主动语态 被动语态

一般式完成式进行式完成进行式

to do to be done

to have done to have been done

to be doing

to have been doing

not not

not not

not

not

To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.

做那种事真是愚蠢 .

To do that thing is foolish.

= It is foolish to do that thing.

比较 :

Walking after supper is helpful.

To walk in the street this evening will be nice.

Waving one’s hand is to say “goodbye”.

眼见为实

Seeing is to believe.

To see is believing.

Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

××

√√

√√

××

你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。

All you have to do is finish the job quickly.All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.

Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.

他答应不把这事告诉任何人．

He promised not to tell anyone about it.

[ 注 ] 以下动词只能跟不定式做宾语：

afford, agree, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, wish, attempt

Do you have anything to say?

有许多电视可供挑选．

There are a lot of TV sets to choose from.

我们找到了一所房子住．

We found a house to live in.

from

in

[ 注 ] Ⅱ

She has a great wish to travel around the word.

He must keep the promise to pay within a month.

一些要求不定式做宾语的动词转化为名词后 , 仍可带不定式做定语 . 如 : agreement, attempt, decision, promise, wish, plan

[ 注 ] Ⅰ

Betty was the first to know the truth.

The easiest way to learn English is staying at an English family.

名词前有序数词，最高级或next, only 等修饰时．

目的状语 :

He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.

原因状语 :

They jumped with joy to hear the news.结果状语 :

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

动词 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式 :

She asked me to stay there.

Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, drive, tell, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, want, warm

表示见解、看法的动词 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式：

We found the rumor to be true.

I consider him to have done wrong.

believe, consider, declare, discover, feel( 认为 ),find, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand.

to be 或 to have done

感官动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式

I heard the clock tick.

I liked to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.

see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel

使役动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式

Don’t make the children do such heavy work.

Shall I have him come here?

have, make, let

They shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.

表示好恶的动词 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式：

I like people to tell the truth. Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?

dislike, like, prefer, hate, love, want

动词短语 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式： I’m waiting for you to reply. You can depend on Jack to help you.

arrange for, ask for, call on, depend on, rely on, wait for

1. Robert is said ___ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.

A to have studied B to study

C to be studying D to have been studying

2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult.

A not make B not to make

C not making D do not make

3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___ in my new job.

A. expected B. to expect

C to be expecting D expects

4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live.

A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing

5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.

A. it what to do with B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it D. to do what with it

6. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

7. We agreed ___ here but so far she hasn’t turned out yet.

A. having met B. meeting

C. to meet D. to have met

8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

9. The patient was warned __ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

10. I would love ___ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going

D. having gone

11.Mary is always the first student to answer the teacher’s questions in class.

A. rising B.to rise C.rose D.risen

12.—would you be so kind us out?

---With pleasure.

• helping B.in helping C.help D.as to help

17.Paul doesn’t have to be made .He

always works hard.

A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning