TCP/IP (

20021220

1OSI2TCP/IP3IP456

7654321 1OSI

L1L2L3L1L2L3L1L2L3L1L2L3L4L5L6L7L4L5L6L7

37

3 L3L2L1L7L6L5L4L3L2L1L3L2L1 L1L2L3L1L2L3L4L5L6L7 //

AB

AB 222 3 131313

PSA UA PSA UA PSC UC LC PSD UD LD 3PSX UX LX V CPX DCBACPDCPCCPBCPACPCDCPBCCPAB

121212

AB 1011000110101010APDUPPDUSPDU(segment)(packet) (frame)(bits)

TCPTransmission Control Protocol4 IPInternet Protocol 3) TCP/IP3OSI OSITCP/IP 76543212HUB 802.3 2TCP/IP347MACIP

TCP34IPTCP TCP/IP 1TCP/IP

TFTP FTP NFSSMTP Telnet rlogin SNMP DNS

2TCP/IPTCP/IP TCP UDP

TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol

TCPTCP12 16 16 32 32 4 6 6 16 16 16 0-32 Source Port) Destination Port) Sequence Number Acknowledgement NumberTCP HLEN Reserved0 Code BitsTCP Window Checksum Urgent Pointer OptionTCP Data

TCP/UDPFTPTelnetSMTPDNSTFTPSNMP2123255369161TCP UDP TCPUDP TCPUDP RFC1700 TCPUDP * 255 * 255~1023 * 1023

TCP/UDPABTelnet B =23 Telnet 1028 23 TCP/UDP TCPTelnet 1023

TCPABTelnet BSYN SEQ=XSYN SEQ=XSYN SEQ=YACK=X+1 SYN SEQ=YACK=X+1 ACK=Y+1 ACK=Y+1 TCP XY TCPSEQACK

TCPABTelnet BFIN SEQ=XFINSEQ=X ACK=X+1 ACK=Y+1 ACK=Y+1 TCPBFIN FINACK=X+1FINSEQ=YACK=X+1 FINSEQ=YACK=X+1

UDPUDPUser Datagram Protocol)5 16 16 16 16 Source Port) Destination Port) HLEN Checksum Data

UDPACKUDPUDPTFTPSNMPNFSDNSUDP

3TCP/IPTCP/IP IPICMPARPRARP IP

ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol) IP

ARPAddress Resolution Protocol) IP MAC

RARPReverse Address Resolution Protocol) MAC IP

IPIP14 4 4 8 16 16 3 8 6 IP IP IP 8 16 32 32 var VERS HLEN=32bits Type of Service Total Length IdentificationFlagsFrag Offset MTU TTL ProtocolTCP=6UDP=17 Header Checksum IPSource and Destination IP AddressIP IPIP Options Data

ICMP1ICMPInternet ProtocolError and Control Messages 2ICMP Destination unreachable Time exceeded Parameter problem Source quench Redirect Echo Echo reply Timestamp Timestamp reply Information request Information reply Address request Address reply3ICMPIP

ICMPBPing BICMP ICMP BBPing BICMP ping 3123ICMPTTL0AABB

ARP1ABABIP ABMAC

IPAB ABBIPB

MAC IPBMAC B ABIP BMACBIP IPMAC

MACIPMAC IPInternetIPMAC

2 ABIPBMAC ARPAddress Resolution ProtocolIP MAC 1ABABA MAC B MAC B IP B MACARP requestARP reply ABMACARP request

B ARP request IP MACARP reply AB AIPMACARP cache

AARP replyBIPMAC ARP cacheB

2ABABA MAC MAC B IP B MACARP requestARP reply ABMACARP request ABIP ABIP BARP request ARPMACAAARP replyBIP MACARP cacheAB BIPMAC

3 ABMACARP request BMACB B

ARP cacheIPMAC

4ARP cache ARP requestIPMAC ARP request IPMAC ARP cacheIP MAC

5ARP ABBIP ARP cacheB ABMACARP request ARP reply BIPMACARP cacheB

ABRouter 1Router 2Router 3BIP Router 1 MAC Router 2 MAC BIP Router 3 MAC BIP B MAC BIPARP ABMAC A IPMAC

RARP1 RARPReverse Address Resolution Protocol MACIP

2 RARPIP IP IPIPRARP RARP RARPIP

3 RARP RARP MACRARP

4AAMAC AIP AMAC AIP RARP requestARP replyBCRARPIPIP202.120.5.3

4TCP/IPFDDIIP ICMPARP RARPARP RARPTCP UDP SMTPFTPTFTPTelnetSNMPDNSotherWLAN

5 t f s t e t m f l p t t n p p e t 23212569UDPTCP 6 17 IPMACTYPEDSAP MAC TYPEDASPDestination Service Access PointIP TCPUDP

MACIP

1MAC OSI2

2IP OSI3 3IP

IPIP 32bits4IPNetwork ID Host ID IP / 32Bits8Bits8Bits8Bits8Bits 202 . 112 . 0 . 36IP4

11001010 0111000 00000000 00100110

InterNICIPABC 3 A224 B216 C28AEDC07831151623241101110110B10110IP 5 ABCDE

IP0000000011111111 (direct broadcast) =+1 211.80.129.255 12

IP 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000000003

IP 01111111 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX (loopback address)A 127IP 127.any.any.any 127.0.0.1 :=1

6 11111111 11111111 11111111

D 11100000 00000000 00000000 00000000

ABC : 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 IP IP () Internet IGMP 11101111 11111111 11111111 11111111224.0.0.0239.255.255.255

IPABC 3

1A 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255 16B 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255 256C 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255

IP IP NATIP

1 1202.120.1.0 2202.120.2.0 3202.120.3.0 C IP 202.120.1.1 202.120.1.2 202.120.1.3 202.120.1.4 202.120.3.1 202.120.3.2 202.120.3.3 202.120.2.1 202.120.2.2 202.120.2.3

2

C

xx xxxxxxC

3

1

0 0 1 1 = 0 = 1 1 2

7

= 0 = 1 6

x xxxxxxxC xxxxxxx xC

IP 10 CIPCIP 20211246652552552550

CIP 110010100111100000000011011 000111111111100000202.120.3.99 = 0112021203 992552552552241111111111111111111 = IP 110010100111100000000011011 00000 2021203 96 + 202.120.3.99255.255.255.224 202.120.3.99/27271

C2-6 2=0=1 2 = 0 = 1 IP 3323-2 = 6 25-2 = 30

xxx xxxxxC 0000010100111001011101116123 11111111 11111111 11111111 111 00000255.255.255.224271

3CIP 1=001 202.120.1.32/27 202.120.1.33 202.120.1.34 202.120.1.35 202.120.1.33 2=010 202.120.1.64/27 202.120.1.65 202.120.1.66 202.120.1.67 202.120.1.973=011202.120.1.96/27 202.120.1.98 202.120.1.99

41

2

3IP IP 4IP IP

3A1B 202.120.1.33 27271 202.120.1.32 FE0 BMAC 1=001 202.120.1.32/27 202.120.1.33 202.120.1.34 202.120.1.35 202.120.1.33 2=010 202.120.1.64/27 202.120.1.65 202.120.1.66 202.120.1.67 202.120.1.973=011202.120.1.96/27 202.120.1.98 202.120.1.99321ABFE0FE1FE2 202.120.1.32/27 FE0 202.120.1.64/27 FE1 202.120.1.96/27 FE2

2

(Static Route)

(Dynamic Route)

Default Route stub/

1

RIP Routing Information Protocol OSPFOpen Shortest Path First Protocol BGP4Border Gateway Protocol v4 CERENTChinaNet

2

3 Distance Vector RIP Link State OSPF Hybrid Routing IS-ISCisco Enhanced IGRP

1 30

WXYZABC A1A2B1B2C1C2WA1 0XA2 0XB1 0YB2 0YC1 0 ZC2 0

WXYZABC A1A2B1B2C1C2WA1 0XA2 0XB1 0YB2 0YC1 0 ZC2 0YA2 1B1 1WXC1 1WC12ZB2 1ZA2 2

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2XD2 2 XB1 2CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1D

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2XD2 2 XB1 2CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1XA3 1EXED

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2XD2 2 XB1 2CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1EAAD

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1BDD

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1DCCDDXD14

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E1DDAAXD14XA1 5

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 3A3E1E2DBEXADCBXD14XB1 6XA1 5XE1 6

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 7A3E1E2DCBB=3=67XD14XB1 6XA1 5XE1 6

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 7A3E1E2DD=8XD18XB1 6XA1 5XE1 6

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 7A3E1E2DA=9XD18XB1 6XA1 9XE1 6

XABE A1A2D1D2C1C2 CB1B2 XC2 7A3E1E2DBE=10ABCDXD18XB1 10XA1 9XE1 10

=16

15

2 LSALink State AdvertisementSPFSPF 5

LSA LSA LSA SPF SPF SPF

LSASPF

SPFShortest Path FirstDijkstra

A22341442132122334142 COST = 108/bit/s 10MCOST = 108 / 10,000,000 = 10 COST

P A T A A A22341442132122334142 0 A A A A B C D E F G P T T T T T T 0 2 4 1

A0A SPF ABDFA FAF FF 8888SPF

A22341442132122334142 0 A A A F A B C D E F G P T T T T P T 0 2 4 1 3

FSPFFA FAF 1F1 FG2AG 1 + 2 = 3F ABDG BBBA 88SPF 1

AF22341442132122334142 0 A B A A F A B C D E F G P P T T T P T 0 2 5 4 1 3

BSPFBA BB2 BC3AG 2 + 3 = 5B BG4AG 2 + 4 = 6AG3 ACDG GG 8SPF 21

BAF22341442132122334142 0 A B A A F A B C D E F G P P T T T P P 0 2 5 4 1 3

GSPFGF GG3 GD2AD 3 + 2 = 5AD4 ACDD D 8SPF 212

BAFG22341442132122334142 0 A B A D A F A B C D E F G P P T P T P P 0 2 5 4 7 1 3

DSPFDA DD4 DC2AC 4 + 2 = 6AC4 DE3AE 4 + 3 = 7AC7 D ACEC C SPF 2124

BADFG22341442132122334142 0 A B A D A F A B C D E F G P P P P T P P 0 2 5 4 7 1 3

CSPFCB CC5 CE4AE 5 + 4 = 9AE7 AEE = 7 E SPF 21243

BACDFG22341442132122334142 0 A B A D A F A B C D E F G P P P P P P P 0 2 5 4 7 1 3

ESPFED SPF SPF 212433

OSPFOSPFAREA0 1AREA1 2AREA2 3AREA3 IP

51 3 2-4 34

2

OSI2Ethernet IP OSI OSI IEEE802 .2 LLCIEEE802 .3 802 . 5FDDI802 .3 802 .5 FDDI 802 .2 LLC LAN

: IEEE802.3CSMA/CD30%40%broadcast network 50/UTP : :10/100/1000/10000 Mbps 64bytes - 1514bytes/IEEE802.3

100Mbps10Base-T10345200Mbps205

1Gbps 1Gbps 64-1518 CSMA/CD, 2Gbps

1 twisted pair 8UTP Cat310 Mbps Cat5100 Mbps 100 m10-5

2 : 01 50 185 m500 m

(3) 300MHz~450MHz 100km 75 HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coax) 450MHZ ~ 550MHZ 550MHZ ~ 750MHZ

(4) 2 km 10 km 5

ACA

/IEEE802.3ABCD

CSMA/CDABCD

1 CSMA CSMA/CDCarrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection CSMA/CDIEEE802.3

1-CSMAIEEE802.31 - CSMA/CD

CSMA,

2 JAM , 16

JAMBackoff>16Backoff ti T t = Random0~2i-1* T

a b c MACd e /

CRCYYNNNNYCRCYY

CSMA/CD 1 IP HUB //HUB//HUB

HUB 2 /HUBHUB2 LAN

1M205MX9X10100M100M

FE1FE0FE2 MAC 00 10 3C 2B AC 9802 12 43 57 AD B801 20 03 DF E0 0200 10 3C 2B AC 98 FE102 12 43 57 AD B8 FE201 20 03 DF E0 02 FE0 HUB CAMContent-Addressable Memory MAC MAC

VLAN1VLAN VLAN VLAN

VLAN VLAN VLAN

VLAN VLANVLAN IP VLAN

VLANOSI23VLANVLANVLANMAC IPVLANIEEE802.10IEEE802.1Q (19963) dot1qISL (Cisco) VLAN

VLANVLAN1VLAN2VLAN3TrunkTrunk TrunkVLAN1

VLAN VLANVLANVLAN

VLAN VLAN VLANVLAN VLAN VLAN202.120.6.0202.120.23.0202.120.34.0321

VLAN

VLAN MACIPVLAN VLAN

6OSI2Ethernet IP WAN-Wide Area Networklong haul network OSI 23X.25 OSI

802 .3 802 .5 FDDI 802 .2 LLC LANHDLC PPP LAPBSDLCV.24 EIA/TIA-232 V.35 EIA/TIA-449 G.703 EIA-530 HSSIWAN

SWCOCO SW SW SWCSU/DSUCSU/DSU DTE DCECSU/DSUV.35/G.703V.35/G.703DTU 2703 MODEMMODEMDTU 2703CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit / Data Service Unit /DTE Data Terminal Equipment DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment

121 CSU/DSU2 X.25 PSTNISDN

/ DDN T1/E1 T1/E3 PSTN ISDN 56 X.25 ATM SMDS

2

1SVCSwitched Virtual Circuit

2PVCPermanent Virtual Circuit

1.SDLC (Synchronons Data Link Control SNA,SDLC

HDLC -High Level Data Link Control SDLCHDLCSDLCHDLCHDLC32SDLCLAPLink Access Procedure)CCITTHDLCLAPBLink Access Procedure Balanced

LAPLAPB Link Access Procedure BalancedLAPLAPBHDLCX.25SLIP-Serial Line Internet Protocol)PPP-Point-to-Point Protocol)SLIPPPPIP

PPPSLIP

2. 1)DHCP

(PSTN- Pablic Switch Telephone Network),PSTN115.2Kbps

PSTNPSTNCOM1-COM4ModemModemPSTNModem

Modem

2) ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) ADSLxDSL xDSL ADSLSDSLHDSLIDSL VDSLADSLADSL4.4KHZ-1MHZ : 1.5Mbps-8Mbps : 512Kbps-1Mbps 5.5 Km

ADSL ModemADSLPSTN 3Cabel ModemCabel Modem CATV MCNS DOSSISCabel Modem

: 3Mbps-Mbps/38Mbps : 31.2Kbps - 10Mbps42.2Cabel ModemCATVHFC, 4DDN Digital Data Network)

T1 1.544Mbps E1 2.048Mbps64KbpsDDN64K128K256K512Kbps...,2.048MbpsDDNDDN

DDNDDNPPP HDLC

4)X.25 PSDN-Packet Switched Data NetworkPacketX.25X.25 X.25X.25 X.25 : X.21bis

(LAPB) PLP-Packet Lever ProtocolX.25: X.3 PAD-Packet Assembly Disassembly) X.28 PAD X.29 X.32 PAD X.75X.25 X.121

X.12115

IP - DNIC- DCC- (460)DCC 23NTN-

X1-8 - X9-10 - X.259.6Kbps - 64Kbps

5)Frame RelayFrame Relay X.25X.25X.25Frame RelayX.25X.2564Kbps-2.048Mbps

OSI,,, I.122 I.431 Q.922 Q.931 TISI/902464Kbps - 34Mbps 64kbps - 2Mbps,

PVC /SVC /ATM

6ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network) ISDNISDNPRI ()PRIPrimary Rate Interface 30B+D 23B+D() B D BRIBasic Rate Interface 2B+D

ISDN 2B+D 128Kbps - 144Kbps (PRI) 23B+D 1.544Mbps T1) 30B+D 2.048Mbps (E1)

2.4GHZ-2.4835GHZ--(10) 64Kbps - 2Mbps10Mbps 10- 60- 50- 10

,

6 Ku 1118GHz Ka 1831GHz

42.4%,1.8145Mbps64Mbp- -

IP2202ter