고령화리뷰 The Trends of International Population Aging
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The Trends of International
Population Aging
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2)
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Living Will .
1980 Living Will
(Durable power of attorney for health care, health care proxy)
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Act)
.
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1990 27%, 40% .
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2005 0.4% .
(The Slippery Slope)
.21)
2001 2005
(%)
(%)
3,500 2.6 2,325 1.7
300 0.2 100 0.1
950 0.7 550 0.4
29,000 21 33,700 25
28,000 20 21,300 16
: (2010).
2001 2005
19) 1990, 1995, 2001 , 2005
.
20) Termination of Life on Request and Assited Suicide(Review Procedures) Act.
21) Dignity in dying(2011).
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(2014. 7. 7).
Dignity in dying (2011), A matter of facts, http://www.dignityindying.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/A-matter-of-facts.pdf)
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60 (2013)
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.
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2007~2012 (32.1%) OECD
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OECD ( 21.9%) .5)
6) GDP
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5) http://www.oecd.org/korea/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Korea.pdf.
6) 40
, 1988 26 .
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(%)
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: http://www.oecd.org/korea/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-
Highlights-Korea.pdf.
: GDP , 2009 .
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.
(A)
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1)
B/A100 892/A100
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3,064 1,664 54.3 29.1
(: , %)
: 1) 892 (*) (A)
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14) (http://basicpension.mw.go.kr/Nfront_info/basic_pension_2_2.jsp).
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(A-B)
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pp. 79~113.
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Business Insight, LG.
(2014), ,
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(2005), ,
, 16 3 46, , pp. 89-121.
Lisa F. Berknam(2008),
, 2008-03, .
(2013), 2013 .
_______________(2014), 2014 .
-
33
http://www.oecd.org/korea/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Korea.pdf.
OECD(2011), Pensions at a Glance 2011.
_____(2013), Pensions at a Glance 2013: OECD and G20 Indicators, OECD Publishing.
Scholz, John Karl and Ananth Seshadri(2009), What Replacement Rates Should Households
Use?, Working Paper WP 2009-214, Michigan Retirement Research Center
University of Michigan.
-
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2002 2010
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2014 3
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1.57 1.63 1.47 1.08 1.23 1.30
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9) (2014. 11. 27).
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1.7 1.41 1.38 1.30
25~54 73.3 69.2 78.2 61.2
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(2014), , , 207,
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(2011), , LG.
(2014), , .
(2014. 11. 27), , .
(2008), , , .
(2012), , .
(2014), 1990.
OECD(2014), Family Database.
UN(2014), World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
WSJ(2014. 11. 7), China changed one-child policy doesnt give baby boost.
(http://www.mhlw.go.jp).
-
43
10 10.3%
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(2014. 9. 12)
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2013 614 2001(358 ) 1.7
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2013 17,590 2001
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2013 2001 260,579 17%(215,354)
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13 45%(23) 14 2
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, 2014 .
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2.
16.0% 2035 23.3% 343
. - (2014. 9. 29), 2014
(2011) (21%)
(37.9%), (34.4%), (34.1%)
1990
.
(12.8%)
.
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.
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12) 65 20% .
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2006 OECD
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.
13) 96
50 (HelpAge International 2014).
14) 25 24 5 D
(Australian Centre for Financial Studies 2014).
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52
(: %)
: 60 .
: (2011).
.
(60 ) .
(37.9%), (34.1%),
(34.4%)
( ).
- ,
.
.
1980
(60
) 2010 21.0% ( ).
(12.8%)
, 1990 20 ( 7.2%p)
(9.7%p).
-
53
(: %)
: 60 1 .
: (2011).
65 2014 132 2035 343
.
2000 54.4 2035 343 6.4
.15)
2010 16% 2035 23.3%
.
.
()16)
.
15) (2012).
16) NHK
3 2 (NHK
2012).
-
54
- -
- - .
96.7% 3.86 , 1
34.9%17)
.
8.6% 3 1
.
, ,
.
2000 1,161 2012 4,023
3.5 .
65 50% 2010 674
2013 878 .
.
.
60
( 73.0%),
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17) (2011).
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(2013) ( 20.6%)
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(2011), , .
(2012), 2010~2035.
______(2013), 2013 ().
______(2014), 2014 .
NHK (2012), , .
Australian Centre for Financial Studies(2014), Melbourne Mercer Global Pension Index.
HelpAge International(2014), Global AgeWatch Index 2014 Insight report.
(2011), 2010 .
-
58
3.
2014 7
, (Mother's Pension)
. - Deutsche Welle(2014. 5. 3)18)
45
65 63 ,
1992 .
, .
.
.
,
, (1) , (2) , (3)
(parametric reform) .
,
.
18) Deutsche Welle(2014. 5. 23), German parliament approves contested pensions package; DEUTSCHLAND.de(2014.
7. 1); Financial Times (2014. 4. 21); Reuter (2014. 5. 19; Wall Street Journal(2014. 1. 29)
-
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2014 2014 7
65 63 ,
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22) 45 65 . , 2012
, 2023 66, 2029 67 .
45 2012 2%
(: 3.2%, : 0.5%).
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, , 1980
.25)
45
,
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-
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.
(CDU: Christian Democratic Union) (SPD: Social
Democratic Party of Germany) 2013
, 2014 7 .28)
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25) ,
.
26) ,
((2010. 10. 21),
). (: 60
62, : 65 67) 2010 6 24
((2010. 6. 24), ).
27) .
(Pay-as-you-go System)
, (Funded System) ,
.
28) (Merkel) (CDU) 2013
, (CDU)(CSU) (SPD)
(November 'grand coalition').
.
-
61
- 65 63
850 , 1992
.
,
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2014 45
65 63 ,
.
- 2007
65 67
.
, 2020 600
,29) .
- Gerhard Schrder (Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen
Arbeitgeberverbnde: BDA) 2030 (Payroll
Tax)30) , 1,600
, .31)
29) Chicago Tribute(2014. 1. 16), German pension reform to cost 60 billion euros by 2020.
30) .
31) The Street Journal(2014. 1. 29), Germany Moves to Cut Retirement Age, Raise Pensions;
BNP PARIBAS(2014. 3. 21), German pension reform reverses course.
-
62
OECD
(Pensionable Age or Pension Eligibility Age)
.
OECD 65 67 ,
69 .
OECD
: OECD(2012), OECD Pensions Outlook 2012.
OECD 90 50 2
62.5, 61.1,
2050 65 .
, 2050
20.3 24.6
, .
.
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OECD
(1950~2050) (1960~2050)
: Chomik & Whitehouse(2010).
. : ,
(SPD) Andrea Nahles
2014 44 6
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.
,
.
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32) THE LOCAL de(2014. 1. 17), Minister unveils 60 Euro billion pension reforms; ,
Weise
. 63 (1) 5% 61 2
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17 .
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24.2%.
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im Fokus, DIW Roundup.
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Deutsche Welle(2014. 4. 24), German pension plans prompt EU reply.
_____________(2014. 5. 23), German parliament approves contested pensions package.
DEUTSCHLAND.de(2014. 7. 1), Andrea Nahles and the Pension Reform - The Grand
Coalitions pension reform is closely associated with the name Andrea Nahles.
Dieter Bruninger(2014), German pension policy ignores demographics, Economic and
European policy issues, Deutsche Bank Research.
Financial Times(2014. 4. 21), Germany Attacked Over Plan to Cut Retirement Age.
Laurent Belsie(2014), Disability, Pension Reform, and Early Retirement in Germany.
Reuters(2014. 5. 19), Germany finalises flagship pension reform.
______(2014. 5. 23), German parliament clears way for retirement at 63.
The Economist(2014. 3. 8), In the wrong direction - The government is reversing some of its
predecessors sensible pension reforms.
The New York Times(2014. 6. 30), After Tightening Pensions, Germany Eases Rules for Some.
Wall Street Journal(2014. 1. 29), Germany Moves to Cut Retirement Age, Raise Pensions.
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_____(2013), WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013-Enforcing bans on tobacco
advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
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Tobacco Control in Developing Countries
(http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTETC/Resources/375990-1089904539172/4
74683-1089904575523/TobaccoFacts1-6.pdf).
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Brooks, D.(2014. 4. 24), The Piketty Phenomenon, Opinion Pages, The New York Times.
Cingano, F.(2014), Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth, OECD
Social Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 163, OECD Publishing.
Krugman, P.(2014. 4. 24), The Piketty Panic, Opinion Pages. The New York Times.
Piketty, Thomas(2014), Capital in the Twenty-First Century, The Belknap Press of Harvard
University Press.
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______(2014), Rising Inequality: Youth and poor fall further behind, Income Inequality
Update.
______(2014), Taxing wages 2014.
UN(2013), World Population Prospects, 2012 Revision.
WHO(2014), Global Health Observatory Data Repository.
World Bank(2014), World Development Indicators Database.
-
, , , ,
2014
.
. ()
1.
65 ()
65 ()
2.
(Tax Revenue)
(Tax Wedge)
(2013)
(2013)
-
129
3.
(2013)
1
4.
1
GDP
1
1
(15 1)
(15 )
5.
10
-
130
1.
(: )
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
80.0 80.3 80.6 80.9 81.1 81.4 81.5 81.6 81.8 82.0 82.1
78.8 78.7 79.3 79.4 80.0 80.3 80.5 80.4 80.7 81.1 81.0
78.2 78.2 79.0 79.1 79.5 79.9 79.8 80.1 80.3 80.7 80.5
79.5 79.7 79.9 80.1 80.4 80.5 80.7 80.9 81.2 81.5 -
77.4 77.4 77.4 77.9 78.4 77.8 77.8 78.8 79.0 78.9 78.9
75.4 75.3 75.8 76.1 76.7 77.0 77.3 77.4 77.7 78.0 78.2
77.1 77.4 77.8 78.3 78.4 78.4 78.8 79.0 79.3 79.9 80.1
71.4 71.8 72.4 72.9 73.1 73.2 74.2 75.2 75.9 76.4 76.5
78.3 78.5 79.0 79.1 79.5 79.6 79.9 80.1 80.2 80.6 80.7
79.4 79.2 80.3 80.3 80.9 81.2 81.3 81.5 81.8 82.2 82.1
78.5 78.6 79.2 79.4 79.8 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.5 80.8 81.0
79.0 79.2 79.3 79.5 79.9 79.7 80.3 80.4 80.7 80.8 80.7
72.5 72.6 73.0 73.0 73.5 73.6 74.2 74.4 74.7 75.0 75.2
80.6 81.0 81.1 81.6 81.2 81.5 81.7 81.8 82.0 82.4 83.0
77.7 78.2 78.6 79.0 79.3 79.7 80.2 80.3 80.8 80.8 81.0
79.5 79.7 80.2 80.2 80.6 80.6 81.0 81.5 81.7 81.7 81.8
80.3 80.1 80.9 80.9 81.4 81.5 81.6 81.7 82.1 82.3 82.3
81.8 81.8 82.1 82.0 82.4 82.6 82.7 83.0 82.9 82.7 83.2
76.9 77.3 77.9 78.5 79.1 79.4 79.9 80.4 80.6 81.0 81.3
78.1 77.8 79.2 79.5 79.4 79.5 80.6 80.7 80.7 81.1 81.5
73.6 73.8 73.9 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.1 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.4
78.4 78.7 79.2 79.5 79.9 80.3 80.5 80.8 81.0 81.3 81.2
79.0 79.3 79.5 79.8 80.1 80.2 80.4 80.8 81.0 81.2 81.5
79.0 79.6 80.1 80.3 80.6 80.6 80.8 81.0 81.2 81.4 81.5
74.6 74.7 74.9 75.1 75.3 75.4 75.7 75.8 76.4 76.9 76.9
77.4 77.5 78.4 78.2 79.0 79.2 79.5 79.7 80.0 80.6 80.5
73.8 73.8 74.2 74.2 74.4 74.5 75.0 75.3 75.6 76.1 76.2
76.6 76.4 77.2 77.4 78.3 78.3 79.1 79.3 79.8 80.1 80.2
79.9 79.7 80.4 80.3 81.1 81.2 81.5 81.9 82.4 82.6 82.5
79.9 80.3 80.6 80.7 81.0 81.1 81.3 81.5 81.6 81.9 81.8
80.6 80.6 81.2 81.4 81.7 82.0 82.2 82.3 82.6 82.8 82.8
71.9 72.3 72.7 73.1 73.4 73.7 73.9 74.1 74.3 74.6 74.6
78.3 78.4 79.0 79.2 79.5 79.7 79.8 80.4 80.6 81.0 81.0
76.9 77.1 77.4 77.4 77.7 77.9 78.1 78.5 78.6 78.7 -
OECD 77.7 77.8 78.3 78.5 78.8 79.0 79.3 79.6 79.8 80.1 80.2
: OECD(2014), Health Data.
-
131
(: )
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
20.8 21.0 21.1 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.8 21.8 22.0 22.0
19.8 19.7 20.2 20.3 20.7 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.4 21.7 21.3
19.7 19.6 20.2 20.2 20.6 21.0 20.9 21.1 21.3 21.6 21.3
20.5 20.6 20.8 20.9 21.1 21.1 21.2 21.4 21.6 21.7 -
19.8 19.6 19.5 19.7 20.2 19.5 20.4 20.6 20.8 20.2 20.0
17.3 17.2 17.6 17.7 18.3 18.5 18.8 18.8 19.0 19.2 19.2
18.2 18.5 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.2 19.5 19.5 19.7 20.1 20.2
17.4 17.5 17.8 18.1 18.4 18.5 18.9 19.3 19.5 20.1 20.3
19.8 20.0 20.7 21.0 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.5 21.5 21.7 21.6
21.4 21.1 22.1 22.0 22.7 23.0 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.8 23.4
19.6 19.5 20.1 20.1 20.5 20.7 20.7 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.2
19.5 19.4 19.8 20.0 20.2 20.1 20.5 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.0
17.0 16.9 17.3 17.2 17.7 17.8 18.1 18.2 18.2 18.3 18.1
20.8 20.2 21.1 21.0 20.7 21.0 20.6 21.0 21.5 21.5 21.5
18.8 19.1 19.5 19.7 19.9 20.1 20.3 20.7 20.8 20.9 21.1
19.7 19.9 20.3 20.2 20.4 20.2 20.7 21.0 21.2 21.1 21.0
20.9 20.4 21.3 21.1 21.6 21.7 21.7 21.8 22.1 22.2 22.1
23.0 23.0 23.3 23.2 23.4 23.6 23.6 24.0 23.8 23.7 23.8
18.7 19.0 19.4 19.9 20.1 20.5 21.0 21.5 21.6 21.9 22.0
20.0 18.9 20.5 20.4 20.3 20.3 21.0 21.4 21.6 21.6 21.4
18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.6
19.3 19.5 19.9 20.1 20.3 20.7 20.7 21.0 21.0 21.2 21.0
20.1 20.2 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4
19.8 20.3 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.8 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.4 21.0
18.0 18.0 18.3 18.5 18.8 18.9 19.1 19.2 19.5 19.9 19.9
19.4 19.2 20.0 19.7 20.5 20.4 20.6 20.8 21.0 21.6 21.3
16.9 16.9 17.1 17.1 17.3 17.5 17.8 18.0 18.0 18.4 18.5
19.0 18.7 19.4 19.3 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.5 21.0 21.1 21.1
21.0 20.8 21.4 21.2 21.9 21.9 22.1 22.5 22.9 23.0 22.8
20.1 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.1
21.3 21.1 21.6 21.7 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.2 22.5 22.6 22.3
15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.9 16.0 16.1 16.1
19.1 19.1 19.6 19.7 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.7 20.8 21.1 20.9
19.1 19.2 19.5 19.5 19.7 19.9 20.0 20.3 20.3 20.4 -
OECD 19.4 19.4 19.8 19.9 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.7 20.8 21.0 20.9
: OECD(2014), Health Data.
65 ()
-
132
(: )
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
17.4 17.6 17.8 18.1 18.3 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.9 19.1 19.1
16.3 16.4 16.8 17.0 17.3 17.5 17.7 17.6 17.9 18.1 18.1
15.8 15.9 16.5 16.6 17.0 17.3 17.3 17.5 17.6 18.0 17.7
17.0 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.9 18.0 18.2 18.3 18.6 18.8 -
15.9 15.9 15.9 16.2 16.7 16.2 17.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1
13.9 13.8 14.2 14.4 14.8 15.1 15.3 15.2 15.5 15.6 15.7
15.4 15.6 15.9 16.1 16.2 16.5 16.6 16.8 17.0 17.3 17.5
12.8 12.8 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.2 13.7 14.1 14.3 14.8 14.8
15.8 16.2 16.5 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.5 17.3 17.5 17.7 17.8
17.0 17.0 17.7 17.7 18.2 18.4 18.5 18.7 18.9 19.3 19.1
16.2 16.2 16.7 16.9 17.2 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.8 18.2 18.2
16.6 16.7 16.9 17.1 17.4 17.3 17.7 17.9 18.2 18.2 18.1
13.2 13.0 13.4 13.3 13.6 13.7 13.9 14.0 14.1 14.3 14.3
17.7 18.1 17.9 18.4 18.5 18.4 18.4 18.6 18.3 18.9 20.1
15.4 15.8 16.1 16.5 16.6 17.0 16.8 17.4 17.7 17.9 18.0
17.7 17.5 17.8 18.0 18.3 18.1 18.5 18.7 18.9 18.9 18.8
16.9 16.7 17.3 17.3 17.7 17.9 17.9 18.1 18.3 18.5 18.5
18.0 18.0 18.2 18.1 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.9 18.7 18.7 18.9
14.9 15.1 15.5 15.8 16.1 16.3 16.6 17.0 17.2 17.4 17.5
15.9 15.3 16.5 16.7 17.0 16.4 17.4 17.6 17.3 17.8 18.4
16.5 16.5 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.7 16.7
15.6 15.8 16.3 16.4 16.8 17.1 17.4 17.6 17.7 18.1 18.0
17.0 17.2 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.1 18.3 18.6 18.8 19.0 19.1
16.2 16.8 17.1 17.2 17.7 17.4 17.6 18.0 18.0 18.2 18.3
13.9 13.9 14.2 14.3 14.5 14.6 14.8 14.8 15.1 15.4 15.4
15.7 15.7 16.3 16.1 16.6 16.8 17.0 17.2 17.2 17.8 17.6
13.2 13.2 13.3 13.3 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.1 14.1 14.5 14.6
14.5 14.3 15.0 15.2 15.8 15.9 16.4 16.4 16.8 16.9 17.1
16.9 16.8 17.2 17.2 17.8 17.7 18.1 18.3 18.6 18.8 18.7
16.9 17.1 17.5 17.4 17.7 17.9 18.0 18.2 18.3 18.5 18.5
17.6 17.6 18.2 18.1 18.5 18.6 18.9 19.0 19.0 19.2 19.3
13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.9 13.9 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.1
16.2 16.3 16.7 17.0 17.3 17.5 17.6 18.0 18.2 18.5 18.5
16.2 16.4 16.7 16.8 17.0 17.2 17.3 17.7 17.7 17.8 -
OECD 15.9 15.9 16.3 16.4 16.7 16.8 17.0 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.6
: OECD(2014), Health Data.
65 ()
-
133
(: )
2000 2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012
70 74 73 71 74 61 71
69 72 71 69 73 62 69
69 72 71 67 73 64 69
70 73 72 69 73 65 71
68 70 70 70 72 64 68
66 70 69 70 71 64 66
68 72 70 72 72 67 69
63 66 67 72 71 68 63
69 72 71 72 73 68 69
70 73 72 74 74 68 69
69 73 71 73 73 69 70
69 72 71 74 73 69 69
63 66 66 73 69 69 63
71 74 72 74 73 70 72
68 73 71 74 73 70 70
69 73 72 73 73 70 71
70 74 73 75 74 70 71
73 76 75 74 75 71 70
68 71 73 73 77 71 72
69 73 72 75 73 71 70
66 67 67 76 69 71 65
69 73 71 75 72 71 70
69 73 72 74 73 71 71
69 73 71 74 72 72 70
65 67 67 75 71 71 64
68 71 71 74 73 72 69
65 67 67 74 70 72 64
67 71 70 74 73 72 67
70 74 73 75 75 72 71
70 74 72 75 73 73 71
71 75 73 76 74 73 71
61 66 65 76 67 71 63
69 72 71 75 72 72 70
68 70 70 76 71 73 68
OECD 68 72 71 78 72 73 69
: WHO(2014), Global Health Observatory Data Repository.
-
134
(: / 10 )
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
791 762 753 - 706 713 723 687 678 673 -
928 943 896 879 842 820 804 809 787 763 776
- 977 918 912 859 846 843 823 823 - -
833 819 799 787 754 753 741 718 701 690 -
951 951 948 920 878 890 827 848 884 824 -
1,246 1,279 1,210 1,191 1,120 1,086 1,055 1,055 1,026 1,004 997
1,063 1,040 1,001 972 967 957 929 923 901 858 837
1,441 1,417 1,365 1,329 1,302 1,275 1,198 1,134 1,090 1,031 1,015
967 942 898 875 856 851 829 821 815 789 788
850 870 789 794 748 730 725 713 701 679 -
941 952 899 889 854 837 835 827 811 787 785
1,000 1,002 985 952 915 928 881 850 820 802 -
1,393 1,417 1,361 1,371 1,302 1,294 1,246 1,232 1,217 1,185 1,194
824 812 784 773 774 764 765 749 - - -
1,038 995 956 914 909 878 857 853 775 - -
890 876 843 846 812 816 776 720 711 708 -
823 853 - - 751 746 734 723 699 - -
672 672 659 666 645 636 634 613 622 633 -
1,055 1,005 971 935 898 865 825 784 779 754 754
915 997 857 849 857 851 773 767 764 755 724
1,024 1,032 1,005 1,032 987 968 1,001 985 1,020 972 958
978 963 911 893 866 831 824 798 790 769 779
892 862 865 796 811 792 790 765 727 - -
928 880 843 827 814 816 801 783 775 762 764
1,221 1,234 1,195 1,182 1,148 1,139 1,117 1,107 1,055 1,020 1,021
1,039 1,044 - - - 914 883 864 846 796 813
1,341 1,352 1,292 1,316 1,284 1,265 1,222 1,195 1,189 - -
1,086 1,118 1,037 1,035 957 940 894 887 852 - -
850 865 812 821 765 770 751 728 704 697 694
875 850 826 818 801 794 783 764 757 744 752
790 802 754 749 721 713 697 694 679 - -
- - - - - - - 836 833 849 -
967 969 918 898 865 852 845 803 791 - -
964 950 913 910 885 873 855 826 823 - -
OECD 987 985 944 938 895 885 862 844 832 814 853
: OECD(2014), Health Data.
-
135
(: )
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.77 1.77 1.78 1.85 1.88 1.99 2.02 1.97 1.95 1.92 1.93
1.39 1.38 1.42 1.41 1.41 1.38 1.41 1.39 1.44 1.43 1.44
1.62 1.64 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.80 1.86 1.83 1.84 1.81 1.79
1.50 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.59 1.66 1.68 1.67 1.63 1.61 -
1.94 1.89 1.85 1.84 1.83 1.88 1.92 1.94 1.92 1.89 -
1.17 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.33 1.44 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.43 1.45
1.72 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.85 1.85 1.89 1.84 1.88 1.76 1.73
1.36 1.36 1.47 1.52 1.58 1.69 1.72 1.70 1.72 1.61 1.56
1.72 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.84 1.83 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.83 1.80
1.86 1.87 1.90 1.92 1.98 1.95 1.99 1.99 2.02 2.00 2.00
1.34 1.34 1.36 1.34 1.33 1.37 1.38 1.36 1.39 1.36 1.38
1.27 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.40 1.38 1.47 1.49 1.51 1.39 1.34
1.31 1.28 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.35 1.33 1.26 1.24 1.34
1.93 1.99 2.03 2.05 2.07 2.09 2.14 2.22 2.20 2.02 2.04
1.98 1.98 1.95 1.88 1.94 2.03 2.07 2.07 2.06 2.06 2.02
2.89 2.95 2.90 2.84 2.88 2.90 2.96 2.96 3.03 3.00 3.05
1.27 1.29 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.42 1.41 1.41 1.39 1.42
1.32 1.29 1.29 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.41
1.17 1.18 1.15 1.08 1.12 1.25 1.19 1.15 1.23 1.24 1.30
1.63 1.62 1.66 1.62 1.64 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.63 1.52 1.57
2.56 2.52 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.26 2.24
1.73 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.72 1.72 1.77 1.79 1.80 1.76 1.72
1.89 1.93 1.98 1.97 2.01 2.17 2.18 2.12 2.15 2.06 2.00
1.75 1.80 1.83 1.84 1.90 1.90 1.96 1.98 1.95 1.88 1.85
1.25 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.27 1.31 1.39 1.40 1.38 1.30 1.30
1.47 1.44 1.41 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.40 1.35 1.39 1.35 1.28
1.19 1.20 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.32 1.41 1.40 1.45 1.34
1.21 1.20 1.25 1.26 1.31 1.38 1.53 1.53 1.57 1.56 1.58
1.25 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.45 1.38 1.37 1.34 1.32
1.65 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.85 1.88 1.91 1.94 1.98 1.90 1.91
1.39 1.39 1.42 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.54 1.52 1.53
2.17 2.09 2.11 2.12 2.12 2.16 2.15 2.08 2.06 2.03 2.09
1.64 1.71 1.77 1.78 1.82 1.87 1.96 1.90 1.93 1.91 1.92
2.01 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.11 2.12 2.07 2.00 1.93 1.89 1.88
OECD 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.69 1.72 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.709 1.706
: OECD(2014), Family Database.
-
136
2.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
17.0 16.4 16.3 16.3 17.5 17.4 17.2 17.8 18.3 19.0 19.0
27.1 26.8 26.5 25.9 26.4 28.6 28.6 27.7 27.9 28.3 28.4
25.6 25.6 25.5 25.4 26.7 29.1 28.8 29.4 30.3 30.9 30.7
16.3 16.2 16.3 16.2 16.9 18.5 17.9 17.4 17.4 17.2 17.0
9.1 8.7 8.2 8.3 9.6 11.2 10.5 10.1 10.2 10.0 -
18.8 18.5 18.1 17.9 17.9 20.3 19.9 20.1 20.2 20.5 20.6
27.7 27.3 26.6 26.0 26.2 29.7 29.9 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.1
13.4 13.1 12.7 12.7 15.7 19.8 18.8 16.8 16.2 16.1 16.3
24.9 25.0 24.7 23.7 24.3 28.3 28.7 28.3 29.4 30.6 31.0
29.6 29.6 29.0 28.8 29.1 31.5 31.7 31.4 31.5 32.0 31.9
26.8 27.0 25.8 24.8 25.0 27.6 26.8 25.5 25.4 25.6 25.8
20.0 21.1 21.3 21.5 22.2 24.4 24.2 25.7 26.1 24.3 24.0
21.4 22.3 22.6 22.9 23.1 24.7 23.5 22.6 22.3 22.1 22.1
17.4 16.3 15.9 15.3 15.8 18.5 17.9 18.1 17.5 17.1 16.5
15.8 15.8 15.9 16.6 19.5 23.4 23.3 22.3 22.0 21.9 21.0
16.2 15.6 15.2 14.9 14.8 15.4 15.2 15.2 15.1 15.0 -
24.7 24.9 25.0 24.8 25.8 27.8 27.8 27.5 28.1 28.7 28.6
17.9 18.4 18.3 18.6 19.7 22.0 22.1 23.1 - - -
6.0 6.5 7.4 7.6 8.2 9.4 9.0 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.4
22.8 22.0 20.7 19.5 21.8 24.3 23.0 22.5 23.4 23.4 23.5
6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.9 - -
21.2 21.8 21.5 21.3 20.9 23.1 23.7 23.5 24.1 24.6 24.7
17.5 17.9 18.8 18.4 19.9 21.0 21.0 20.7 21.0 20.8 -
22.7 21.1 19.8 20.0 19.5 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.7 22.0 22.0
21.2 20.7 20.5 19.4 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.1 20.1 20.7 20.6
22.0 22.8 22.6 22.4 22.8 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.8 25.8 25.2
16.3 16.1 15.9 15.6 15.7 18.5 18.4 18.1 18.3 18.7 18.4
21.9 21.8 21.4 20.0 20.2 23.0 23.9 24.0 24.0 23.8 23.7
20.6 20.9 20.9 21.3 22.8 26.1 26.7 26.8 27.1 27.3 26.8
29.2 28.7 28.1 27.0 27.2 29.4 27.9 27.2 27.7 28.2 28.1
19.4 19.4 18.4 17.7 17.9 19.7 19.5 19.3 19.7 19.9 19.4
- 9.7 9.8 10.7 11.1 13.2 12.6 12.2 12.3 12.5 -
20.2 20.2 20.0 20.1 21.6 23.9 22.8 22.7 23.0 22.5 21.7
15.7 15.5 15.7 15.8 16.4 18.5 19.3 19.0 18.7 18.6 19.2
OECD 19.5 19.4 19.2 18.9 19.7 21.9 21.7 21.4 21.6 21.7 21.6
: OECD (2014), Social Expenditure Data
(: GDP %)
-
137
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
29.9 30.3 29.9 29.5 29.6 27.0 25.8 25.6 26.3 27.3 -
42.3 41.8 40.8 40.4 40.5 41.4 41.0 40.9 41.0 41.7 42.5
43.3 43.3 43.4 43.0 42.4 42.9 42.0 42.4 42.9 44.0 44.6
32.7 32.5 32.3 32.6 32.3 31.6 31.4 30.5 30.4 30.7 30.6
18.7 19.1 20.7 22.0 22.8 21.4 17.2 19.5 21.2 21.4 20.2
34.4 34.7 34.5 34.1 34.3 33.5 32.4 32.5 33.4 33.8 34.1
46.8 47.8 49.5 48.1 47.7 46.6 46.4 46.5 46.6 47.2 48.6
30.8 30.5 30.4 30.4 31.1 31.3 34.9 33.2 31.9 32.1 31.8
42.4 41.8 42.1 42.2 41.5 41.2 40.9 40.8 42.0 42.8 44.0
42.0 42.2 42.8 43.1 42.4 42.2 41.3 41.6 42.9 44.0 45.0
34.7 33.9 33.9 34.5 34.9 35.3 36.1 35.0 35.7 36.5 36.7
30.9 30.0 31.3 30.4 30.9 31.2 29.6 31.1 32.5 33.7 33.5
37.4 37.2 36.8 36.7 39.6 39.5 39.0 37.6 36.9 38.5 38.9
35.6 36.6 39.4 40.4 38.7 35.1 32.0 33.3 34.5 35.3 35.5
28.0 29.2 29.5 31.0 30.4 28.6 27.0 26.8 26.7 27.3 28.3
34.2 34.1 34.3 34.7 34.7 32.1 29.8 30.6 30.9 29.6 30.5
40.1 39.3 39.1 40.6 41.7 41.5 41.9 41.5 41.4 42.7 42.6
25.3 26.1 27.3 28.1 28.5 28.5 27.0 27.6 28.6 29.5 -
22.7 22.0 22.5 23.6 24.8 24.6 23.6 23.2 24.0 24.8 24.3
38.2 37.2 38.2 36.5 37.2 37.2 39.0 38.0 37.5 38.5 39.3
17.1 16.8 17.7 17.9 17.6 20.7 17.2 18.5 19.5 19.6 19.7
34.7 35.1 36.4 36.7 36.3 36.6 35.4 36.1 35.9 36.3 -
33.4 34.5 36.4 35.7 34.5 33.5 31.0 31.0 31.4 33.0 32.1
42.3 43.1 43.2 43.5 42.9 42.1 42.0 42.6 42.7 42.3 40.8
32.5 31.6 32.9 33.8 34.5 34.2 31.3 31.3 31.8 32.1 -
30.9 29.7 30.2 30.7 31.3 31.3 29.5 30.0 32.0 31.2 33.4
32.4 31.0 30.8 28.8 28.8 28.7 28.4 27.7 28.3 28.1 29.6
37.3 37.4 38.0 37.6 37.1 36.4 36.2 36.7 36.3 36.5 36.8
33.2 34.2 35.2 36.0 36.4 32.2 29.8 31.4 31.2 32.1 32.6
45.4 45.6 46.6 45.9 44.9 43.9 44.0 43.1 42.3 42.3 42.8
26.8 26.5 26.5 26.4 26.1 26.7 27.1 26.5 27.0 26.9 27.1
25.9 24.1 24.3 24.5 24.1 24.2 24.6 26.2 27.8 27.6 29.3
32.9 33.4 33.8 34.4 34.1 34.0 32.3 32.8 33.6 33.0 32.9
24.6 24.7 26.1 26.8 26.9 25.4 23.3 23.7 24.0 24.4 25.4
OECD 33.5 33.4 34.0 34.1 34.2 33.6 32.7 32.8 33.3 33.7 34.1
: GDP (+) .
: OECD(2014), Revenue Statistics.
(Tax Revenue)
(: GDP %)
-
138
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
28.25 28.19 28.51 28.28 27.70 26.93 26.75 26.83 26.65 27.21 27.41
47.38 48.27 48.14 48.45 48.76 49.03 47.95 48.17 48.54 48.84 49.12
55.74 55.43 55.51 55.49 55.56 55.88 55.65 55.93 56.09 55.99 55.80
31.68 31.87 31.87 31.76 31.27 31.27 30.53 30.42 30.67 30.82 31.06
7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
43.21 43.52 43.73 42.53 42.88 43.44 42.01 42.13 42.60 42.46 42.38
42.36 41.03 40.92 40.99 41.12 40.90 39.53 38.30 38.43 38.55 38.24
42.32 41.47 39.92 39.03 39.01 38.38 39.17 40.09 40.26 40.41 39.90
44.77 44.22 44.39 44.02 43.88 43.84 42.50 42.29 42.35 42.56 43.12
50.11 50.30 50.51 49.75 49.75 49.76 49.84 49.90 49.96 50.13 48.92
53.20 52.24 52.13 52.31 51.80 51.34 50.79 49.05 49.68 49.63 49.33
39.91 41.44 41.25 42.27 42.06 41.50 41.29 40.06 43.19 42.91 41.56
50.76 51.74 51.07 51.92 54.53 54.10 53.10 46.61 49.49 49.52 49.03
31.52 31.93 32.05 31.76 30.54 30.94 30.53 33.36 34.08 33.40 33.45
24.39 24.06 23.47 22.97 22.23 22.30 24.74 25.83 25.82 25.91 26.60
27.66 26.44 25.52 24.32 24.93 22.90 21.30 20.72 20.79 20.39 20.66
45.97 46.28 45.91 46.05 46.39 46.65 46.79 47.17 47.56 47.70 47.78
27.36 27.34 27.74 28.79 29.31 29.47 29.18 30.23 30.85 31.28 31.64
16.40 17.05 17.31 18.16 19.72 19.98 19.47 20.15 20.50 21.05 21.41
33.47 33.87 34.72 35.32 36.31 34.66 33.87 34.33 36.25 35.92 37.01
16.72 15.23 14.69 15.01 15.92 15.06 15.31 15.53 18.71 18.99 19.22
37.17 38.83 38.92 38.40 38.67 39.20 38.02 38.10 38.03 38.72 36.94
19.46 19.71 20.03 20.44 21.08 20.51 18.07 16.99 15.87 16.39 16.89
38.09 38.15 37.25 37.42 37.54 37.59 37.30 37.29 37.59 37.42 37.34
38.24 38.44 38.70 38.95 38.16 34.69 34.12 34.21 34.32 35.51 35.56
37.37 37.40 36.80 37.52 37.33 36.95 36.54 37.13 38.00 37.60 41.15
42.51 42.16 38.01 38.30 38.44 38.84 37.72 37.92 38.83 39.62 41.13
46.16 46.28 45.55 45.29 43.29 42.88 42.24 42.54 42.65 42.50 42.34
38.58 38.81 38.97 39.11 38.99 37.99 38.26 39.75 39.99 40.62 40.66
48.23 48.40 48.05 47.75 45.32 44.81 43.23 42.76 42.81 42.86 42.93
22.43 22.21 22.22 22.11 22.40 21.86 21.98 22.10 22.32 21.95 21.99
42.20 42.76 42.80 42.69 42.74 39.86 37.40 37.88 38.17 38.38 38.64
33.8 33.92 33.94 33.98 34.12 32.78 32.41 32.58 32.46 32.10 31.48
29.89 29.85 29.75 29.88 30.27 29.85 30.05 30.46 29.66 29.82 31.33
OECD 36.30 36.35 36.10 36.12 36.15 35.68 35.14 35.11 35.59 35.71 35.85
: 1) .
2) () .
: OECD(2014), Taxing wages.
(Tax Wedge)
(: %)
-
139
(: %, USD)
SSC SSC 1)
55.8 22.0 10.8 23.0 72,974
49.3 16.0 17.1 16.2 68,962
22.0 10.2 5.9 5.9 68,317
37.3 18.9 6.9 11.5 67,289
49.1 12.6 14.0 22.6 64,980
37.0 15.1 11.0 11.0 64,680
36.9 14.3 14.2 8.4 63,585
48.9 10.4 9.8 28.7 61,648
42.9 13.7 5.3 23.9 59,649
43.1 18.4 6.2 18.6 57,406
31.5 13.3 8.5 9.8 56,797
27.4 21.8 0.0 5.6 55,766
31.6 6.7 12.2 12.8 54,790
31.3 15.4 7.0 8.9 53,223
47.8 16.3 7.2 24.3 52,080
21.4 4.6 7.5 9.3 51,895
38.2 35.8 2.7 0.0 51,772
40.7 12.8 4.9 23.0 49,723
33.4 25.9 0.4 7.1 48,334
26.6 13.3 3.6 9.7 44,494
31.1 13.7 6.6 10.8 43,643
41.6 7.1 12.9 21.5 40,650
16.9 16.9 0.0 0.0 36,381
41.1 13.1 8.9 19.2 35,511
38.6 11.6 12.9 14.2 34,293
42.3 9.4 19.0 13.9 34,282
20.7 8.4 7.5 4.8 34,046
42.4 8.8 8.2 25.4 30,096
49.0 12.5 14.4 22.2 29,465
39.9 13.0 1.5 25.4 28,430
35.6 5.9 15.3 14.4 26,822
41.1 7.1 10.2 23.8 25,867
7.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 18,989
19.2 7.5 1.2 10.5 13,964
: 1) (USD) . 2) () .
: OECD(2014), Taxing wages.
(2013)
-
140
(: %)
27.4 16.9
49.1 38.4
55.8 41.0
31.1 18.7
7.0 7.0
42.4 20.5
38.2 27.6
39.9 32.3
43.1 38.1
48.9 41.6
49.3 33.8
41.6 44.5
49.0 34.1
33.4 19.1
26.6 6.8
20.7 17.4
47.8 38.2
31.6 26.1
21.4 19.0
37.0 14.3
19.2 19.2
36.9 30.8
16.9 2.4
37.3 31.2
35.6 29.8
41.1 29.8
41.1 27.6
42.3 23.1
40.7 34.8
42.9 37.7
22.0 9.5
38.6 37.4
31.5 27.0
31.3 20.3
OECD 35.9 26.4
: OECD(2014), Taxing wages.
(2013)
-
141
3.
1988
4,432,695 58,583 4,431,039 - - 1,370 286
3,076,928 - 3,075,813 - - 854 261
1,355,767 - 1,355,226 - - 516 25
2001
16,277,826 250,729 5,951,918 5,704,389 4,475,722 29,982 115,815
11,251,239 - 4,229,393 4,126,654 2,825,589 4,108 65,495
5,026,587 - 1,722,525 1,577,735 1,650,133 25,874 50,320
2003
17,181,778 423,032 6,958,794 5,399,355 4,564,879 23,983 234,767
11,300,507 - 4,732,851 3,729,122 2,699,053 4,835 134,646
5,881,271 - 2,225,943 1,670,233 1,865,826 19,148 100,121
2005
17,124,449 646,805 7,950,493 4,489,216 4,634,459 26,568 23,713
11,061,739 - 5,323,606 2,971,503 2,751,152 6,346 9,132
6,062,710 - 2,626,887 1,517,713 1,883,307 20,222 14,581
2007
18,266,742 856,178 9,149,209 3,956,340 5,106,803 27,242 27,148
11,462,183 - 5,981,796 2,525,462 2,939,611 6,911 8,403
6,804,559 - 3,167,413 1,430,878 2,167,192 20,331 18,745
2009
18,623,845 979,861 9,866,681 3,627,597 5,052,264 36,368 40,935
11,409,767 - 6,304,399 2,230,372 2,853,147 9,115 12,734
7,214,078 - 3,562,282 1,397,225 2,199,117 27,253 28,201
2011
19,885,911 1,103,570 10,976,501 3,775,873 4,899,557 171,134 62,846
11,769,499 - 6,826,308 2,179,663 2,714,760 29,713 19,055
8,116,412 - 4,150,193 1,596,210 2,184,797 141,421 43,791
2012
20,329,060 1,196,427 11,464,198 3,903,217 4,665,179 207,890 88,576
11,824,156 - 7,032,157 2,179,069 2,556,121 32,682 24,127
8,504,904 - 4,432,041 1,724,148 2,109,058 175,208 64,449
2013
20,744,780 1,290,557 11,935,759 3,938,993 4,575,441 177,569 117,018
11,947,691 - 7,265,517 2,149,149 2,470,993 28,507 33,525
8,797,089 - 4,670,242 1,789,844 2,104,448 149,062 83,493
: (2014), .
(: )
-
142
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
12,617 12,387 12,490 12,804 13,160 13,310 13,572 14,129 14,986 15,664 16,169
8,601 8,347 8,311 8,406 8,523 8,529 8,557 8,732 9,055 9,268 9,476
4,015 4,040 4,179 4,398 4,637 4,781 5,015 5,397 5,932 6,396 6,692
18~19
68 57 52 46 45 40 41 55 77 93 98
22 19 17 15 16 15 16 23 35 45 50
45 38 36 31 29 25 25 32 42 48 48
20~24
823 789 737 703 653 582 563 575 616 650 671
277 269 247 237 220 193 188 198 219 238 250
546 521 490 466 433 389 375 376 396 412 420
25~29
1,566 1,590 1,622 1,702 1,779 1,811 1,763 1,733 1,701 1,643 1,602
930 920 917 946 977 982 943 922 901 859 837
635 670 705 756 802 829 820 811 801 784 764
30~34
2,006 1,946 1,903 1,873 1,874 1,821 1,839 1,929 2,058 2,161 2,237
1,486 1,412 1,349 1,300 1,273 1,224 1,211 1,251 1,313 1,359 1,399
520 534 554 573 601 598 628 678 745 802 837
35~39
1,954 1,947 1,978 2,059 2,124 2,124 2,121 2,124 2,133 2,153 2,119
1,462 1,431 1,431 1,461 1,487 1,470 1,446 1,420 1,398 1,384 1,363
492 516 547 598 637 654 675 704 735 769 756
40~44
2,065 1,996 1,953 1,932 1,953 2,028 2,101 2,204 2,377 2,497 2,535
1,505 1,436 1,382 1,348 1,331 1,360 1,383 1,420 1,488 1,540 1,554
559 560 571 583 622 668 719 784 889 957 981
45~49
1,704 1,757 1,842 1,952 2,033 2,051 2,077 2,118 2,197 2,292 2,422
1,224 1,248 1,291 1,348 1,380 1,373 1,361 1,346 1,356 1,371 1,423
480 510 551 604 653 678 716 772 841 921 998
50~54
1,186 1,216 1,321 1,446 1,550 1,681 1,817 1,983 2,212 2,394 2,463
856 870 930 1,003 1,059 1,131 1,195 1,264 1,361 1,431 1,445
330 346 391 443 492 549 622 719 851 963 1,018
55~59
983 1,017 1,058 1,069 1,121 1,139 1,208 1,359 1,553 1,691 1,901
690 711 737 741 771 771 801 872 966 1,017 1,118
294 306 321 328 350 368 407 487 587 674 782
60
264 72 24 22 27 33 41 49 63 89 117
149 32 9 7 8 9 13 16 19 24 33
115 40 15 15 19 24 28 34 44 64 83
: (2014), .
(: )
-
143
3,653,113 2,840,660 75,041 2,993 536,161 180,233 18,235
2,172,926 1,964,562 63,598 2,491 43,985 89,129 9,320
1,480,187 876,098 11,443 502 492,176 91,104 8,915
5
133 - - - 110 18 0
80 - - - 70 9 0
53 - - - 40 9 0
5~9
1,437 - - - 1,331 97 5
694 - - - 639 52 1
743 - - - 692 45 4
10~
14
5,031 - - - 4,602 413 36
2,593 - - - 2,359 226 20
2,438 - - - 2,243 187 16
15~
19
11,798 - 0 0 10,693 958 248
6,135 - 0 0 5,598 465 126
5,663 - 0 0 5,095 493 122
20~
24
3,817 - 27 18 236 1,944 1,605
2,059 - 15 15 112 1,021 819
1,758 - 12 3 124 923 786
25~
29
11,559 - 364 70 567 8,316 2,296
7,123 - 243 53 93 5,597 1,242
4,436 - 121 17 474 2,719 1,054
30~
34
18,251 - 1,764 199 2,172 12,064 2,001
11,476 - 1,238 141 319 8,659 1,086
6,775 - 526 58 1,853 3,405 915
35~
39
20,347 - 3,592 282 5,877 9,811 872
10,796 - 2,830 229 594 6,751 524
9,551 - 762 53 5,283 3,060 348
40~
44
33,227 - 6,607 386 16,173 9,261 805
13,754 - 5,734 336 1,060 6,221 409
19,473 - 873 50 15,113 3,040 396
45~
49
48,585 - 9,319 495 30,452 6,870 1,595
14,568 - 8,375 432 1,343 3,759 774
34,017 - 944 63 29,109 3,111 821
50~
54
79,834 - 14,291 794 55,629 6,539 2,748
19,732 - 12,652 686 1,896 3,285 1,221
60,102 - 1,639 108 53,733 3,254 1,527
55~
59
225,252 124,139 16,092 662 77,535 4,393 2,403
107,820 87,242 13,930 533 2,215 2,576 1,339
117,432 36,897 2,162 129 75,320 1,817 1,064
60~
64
1,122,615 905,608 10,478 85 87,119 118,025 1,192
718,859 656,739 8,555 65 2,825 49,912 713
403,756 248,869 1,923 20 84,294 68,113 479
65~
69
1,013,342 913,122 7,592 2 91,252 490 817
639,297 627,679 6,183 1 4,691 269 418
374,045 285,443 1,409 1 86,561 221 399
70~
74
729,728 638,446 3,874 0 86,290 363 695
440,001 429,459 3,081 0 6,973 137 321
289,727 208,987 793 0 79,317 226 374
75~
79
257,976 210,033 906 0 46,109 385 523
141,775 134,445 677 0 6,299 129 192
116,201 75,588 229 0 39,810 256 331
80
70,181 49,312 135 0 20,014 286 394
36,164 28,998 85 0 6,899 61 115
34,017 20,314 50 0 13,115 225 279
: (2014), .
(2013)
(: )
-
1999
1,249,257
3,871,969,097
175,572
299,592,241
16,906
45,739,771
1,944
11,887,377
89,929
132,018,371
962,578
3,378,751,585
2,328
3,979,753
2000
927,545
1,607,034,932
482,042
651,367,677
21,914
70,098,235
2,170
15,799,154
114,276
203,051,882
304,127
662,419,679
3,016
4,298,305
2001
948,164
1,569,256,860
602,197
973,629,644
27,456
83,583,377
2,469
18,285,821
140,915
243,929,303
170,542
243,444,500
4,585
6,384,217
2002
1,052,327
1,915,254,978
717,488
1,254,729,855
32,876
103,849,013
2,194
16,418,591
166,266
293,950,328
129,239
238,684,803
4,264
7,622,389
2003
1,169,441
2,328,449,084
819,800
1,533,339,190
39,727
131,920,812
2,853
21,977,723
192,887
352,651,252
108,740
278,232,520
5,434
10,327,587
2004
1,533,059
2,914,014,770
1,156,098
1,987,450,647
47,260
163,629,119
3,609
29,297,315
220,725
417,886,255
99,750
303,193,832
5,617
12,557,603
2005
1,757,674
3,584,900,642
1,349,626
2,531,536,045
54,467
193,930,965
4,147
35,713,586
247,588
484,576,517
96,078
324,884,938
5,768
14,258,591
2006
1,985,502
4,360,238,974
1,517,649
3,103,160,541
61,762
225,607,063
4,898
44,239,536
279,358
570,601,184
115,394
400,673,755
6,441
15,956,895
2007
2,244,477
5,182,610,821
1,731,560
3,857,708,922
67,091
245,877,485
5,167
48,325,466
311,868
645,401,195
121,200
368,373,558
7,591
16,924,195
2008
2,517,579
6,180,803,696
1,949,867
4,765,527,612
72,166
268,100,552
4,902
47,920,508
344,593
731,357,801
137,654
348,026,409
8,397
19,870,814
2009
2,770,344
7,471,933,936
2,149,168
5,814,824,736
74,535
287,016,089
3,836
40,940,200
378,927
844,649,421
154,119
460,476,121
9,759
24,027,369
2010
2,975,336
8,635,467,327
2,330,128
6,861,876,308
76,280
296,304,705
3,447
37,299,185
414,241
949,238,982
141,347
465,122,763
9,893
25,625,384
2011
3,166,983
9,819,295,640
2,489,614
7,905,179,613
75,895
305,547,438
3,480
41,918,922
449,735
1,062,312,051
136,628
475,050,810
11,631
29,286,806
2012
3,499,522
11,550,754,573
2,748,455
9,327,086,191
75,934
314,462,857
2,862
34,653,608
485,822
1,195,694,146
175,716
648,045,442
10,733
30,812,329
2013
3,6
33
,77
01
3,1
12
,75
1,4
19
2,8
40
,66
0
10
,705
,59
4,3
20
75
,04
13
26,1
67
,915
2,9
93
38
,736
,64
05
24,9
92
1,3
30
,21
0,5
62
17
9,4
40
67
9,1
44
,836
10
,64
43
2,8
97
,146
:
(2014), .
(
:
,
)
-
145
2000 73,662,467 52,313,268 21,336,267 335 0 0 12,597
2001 90,373,579 64,382,249 25,976,113 335 0 0 14,882
2002 109,555,488 78,200,241 31,337,543 335 0 0 17,369
2003 131,531,118 93,811,148 37,701,844 335 0 0 17,791
2004 155,487,273 110,954,495 44,395,425 335 119,195 0 17,823
2005 182,459,726 129,498,079 52,698,688 335 243,609 0 19,015
2006 213,154,486 149,650,383 63,076,037 335 379,827 28,556 19,348
2007 248,553,526 171,320,564 76,668,250 335 516,799 27,750 19,828
2008 280,901,814 194,306,104 86,011,340 335 535,664 27,835 20,536
2009 313,251,653 218,164,254 94,484,016 335 554,860 27,652 20,536
2010 351,872,834 243,449,560 107,809,942 335 565,038 27,422 20,537
2011 393,053,871 270,884,167 121,542,196 335 575,761 30,875 20,537
2012 437,979,028 301,011,892 136,329,385 335 586,199 30,680 20,537
2013 484,108,730 332,918,589 150,540,538 335 596,348 32,383 20,537
: (2014), .
(: )
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
()
557,771
(-9.9%)
503,283
(-9.8%)
446,245
(-11.3%)
375,752
(-15.8%)
343,079
(-8.7%)
354,473
(3.3%)
()
1,458,911
(14.5%)
1,698,839
(16.4%)
1,891,086
(11.3%)
2,176,857
(15.1%)
2,373,093
(9.0%)
2,405,030
(1.3%)
2,016,682
(6.6%)
2,202,122
(9.2%)
2,3
