.................................... 1

.................................... 2

/ .......................................... 2

TIMES

/ ......................................... 17

/ ................................................ 36

/ ......................................... 51

............................... 64

ARPA-E

/ ......................................... 64

................................... 72

................................... 78

................................... 83

15 http://www.cepd.gov.tw (

) 6000 email chhuang@mx.nthu.edu.twjp62001@tri.org.tw

26

1

(CCS)(CDM)

2010 2010 2012

()

TIMES

70

26

36

6

7

90

8 1

(1)(2)(3)

1 1994~2010

(U.S. Energy Information Administration)

(Hawaiian Electric Company, HECO)(Hawaii Energy)

6(NSC100-3113-P-005-001)

7 HawaiiOahuMauiLanai

Molokai 8 ( 1998 2000 2008

)

0102030405060708090100

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

1994 1998 2002 2006 2010

(

/

)

(

/)

26

37

Energy Efficiency & Conservation

1. Renewable Portfolio Standards, RPS 2001 200420062009 2010 10(2015 152020 252030 40)WindSolar EnergyBiomassGeothermalHydropowerOcean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTECWave and Ocean Current

2. Net Energy Metering, NEM()

3. Hawaii Global Warming Solution Act,

ACT234 2007 7 2020 1 greenhouse gas, GHG 1990

4. Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative, HCEI2008 1 Memorandum of Understanding, MOU 2030 70 3040 2008 72

5. Competitive Bidding for New Generation 2006 12

2011 322.7MW( 2)(Public Utility Committee, PUC) 20 (Power Purchase Agreement, PPA)2011 11 Feed-In Tariff, FIT( 1) FIT (initial FIT capacity)(Hawaiian Electric Company, HECO) 60MW(Maui Electric Company, MECO) 10MW(Hawaii Electric Light Company, HELCO)10MW

26

38

2. 2011 State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism (2011), State of

Hawaii Energy Resource Coordinators Annul Report 2011, p11.

1. FIT

0 20 KW 20KW

(1) PV 500KW 250KW 100KW (2) CSP 500KW 100KW (3) -- 100KW

(1) 5 MW 2.72 MW 1

(2)

FIT Photovoltaic Cell, PVConcentrated Solar Power, CSPOn-shore WindIn-Line HydroFIT

(1)(2)(3)Regional Electricity Companies, RECs(4) FIT 2 FIT

2. FIT (/kWh) (/kWh) (/kWh)

(PV) 21.8 18.9 19.7 (CSP) 26.9 25.4 31.5 (On-shore Wind) 16.1 13.8 12.0 (In-line Hydro) 21.3 18.9 -

Hawaiian Electric Company (2012), www.heco.com/portal/site/heco/.

91.1

30 30.5

3.2

58

110

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

(MW

)

26

39

6. Hawaii Building Energy Code2010 1 1

7. Building design for reduce energy cost

8. Performance contractingESCo

Hilo (UHH) 1999 50 UHH 140 8 8 8

(1996 ~2009 6 )

1996 Public Utilities Commission, PUC HECO (annual report)

HECO

HECO Energy Efficiency Program, EEP(1)Compact Fluorescent Lights, CFLs, Specialty Bulb Coupons(2)ENERGY STAR Appliance Rebates(3)Solar Water Heating Rebates(4)High-Efficiency Water Heater Rebates (1) Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Program (2) Commercial and Industrial Customer Rebate Program(3)Commercial and Industrial New Construction Program

1. $40 $110 (Ceiling Fan)$40 (Clothes Washer)$50 (Dishwasher)$50 (Refrigerator)$50 (Window Air Conditioner)$75

26

40

(Ductless Split Air Conditioner)$110 $80 PUC HECO PUC Bank of Hawaii, BOH SAIC9 SAIC BOH

2. $6,620 $750 $5,870 30%35%$2,055

33 40 5 6 70 90 0.01

40

Gas Company

2010 5 2015 50

HECO

2008 (Hawaiian Electric Company, HECO) 9 (Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Program, CIEE)(Commercial and Industrial New Construction Program, CINC)(Commercial and Industrial Custom Rebate Program, CICR)(Residential Efficient Water Heating Program, REWH)(Residential New Construction Program, RNC)(Energy Solution for the Home Program, ESH) (Solar Saver Pilot Program, SSP)(Residential Direct Load Control, RDLC)(Commercial and Industrial Direct Load Control, CIDLC)

9 SAIC 1969 SAIC 2009 7

Hawaii Energy

26

41

(Participant Cost Test, PCT)(Ratepayer Impact Measure Test, RIM)(Total Resource Cost Test, TRC)(Utility Cost Test, UCT) PUC HECO 3

3. 2008 PCT RIM TRC UCT

(CIEE) 8.34 0.74 4.60 6.35 (CINC) 5.52 0.71 2.99 4.03 (CICR) 7.65 0.58 2.83 3.99 (REWH) 1.53 0.63 1.17 1.49 (RNC) 1.48 0.77 1.21 1.98 (ESH) 11.97 0.82 5.85 7.80 (SSP) 0.57 0.32 0.28 0.46 (RDLC) 1.95 2.30 1.95 (CIDLC) 25.14 1.17 16.46 1.17

Hawaiian Electric Company (2009), Demand-Side Management Programs: Accomplishments and Surcharge Report.

TRC HECO 2008 (SSP) 0.28 TRC PCT RIM UCT SSP 2008 (Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative) 2030 70(Clean Energy Omnibus Bill) 4030HECO (CIDLC) TRC 16.4610 PCTRIM UCT HECO CIDLC

HECO 180 5 39,000 ENERGY STAR 169 MW 6 4 160 864,000 CO2 PUC ( 4)2009 982.8GWh 17.7%82.3% HECO

HECO

Demand ResponseLoad ResponsePrice ResponseDirect ControlHECO Interruptible Program

10

26

42

Auto-Demand Response Program

$10/kW$8/kW

HECO $5/kW

4. 2003~2009 GWh

20031

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Efficiency Saving(A) 179.6

479.8

533.0

603.7

744.2

890.5

982.8

-Renewable Displacement Technology

172.3

84.8

94.1

106.4

124.8

140.4

174.0

-Energy Efficiency Technology 7.3

395.0

438.9

497.3

619.4

750.1

808.8

Electricity Sale (B) 10,206

10,511

10,538

10,568

10,585

10,390

10,126

Total Electricity Demand (C=A+B)

10,386

10,991

11,071

11,172

11,329

11,281

11,109

Efficiency Saving/Electricity Demand(%)

1.7%

4.4%

4.8%

5.4%

6.6%

7.9%

8.8%

12003 : Research and Economic Analysis Division (2011), Hawaii Economic Issues: Renewable

Energy in Hawaii, p7.

HECO 30%HECO

HECO(2012) 2011 670 34,200 15MW 4,100 2.7MW

HECO (Fast DR)Fast DR () 10 HECO (back-up power or stand-by power) 5

2007 (Renewable and Distributed Systems, RDS) (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO) 3700 (Department of Business and Energy Development and Tourism, DBEDT) 2012 2013~2015

1. (load shift)

26

43

2. (direct control)(power conditioning system, PCS)

3. (Electric Vehicle, EV)(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, PHEV)

4. (cyber security) 5. 6. EV/PHEV

7. (business models)(assessment

tools)

5. HECO

Fast DR

24x7x365 24x7x365 24x7x365 24x7x365 7am-9pm - - 300 / 300 / 80 /

- - - - 2

- - - - 40

Dispatch1/

UFR2 Dispatch/

UFR Dispatch/ UFR Dispatch/ UFR Dispatch only

$3/ $5/

Dispatch=$5 per kW

Dispatch/UFR=$10 per kW

=$5 per ton/

=$5 per kW/

$5/kW+$0.5/

- - - 10

1dispatch refers to an event triggered manually by a system operator. 2Under Frequency (UFR) trip refers to an event triggered automatically by the system when monitoring devices sense that frequency has dipped too far below an acceptable 60 Herz level. : Hawaiian Electric Company (2012), http://dr.heco.com/Overview.aspx.

HECO

11 Hawaii ( 6) 1 3

HECO ( 7)()()(1)

(2) 4kW(3)

11 Hawaii 1000

300

26

44

6. (Hawaii Island)(TOU-R)

(customer charge) $9.5 /

$17.5 /

(TOU charge) (3:00p.m.-8:00p.m.) 33.7043 /kWh

(8:00p.m.-3:00p.m.) 12.7043 /kWh

(usage charge) 350-1200 kWh 1.0 /kWh

1200 kWh 2.0 /kWh

(minimum charge) $17.50 /

$22.50 /

1 2011.3.1 Hawaiian Electric Company (2011), Schedule TOU-R: Residential Time-of-Use Service.

7 (two meters)(one meter)

7. (Hawaii Island)

(customer charge)

$9.50 / $1.50 /

$17.50 / (base fuel energy charge) 9.0708 /kWh -

(TOU charge)

( 5:00p.m.-9:00p.m.) 13.0099 /kWh 19.7986

2 /kWh

( 7:00a.m.-5:00p.m.) ( 7:00a.m.-9:00p.m.)

10.0099 /kWh -

( 9:00p.m.-7:00a.m.) 2.0000 /kWh 11.0708

/kWh

(usage charge)

350-1200 kWh 0.8299 /kWh - 1200 kWh 1.6481 /kWh -

(minimum charge)

$17.50 / $1.5 /

$22.50 / 1 2010.10.1 2013.9.30 2 7:00 a.m. - 9:00p.m. Hawaiian Electric Company (2010), Schedule Residential TOU EV: Residential Time-of-Use Service with Electric Vehicle Pilot.

( HECO ) 1000 (new socket cost) 240 80

26

45

( 1000 )(Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI)2007 (1)(2)( 30) (3)( 1 1 )(4)

(2009 7 )

Hawaii Energy 2009 7 1 (Energy Conservation and Efficiency Program)SAIC(Science Applications International Corporation) PUC Hawaii Energy 2014 6 30 PUC SAIC (the third-party contractor)

Hawaii Energy 1.5%(public benefits fee)(public benefits funds) SAIC Honeywell 20 (residential sector)(industrial sector)(commercial sector) SAIC SAIC Honeywell

PUC 2009 7 1 PUC

(tailor-made)

SAIC 1969

SAIC Hawaii Energy HECO

$125$50 Hawaii Energy

26

46

Hawaii Energy 50%$100

Hawaii Energy(2012)(air cooled packaged)(split air conditioning system)(water cooled chiller)(International Energy Conservation Code, IECC) 15%

Hawaii Energy(2012) 44.4 / 11 /Hawaii Energy Hawaii Energy (Energy Heroes)

Hawaii Energy home ownerrenterproperty managerbusiness ownervendor

1 home owner

2 renter

SAIC Opower12Opower

3 property manager

12 Opower SAIC http//www.opower.com/

26

47

(best practice)

4 business owner

()

5 vendor

(killer applications)

Hawaii Energy

1.

2. sewage

cost plus

SAIC Opower 3.

26

48

(Energy Information Communication) 100%

()

(Integrated Resource Planning, IRP)

(Green Jobs) 1 (Adder)13(Portfolio)

(Entropy)(Exergy)

(:)

13 (Societal Cost Test, SCT) 10%

(British Columbia Utility Commission, BCUC)

TRC 30%

26

49

14

1980 (Unbundling)

21 (Digital Convergence)(Next Generation Network; NGN)Web 2.0

e-TaiwanM-TaiwanU-Taiwan I-Taiwan15

(Micro Grid)

(Priority Service)

14

15 e-TAIWAN(Electronic)2002-2007; M-TAIWAN(Mobile)2005-2009;

U-TAIWAN(Ubiquitous)2007-2011; I-TAIWAN (Intelligent)2009-2012

26

50

(Smart Grid)(Micro Grid) Web 2.0 30% 35% FIT

(grid parity)

FIT FIT ()

(Congestion Management)(Ancillary Service)

Hawaiian Electric Company, 2009. Demand-Side Management Programs: Accomplishments and Surcharge Report. Hawaii: Hawaiian Electric Company.

Hawaiian Electric Company, 2011. Hawaiian Electric Companies Feed-in Tariff Program Website Overview and Tutorial. Hawaii: Hawaiian Electric Company.

Hawaiian Electric Company, 2012. Energy Solutions for Business. Hawaii: Hawaiian Electric Company.

Hawaiian Electric Company, 2012. HECO Feed In Tariff Program. Hawaii: Hawaiian Electric Company. Available at: www.heco.com/portal/site/heco/. Accessed 21 March 2012.

Hawaiian Electric Company, 2012. Demand Response. Hawaii: Hawaiian Electric Company. Available at: http://dr.heco.com/Overview.aspx. Accessed 21 March 2012.

Hawaii Energy, 2012. Business Incentives Summary. Hawaii: Hawaii Energy. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012. Electricity. United States: Energy Information

Administration. Available at: http://www.eia.gov/electricity/. Accessed 2 April 2012. Research and Economic Analysis Division, 2011. Hawaii Economic Issues: Renewable Energy

in Hawaii. Hawaii: Research and Economic Analysis Division. State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, 2011. State of

Hawaii Energy Resource Coordinators Annul Report 2011. Hawaii: Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism.

26