意象和情绪意象和情绪

Image and MoodImage and Mood

ImageImage

The The image ofimage of person, scene, action, person, scene, action, or object, is at the heart of poetry. or object, is at the heart of poetry.

Vivid with sights, sounds, smells, Vivid with sights, sounds, smells, sensations of taste and touch.sensations of taste and touch.

A poet A poet thinks bythinks by means of his means of his images or through his images. images or through his images.

Image in poetry is never just Image in poetry is never just description, but a description, but a fusion of fusion of thought, feeling, imagethought, feeling, image..

MoodMood Mood: a state of Mood: a state of the feelings at a particular timthe feelings at a particular tim

ee.. 情绪，心绪情绪，心绪 Emotion:Emotion: strong feelingsstrong feelings of the human spirit. of the human spirit. 情感情感 Feelings: the part of Feelings: the part of a person’s nature that fea person’s nature that fe

elsels, compared to the part that thinks., compared to the part that thinks. 总称总称 , , 感感受受

Sentiments: Sentiments: tender feelingstender feelings of pity, love of pity, loveMan is an emotional animalMan is an emotional animal. Eskimo’s Snow. Eskimo’s Snow

PoetryPoetry ＝＝ ImageImage ＋＋ ModeMode Poetry is to explore the vast possibility Poetry is to explore the vast possibility

of of individual feelingsindividual feelings in a certain in a certain image imagess..

我们的所有情感和感受或许都已经被诗人吟唱我们的所有情感和感受或许都已经被诗人吟唱过了，但每个时代都会过了，但每个时代都会 , , 也必须能够发现这个也必须能够发现这个时代所特有的时代所特有的 fresh imagefresh image 来表达这些情感。来表达这些情感。

我们读诗时，打动我们的正是新鲜别致的意象我们读诗时，打动我们的正是新鲜别致的意象和微妙丰富的情感。和微妙丰富的情感。

A bird is sitting on a A bird is sitting on a branchbranch

ImageImage ：： Concrete and PartiConcrete and Particular cular

MoodMood: Lonely: Lonely ，， bleak, desolatebleak, desolate Image: A bird sitting on a branchImage: A bird sitting on a branch A birdA bird species: species: sparrow, eagle, crow, lark, nightingalesparrow, eagle, crow, lark, nightingale color: color: red, black, red, black, size: size: hugehuge ，， small small

the branchthe branch branchbranch ： ： twigtwig ，， boughbough typetype ：： elmelm ，， willowwillow ，， oakoak color: dark or greencolor: dark or green leafy or leafless leafy or leafless the specific timethe specific time early morning, dawn,early morning, dawn, evening, twilight, dusk, noon,evening, twilight, dusk, noon,

Our own poetryOur own poetry

A bird is sitting on a branch.A bird is sitting on a branch. A A big crowbig crow is sitting on a is sitting on a dark dark

branchbranch in the in the twilight twilight.. A big crow is sitting A big crow is sitting

On a dark branchOn a dark branch

In the twilightIn the twilight..

A crow is perched A crow is perched Upon a leafless withered bough—Upon a leafless withered bough— The autumn dusk.The autumn dusk.

HaikuHaiku ：： 17 syllables 17 syllables 俳句俳句boughbough: lit. a main branch of a tree: lit. a main branch of a treeduskdusk: less bright, twilight: less bright, twilight

ContentsContents ImageImage, imagery, imagery

One dominant imageOne dominant image

many imagesmany images

Association of images and Association of images and moodsmoods

One Dominant ImageOne Dominant Image

The apparition of these faces in the The apparition of these faces in the crowd; crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough.Petals on a wet, black bough.

In a Station of the MetroIn a Station of the Metro, Ezra Pound, Ezra PoundApparitionApparition ：幽灵：幽灵MetroMetro ：： subwaysubway ，地铁，地铁

Haiku formHaiku form

Contrast impliedContrast implied MetaphorMetaphor ： 暗喻： 暗喻 SimileSimile ：明喻：明喻 “ “ 花朵在楼道里穿行”花朵在楼道里穿行”

““Daffodils” by WordsworthDaffodils” by Wordsworth

I wander’d lonely as a cloudI wander’d lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er That floats on high o’er valesvales an an

d hills,d hills,When all at once I saw a crowd, When all at once I saw a crowd, A hostA host, , of golden of golden daffodilsdaffodils;;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Beside the lake, beneath the trees,FlutteringFluttering and dancing in the breeze. and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shineContinuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way,And twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretch’d in never-ending lineThey stretch’d in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:Along the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in Tossing their heads in sprightlysprightly dan dan

ce.ce.

The waves beside them danced, but The waves beside them danced, but theythey

Out-did the sparkling waves in Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:glee:

A poet could not but be A poet could not but be gaygay

In such a In such a jocundjocund company! company!

I gazed—and gazed—but little thoughtI gazed—and gazed—but little thought

What wealth the show to me had What wealth the show to me had brought:brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lieFor oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in In vacant or in pensivepensive mood, mood,

They They flashflash upon that upon that inward eyeinward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure And then my heart with pleasure fills,fills,

And dances with the daffodils.And dances with the daffodils.

New wordsNew words ValesVales (lit.) a broad low valley. (lit.) a broad low valley.

Flutter:Flutter: the wings of a bird move the wings of a bird move quickly and lightly, an object to move by quickly and lightly, an object to move by waving quickly and lightly, a flag, dead waving quickly and lightly, a flag, dead leaves, one’s heart, eyelashesleaves, one’s heart, eyelashes

Sprightly:Sprightly: cheerful, lively, active cheerful, lively, active

PensivePensive: deeply or sadly thoughtful: deeply or sadly thoughtful

Images and MoodImages and Mood Images: DaffodilsImages: Daffodils Rhetoric device: Rhetoric device: ComparisonComparison Simile: Simile: 明喻明喻 personificationpersonification ：拟人：拟人 MoodMood ：：

Many ImagesMany Images

The year’s at the spring,The year’s at the spring, And day’s at the morn;And day’s at the morn; Morning’s at seven;Morning’s at seven; The hillside’s dew-pearled;The hillside’s dew-pearled; The lark’s on the wing;The lark’s on the wing; The snail’s on the thorn;The snail’s on the thorn; God’s in His Heaven—God’s in His Heaven— All’s right with the world!All’s right with the world! ““Pippa’s Song” by Robert BrowningPippa’s Song” by Robert Browning

Images: unifying theme, consistentImages: unifying theme, consistent Hillside, Hillside, lark, snaillark, snail, God., God. “ “The snail is on the thorn”The snail is on the thorn” “ “The bloom is on the thorn”The bloom is on the thorn”

MoodMood Pippa: A poor girl working in the silPippa: A poor girl working in the sil

k mill.k mill. OptimismOptimism

Lark and SnailLark and Snail

Lark: as cheerful as a lark, singing Lark: as cheerful as a lark, singing all the time.all the time.

Snail: crawling upon the groundSnail: crawling upon the ground

Mood Mood

Implication Implication InterpretationInterpretation Observer, authorObserver, author ““The Crow”: implicationThe Crow”: implication ““The Metro”, “Daffodils”:The Metro”, “Daffodils”: implication and interpretationimplication and interpretation ““Dust of Snow”: Dust of Snow”: interpretation against interpretation against

implicationimplication

““Dust of Snow” by Robert Dust of Snow” by Robert FrostFrost

The way The way a crowa crowShook down on meShook down on meThe dust of snowThe dust of snowFrom a From a hemlock treehemlock tree

Has given my heartHas given my heartA change of moodA change of moodAnd saved some partAnd saved some partOf a day I had Of a day I had ruedrued. .

A hemlock treeA hemlock tree

ImageImage Symbolic meaning of crow, snow Symbolic meaning of crow, snow

and hemlock and hemlock crow: not a cheerful birdcrow: not a cheerful bird hemlock: poison, Socrateshemlock: poison, Socrates

Unpleasant being touched by the sUnpleasant being touched by the snow shaken down by a crow from now shaken down by a crow from a hemlock tree.a hemlock tree.

Change of MoodChange of Mood

Change of mood: Change of mood:

from unpleasant to pleasant or from unpleasant to pleasant or vice versa?vice versa?

““The Sun Has Set” by Emily The Sun Has Set” by Emily BronteBronte

The sun has set, and the long grass nowThe sun has set, and the long grass now waves dreamily in the evening wind;waves dreamily in the evening wind;And the wild bird has flown from the old graAnd the wild bird has flown from the old gra

y stoney stone In some warm In some warm nooknook a couch to find. a couch to find.In all the lonely landscape roundIn all the lonely landscape roundI see no light and hear no sound,I see no light and hear no sound,Except the wind that far awayExcept the wind that far awayCome sighing o’er the heathy sea.Come sighing o’er the heathy sea.

New wordsNew words

Nook: a sheltered warm placeNook: a sheltered warm place

Heath: Heath: 石南石南

Heath and York MoreHeath and York More

““The Eagle” by TennysonThe Eagle” by TennysonHeHe clasps clasps the the crag crag with with crookedcrooked hands; hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands,Close to the sun in lonely lands,

Ringed with the azureRinged with the azure world, he stands.world, he stands.

The The wrinkledwrinkled sea beneath him sea beneath him crawlscrawls;;

He watches from his mountain walls,He watches from his mountain walls,

And like a thunderbolt he falls.And like a thunderbolt he falls.

QuestionsQuestions

Do the images appeal to the sense of Do the images appeal to the sense of sight, hearing, taste, touch or smell?sight, hearing, taste, touch or smell?

Does the poem depend on a single image Does the poem depend on a single image or a variety of images?or a variety of images?

What mood do the image create?What mood do the image create? Are the image static or in movement?Are the image static or in movement? How do the images help to convey its How do the images help to convey its

theme?theme? IS the image symbolic?IS the image symbolic?

Cavalry Crossing a FordCavalry Crossing a FordA line in long array where they wind betwixt greeA line in long array where they wind betwixt gree

n islands,n islands,They take a serpentine course, their arms flash in They take a serpentine course, their arms flash in

the sun—hark to the musical clank,the sun—hark to the musical clank,Behold the silvery river, in it the splashing horses Behold the silvery river, in it the splashing horses

stop to drink,stop to drink,Behold the brown-faced men, each group, each peBehold the brown-faced men, each group, each pe

rson a picture, the negligent rest on the saddles,rson a picture, the negligent rest on the saddles,Some emerge on the opposite bank, others are jusSome emerge on the opposite bank, others are jus

t entering the ford—whilet entering the ford—while ，，Scarlet and blue and snowy white,Scarlet and blue and snowy white,The guidon flags gayly in the wind.The guidon flags gayly in the wind.