非谓语动词用法辨析高二年级

形 式不 定 式 -ing

P.P.

主 表 宾 定 状 补√ √ √ √ √ √

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不定式与 -ing 作宾语的用法区别I. 只能跟 -ing 形式做宾语的及物动词有 :advise, allow, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, suggest, enjoy, finish, keep, dislike, mind, delay, practise, escape, imagine, miss, permit, risk, deny, excuse, prevent,etc.1) Do you mind ________________________ ( 借给我一些钱 )?2) The mouse was lucky that it just missed _______________( 被捉住 ).3) I would appreciate ________________( 你回电话 )this evening.

lending me some money

being caughtyour calling back

II. 只能跟 -ing 形式短语动词 : feel like, give up, insist on, keep on, put off, what/how about, can’t/couldn’t help; have difficulty/trouble (in), be worth, be busy, be/get/become used to, look forward to, get down to, refer to, pay attention to, object to, prefer …to…, etc.

III. 以下及物动词后跟不定式和 -ing 形式均可 , 但意义明显不同 :1) remember, forget, regret I remember reading the article last year. I must remember to read the article tonight. I forgot locking the door, so I went back to make sure. The door is open. I forgot to lock it. I regretted telling him the truth. I regret to tell you the sad news.

2) go on, stop, try, meanA.Let’s go on doing the experiment. After reading a letter, he went on to write back.B. They stopped to rest. They stopped resting and went on walking.C. I’ll try to improve my English. Try washing your eye with water if something enters it.D. I didn’t mean to hurt you. Waving one’s hand means saying goodbye.

3) need, want, require 作“需要”讲时 , 用 -ing 形式等于不定式的被动式 .The windows need cleaning.= The windows need to be cleaned.The children want/require/need caring for.= The children want/require/need to be cared for

IV. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词： agree,arrange, ask( 要求 ),beg, afford, care, choose, dare, decide, demand,determine,hope, wish, elect, engage( 从事 ),fail,plan, expect, manage, offer, order,prepare, refuse, pretend, promise, set out( 开始 ), hesitate( 迟疑 ),etc.

Fill in the gaps with the given verbs in their proper forms:

1. He prefers ___________ (watch) TV to __________ (go) to the cinema.

2. Did Nancy agree _______(go) __________ (shop) with you?

3. I asked them _________(keep) quiet, but they still kept ________(talk).

4. She pretended _________(not see) me when I passed by.

watchinggoing

to go shopping

to keeptalking

not to see

5. Have you considered __________(write) him a letter?

6. I hoped _______________(see) you off yesterday, but I was told to attend a meeting.

7. Do you mind my _______(sit) here?

8. Finally they gave up _________( rescue) the buried people.

9. Seeing the snake, she couldn’t help _____ (cry) out.

10. He desired nothing but ________(sleep).

writing

to have seen

sitting

rescuing

crying

to sleep

不定式、 -ing 和 P.P 作宾补的区别Do you hear someone calling you?Yes. I heard him call me several times.You hear your name called several times.He got his bedroom painted first.

He had some workers paint his bedroom first.

He had the workers painting his bedroom all day long.

在进行结束

被动 , 结束

1. He found a wallet _______(lie) on the box. 2. I found her _________(change) a lot. 3. Tom was made ________(clean) the door. 4. A young mother is watching her little son _________(play) on her bed. 5.They had the fire _________(burn) the whole night as the temperature was below zero. 6. With the bridge ________ (damage), they had no choice but ________(swim) across the river.

lyingchanged

to clean

playingburning

damagedto swim

7. I saw a mouse ______(enter) the garage, ______(climb) onto a shelf and ________ (begin) to bite a wooden tool. 8. A liar cannot make himself __________ (believe). 9. Last night I had my motorbike ______ (steal). 10. A shop assistant caught Tom ________ ( put) some biscuits into his pocket. 11. Don’t keep them ________(wait) for you long. While being away, keep you door _________(lock).

enterclimb begin

believed

stolen

putting

waiting

locked

-ing, P.P 和不定式作定语A. Look at the sleeping cat.

= Look at the cat which is sleeping.B. He was seen to stop at a sleeping car.

= He was seen to stop at a car for sleep.C. This is a picture painted by Xu Beihong.

=This is a picture which was painted by Xu.D. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. （进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。） 过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动词之前（ C 句）或没有一定的时间性（ D句）。

-ing, P.P 和不定式作定语E. I want to get something to read during the vacation.不定式与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系 .She was the first person to think of the idea.不定式与被修饰词有逻辑上的主谓关系 .There is no need to worry about us. Is that the best way to solve the problem? The conference to take place next month will probably be a great success.不定式常表示将来的动作或状态 ; 或用在某些名词、序数词之后。

以下名词常用不定式作定语： need, time, way, right, chance, opportunity, movement, courage, force( 权利 ), reason, effort, decision, struggle, intention, wish, etc.

e.g. They had no chance to go to school in those years.

There is not a moment to lose.

We must have the courage to overcome any difficulty.

She expressed her wish to become an actress.

不定式 ,-ing 的被动式与 P.P. 作定语的区别Compare: 1) The park being repaired at present is said to be a well-known one. 2) The park repaired last month is said to be a well-known one. 3) The park to be repaired next month is said to be a well-known one. 4) The topic _____________ (discuss)now is an important one. 5) The topic _________(discuss) just now has something to do with Mr Hao.

being discussed

discussed

1. Anyone ________(fish) in this lake will be published. 2. The girl _______(dress) in blue is Mary. 3. The road ________(join) the two villages was built by the villagers. 4. The experts _________(attend) the conference will arrive at 6p.m. 5. The card ________(post) yesterday will reach her tomorrow. 6. The patient ___________ (operate) on now is a friend of mine. 7. Jack was the last __________(arrive).

fishing

dressed

joining

to attend

posted

being operated

to arrive

-ing, P.P. 和不定式作状语的区别A. –ing & P.P. 作状语 , 多表示动作或状态发生的时间 , 原因 , 条件 , 方式或伴随 , 结果 , 以及让步等情况。B. 不定式作状语多表示目的，结果 , 原因等。 不定式表示结果： 1.惯用法 : too…to…, so…as to…, enough to…, only / never to…( 结果没想到或失望 ) 2. 从句意判断 : 1) What have I said to make you so excited? 2) Song Meiling lived to be 106. 3) The curtain parted, to reveal a market scene.

□□ 不定式表示原因 , 主要用在一些 作表语的形容词或过去分词之后。1. We are glad/sorry/pleased/happy to hear that. 2. She was surprised to find a lion beside her baby. 3. They are anxious to take part in the activity. 4. Chinese is hard for a foreigner to learn. 5. Mr Li is easy to get along with. 这类形容词多表示情绪，或如下形容词：

easy ， difficult ， hard ， pleasant ， comfortable ， fit ， unfit ， worthy ， etc.表示情绪的形容词或过去分词举例 : happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, eager, anxious, willing, lucky, fortunate, unfortunate, proud, angry, surprised, frightened, disappointed, ready, careful, foolish, clever, etc.

1. ________(hear) the sad news, they couldn’t help crying. 2. ______(be) very angry, she couldn’t go to sleep. 3. He soon fell asleep, _______(tire) from the journey. 4. ______(keep) in fridge, the drug should remain effective for at least three months. 5. The woman lay in bed, ________(listen) to the rushing winds. 6. ________(work) this way, they greatly reduced the cost.

Hearing

Being

tired

Kept

listening

Working

7. They ran over ___________(welcome) us. 8. We must do all we can________(help)him. 9. __________(avoid) an accident, every driver should drive at a normal speed. 10. She swung the leg of pork so as _____ ________ (attract) the lion’s attention. 11. We found the room not big enough ____ ______(hold) so many people. 12. He made a long speech only __________ (show) his ignorance( 无知 ) of the subject. 13. ________________(give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

to welcometo help

To avoid

toattract

tohold

to show

Having been given