZ Mig, kx‡Z e„wócvZ, eb¨v `xN© ’vqx nIqv, b`x‡Z bve¨Zv n«vm BZ¨vw`| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki 2001 m‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡q eid M‡j hvIqvq e‡½vcmvM‡ii D”PZv eQ‡i wZb wgwjwgUvi nv‡i e„w× cv‡”Q| mgy ªc„‡ôi GK wgUvi D”PZv e„w×‡Z †`‡ki `wÿYvÂ‡ji wekvj Ask cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e, hv evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi 15.8%| G‡Z 22889 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi K…wlRwg Zwj‡q hv‡e| av‡bi Drcv`b Kg‡e cÖvq 30%| my›ìeb wejxb n‡q hv‡e| 2030 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi Ae ’v n‡e− MigKv‡j ZvcgvÎv 0.7 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm evo‡e Ges kxZKv‡j 1.3 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Kg‡e, MigKv‡j e„wócvZ evo‡e 11%, wKš‘ kxZKv‡j Kg‡e 3%, MigKv‡j ev®úxfeb evo‡e 15.8% Ges kxZKv‡j evo‡e 0.9%| ÿwZKi cÖfve: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b K…wl‡Z ÿwZKi cÖfve co‡Q, hv fwel¨‡Z gvivZ¥K wech©‡qi m„wó n‡e| ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv`Mg, Mv‡Qi ˆ`wnK e„w×, civMvqY, dzj aiv, dj aiv I dmj cwicK¡ nIqv ch©šÍ cÖwZwU ch©vq myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡Z mywbw ©ó ZvcgvÎv, Av ª©Zv, evqycÖevn, e„wócvZ I m~h©v‡jvK cÖ‡qvRb| Gi †ni‡di n‡j dmj Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq| Rjevqyi G Dcv`vb¸‡jvi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q wKš‘ exR ecb I Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgq cwieZ©b m¤¢e nqwb| K…wl †gŠmy‡gi m‡½ dmj Pvlvev` Lvc LvIqv‡bv hv‡”Q bv| D`vniY¯îƒc, M‡gi ecbKvj 15 †_‡K 30 b‡f¤î| exR A¼z‡iv`M‡gi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx ZvcgvÎv n‡jv 15 †_‡K 20 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Ges civMvq‡Yi Rb¨ 30 wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡mi wb‡P| Gi Kg‡ewk n‡j M‡gi Drcv`b K‡g hvq| cwicK¡ ch©v‡q Av ª©Zv I Kzqvkv †ewk _vK‡j eø vK c‡q›U †ivM nq| Rjevqyi Gme cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y M‡gi Avev‡ì cwigvY 1998-99 mv‡j 8.82 jvL †n±i †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 2007-08 mv‡j K‡g 3.70 jvL †n±i n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K AwaKZi Zvc mnbkxj dmj fzÆvi Avev` GKB mg‡q 0.18 jvL †n±i †_‡K †e‡o 3.82 jvL †n±i n‡q‡Q| †Qvjv, gmyi, gyMmn wewfbœ Wv‡j civMvq‡Yi mgq m¤cÖwZ ZvcgvÎv, Av`ª©Zv I Kzqvkv †ewk _v‡K e‡j djb Kg nq| G Rb¨ Gme dmj K…lKiv Pvl Kiv †Q‡o w`‡”Q| †ev‡iv av‡bi dzj Avmv ch©v‡q ZvcgvÎv 35 wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡mi †ewk _vK‡j av‡b wPUv nq| `vbv MV‡bi mgq AvKvk †gNv”Qbœ _vK‡j djb Kg nq| Avgb av‡b w`‡bi ˆ`N© 12 NÈvi Kg n‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎv 25 wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡mi Kg n‡j Avgb av‡bi

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g‡a¨B †Pv‡L c‡o GKvwaK †gvevBj †dvb UvIqvi| Avi kni, we‡kl K‡i ivRavbxi Ae ’v Av‡iv fqven| GLvbKvi †Kv‡bv myD”P fe‡bi Qv‡` DV‡j †`Lv hvq Qv‡` Qv‡` ïay †gvevBj †dvb UvIqvi| we‡klÁiv e‡j‡Qb, †hLv‡b hZ †ewkmsL¨K †mj‡dvb UvIqvi i‡q‡Q †mme ¯’v‡b B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qk‡bi gvÎv ZZ †ewk| kn‡i Ggwb‡ZB KjKviLvbvi msL¨v †ewk| Zv †_‡K cÖwZwbqZ Qov‡”Q Kve©bmn ÿwZKi bvbv M¨vm| hÎZÎ †gvevBj UvIqvi †h KZ ai‡bi mgm¨v evov‡”Q, Zv ejv KwVb| XvKvq †mj UvIqv‡ii NbZ¡ GZ †ewk †e‡o‡Q †h, Zv †`L‡j g‡b nq GwU UvIqv‡iiB ivRavbx| GgZve¯’vq †gvevBj †hvMv‡hvM Ae¨vnZ ivLvi †ÿ‡Î UvIqv‡ii weKí eënvi Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb we‡klÁiv| hw` wR‡Ám Kiv nq XvKv kn‡i †gvevBj UvIqv‡ii msL¨v KZ? Rvbv †M‡Q, Gi †Kv‡bv cwimsL¨vb †bB| fwel¨‡Z XvKvq Avi KZ UvIqvi emv‡bv n‡e, Kxfv‡e †m¸‡jv emv‡bv n‡e? Gi DËi n‡Z cv‡i G-msµvšÍ †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjvB †bB| †mvRvmvcUv K_v n‡jv, ivRavbxmn eo eo kn‡i GL‡bv Pj‡Q †gvevBj UvIqvi emv‡bvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| wKš‘ bMi cwiKíbvweìv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Gme UvIqviB n‡Z cv‡i gvbylmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi wec‡ì KviY| bMi cwiKíbvweìv e‡j‡Qb, feb wbg©v‡Yi Av‡M cÖ‡KŠkjxiv febwUi bKkv ev ÷ªvKPvivj wWRvBb K‡ib febwUi fi ev †jvW wnmve K‡i| Av‡MB wba©viY n‡q hvq fe‡bi aviY ÿgZv| emevm I M„n ’vwji Ab¨vb¨ Avmevec‡Îi fvi en‡bi ci Ab¨ fvi en‡bi ÿgZv _vKvi K_v bq febwU‡Z| Gi Ici †ewk IRb ev fv‡ii †gvevBj UvIqvi Qv‡ì Ici emv‡bv n‡j UvIqv‡ii fv‡i †h‡Kv‡bv mgq ÿwZMÖ Í n‡Z cv‡i feb| hÎZÎ †mj UvIqvi evwo‡q †`q f‚wgK‡¤úi SzuwKI| A‡bK mgq G UvIqv‡i †`Lv †`q ê y¨wZK ÎæwU| Zv‡Z Av¸b jvMviI Avk¼v _v‡K| MZ K‡qK eQ‡i XvKvq Aí gvÎvi †ek K‡qKwU f‚wgK¤ú n‡q‡Q| Ggwb‡ZB XvKv GKwU f‚wgK¤úcÖeY kni| Gw`‡K f‚wgK¤ú we‡klÁiv †ewk gvÎvi f‚wgK¤ú Avk¼v Ki‡Qb| †ewk cyi‡bv ev SzuwKc~Y© fe‡bi Qv‡` †gvevBj UvIqvi emv‡bv gv‡b G-msµvšÍ wec` †W‡K Avbv| A_©vr †gvevBj UvIqvi cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v QvovI Ab¨vb¨ SzuwK evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| XvKvi me ’vcbv wbg©v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †h‡nZz ivRD‡Ki Aby‡gv`b jv‡M †Zgwb fe‡bi Qv‡` †gvevBj UvIqvi emv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î ivRD‡Ki Aby‡gv`‡bi wbqg _vKv DwPZ| we‡klÁiv e‡j‡Qb, †gvevBj UvIqvi QvovI mevB‡K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvIZvq Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| G e¨vcvi A‡÷ªwjqvi wd¬bWvm© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elK W. cj MvW©bvi w÷‡db ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb ÔwWw÷ªweD‡UW bv¤^vwis AvwK©‡UKPviÕ ev wWGbG bv‡g GKwU mdUIq¨vi| Zv AbymiY Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb weÁvbxiv| Rvbv †M‡Q, GB mdUIq¨vi eënvi Kiv n‡j †gvevB‡ji Rb¨ UvIqvi †Kv‡bv Riæwi welq n‡e bv|

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hZÿY K_v ejv n‡e ZZÿY mvgwqK †bUIqvK© ˆZwi n‡e `ywU †gvevBj †dv‡bi g‡a¨| Zv Qvov †gvevBj †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq m¨v‡UjvBU eënv‡ii gva¨‡gI| Gme AvaywbK cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv †M‡j UvIqvi wbg©vY Ges G-msµvšÍ SzuwK †_‡K gy³ ev ~‡i _vKv hv‡e| †gvevBj UvIqv‡ii GK ¯‹qvi wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ Qovq 1900 GgGBP‡RW gvB‡µvI‡qf| G †_‡K wbM©Z nq B‡jK‡Uªv †¯§vM| Gme Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq cvwL I †gŠgvwQiv Iovi †ÿ‡Î cvq fzj wb‡ ©kbv ev wmMb¨vj| Gi B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb ev BGgAvi cvwL, †gŠgvwQ Ges KxUcZ‡½i ^vfvweK Rxeb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î e¨vcK evav m„wó K‡i| Gme wbqš¿‡Y cwi‡ek

msµvšÍ gš¿Yvjq¸‡jv‡K GwM‡q Avmv Riæwi| XvKvi evZv‡m ïay D”PgvÎvi B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝB bq eis Ab¨vb¨ ÿwZKi M¨v‡mi gvÎvI ^vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q| me wgwj‡q µ‡gB wewl‡q †djv n‡”Q cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek| cÖvq cuvP eQi Av‡M XvKvi cÖwZ NbwgUvi evZv‡m mvjdvi WvB-A·vB‡Wi gvÎv wQj M‡o cÖvq 340 gvB‡µvMÖvg| Gi GK eQi ci Zv †e‡o uvovq cÖvq 429 gvB‡µvMÖv‡g| 2010 mv‡j evZv‡m Gi cwigvY wQj cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i cÖvq 539 gvB‡µvMÖvg| Avi GLb Zv †e‡o uvwo‡q‡Q cÖvq 650 gvB‡µvMÖv‡g| we‡klÁiv e‡j‡Qb, Gi gvÎv Kgvi jÿY †Zv

†`Lv hv‡”Q bv eis Av‡iv evovi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| cÖvq cuvP eQi Av‡M XvKvi cÖwZ NbwgUvi evZv‡m bvB‡Uªv‡Rb WvB-A·vB‡Wi nvi wQj cÖvq 220 gvB‡µvMÖvg| 2009 mv‡j Zv e„w× †c‡q nq cÖvq 272 gvB‡µvMÖvg| 2010 mv‡j cÖvq 298 gvB‡µvMÖvg| Avi GLb Zv Av‡iv †e‡o nq cÖvq 448 gvB‡µvMÖvg| Gw`‡K GKB nv‡i evo‡Q Kve©b g‡bv·vB‡Wi nviI| wkí GjvKvq Gi cÖwZ NÈvq mnbxq gvÎv M‡o cÖvq cuvP nvRvi gvB‡µvMÖvg, AvevwmK GjvKvq yB nvRvi Ges ¯úk©KvZi GjvKvi Rb¨ GK nvRvi gvB‡µvMÖvg| A_P 2008 mv‡j XvKvi evZv‡m Gi Mo gvÎv wQj cÖvq cuvP nvRvi 115 gvB‡µvMÖvg, 2011 mv‡j wQj cÖvq Qq nvRvi 122 gvB‡µvMÖvg| Avi GLb Zv †e‡o n‡q‡Q cÖvq mvZ nvRvi gvB‡µvMÖvg| f‚c„‡ôi cÖvq 15 wK‡jvwgUvi Ic‡i ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i cÖ‡qvRb I‡Rvb M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZ| wKš‘ Uª‡dvwùqv‡i f‚c„‡ôi k~b¨ †_‡K cÖvq 16 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ I‡Rv‡bi Dcw ’wZ ixwZg‡Zv ÿwZKi| wKš‘ XvKvi evZv‡mI cvIqv †M‡Q gvÎvwZwi³ I‡Rvb M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZ| Gi mnbxq gvÎv cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i 75 †_‡K 80 gvB‡µvMÖvg| cÖvq cuvP eQi M‡elYv K‡i weÁvbxiv †`‡L‡Qb, 2008 mv‡j I‡Rv‡bi cwigvY wQj mnbxq gvÎvi †P‡q Kg ev wb‡P| IB eQi cÖwZ NbwgUvi evZv‡m I‡Rvb wQj cÖvq 72 gvB‡µvMÖvg| A_P 2012 mv‡j cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i Gi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q uvovq M‡o cÖvq 120 gvB‡µvMÖvg| 2009 -010 mv‡j Gi

gvÎv wQj h_vµ‡g cÖvq 105 gvB‡µvMÖvg Ges 115 gvB‡µvMÖvg cÖvq| XvKvi evZv‡m ÿwZKi M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZ †e‡o hvIqv m¤ú‡K© cwi‡ek weÁvbxiv e‡jb, ÿwZKi M¨vm e„w× cvIqvi †cQ‡b †h me Drm i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv µ‡gB evo‡Q| wdU‡bmwenxb hvbevnb PjvPj †hgb evo‡Q †Zgwb evo‡Q †gvevBj †dvb UvIqv‡ii msL¨v| me wgwj‡q †MvUv cwi‡ek‡K hvicibvB wewl‡q hv‡”Q| Avi G ai‡bi cwi‡e‡k gvbylmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx, Dw™¢ BZ¨vwì ^vfvweKfv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi K_v bq| Gm‡ei Pv‡c bvbv †ivMe¨vwai SzuwK µ‡gB evo‡Q, hv Kgvi †Kv‡bv jÿY †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| evZv‡m Qwo‡q co‡Q Kve©b g‡bv·vBWI| BU‡Lvjvq †cvov‡bv n‡”Q AbybœZgv‡bi Kqjv| evZv‡m welv³ bvbv ÿwZKi M¨v‡mi AwZgvÎvq Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y evo‡Q k¦vmZš¿, dzmdzm, Z¡‡Ki K¨vbmvi, i‡³i wn‡gv‡Møvweb K‡g hvIqvmn bvbv ai‡bi †ivM| welv³ M¨v‡mi cÖfv‡e n‡”Q GwmW e„wó, hv dzj I d‡ji †iYy, gv‡Qi wWg I †cvbvi Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ÿwZKi| Gw`‡K †gvevBj UvIqvi †_‡K wbM©Z D”PgvÎvi B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝi Kvi‡Y †eªb K¨vbmvi QvovI ÿwZi Avk¼v _v‡K kix‡ii wewfbœ †Kv‡li| Ggb wK ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i cyiæ‡li cÖRbbZ‡š¿iI| wPwKrmv weÁvbxiv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, †hme nƒ`‡ivMxi kix‡i †cm‡gKvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wWfvBm emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì †ÿ‡ÎI ÿwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i GB B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ| Gi cÖfv‡e wVKg‡Zv KvR bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i Gme wWfvBm| IqvBì jvBd Uªv÷ Ae evsjv‡`k ev WvweøDwUwei Z_¨vbyhvqx, evsjv‡`‡k i‡q‡Q cÖvq 903 cÖRvwZi eb¨cÖvYx| Gi g‡a¨ DfPi cÖvq 34wU, mixm„c cÖvq 126wU, Íb¨cÖvYx 113wU Ges cvwL cÖRvwZ i‡q‡Q cÖvq 650wU| wKš‘ D‡Ø‡Mi welq n‡jv,

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†_‡K cvwLi Qvbv Rb¥`v‡bi ÿgZvI K‡g hv‡”Q A‡bK cvwLi| A‡bK mgq ev”Pv dzU‡jI Zv †ewk w`b †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| cvwLi Ici Gme †bwZevPK cÖfve †`‡L weÁvbxiv ixwZg‡Zv ywðšÍvq c‡o †M‡Qb| ïay evsjv‡`‡kB bq, eb¨cÖvYx Ae¨vnZfv‡e wejywßi NUbv NU‡Q DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡ZI| †gvevBj †dvb cÖhyw³‡Z A‡bK †ewk GwM‡q‡Q Pxb| ZvB †`kwU‡Z BGgAv‡ii SzuwKI µ‡gB evo‡Q| G wb‡qI D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Pxb miKvi| ïay †gvevBj †dvb UvIqvi bq eis cÖvq GKB ai‡bi cwi‡ek I ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v evovq †gvevBj †dvb‡mUI| Gi e¨vUvwi †_‡KI Qovq BGgAvi| A‡bK mgq bó e¨vUvwi hÎZÎ †dj‡jI Zv †_‡K ªæZ Qovq BGgAvi| cïcvwLi Afqvi‡Y¨ A‡bK mgq Gme c‡o _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© G wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq ZrciZv †bB eb Kg©KZ©v‡ì| G wel‡q miKv‡ii bRi`vwi Av‡iv evov‡bv DwPZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib we‡klÁiv| Gme wRwbm gvwU‡Z c‡o _vK‡j Zv †_‡KI ~wlZ nq gvwU| A_©vr Gi †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Q gvwUi ¯^vfvweK ¸‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎI| fwel¨‡Z Pvlvev` ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Z cv‡i gvwU‡Z ˆRe Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZi Kvi‡Y| gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ iÿvq GLbB D‡`¨vM bv wb‡j Gi Kzdj †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e fwel¨r cÖRb¥‡KÑ GgbwU Avk¼v Ki‡Qb we‡klÁiv| Rvbv †M‡Q, †`‡ki cÖvq 83 jvL †n±i Avevw` Rwgi g‡a¨ cÖvq 35 jvL †n±i Rwgi cywógvb LyeB Lvivc| we‡klÁiv Rvbvb, gvwU‡Z ˆRe Dcv`v‡bi †hgb NvUwZ i‡q‡Q †Zgwb evo‡Q A¤øZ¡| Gi d‡j evo‡Q cywó NvUwZ| e¨vcK NvUwZ i‡q‡Q cUvwkqvg, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg, wRsK, mvjdvi, gwje‡Wbvg, †evib cÖf…wZi| Gme Kvi‡Y evo‡Q ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki cÖ‡qvM| Gi wbwe©Pv‡i cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j Rwgi gvwUiI ¸Yv¸Y bó n‡”Q| Gme wel‡q K…lK‡ìI †Zgb fv‡jv aviYv †bB| G e¨vcv‡i GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e K…wl wefvM‡K| RyIjwRK¨vj †mvmvBwU Ae jÛb Rvwb‡q‡Q, 1970 mvj †_‡K c„w_ex †_‡K wejyß n‡q †M‡Q GK-Z…Zxqvsk cÖvYx| we‡kl K‡i †gvevBj †dv‡bi hyM ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡K G-msµvšÍ cÖfve GKUz †ewkB co‡Q| Gme †ÿ‡Î ¯^vfvweKZv wd‡i bv Avm‡j we‡k¦ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i eo ai‡bi wech©q| c„w_ex‡K emevm‡hvM¨ ivL‡Z n‡j fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv me‡P‡q Riæwi welq| gvbem„ó †h Kg©KvÐ¸‡jv cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ bó Ki‡Q, G wel‡q D`vmxb n‡j Pj‡e bv| Avgv‡ì DbœZ cÖhyw³i ìKvi Av‡Q, Z‡e Zv wb‡R‡ì Aw ÍZ¡‡K wecbœ K‡i bq| †jLK: m`m¨, evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek Av‡›`vjb (evcv)

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Rjvav‡i kÖg w`‡q gvQ a‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †R‡j‡ì Rxeb Pj‡Q †mB Avw`Kvj †_‡K| G †`‡ki emwZi eskai wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì cÖ_g cwiPq we ÍxY© Rjivwk‡Z grm¨ wkKvwi wn‡m‡e| mnRfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, Avgiv GK mgq mevB wQjvg †R‡j A_©vr Rvj I R‡ji Ic‡i wbf©ikxj| hw` Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v ewj, Z‡e Avgv‡ì kvixwiK MVb, e„w× Ges Rxebavi‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b i‡q‡Q GB Rjvav‡ii we‡kl Ae`vb| Avwg‡li mnR cÖvwßi wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡i ïayB R‡j Drcvw`Z gvQ Ges grm¨RvZ Lv`¨| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q R‡ji grm¨m¤ú`| †`‡k DcvwR©Z ê‡`wkK gy ªv †RvMv‡bi Ab¨Zg wbqvgK n‡jv gvQ| R‡ji GB gvQ Pv‡l Drcv`b, wecYb, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, Avg`vwb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZwU Kv‡R gvby‡li †h Dcw ’wZ Zv‡Z Av‡qi mv‡_ Kv‡Ri ms ’vb n‡q Avm‡Q| †h Kvi‡Y Av_©mvgvwRK Kv‡R AMÖmi n‡”Q Avgv‡ì AbMÖmi †kÖYxi gvbylRb, we‡kl K‡i gwnjviv| Zv‡ì mÿgZv ˆZwi‡Z Rjvavi Ges Zvi Drcv`b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| hy‡Mi AvaywbK mg‡q weÁv‡bi RqhvÎvq we y¨r| GB we y¨r Drcv`‡b wbf©ikxj Dcv`vb GLb Rj| †h Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB Rjvav‡ii Rj w`‡q KY©dzjx‡Z ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Rjwe y¨r †K› Ö| cvk¦©eZ©x †`k fviZ I †bcvj Avgv‡ì b`xi R‡ji DrmgyL eënvi K‡i ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Rjwe y¨r †K›`Ö| myZivs Rjvavi Ges Zvi Rj Avgv‡ì Av_©mvgvwRK I Rxe‡bi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e wg‡k †M‡Q Aw Í‡Z¡i mv‡_| me‡P‡q eo K_v, Rjvavi cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i Pj‡Q| †gN, e„wó, So I cÖvK…wZK wech©‡q Rjvavi Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi DcKvix eÜz| Rjvav‡ii GK †duvUv R‡ji Afv‡e Rx‡ei Rxeb Ges Zvi esk msiÿY SzuwKc~Y©| ïay giægqZvi Kvi‡Y Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ nvwi‡qwQ A‡bK cÖRvwZi Dw™¢` I cÖvYx| cÖK…wZi wimvBwK¬s cÖwµqv evavcÖvß nIqvi Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZ AvR Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b Mfxi k¼vgq| RbmsL¨v evo‡Q| Rwg Kg‡Q| GB Rwgi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì RjvaviI| cÖwZeQi †gvU RbmsL¨vi mv‡_ bZzb K‡i †hvM n‡”Q bZzb gyL| evo‡Q Pvwn`v| N‡ii Pvwn`v, †`vKvbcvU, KjKviLvbv, we`¨vjq, ^v ’ ‡mev †K› Ö, ag©xq Dcvmbvj‡qi Pvwn`vMZ Kvi‡Y nviv‡Z n‡”Q Rwg| G Qvov cwi‡ekMZ cÖfv‡e Lye `ªæZ Avgv‡ì êwk¦K AvenvIqv cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| hvi †XD †j‡M‡Q Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡hvMx Lv‡Zi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki K…wli GB Rj I RjR Lv‡Z| †h cÖfv‡e cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q gvbylmn mKj Rx‡ei Rxe‡b| Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvR‡b MwZkxj Drcv`b, K…wl Lv‡Zi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cy‡ivcywi †mPwbf©iZv Ges

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cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqvi nvZ †_‡K wek¦‡K euvPv‡bvi ZvwM` wb‡q c„w_exi †bZ…e„›` GK n‡qI inm¨RbK Kvi‡Y †Rviv‡jv Ges cÖZ¨ÿ wm×všÍ wb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv `wi ª GKwU †`‡k êix Rjevqyi cÖfv‡e K…wl Drcv`b K‡g Lv`¨ msKU †`Lv †`‡e| Avk¼v i‡q‡Q gvbweK wech©‡qi| Ggb K_v ï‡b abx ivóªcÖavb‡ì ZvrÿwYK åƒ msKzwPZ n‡jI `xN©‡gqvw` mgvav‡bi †Kv‡bv c_ †`Lv‡bvi my¯úó jÿY dz‡U I‡Vwb| eis Zviv †Mvc‡b ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cÖ ‘wZ wb‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ myweav MÖn‡Yi| DËi †giæi eid Mj‡Z _vKvq Ges AvenvIqv mnbkxj gvÎvq P‡j Avm‡Z _vKvq ivwkqv, Av‡gwiKv, KvbvWv, biI‡q, †WbgvK©, myB‡Wb, wdbj¨vÛ, AvBmj¨v‡Ûi g‡Zv we‡k¦i †Zj, M¨vm, †mvbv D‡ËvjbKvix †`k¸‡jv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß n‡q‡Q DËi †giæ‡Z jywK‡q _vKv c„w_exi GK-PZz_©vsk LwbR m¤ú`mg„× DËi †giæ AÂj `L‡j| êix Rjevqy wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi †Zgb ÿwZ bv Ki‡jI m‡›`n †bB †h me‡P‡q eo wkKvi evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl| Avgv‡ì K…wl: AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z K…wli msÁv †`L‡jB Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, evsjv‡`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li fvM¨ KZUv wbqš¿Y K‡i g~j †m±iwUÑ The use of land for raising plants or animals useful to man. †Kv‡cbn¨v‡Mb m‡¤§j‡b Dc ’vwcZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii wnmve Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi 20 kZvsk Av‡m K…wl †_‡K Avi †`‡ki †gvU Rbe‡ji 60 kZvsk K…wl mswkøó †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ| gvV ch©v‡qi mwVK Z_¨-DcvË G msL¨vwU Av‡iv evo‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| †`‡k cÖwZeQi †hvM n‡”Q 20 jvL bZzb gyL hv‡ì evm ’v‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZw`bB n«vm cv‡”Q K…wlRwgi cwigvY| GKwU Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, eZ©gv‡b †`‡k K…wl Lvgv‡ii Mo AvqZb GK GK‡ii wb‡P †b‡g G‡m‡Q| A_P cÖwZeQi ïay ewa©Z RbmsL¨vi Rb¨B Lv‡`ï evowZ Pvwn`v †hvM n‡”Q cuvP jvL †gwUªK Ub| Ggb GKwU cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †`‡ki g~j PvwjKvkw³ ÔK…wlÕ hLb µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z µgn«vmgvb Avevw` Rwg wb‡q jovB K‡i hv‡”Q ZLb Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b wech©‡qi Avk¼v mvg‡b G‡m ùvovj, hv †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËv‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Q ûgwKi gy‡L| K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi fqven cwibwZi w`‡K B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQ| `xN©‡gqvw` Kzd‡ji mv‡_ µ‡gB cwiwPZ n‡”Q G †`‡ki †L‡U LvIqv mnR-mij K…lK| International Food Policy Research Institute 2009 mv‡j cÖKvk K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y `wÿY Gwkqvi Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ Í n‡e| Zv‡ì cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, 2050 mv‡j `wÿY Gwkqvq 2000 mv‡j Drcvw`Z M‡gi 50 kZvsk Drcv`b Kg n‡e, avb Drcv`b Kg‡e 17 kZvsk Avi fzÆv Drcv`b Kg‡e 6

kZvsk| wnmvewU `wÿY Gwkqvi Mo wnmve wKš‘ IPCC mgxÿv wi‡cv‡U© `wÿY Gwkqv‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y AwaK wecbœ AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡jI evsjv‡`k‡K AwZ wecbœ †`k wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Q| G‡Z my¯úófv‡e ejv hvq, D‡jøwLZ ÿwZi wmsnfvM enb Ki‡Z n‡e evsjv‡`k‡K| GKwU Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, 1960 mvj †_‡K 2009 mvj ch©šÍ N‡U hvIqv 16wU N~wY©S‡oi g‡a¨ PviwUB Zvi aŸsmh‡Ái wPý †i‡L hvq, hvi D`vniY wmWi I AvBjv| MZ K‡qK `k‡K evsjv‡`‡k eb¨v I eb¨vi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj †e‡o‡Q, S‡oi msL¨v †e‡o‡Q, †e‡o‡Q AKvj e„wó I e„wói ’vwqZ¡Kvj, ZvcgvÎv e„w×mn êix RjevqyRwbZ bvbv ai‡bi my¯úó jÿY †`Lv hv‡”Q, hv dm‡ji cÖPzi ÿwZi KviY| 2009 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m GK w`‡b 440 wgwjwgUvi e„wócvZ †iKW© Kiv nq, hv †`‡ki ˆ`wbK Mo e„wócv‡Zi wØ¸‡YiI †ewk (Mo e„wócvZ 150 †_‡K 180 wgwjwgUvi)| GgbwU NU‡Q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j| evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek Awa`ß‡ii K¬vB‡gU †PÄ †mj KZ…©K GwcÖj 2008 G cÖKvwkZ GKwU cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq, Rjevqy cwieZ©RwbZ m„ó cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡M 1991-2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 2,00,000 †jv‡Ki g„Zz¨ Ges K…wl I AeKvVv‡gv‡Z ÿwZ n‡q‡Q 41,300 †KvwU UvKv | 1973-1987 mv‡j Livi Kvi‡Y bó n‡q‡Q 21,80,000 †gwUªK Ub avb Ges eb¨vi Kvi‡Y bó n‡q‡Q 23,80,000 †gwUªK Ub avb| †`‡ki `wÿYvÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z cÖfve: †Kv‡cbn¨v‡Mb m‡¤§j‡b miKv‡ii Dc¯’vwcZ Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, KzZzew`qv Øx‡ci 250 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZ‡bi 65 kZvsk, †fvjv †Rjvi 227 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi, m›`x‡ci 180 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv mgy‡ ªi cvwbi Íi e„w×i Kvi‡Y mgy ªM‡f© Zwj‡q †M‡Q| ZvjcwÆi Lei B‡Zvg‡a¨ †R‡b †M‡Q mevB| evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿYvÂ‡ji AwaKvsk †Rjv eZ©gv‡b mgy ªc„ô †_‡K wZb-Pvi wgUv‡ii g‡a¨| G AÂ‡ji AwaKvsk gvby‡li RxweKv K…wl, grm¨m¤ú` I cï cvj‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ DcK‚‡ji 100 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©šÍ mgy‡ ªi †jvbvcvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i e¨vnZ Ki‡Q K…wl Drcv`b| ïay AvBjvi Avµg‡YB `wÿYvÂ‡ji 14wU †Rjvi K‡qK jvL Mevw`Mï gviv hvq| †f‡m hvq 220wU wPswo †Ni| K…wl AeKvVv‡gvi ÿwZ GL‡bv Avgiv KvwU‡q DV‡Z mÿg nBwb| A_P Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y `wÿYvÂ‡j cÖwZeQi Ggb SzuwKi gvÎv µgvMZ †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| †`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z cÖfve: êix RjevqyRwbZ AvNvZ †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji †P‡q DËivÂ‡ji wPÎ A‡bKUv wfbœ| †`‡ki Ae‡nwjZ DËivÂ‡j êix RjevqyRwbZ ÿwZi †Zgb mg„× Z_¨-DcvË miKv‡ii nv‡Z Av‡Q wK bv Avgvi Rvbv †bB| we‡kl K‡i e„nËi iscyi w`bvRcyi AÂ‡j Liv Avi giægqZvi KviY

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b`x I Rjvkq `Ljgy³ Kiv: AvRKvj †`Lv hvq, ivR‰bwZK cÖfve LvwU‡q b`x `L‡ji wbj©¾ Drme Pj‡Q †`‡k| A_P cÖkvmb G wb‡q wbwe©Kvi| †`‡ki b`xmg~n‡K ~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv, b`xi ¯^vfvweK MwZc_ wVK ivLv, b`xmg~n `Lj gy³ Kiv| bve¨Zv wVK ivLv BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg ’vbxq RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ev Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv n‡e m¤ú~Y© ivR‰bwZK cÖfvegy³| welqwU hwÌ Lye mnR bq wKš‘ Avgv‡ì cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v wbwðZ Ki‡Z G e¨vcv‡i cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖ‡gi weKí †bB| Lvj cybt Lbb: †`‡ki Lvjmg~n cybt Lb‡bi eë¯’v K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwbi gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvR‡b wW‡Rj BwÄ‡bi eënvi Kwg‡q cvkvcvwk mbvZb c×wZ‡Z †mP Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z R¡vjvwbRwbZ evqy ~lY †iva n‡e †mB mv‡_ †`kxq wejyß cÖRvZxi gv‡Qi cÖRb‡bi cwi‡ekI ˆZwi n‡e| †`wk Rv‡Zi exR msiÿY: nvBweªW Rv‡Zi cvkvcvwk †`wk Rv‡Zi dm‡ji exR msiÿ‡Yi e¨ve ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| D”P ZvcgvÎv Ges D”PgvÎvi jeYv³Zv mnbkxj dm‡ji RvZ D™¢veb Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯’vbxq M‡elKiv G wb‡q KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| d‡j †`k A‡bKUvB mdjZvi c‡_ GwM‡q hv‡”Q| ˆRemvi eënvi e„w×: K…lK‡ì ivmvqwbK mv‡ii eënvi wbiærmvwnZ K‡i ˆRemvi Drcv`b I eënvi e„w×‡Z Drmvn cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y AÿzYœ ivL‡Z n‡e| gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y a‡i bv ivL‡Z cvi‡j Drcv`bkxjZv µ‡gB Kg‡Z _vK‡e| KxUbvk‡Ki weKí: KxUbvkK eënv‡i mZK©Zvg~jK eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i dm‡ji DcKvix KxU iÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| KxUbvkK Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y _vK‡Z n‡e| AvRKvj †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j nv‡U-evRv‡i ÿwZKi I wbgœgv‡bi KxUbvkK wewµ n‡”Q, hv gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y bó K‡i w`‡”Q| Lo I AveR©bv eë¯’vcbv: MÖv‡gi K…lK‡ì †`Lv hvq dm‡ji gv‡Vi cwiZ¨³ ïK‡bv Lo AveR©bv cywo‡q †d‡jb| G‡Z evZv‡m Kve©‡bi gvÎv †e‡o hvq| Lo I AveR©bv bv cywo‡q K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi‡Z eënvi Kivi PP©v evov‡Z n‡e| `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv: †`‡ki `wÿYvÂj I DËivÂ‡ji K…wl Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ c…_K, `xN©‡gqvw` I Kvh©Ki K…wl cwiKíYv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| weKí kw³: †`‡ki m¤¢ve¨ ¯’vbmg~‡n (mgy ª DcK‚j Ges cvnvwo GjvKv) DBÛ wgj cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv we y¨r I R¡vjvwb mvkÖq Ki‡e| Zv Qvov †mŠikw³ I Ab¨vb¨ m¤¢vebvgq kw³i Drm wb‡q †`kxq M‡elK‡ì †gav Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆRe R¡vjvwb: Liv I cvnvwo AÂ‡j m¤¢ve¨ ’v‡b †R‡Uªvcv Pvl K‡i AZ¨šÍ DuPz gv‡bi cwi‡ekevÜe R¡vjvwb ev‡qvwW‡Rj Drcv`b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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K…l‡Ki †gavi g~j¨vqb: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki K…lKiv A‡bK DbœZ †`‡ki K…l‡Ki †P‡q †gavm¤úbœ| wb‡R‡ì D™¢vebx kw³ Kv‡R jvwM‡q mdjZvi cÖgvY †i‡L‡Q| †`‡ki D™¢vebx †gavm¤úbœ K…lK‡ì g~j¨vqb I cwiw ’wZ †gvKvwejvq Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| cvV¨cy Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³ Kiv: Avgv‡ì bZzb cÖRb¥ AvRKvj gvwU I MÖvgxY ¯úk© †_‡K ~‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| wkwÿZ kû‡i cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Kzdj m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e, Zv‡ì Kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e AvMvgxi Lv`¨ msKU Avk¼vi K_v| G †ÿ‡Î êix Rjevqy mgm¨v I m‡PZbZvi welq ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri cvV¨cy Í‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| K…wl cÖhyw³i Dbœqb: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki gvwUi ¸‡Yi K_v bZzb K‡i ejvi wKQy †bB| Zvi ciI Avgv‡ì mbvZbx c×wZi Pvl eë ’vi Kvi‡Y Avgiv _vBj¨vÛ wKsev wf‡qZbv‡gi †P‡q †n±icÖwZ Mo Drcv`b Kwi A‡a©‡KiI Kg| G †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡ì K…wl‡Z ch©vqµ‡g me©vaywbK cÖhyw³i eënvi e„w×i weKí †bB| K…wli bMivqY: Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ me‡P‡q eo †h AvNvZwU Avm‡e Zv n‡”Q †`‡ki µgea©gvb gvby‡li Lv`¨ msKU| G cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvq K…wli bMivq‡Yi weKí †bB| Kg‡Q Avevw` Rwg evo‡Q gvbyl| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evwoi AvwObvq AeënƒZ Rwg‡Z Ges evmv-evwoi Qv‡` mewR Pvl e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcÖq K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| GKzqvcwb· cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g evmvi Qv‡` I DuPz Nb‡Z¡ gvQ I GKB mv‡_ mewR Drcv`b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡gwiKv, KvbvWv Ges A‡÷«wjqv‡Z GB cÖhyw³ e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| †mme †`‡k ïay cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨B bq, evwYwR¨Kfv‡eI GKzqvcwb· cÖhyw³ eënƒZ n‡”Q| Rjevqy Znwej eë¯’vcbv: †`‡ki wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq †`‡k cÖvß Rjevqy Znwe‡ji A_© eënv‡i A ^”QZv Awbqg, eë ’vcbv ÎæwU I AcP‡qi Lei Avgv‡ì co‡Z nq cÖvqB| miKvwifv‡e eQ‡i AvU nvRvi †KvwU UvKv GB Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv nq| BDGbwWwc-Gi GKwU mgxÿv cÖwZ‡e`‡bI G Awbqg I A_© AcP‡qi wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| eë¯’vcbvMZ ÎæwU I mgš^qnxbZvi Kvi‡Y G Lv‡Z cÖvß Znwe‡ji mydj †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q †`k, ewÂZ n‡”Q AbvMZ cÖRb¥| ïay e³…Zvq bq, Avgiv Avgv‡ì gvZ…f‚wg‡K fv‡jvevwm, G K_vi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡j Rjevqy Znwe‡ji Awbqg eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| `~i Ki‡Z n‡e eë¯’vcbv ÎæwU I mgš^qnxbZv| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li BwZnvm cÖK…wZi mv‡_ hy× K‡i wU‡K _vKvi BwZnvm| evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e hw` †`‡ki cÖwZwU mvaviY gvbyl †_‡K ïiæ K‡i miKv‡ii bxwZ-wba©viKiv ch©šÍ welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ AšÍi †_‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z mÿg nb| µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~iY I êix Rjevqyi cÖfve †_‡K †`k I †`‡ki K…wl‡K iÿvi Rb¨

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cvnv‡o ninv‡gkv cvIqv †hZ nvwZ, nvwZi uvZ, MÐv‡ii Pvgov I gay| me‡P‡q Riæwi †h wRwbmwU cvIqv †hZ Zv n‡”Q LwbR Rj| cvnv‡oi `wÿY cÖv‡šÍ mv½b (nv½b) †c‡Z MÐvi aiv n‡Zv| Gi bvgKiY n‡q‡Q cvwZjvmv½b| †L`v K‡i aiv n‡Zv nvwZ| G Rb¨ Gi bvg ivLv nq MRfvM| GK mgq eo‡jLvi Avw`Z¨ cwiev‡ii ZË¡veav‡b MRfvM †_‡K nvwZ a‡i gywk©`vev` I w`wjø‡Z Pvjvb †Ìqv n‡Zv| Abïv MÐvi wkKvi Ki‡Z cÖ ‘Z KiZ Xvj| Zv Pvjvb w`Z cy‡iv fvi‡Z| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡o †ek K‡qKwU jeY Lwb wQj| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi evN, cvwL, nwiY, nvwZ, nvwZi ùvZ, eb¨ k~Kimn bvbv ai‡bi cvwL, g~jëvb MvQcvjvi ¯§„wZgq Wvjv GLb ’vbxq gyiweŸ‡ì gy‡L b÷vjwRqv gvÎ| Pwjø‡ki `k‡K cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi Kx Ae¯’v wQj Dw™¢`weÁvbx wØ‡Rb kg©vi Revbx‡Z Zv Gfv‡e dz‡U I‡VÑ ÔAvgv‡ì Muv †_‡K cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi msiwÿZ ebvÂj ch©šÍ Pvi gvBj `xN© †MvUv c_wU MvQMvQvwj‡Z wbweo wQj| KuvVvjZjx †÷kb †cwi‡q gvBjLv‡bK c~‡e© †M‡jB eb‡gviM, wZwZi, k¨vgv, wfgivR, evbi †`Lv †hZ| Av‡iKUz G‡Mv‡jB †kvbv †hZ nbygvb‡ì GK‡N‡q wRwMi, ˆèvr nwi‡Yi WvK| Avk¼v wQj ey‡bv k~K‡ii m‡½ †gvjvKv‡Zi| cvnv‡oi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì GKwU †QvU evwo Av‡Q| ˆK‡kvi †_‡KB †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ, emevm| KZ †h wewPÎ cvwL †`‡LwQ, ivgabyi mvZi‡Oi †ewk iOavix cvwL wQj| cvKzo Mv‡Q dj cvK‡j AvmZ nwiqv‡ji SuvK| AvR Avi Zvi GKwUI wU‡K †bB| GKw`b cvnv‡oi DuPz wUjvi P‚ovq †cuŠQvB| nuvcv‡Z _vwK, GZ DuPz‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv w`b DwVwb| AevK n‡q Pviw`‡K ZvKvB| Ggb Avðh© „k¨cU †Kv‡bv w`b †`wLwb| c~‡e© ZvwK‡q †`wL cvnv‡oi ci cvnvo, cwð‡g we¯ÍxY© cÖvšÍi, Rjvf‚wg, AuvKveuvKv b`xi †iLv, Zvici AvKvk Avi gvwUi †gjv‡gkv| nVvr †Pv‡L c‡o wb‡P †hb cvnv‡oi Mv‡Nu‡l †cvKvi g‡Zv Kx GKUv nuvU‡Q! Avm‡j IUv Pvi gvBj ~‡ii †ijc‡_ Pjgvb GKUv †Uªb| ZLbB GB we¯ÍxY© wbmM© `„‡kï ~iZ¡ m¤ú‡K© †ev‡av`q nq| †ij mo‡Ki jv‡Mvqv Avgv‡ì MÖvgwU cvnv‡oi Mv‡q †hb †mu‡a Av‡Q, ~‡ii D¾¡j Rjivwk 10-15 gvBj `~‡ii nvKvjywKi nvIi Ges Zvici †Rjv mì wm‡jU ch©šÍ †Lvjv gvV| nVvr †`wL wbweo e‡bi duvK Mwj‡q GK¸”Q Av‡jv, cvZv¸‡jv Sjgwj‡q D‡V‡Q| Zvici †`wL ev‡Ni ZiZvRv cv‡qi `vM, Avgiv ZLb R½j †Q‡o †jvKvj‡qi muvIZvj cjøxi w`‡K ªæZ †`Šov‡Z _vwK|Õ cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi cÖvK…wZK Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© wØ‡Rb kg©v‡K g‡b n‡jv †hb mvÿvr Dw™¢ RM‡Zi gnvivRv| wZwb †kvbvb, Ôcvnv‡o eo eo MvQ, euvkSvo, ARmªª Rv‡Zi jZv, cv_i, cv_‡ii Mv‡q †ikwg meyR k¨vIjvi Av¯Íi| XvDm cvZvi ey‡bv ivg Kjvi †Svc, njy` n‡q IVv Nvm, Avgv‡ì cvnv‡o A‡bK my›ì my›ì dzjMvQ †`‡LwQ| A‡kvK, †èKvÂb, KbKPuvcv, cviæj, Rswj, RyuB, bvMcjøx,

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jyUwK, bxjjZv, j¨vwWm Av‡gªjv, WzwjPvcv, g¨vMbwjqv Av‡iv KZ bvg bv Rvbv dzj, dj, cvwL, RxeRš‘ †`L‡Z cvIqv †hZ|Õ bevwe Avg‡j cv_vwiqv cvnvo I Gi Avkcv‡ki R½j wQj KzwK‡ì Av¯Ívbv| GK mgq G AÂ‡j KzwK bq Ggb gvby‡li msL¨v Av‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK †e‡o hvq| KzwKiv gvby‡li gvsm Lye cQ›` KiZ| cÖvqB Zviv mgZj AÂ‡j nvbv w`‡q bi-bvix I wkï‡ì ew›` K‡i wb‡q †hZ| QvMj ev †fovi cv‡ji g‡Zv Pvjvb Kiv n‡Zv Zv‡ì Av Ívbvq| Gme ew›ì A‡bK‡KB RevB K‡i Dìc~wZ© Kiv n‡Zv| Z‡e my›ìx bvix _vK‡j Zv‡K Zviv †i‡L w`Z A_ev Dcnvi îƒc wÎcyiv ev Ab¨ †Kv_vI cvVvZ| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡o i‡q‡Q `yiweb wUjv, MRbwUjv I ivRevwo bv‡g wZbwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ k„½| G¸‡jvi D”PZv cÖvq 244 wgUvi| Avi nv‡Zi gv‡c 534 nvZ| GKZjv `vjvb‡K hw` AvU nvZ aiv nq, Z‡e Gi D”PZv n‡e evsjv‡`‡ki wkí e¨vs‡Ki g‡Zv cÖvq wZbwU DuPz `vjv‡bi g‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b cv_vwiqv ebvÂj‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvK…wZK ebvÂj I gvbem„ó ebvÂj| cÖkvmwbK Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© GB ebvÂj‡K wZbwU we‡U wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ K. eo‡jLv weU, L. gvaeQov weU, M. mgbevM weU| wZbwU we‡Ui †gvU f‚wgi cwigvY 9187.55 GKi| eZ©gv‡b cv_vwiqv ebvÂ‡j i‡q‡Q ïay euvk, †eZ I wKQy MvQMvQov| g~jëvb e„ÿ ej‡Z wKQy †bB| Pvg, mywÜ, KoB, evgXvjv, Mvgvwi, PvcvwjKv, Rviæj cÖf…wZ wewfbœ Rv‡Zi g~jëvb e„‡ÿ mg¯Í ebvÂj wQj ficyi| cÖvK…wZK ebvÂj‡K PviwU gnv‡j fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ K. wbKwo euvkgnvj, L. lvUgvQov euvkgnvj, M. gvaeQov euvkgnvj Ges N. jvZz ajQov euvkgnvj| cv_vwiqv cvnvo wb‡q GKwU RbkÖæwZ G iKgÑ my ~i AZxZKv‡j euvk KvU‡Z wM‡q GK w`bgRyi GK Kjwm †mvbvi †gvni †c‡qwQj| cvnv‡oi euvk kÖwgKiv AvRI Mfxi R½‡j Mv‡Qi cvZvi duvK-†dvK‡i Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡M †mvbvi †gvni †Luv‡R e‡j ¯’vbxqiv Rvbvq| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi nwiY LvIqvi †jv‡f evN cvnv‡oi wb‡P Rbvi‡Y¨ P‡j AvmZ| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi Mfxi Ai‡Y¨ gvaeKz‡Ði ZrKvjxb evwm›`v kÖx KvjxcÖmbœ `v‡mi mv‡_ Avjvc nq| wZwb mË‡ii `k‡Ki Mí Avgv‡ì Gfv‡e †kvbvbÑ ÔgvaeKz‡ÐB Avgvi Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv| cvnv‡o ev‡Ni Ae ’v wQj A‡bKUv MÖv‡gi †kqvj †`Lvi g‡Zv| Avgiv el©v †gŠmy‡g GKUv, y‡Uv wKsev Zvi †P‡q †ewk evN †`LZvg| gvaeQovq evN‡K cvwb †_‡K wKsev Pv evMv‡bi miæc_ w`‡q evN‡K †jR †b‡o †h‡Z †`‡LwQ| KZ w`b ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z wKsev ¯‹zj †_‡K †divi mgq mÜ¨v‡ejvq ev‡Ni gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQ| GK w`‡bi NUbvÑ ˆkk‡e Avwg Avgv‡ì evwoi M„nf…‡Zï

†Kv‡j wQjvg| G mgq evN G‡jv Miæi Ici AvµgY Ki‡Z| evN †`‡L my‡i›`Ö gvgv Zxeª ûsKvi w`‡j evN P‡j hvq| evN gvgvi mv‡_ my‡i›`Ö gvgvi agKvagwKi ¯§„wZ Avgvi gb †_‡K AvRI †gv‡Qwb| Avgv‡ì A‡bK Mvwf wQj| evN cÖvqB Mvwf‡ì Ici AvµgY Ki‡Z AvmZ| DcvqvšÍi bv †`‡L evN gvivi R‡b¨ e› yKavix wkKvwi KuvVvjMv‡Qi Ici gvPv K‡i IZ †c‡Z em‡jb| e› y‡K ¸wj fiv, evNI G‡jv, wKš‘ ¸wj Qyo‡Z wkKvwi †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cvi‡jb bv| cvnv‡o evN QvovI GKcvj eb¨nvwZ AvmZ| cvnv‡o Avwg R‡b¥i ci yB hyM wQjvg, †hLv‡b Avgv‡ì evwo wQj, AvRI †mLv‡b evOvwj RbemwZ M‡o I‡Vwb|Õ mË‡ii `k‡Ki Ai‡Y¨ jvwjZ GB wkïmšÍvbwU eZ©gv‡b XvKvi mvfvi wek¦we`¨vjq K‡j‡Ri `k©b wefv‡Mi wefvMxq cÖavb| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi ev‡Ni e¨vcviUv ’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q gyL‡ivPK M‡íi welq| RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q, evN gvbyl‡K †L‡jI cxi-

dwKi, mvay-mbœ vmx‡ì mv‡_ fv‡jv eënvi KiZ| GgbwK evN cxi‡ì †cvl¨ KzKz‡ii b¨vq Lvw`‡gi g‡Zv KvR KiZ| AZxZKv‡j ¯’vbxq‡ì A™¢zZ GKwU aviYv I †jvKvPvi wQj| hw` Kv‡iv mšÍvb bv n‡Zv Z‡e ev‡Ni Mv‡qi Ici cv †i‡L ¤øvb Ki‡j wZwb mšÍvb aviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| G‡Z evN GjvÕ ~i n‡e| G iKg GKwU NUbvi D`vniY †Nvjmv GjvKvi cÖvq 90 eQi e‡qve„× kÖxgwZ Zi½jZv `vm| we‡qi A‡bK eQi ciI mšÍvb bv nIqvq kvïwo Zv‡K GB Kv‡R Drmvn †RvMvb| GjvKvq ZLb kxZ †gŠmy‡g A‡bK evN wkKvi n‡Zv| wZwb g„Z ev‡Ni Ici cv †i‡L ¤øvb K‡iwQ‡jb| ïiæ‡Z f‡q Zvi wc‡j Pg‡K wM‡qwQj| ZLb k¦ïoevwoi mevB Zv‡K mvnm RywM‡qwQj| Gi wKQyw`b ci wZwb cÖ_g mšÍvb aviY K‡ib| Zi½jZv `vm AiY¨‡kvwfZ cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi 50 eQ‡ii mPÿz `k©K| Zvi mv‡_ ev‡Ni KZ †h †`Lv n‡q‡Q Zvi †Kv‡bv wnmve †bB| Qov †_‡K Rj Avb‡Z wM‡q cÖvqB wZwb ev‡Ni Là‡i co‡Zb| Z‡e AZ¨vðh© n‡jv, evNiv KL‡bv Zv‡K AvµgY K‡iwb| G †hb GK Rswj ivwbi Mí| cv_vwiqv cvnv‡o kxZ †gŠmy‡g Mfxi AiY¨ †_‡K evN Rbvi‡Y¨ †b‡g AvmZ| R½j †_‡K †b‡g Avmv evN, Miæ-gwn‡li Rvb wb‡jI wb‡Ri Rvb wb‡q wd‡i †h‡Z cviZ bv| KviY ’vbxqiv evN wkKv‡i eoB I Ív`| evN wkKvi n‡Zv kxZ †gŠmy‡g| GwU Lye Drmvn-DÏxcbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q D &hvwcZ n‡Zv| cvnv‡o evN †`Lv †M‡Q ev Kv‡iv evwo‡Z AvµgY K‡i‡Q A_ev Kv‡iv evwo‡Z ev‡Ni cv‡qi wPý wKsev MR©b †kvbv †M‡Q Gme Lei cvIqv gvÎB evN wkKv‡ii Av‡qvRb ïiæ n‡Zv| gmwR‡` †Ìqv n‡Zv NÈv| `‡j `‡j †jvK gmwR‡` QyUZ| Rvj ay‡q mvd Kiv n‡Zv| KzP ejøg (RvUv) `v, LywšÍ, KzVvi me kvb †Ìqv n‡Zv| Zvi c‡ii w`b wVK K‡i †`vqv-gvnwdj| wn› yiv c~Rv I fMev‡bi Kv‡Q Avkxe©v` †P‡q, Avevj-e„×-ewbZv cvnv‡oi w`‡K evN wkKv‡i

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iIbv w`Z| Gfv‡e 16wU cÂv‡q‡Zi nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Rvj-RvUv wb‡q cvnv‡o GKÎ n‡Zv| ZLb cvnv‡o Drme Drme fve PjZ| ixwZg‡Zv evRvi e‡m †hZ| Z‡e †jvKRb MvQcvjv I cwi‡e‡ki cÖPzi ÿwZ mvab KiZ Av¸b R¡vwj‡q, nuvK w`‡q, †Xvj evwR‡q, û û Avw`g wPrKv‡i, hÎZÎ Rjwe‡qvM I cywil cÖÿvjb K‡i| wnbvB bMi, cvwLqvjv, ARgxi, mvZKivKvw›`, myRvbMi, G iKg 16wU cÂv‡q‡Zi wbR ^ Rvj wQj| evN †hLv‡b jywK‡q _vKZ wkKvwiiv Zv‡K ÔayiÕ ev ÔjyrÕ e‡j| GB jy‡Zi g‡a¨ wkKvwiiv Rvj †c‡Z jZvcvZv w`‡q †X‡K ivLZ| Rv‡ji Kv‡Q mvnmx I mveavbx cuvP-mvZRb wkKvwi mve©ÿwYK cvnvivq _vKZ| evN me mgq wcbcZb bxieZvi g‡a¨ emevm K‡i| ~i †_‡K Ab¨‡ì ˆnû‡jøvo I XvK-†Xv‡ji k‡ã evN jy‡Z cvjv‡Z wM‡q wkKvwi‡ì Rv‡j aiv coZ| Avevi Mo †eu‡a I evN aiv n‡Zv| M‡oi g‡a¨ QvMj w`‡q ivLv n‡Zv| QvM‡ji wPrKv‡i evN G‡j wkKvwi Rvj w`‡q evN a‡i †djZ| Zvici wKQyw`b Afz³ †i‡L, ev‡Ni mv‡_ gRv K‡i, ek©v w`‡q LyuwP‡q evN‡K †g‡i †djv n‡Zv| hv‡ì Rv‡j evN aiv coZ, ïay ZvivB evN gvivi g~j nK`vi| evN‡K †g‡i †djvi ci Kuv‡a wb‡q MÖv‡gM‡Ä mevB‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡Zv| Gme evN wkKvi †`L‡Z †Rjv mì †_‡K GmwWIivI Avm‡Zb| evN wkKv‡ii ˆkke ¯§„wZ wn‡m‡e wewkó cÖevmx weÁvbx W. AvZvDj Kwig GK mvÿvrKv‡i e‡j‡Qb, Ô†m mgq Avgv‡ì GjvKvq eQ‡i wZb †_‡K PviwU evN aiv coZ| Avi evN aiv gv‡b ¯‹zj QywU n‡q hvIqv| ¯‹zj QywU gv‡b GKm‡½ wZb-Pvi w`b| cvnvwo GjvKvq Mo †eu‡a evN aiv n‡Zv|Õ D‡jøL¨, W. AvZvDj Kwi‡gi MÖv‡gi evwo cv_vwiqv cvnvo †_‡K cÖvq Qq gvBj ~‡i Aew ’Z| 82 eQi eq‡mi evN wkKvwi nvwR gZwQg Avjx g‡ZvB †g¤vi

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