採用 IFRS 之國家如何解決會計問題爭端

採用 IFRS之國家如何解決會計問題爭端

勤業眾信會計師事務所審計部協理黃桂榮

2009 年 12 月 9 日

©2008 Deloitte & Touche©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.

IFRSSICs and IFRICs

Before 2002 March After 2002 March

IASB

Reporting Interpretations

Committee (IFRIC)

IFRICs(1~19,16)


調查狀況彙總說明

編號國家

第一階段：是否制訂或擬制訂處理會計爭端相關機制

第二階段：已採用 IFRS且設有處理會計爭端機制者之實施概況（僅針對第一階段回覆為” Yes” 者再發函）Yes No/NA

1 香港 V V2 澳洲 V V3 新加坡 V V4 南非 V V5 德國 V V6 奧地利 V V7 斐濟 V V8 英國 V V9 義大利 V

10 瑞士 V11 西班牙 V12 加拿大 V(2011)13 日本 V(2012, under

consideration)14 韓國 V(2011)15 中國 V(部分採用，仍有

差異）16 墨西哥 V(2012)17 印度 V(2011)調查完成比例 100% 100%


已採用 IFRS 國家- 除 IFRIC外另行成立解釋單位者

國別解釋單位香港 Financial Reporting Standards Committee of HKICPA

澳洲 Interpretations Agenda Committee (IAC) of Australian Accounting Standards Board(AASB)

新加坡 Accounting Standards Council (ASC)

南非 South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA)/ Accounting Practices Board (APB)

德國 Accounting Interpretations Committee (AIC) of Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG)

奧地利 Austrian Financial Reporting and Auditing Committee(AFRAC )(http://www.afrac.at/index_en.php)

斐濟 Standards Committee of Fiji Institute of Accountants


已採用 IFRS 國家-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制

國別處理單位處理機制

香港 Financial Reporting Standards Committee of HKICPA 提供實務處理意見

新加坡 Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Singapore (ICPAS)

發布會計實務指引Statements of Recommended Accounting Practice (RAPs)

歐盟European Financial Reporting Advisory Group(EFRAG)EUROPEAN COMMISSIONInternal Market and Services DG

蒐集並研究問題提交 IFRIC 討論發布解釋函Roundtable for Consistent Application of IFRSs

英國 Accounting Standards Board 發布 Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF) Abstracts


已採用 IFRS 國家-非正式處理機制 /未成立解釋機構或其他處理機

制國別處理單位處理機制

IASB Financial Crisis Advisory Group (FCAG) 舉行 round table meeting

歐盟四大會計師事務所不定期會議

香港四大會計師事務所不定期會議

義大利未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制

瑞士未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制

西班牙未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制


尚未採用 IFRS 國家-目前討論情形

國別預計適用年度是否擬成立發布解釋單位說明

印度 2011 the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) 發布解釋函及指引

加拿大 2011 否加拿大金融主管機關針對金融業發布會計指引

墨西哥 2012 CINIF 發布解釋令 INIF

韓國 2011 目前尚無具體計劃現行四大有不定期會議

中國採用部分 IFRS ，惟仍存在差異

目前尚無具體計劃財政部聲稱其新準則與IFRS 相同，目前其出版刊物只有解釋新準則如何適用

日本 2012 年 (under consideration) 目前尚無具體計劃


附件－各國正式 /非正式解釋機制介紹


香港－除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位HKICPA-Interpretations•Interpretations collectively refers to following

Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants

–Hong Kong (IFRIC) Interpretations (HK(IFRIC)-Int),–Hong Kong Interpretations (HK-Int),–Hong Kong (SIC) Interpretations (HK(SIC)-Int)

•Interpretations give authoritative guidance on issues that are likely to receive divergent or unacceptable treatment, in the absence of such guidance.


Interpretation Number

Title Issue Date

HK-Int 1 The Appropriate Accounting Policies for Infrastructure Facilities

Issued in Oct 2004, reissued in May 2005 and June 2006

HK-Int 3 Revenue – Pre-completion Contracts for the Sale of Development Properties

Issued March 2005, reissued in May 2005 and revised in June 2006

HK-Int 4 Leases – Determination of the Length of Lease Term in respect of Hong Kong Land Leases

Issued May 2005

Note: HK int 2 related to accounting for Hotel Properties was not “reissued in May 2005” as the issue is covered by IAS 40 equivalent.

HKICPA-Interpretations(cont’)Interpretations that are developed locally by the Institute are named Hong Kong Interpretations.

香港－除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位


香港－非正式處理機制 : 四大會計師事務所不定期會議

範例 :Financial Reporting Standards Committee Meeting–HKICPA ( April 2008 )The Committee considered a referral from the Professional Standards Monitoring Committee regarding the presentation of the gains and losses on sale of financial assets arising in the ordinary course of business in the income statement. It was noted that some preparers show sales proceeds from the sale of financial assets as revenue (gross), while others present gains and losses on disposal net in the income statement.The Committee agreed that gains and losses arising from the disposal of financial assets must be presented net in accordance with HKAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition Page 3 of 3 and Measurement - paragraphs 26 and 55 and HKFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures - paragraph 20(a). The Committee therefore agreed that it is inappropriate to present gross sales proceeds as revenue.

However, the Committee also noted that the standards do not preclude an entity providing additional information in the financial statements related to gross sales proceeds provided that they are not described as “revenue”.


澳洲 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位

•Australia is fully IFRS compliant, and so has issued Interpretations equivalent to all the SIC and IFRIC Interpretations.

•Apart from the SIC and IFRIC equivalent Interpretations, 14 local Interpretations have also been issued, 4 of which have since been superseded by other Interpretations or Standards.


澳洲 - 10 local Interpretations (effective)

Item Interpretation Number

Title Issue Date Application Date Interpretation body

1 1003 Australian Petroleum Resource Rent Tax

Nov 2007 Annual reporting periods ending on or after 30 Jun 2008

Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB)

2 1019 The Superannuation Contributions Surcharge

Sep 2004 Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005

Urgent Issues Group (Predecessor to the AASB)

3 1030 Depreciation of Long-Lived Physical Assets: Condition-Based Depreciation and Related Methods






Title Issue Date

Application Date Interpretation body

4 1031 Accounting for the Goods and Services Tax (GST)

Jul 2004 Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005


5 1038 Contributions by Owners Made to Wholly-Owned Public Sector Entities

Dec 2007

Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jul 2008

Australian Accounting Standards Board

6 1039 Substantive Enactment of Major Tax Bills in Australia

Jul 2004 Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005


7 1042 Subscriber Acquisition Costs in the Telecommunications Industry

Dec 2004

Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005




Title Issue Date Application Date Interpretation body

8 1047 Professional Indemnity Claims Liabilities in Medical Defence Organisations

Nov 2004 Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005


9 1052 Tax Consolidation Accounting

Jun 2005 Annual reporting periods ending on or after 31 Dec 2005


10 1055 Accounting for Road Earthworks






Title Issue Date Application Date

Interpretation body

1 1001 Consolidated Financial Reports in relation to Pre-Date-of-Transition Dual Listed Company Arrangements[superseded by AASB 3 Business Combinations, issued March 2008]

Jul 2005 Annual reporting periods ending on or after 31 Dec 2005

Urgent Issues Group (Predecessor to the AASB

2 1002 Post-Date-of-Transition Stapling Arrangements[superseded by AASB 3 Business Combinations, issued March 2008]

Dec 2005 Annual reporting periods ending on or after 31 Dec 2005

Australian Accounting Standards Board

澳洲 - 4 local Interpretations (superseded)



Title Issue Date

Application Date

Interpretation body

3 1013 Consolidated Financial Reports in relation to Pre-Date-of-Transition Stapling Arrangements[superseded by AASB 3 Business Combinations, issued March 2008]

Apr 2005 Annual reporting periods ending on or after 31 Dec 2005


4 1017 Developer and Customer Contributions for Connection to a Price-Regulated Network[superseded by Interpretation 18 Transfers of Assets from Customers, issued March 2009]

Nov 2004 Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005


澳洲 - 4 local Interpretations (superseded)


新加坡 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位• In Singapore, the accounting standards and

interpretations are prescribed by the Accounting Standard Council (ASC), and they follow the IFRS. Currently, the following IFRICs have not been adopted in Singapore yet:– IFRIC 2 - Members’ Shares in Co-operative Entities and

Similar Instruments

– IFRIC 15 - Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate


新加坡 -除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制•In addition, the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of

Singapore (ICPAS), a professional body, issues some guidance on topical matters, in the form of Statements of Recommended Accounting Practice (RAPs). Topics include:–Accounting and reporting by Charities

–Reporting framework for unit trusts

–Foreign income not remitted to Singapore

–Pre-completed contracts for sale of development property

–Merger accounting


Background

• Instances may arise where there is a need for South African specific guidance for certain aspects, transactions or other issues where no guidance is provided in either International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB or in the interpretations issued by IFRIC.

• The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) acts as the Secretariat to the Accounting Practices Board (APB) in the standard setting process. The Accounting Practices Committee (APC) is the technical advisory body to the APB. The APB is the official standard setting body in South Africa. It approves and issued Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (Statements of GAAP) and Interpretations of Statements of GAAP.

南非 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位


Background (cont’)

• Where guidance is required, the APC would generally first circulate the query amongst the National Standard Setters. If there is no clarity following this consultation, SAICA would generally then submit an agenda request to the IFRIC. If the agenda request does not result in any guidance, SAICA would then consider whether it is appropriate to issue local guidance.

• Local guidance tends to be issued only when the circumstances are South Africa specific, for example, recent interpretations have focussed on Black Economic Empowerment transactions (which are a South African regulatory issue) and their interaction with IFRS 2, and on South African pension fund legislation & its interaction with IFRIC 14.

南非 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位( 續 )


南非－解釋函內容

Interpretation Subject Issue DateISSUED PRIOR TO IFRS ADOPTION IN 2005

Preface to South African Statements and Interpretations of Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice

November 2003

Accounting for "Secondary Tax on Companies (STC)" November 2003

ISSUED BETWEEN IFRS ADOPTION AND 2008Substantively Enacted Tax Rates and Tax Laws February 2006

ISSUED SUBSEQUENT TO 2008Accounting For Black Economic Empowerment (Bee) Transactions

March 2009

IAS 19 (AC 116) The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction in the South African Pension Fund Environment

March 2009


德國 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位• The Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG) is registered in the

register of Associations in Berlin as a non-profit organisation. The governing bodies of the Association are the Executive Board and the General Assembly. The standing committees of the Association are the German Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and the Accounting Interpretations Committee (AIC).

• ASCG is one of standard setters to work with the International Accounting Standards Board.

• GASB has the following three duties: 1. the elaboration of recommendations on the application of German accepted group

accounting principles ,

2. the provision of advice to the Federal Ministry of Justice on accounting regulations and

3. representation of the Federal Republic of Germany in international standard-setting bodies

Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php


• Which enterprises have to apply German Accounting Standards?

– Enterprises preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB) should apply German Accounting Standards (GAS).

– Enterprises whose securities are publicly traded and which have their domicile in the European Union have to prepare consolidated financial statements complying with IFRS for financial years beginning after 31 December 2004.

– As from then onwards, all these enterprises are exempted from applying the German Accounting Standards (GAS). However, enterprises applying international accounting principles shall continue to apply German Accounting Standards (GAS) to the extent international accounting principles do not include any requirements. This holds especially for the German Accounting Standards concerning risk reporting and management reporting (GAS 5 and GAS 15).

Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php

德國 - 除 IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位(cont’)


英國 - EU-endorsed IFRS

•In the UK, there is the option for non-listed entities to either apply UK GAAP or EU endorsed IFRS. Listed entities need to apply EU-endorsed IFRS.

•The only difference between IFRS and EU-endorsed IFRS is in relation to EU-endorsed carve out version of IAS 39 where there is a difference in relation to Hedge Accounting.


英國 - EU-endorsed IFRSEU-endorsed IFRS

• There is no interpretation of IFRS in the EU other than endorsed IFRIC interpretations.

• There is a mechanism established to endorse each IFRS and IFRIC for use in EU. – This process has both a technical level and a political level. The technical merits of

each IFRS and IFRIC interpretation are considered by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) which is a private sector body. EFRAG makes recommendations to the Accounting Regulatory Committee (ARC).

– The Chairman of the UK Accounting Standards Board participates in the work of the Technical Expert Group (TEG) of EFRAG, as an observer with full rights to participate in debates.

– ARC comprises representatives of the member state governments of the EU and advises the Commission. The UK is represented by BERR (previously the DTI).

– The final decision on endorsement is formally made by the European Commission.


英國 -除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制UK GAAP

• For the UK, there is no IFRS interpretation body but the UK Accounting Standards Board(ASB) is moving UK GAAP to an IFRS copy situation (IFRS convergence). The UK ASB established the Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF) to assist it in areas where a UK GAAP or Companies Act provision exists, but where unsatisfactory or conflicting interpretations have developed or seem likely to develop. The results of the UITF's deliberations on a subject are promulgated by means of published Abstracts. The UITF is independent from IFRS body and can make its own decision.

• Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) was established in 1990 as part the Financial Reporting Council. The Panel seeks to ensure that the provision of financial information by public and large private companies complies with relevant accounting requirements The FRRP issues a year end hot issue report in Autumn. Despite not being an interpretation it would give UK companies a view of the focus the UK enforcement agency will take in their review work.


英國 - UK UITF

List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)

• There are 46 Abstracts issued in all with only 8 issued since 2005.

UITF Abstract Topic Issue date

UITF Abstract 46 (IFRIC Interpretation 16)

Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation

23 October 2008

UITF Abstract 45 (IFRIC Interpretation 6)

Liabilities arising from Participating in a Specific Market - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

13 February 2007

UITF Abstract 44 (IFRIC Interpretations 11) 'FRS 20 (IFRS 2) - Group and Treasury Share Transactions’

02 February 2007

UITF Abstract 43 The interpretation of equivalence for the purposes of section 228A of the Companies Act 1985

23 October 2006


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 42 Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives

07 April 2006

UITF Abstract 41 Scope of FRS 20 (IFRS 2) 07 April 2006

UITF Abstract 40 Revenue recognition and service contracts

10 March 2005

UITF Abstract 39 Members' Shares in Co-operative Entities and Similar Instruments

10 February 2005

UITF Abstract 38 Accounting for ESOP trusts 15 December 2003

UITF Abstract 37 Purchases and sales of own shares 28 October 2003

UITF Abstract 36 Contracts for sales of capacity 27 March 2003

UITF Abstract 35 Death-in-service and incapacity benefits

21 May 2002


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 34 Pre-contract costs 21 May 2002

UITF Abstract 33 Obligations in capital instruments 14 February 2002

UITF Abstract 32 Employee benefit trusts and other intermediate payment arrangements

13 December 2001

UITF Abstract 31 Exchanges of businesses or other non-monetary assets for an interest in a subsidiary, joint venture or associate

18 October 2001

UITF Abstract 30 Date of award to employees of shares or rights to shares

15 March 2001

UITF Abstract 29 Website development costs 22 February 2001

UITF Abstract 28 Operating lease incentives 22 February 2001


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 27 Revision to estimates of the useful economic life of goodwill and intangible assets

08 December 2000

UITF Abstract 26 Barter transactions for advertising 09 November 2000

UITF Abstract 25 National Insurance contributions on share option gains

27 July 2000

UITF Abstract 24 Accounting for start-up costs 22 June 2000

UITF Abstract 23 Application of the transitional rules in FRS 15

Issued on 18 May 2000

UITF Abstract 22 The acquisition of a Lloyd's business

11 June 1998

UITF Abstract 21 Accounting issues arising from the proposed introduction of the euro

05 March 1998


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 20 Year 2000 issues: accounting and disclosures Withdrawn by UITF Abstract dated 27 July 2000 (see UITF Information Sheet 41)

UITF Abstract 19 Tax on gains and losses on foreign currency borrowings that hedge an investment in a foreign enterprise

20 February 1998

UITF Abstract 18 Pensions costs following the 1997 tax changes in respect of dividend income

12 May 1997

UITF Abstract 17 Employee share schemes 15 December 2003

UITF Abstract 16 Income and expenses subject to non-standard rates of tax Superseded by FRS 16


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 15 Disclosure of substantial acquisitions

30 January 1996

UITF Abstract 14 Disclosure of changes in accounting policy Superseded by FRS 18

UITF Abstract 13 Accounting for ESOP Trusts Superseded by UITF Abstract 38

UITF Abstract 12 Superseded by UITF Abstract 28

UITF Abstract 11 Capital instruments: issuer call options

29 September 1994

UITF Abstract 10 Disclosure of directors’ share options Withdrawn by UITF Abstract dated 19 December 2002 (see UITF Information Sheet 57)


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 9 Accounting for operations in hyper-inflationary economies

09 June 1993

UITF Abstract 8 Repurchase of own debt Superseded by FRS 4

UITF Abstract 7 Superseded by FRS 18

UITF Abstract 6 Superseded by FRS 17

UITF Abstract 5 Transfers from current assets to fixed assets

Issued on 22 July 1992

UITF Abstract 4 Presentation of long-term debtors in current assets

Issued on 22 July 1992


英國 - UK UITF



UITF Abstract 3 Treatment of goodwill on disposal of a business Superseded by FRS 10

UITF Abstract 2 Restructuring costs Superseded by FRS 3

UITF Abstract 1 Convertible bonds – supplemental interest/premium Superseded by FRS 4

採用 IFRS 之國家如何解決會計問題爭端

Documents

Transcript of 採用 IFRS 之國家如何解決會計問題爭端