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Vµ√c∞r 2, c¥÷ı¤π÷Ï» –zbM 203914–gØ ‰Ïı¤, Æ∑Fr∂Ú 2008

¢L∑F∫ :

ÃVâ¦V¹ \Âï^ ïâEµ—h·‰ÏM

ØÄ[çª© ØÃòåïòÂïVª\Vu®© ¼ÃVÂzk«ÝmÝ ]â¦D

2

∑Ï¥ıªeˆegØ

1.1. ¢i±egØ 3

1.2. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√ckœ ‚µ∞÷ 5

1.3 ukœ∞k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√ckœ s∞∂ 6

2.1. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ ÿiµ√µ ÷heˆegÏk gk∑F∑Ïkœ∞g 8

2.2. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UgØ u‡e EcøgØ 12

gÏ[t∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eÏı¤∞e 16

3.1. ¢Ôÿ±∞[ 16

3.2. µÏ∞∂‚‰Ïeˆÿ (Vision) 19

3.3. l∂eˆÿ (Goal) 19

3.4. ÿieˆ‚eÏı¤ 20

‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ 21

3.5.1. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ‚ggØ∑ÏM 21

3.5.2. —c÷zb≥ 25

3.5.3. ‚∑¥‰ÕU 26

3.5.4. µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ 30

3.5.5. µÏ> (–ª’‚ªÏ) 30

3.5.6. ‰¶u∂Ú eª’ªzgØ 31

3.5.7. ÷Ïek stµ√U—ªG™e∞ı ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú 31

3.5.8. ÷ÏekgØ l∂Ú∂Ï∑F ∑ÿc 33

3.5.9. eÏ[t gÏ¨∑ÏM 33

3.5.10. ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ 33

3.5.11. gª’‚rÏ rJ∂Ú 34

3.5.12. ¢¥e∞g∑F ∑ı¤L ±∞[ 38

3.5.13. ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U 39

3.5.14. ureˆÿ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U 40

3.5.15. ≈∑µ√Uµ√ µM∑F∫ 41

4. ±≥¡∞r 42

3

1. 1. ¢i±egØ

lllll‰Õcn gÏs∂G™eL∂Ú ‰eÏ»∑F∫[ geêı¤ µÏ∞e ≈SµgØ ¢cegÏeqı¤ı gÏs∂gØ µ—h·‰ÏM. 2006–gØ –zb≥∂Ú gÏs∂ geêı¤ µÏ∞eJ∂Ú49% ‚∑Ï» ‰eÏ»∑F∫[G™eL∂Ú ÷V∑F∑µÏeeˆ ezeˆSª∑F∑ª’Mı¤ıU.1 l‰Õµ¢ı¡ µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ¢cegÏS ÷¥S[U. geêı¤ µÏ∞eeˆ ezeˆ eM∑F∫2001lkœ ∑≥ ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ gÏµ√µ geêı¤ µÏ∞e 70∂ª’uµ√U 41 –JrgØ ‚∑Ï». lU 2006l∂Ú 79 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑rÏe ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU.2

ØÄ[çª© ØÃòåïòÂïVª\Vu®© ¼ÃVÂzk«ÝmÝ ]â¦D

gÏs∂ geêı¤ µÏ∞eJ∂Ú ‰eÏ»∑F∫[ geêı¤ µÏ∞e ≈SµgØ (2006)

(∫Uc∂ÚH, —‚uÏrgØ g[tgØ ‰M÷zb –ª’V∑F∑ÿceL∂Ú (ø>nkœ Nr‚µugØ)gª’M‚g µ—heµ√∞µ≈ª ‰eÏ»∑F∫[ geêı¤ ≈SµgØ ¢cegÏe qı¤ıU)

(CMDA - ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e ±d∞gµ√cª’ªgØ & ÷∞r¡ ¢ieˆ∞e & ‰Mµ√µr /gc∑FÊM ¢ı¡)

(Indian States at a Glance 2006-07, Tamil Nadu - Performance,Facts and Figures, PHDCCI)

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ geêı¤ µÏ∞e ÷ıÏ»uCV∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ2001 & 2026

geêı¤ µÏ∞e70 78 87 97 108 120(∂ª’uµ√c∂Ú)

2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026–zbM

µ—h·‰ÏM 49.70%

–‰ÕcrgØ 27.50%

e¥‰ÏªegØ 35.60%

‚erıÏ 25.80%

l‰ÕcnÏ 29.00%

4

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U u÷Ï∂Ú ¸kœ∑U l∑F‚∑ÏUeª’MeêªG™eÏg∂Ú ‚∑Ïn›≈ª’ª ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶u∞∂uC ugÏL∑F∑Ugª’Mg∂Ú∂. _ª‚÷, µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ukœ∞keˆÿ lªgØ ∑n¥gØ geêıÏ∂Ú¢ce¶eê∑F‚∑ÏÿgØ _Mµ∂Ú ‚µ∞÷e∞ıuC ugÏL∑F∑UgØ –ÿgØ. ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er geêı¤ µÏ∞e 2016–gØ –zb≥∂Ú a¥ ‚eÏ≥∞n¸ª’≥≈MgØ. ¢∑F‚∑ÏU geêı¤ µÏ∞e ¸zbfieˆ∞e ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Úq∂e ‰ÏMeπªkœ ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e∞r a∑FNM‚÷ÏgÏkÏ∂Ú &q∂Skœ 96 ‰ÏMe∞ı≈ª ukœ∞k∑F ∑¶nµÏe l¥eˆÿgØ.

|.‰Ï gÏ>ª ‚ggØ∑Ïª’M∑F ∑ª’≥nH∂Ú lªgØ ∑[tı¤ı 177 ‰ÏMeL∂Ú 81 ‰ÏMeı¤ gª’MgØµÏkœ ukœ∞k∞n≈ª∑F ∑¶µÏe l¥eˆÿgØ,˜µ±ı¤ı 96 ‰ÏMeLBgØ 2016–gØ –zb≥∂Ú ukœ∞k∞n ≈ªeˆÿ∞[÷Ïk ¸zbfieˆ∞eJ‚∂‚n geêı¤ ÷V∑F∑ÏÏ»eı¤. ¸k‚÷, ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeêÏk cª’ªµ√∞µ ÷ÿ∑F∑Uq∂Skœ u¶∑Ïc ‰ÏMeLkœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ cª’ªG™e∞ı ≈ª¡gØ ¢ce±eˆSnµ√U÷gØ ÷Ïn›‰ÕµU ¸kœ∑∞µ e¥µ√c∂Ú eÏı¤ı ‚÷zbMgØ. 3

geêı¤ µÏ∞e ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Ú ukœ∞køgØV∂ ‰ÏMeπgØ & 2016 (¸zbfieˆ∞e ∂ª’uµ√c∂Ú)

ukœ∞k ó 97 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

¨˚ªkœ ó 93 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

VG™e∑F≠Ï» ó 48 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

‰ÏÏ»‚÷ ó 48 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

ªkœgÏÏ»eˆ ó 56 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

l®ƒ‚r∂Ú ó 78 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

ÿ∞÷µ√ ó 34 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

sYV∂Ï‰ÕU ó 43 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

¨≈ª’uÏ»∂Ï‰ÕU ó 73 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

|eˆSn ¢r∫ ¸—‚rª’ ó 48 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

gÏ∂µ√Z¡eı¤ ó 4 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

gÏ◊Vn®ƒ ó 13 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

≠ª’ªÏkœ ó 27 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

(UNDP Human Development Report, 2006 United Nations)

5

1.2. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√ckœ ‚µ∞÷

g>µÏ»eLkœ ¸∂Ú∂Ïµ√ ‚µ∞÷eπeˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueêª’ª∞g∑F∫ a¥ ±kœ ‚µ∞÷nÏe l¥eˆS[U. ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏrgØ, e∂Ú≈,qª∂Ú ‰∂gØ ¸k ¸∂Ú∂Ï÷[teˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ¢≥∑F∑∞ªnÏel¥eˆS[U. a¥ ‰Ïª’≥∂Ú ‚÷∞∂ ÷Ïn›∑F∫eı¤, e∂Ú≈ s∞∂nG™eı¤,g¥µ√U÷‚u∞÷, ∑ÏdU‚∑Ïeˆÿ qı¤Lª’ª ÷uceı¤ ‚∑ÏUgÏk ¢ı¡l¥‰ÕµÏ∂Ú gª’MgØ ‚∑ÏµÏU. _ª‚÷, ¢÷[∞[ ¢∞ª÷µ[ÿ ÆU÷Ïk‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eª’ª∞g∑F∫eπgØ l¥‰ÕµÏ∂ÚµÏkœ q¶n ∑nkœS∞ªeˆÿgØ.

‰Ïª’≥kœ ÷ıÏ»uCVeˆÿ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U —e ¢≥∑F∑∞ªnÏk‚µ∞÷nÏÿgØ. V[‰Õµ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[nÏkUÆ∞heπeˆÿ ¸Ln, u∂¡ ÿ∞[÷Ïk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ¢L∑F∑µkœ‡∂gØ ‚‰r≥nÏe¡gØ, ‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏrµ√∞µ ÷ıÏ»∑F∑µkœ ‡∂gØ

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú ¢ªG™Søı¤ı qı¤ıÏª’V ¢rëı¤

gÏ‰erÏª’V 1 : ukœ∞k gÏ‰ergØ

‰er u∞∑eı¤ 16 : 1. eµ√c÷ÏeêgØ, 2. c¥ ÷Ï[iYÏ»,3.gÏµÏ÷rgØ, 4. ¢gØ∑µ√„Ï», 5. –÷≥, 6. ≠‰Õµg∂ÚH, 7. c¥‚÷[eÏM,8. gUr÷ÏJ∂Ú, 9. ÷ıur÷ÏeêgØ, 10. –∂‰Õ„Ï», 11. qı¤ıergØ&∫dc÷ÏeêgØ, 12. ¢keÏ∫µ√„Ï», 13. ∑gØg∂Ú, 14. ∑∂Ú∂Ï÷rgØ,15. µÏgØ∑rgØ, 16. gzH.

‚∑‹rÏª’Veı¤ & 20 : 1. ˜˘ÂpÏ», 2. Vkœk ‚ueêÏM, 3. ∫h∂Ú,4.‰Ïr÷Ï¶ÿ∑F∑gØ, 5. c¥skœ[“Ï», 6. ‚∑Ï‹Ï», 7. c¥g∏∞u,8.gÏG™eÏM, 9. ‰‰ÕµgØ∑ÏeêgØ, 10. ˜kgØ∑ÏeêgØ, 11. ÿkœ[µ√„Ï»,12. c¥EÏ»g∞∂, 13. ∑¥G™eıµ√„Ï», 14. ÊÏ»eêkœer∞z,15.Vª’∂∑ÏeêgØ, 16. ugØ∑ÏeêgØ, 17. gÏªgØ∑ÏeêgØ, 18. ∑¥G™ÿ≥,19. ∑ı¤Leêr∞z, 20. ‚uÏ∏G™e‰∂Ú•Ï».

˙rÏª’V akœinG™eı¤ & 10 : ( ∑¥‰er ∑r∑F∑ı≈∂Ú ¢ªG™Søı¤ı SrÏgG™eLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e ¢∞ª∑F∫eˆÿı¤) gÏµ√µSrÏgG™eı¤ 214.

1. ˜˘ÂpÏ» (4), 2. ‚uÏhÏ÷rgØ (41), 3. ∫h∂Ú (28), 4. ≈∂ÚH÷ÏeêgØ (25), 5. c¥÷ı¤ÙÏ» (1), 6. ≠‰Õµg∂ÚH (42), ÿkœ[µ√„Ï»(30), 8. c¥∑F ∑¥gØ∫„Ï» (4), 9, ∑rG™Sg∞∂ (33),10. eÏª’ªÏG™ÿıµ√„Ï» (6)

6

g∞[±egÏe¡gØ ÷t∞g a∏∑FN[ÿ ÷∏÷ÿeˆÿgØ ¸kœS[U q∂e÷G™S.4

q∂Skœ ¢∞kµ√U ‰ÏMeπgØ ¸ª’ª ‚÷zb≥n 8 l∂eˆÿe∞ı∑F∫µ√µÏJrgÏzbM ‚ggØ∑Ïª’M l∂ª’VnG™eı¤ (Millennium DevelopmentGoals - MDGs) ¸k∑F ∑ª’≥nHª’Mı¤ıU |eˆSn ‰ÏMeı¤ ¢∞÷.÷t∞g∞nøgØ ∑ª’≥>∞nøgØ a∏∑F∑U, ¢∞k÷¥eˆÿgØ µÏªeêeê∂Ú≈, –zb ∑zb ugµ√U÷gØ, ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ grzµ√∞µeˆ ÿ∞[µ√µ∂Ú,‚∑teÏ∂ l[∑F∞∑eˆ ÿ∞[µ√µ∂Ú, uC.|.≈ / n›ª’®ƒ,, g‚∂¶nÏ, eÏu‚‰Ïn›qı¤Lª’ª ‚‰Ïn›e∞ıµ√ µMµ√µ∂Ú, ¨[tuCphH∂Ú E≥µ√c¥eˆÿgØµkœ∞g∞n qtc un›µ∂Ú, ∑kœkÏª’Meˆ _ª’M[¡ ¸k∑F∑MgØ l‰Õµq∂e l∂ª’VnG™eı¤ ÷[i ∑[ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U a¥ eª’ªÏnµ√ ‚µ∞÷¸kœS[U |eˆSn ‰ÏMeı¤ ¢∞÷Jkœ ¢ieˆ∞e.5

1.3. ukœ∞k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√ckœ s∞∂

ukœ∞kJkœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ V[‰ÕµµÏe l∂Ú∞∂. ∑¥‰ergØ eMgØ ‰¥eê≥J∂Ú VeˆSµ√ czieˆ eÏzb≥¥eˆS[U. ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ geêı¤ µÏ∞e 1984–gØ –zb≥∂Ú ¨gÏÏ» 50∂ª’ugØ ‚∑rÏe l¥‰Õµ‚∑ÏU ¬≥n ÷ÏekG™eLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e 1∂ª’uµ√U 50 –JrgÏe l¥‰ÕµU. lU‚÷, 2007–gØ –zb≥∂Ú geêı¤ µÏ∞e 79 ∂ª’ugÏe ¢ce¶µ√µ s∞∂J∂Ú ÷ÏekG™eLkœ zbfieˆ∞e30 ∂ª’ugÏe ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU.6

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú 1984&2006–gØ –zbMeπeˆÿl∞ª‚n geêı¤ µÏ∞e ¢ce¶∑F∑ÏkU lrzbM ‰∑Ï» l¥‰Õµ lªµ√c∂Ú‡kœt ‚∑rÏe ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU. l‚µ eÏ∂eª’ªµ√c∂Ú ÷Ïek∑F ∑¥eê‚gÏ ±kœ∫ 2 ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¬≥n lªµ√c∂Ú l∑F‚∑ÏU 40÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¬MSkœ[k.

geêı¤ µÏ∞e 50 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï» 79 ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»

÷Ïek ¸zbfieˆ∞e 1 ∂ª’uµ√U 30 ∂ª’ugØ50 –JrgØ

20071984

(The Hindu, 28-02-2008)

ukœ∞kJ∂Ú geêı¤ µÏ∞e g[tgØ ÷Ïek∑F ∑¥eêgØ(1992&2006)

7

÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e ¢cegÏ÷µ[ÿ Æ[∑ uÏ∞∂ ÷uceı¤¢cegÏe≈∂Ú∞∂. ukœ∞k gÏ‰e¶kœ gÏµ√µuC uÏ∞∂eı¤ EıgØ 303S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ». µ¥eêı¤ g[tgØ u‰ÕUeLkœ EıgØ 2, 475 S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ».7

‰e¶kœ ÷ÏekG™eı¤, ‰e¥eˆÿı¤ ÷¥gØ ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¢∞kµ√UgØ l‰ÕµuCuÏ∞∂eL∂ÚµÏkœ ¬ª‚÷zbMgØ. ÷Ïek ¸zbfieˆ∞e ¢cegÏS[U¸kœ∑µ[eÏe l‰ÕµuC uÏ∞∂eLkœ Eıµ√∞µ‚nÏ, ¢e∂µ√∞µ‚nÏ gkœ‚gBgØ ¢cegÏeˆÿ÷U uÏµ√cng∂Ú∂.

fl[ÏzbMeπeˆÿ ±kœ∫ –G™S‚∂n –ª’VeêÏ∂µ√c∂Ú ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú ÿc∞r ÷zb≥eı¤ gfieˆÿ 20 S‚∂Ï ª’ªÏ»‚÷eµ√c∂Ú ¬≥J¥eêeˆ_MgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, lkœt ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¬MgØ÷ÏekG™eLkœ urÏu¶ ∑nz ‚÷egØ gfieˆÿ 13 S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ»µÏkœ.8

¢µÏ÷U, ¬¶ªµ√cH¥‰ÕU g[ [Ï¥ lªµ√c[ÿ ±kœ∫ —c÷zb≥J‚∂Ï, ÿc∞r ÷zb≥J‚∂Ï ukœ[∞ª‰Õµ ‚÷eµ√c∂Ú_ª, lkœ∞[n¢c‰˚k ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ‡∂gØ ukœ[∞ªn ln∂≈∂Ú∞∂! eª’MeêªG™eÏU ‚∑Ïn›≈ª’ª ‰¶u‚∂ lµ[ÿeˆ eÏrzgØ.

u‡egØ ¸cÏ» eÏı¤πgØ lµr Veê∂ÚeLH¥‰ÕU ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U‚÷t∑ª’ªU. ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏrgØ ÷ıÏ»uCVn∞ªøgØ‚∑ÏU, e∂Ú≈, g¥µ√U÷gØ,U∑F∫r¡ ‚∑Ïkœ[ U∞[eπgØ ÷ıÏ»uCV ¢∞ªøgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏrgØ÷ı¥gØ‚∑ÏU ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U WÏ»‚eª∞ªøgØ! lµkœ ∑Ï¥ı¤ ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr ÷ıÏ»uCV ‚µ∞÷n[[U kœ∑µ∂Ú∂. gÏ[Ïe, Veê∞∂µ√ ZÏ»eêq¶n ±kœ kuCu¶eˆ∞e ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ ‚µ∞÷ ¸kœ∑UµÏkœ.

ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U WÏ»‚eª∞ª÷µkœ ≈∞ı÷Ïe geêı¤∑∂≈µgÏk lh∑F∫e∞ıuC u‰ÕceˆSkœ[kÏ». l÷[[Ï∂Ú ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr‚ggØ∑ÏMgØ µ∞ª∑MS[U :

l ¢ce¶eˆÿgØ ‰¶u∂Ú, eÏ∂µÏgµgØ, gk q∞ıuCu∂Ú,‚÷∞∂J∂Ú ∑Ïc∑F∫

l ¢ce¶eˆÿgØ ¸zb zn› ( ∑ª’‚rÏHngØ) ‚µ∞÷

w µ>‰∑Ï»eπeˆÿ ˚zb u∂¡

w ‰Ïª’≥[ÿ ¢‰ÕsnuC u∂Ï÷fi lh∑F∫

w e¶n—∂ ÷Ïø ÷LnÏÿgØ ¢ı¡ ¢cegÏ÷µÏ∂Ú ÷∑F∑g∞ªøgØ ≠—.

l ‚µ∞÷Jkœi µ÷∞z±∞[J∂Ú ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ÷ÏG™e‚‰¥÷µÏ∂Ú ‰Mµ√µr, Æ∞heˆ ÿMgØ∑µ√ck¥eˆÿ ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr lh∑F∫

8

l ¢ce¶eˆÿgØ ≈∑µ√Ueı¤

l ¢ce¶eˆÿgØ eÏ[t gÏ¨∑Ïª’ªÏ∂Ú ‡uCëˆÿh∂Ú, ©∞rΩr∂Ú∑Ïc∑F∫eı¤ qı¤Lª’ª qª∂Ú‰∂eˆ ‚eMeı¤. aHgÏ¨∑Ïª’≥kÏ∂Ú qª∂Ú‰∂∑F ∑Ïc∑F∫eı¤.

l ‰e¶kœ grG™eı¤, ∑¨∞g∑F∑ÿceı¤ ¢∏¡.

l geêı¤ ÷LJ∂Ú u∂Ú∂‚÷Ï g[[÷Ï»eπªkœ ∑he‚÷Ïµ∞ªnÏe l¥∑F∑µÏ∂Ú u‡e ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e ∑Ïc∑F∫.

l ¢rVkœ u∂¡eL∂Ú efiugÏk sc ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eπeˆÿgØ,uÏ∞∂ ‚ggØ∑Ïª’≥[ÿgØ ‚∑Ï÷µÏ∂Ú & e∂Ú≈, ‰∂÷Ïh·¡‚∑Ïkœ[ ¢≥∑F∑∞ªµ√ ‚µ∞÷eπeˆÿ sc∑F ∑[[Ïeˆÿ∞[.

l∞÷ ‚∑Ïkœt ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er geêπeˆÿ Æ[∑MgØ∑∂≈µgÏk lh∑F∫e∞ıøgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ı gÏ[in∞g∑F∑µkœ ‡∂gØ ∑¥gı¡ µ≈Ï»µ√cª ±≥øgØ.

2.1. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÿiµ√µ ÷heêgÏk gk∑F∑Ïkœ∞g

‘ ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏrgØ ÷ıÏ»S[U, geêLkœ ÷¥gÏkgØ ¢ce¶eˆS[U.lU÷∞r ÷ÏekgØ ÷ÏG™eÏµ÷Ï»eı¤ ∫cµÏe ÷ÏG™ÿ÷ÏÏ»eı¤. l¥ ueêr÷ÏekgØ ∞÷µ√c¥∑F∑÷Ï»eı¤ gSd‰ÕUe∞ı ÷ÏG™ÿ÷ÏÏ»eı¤. VingSd‰ÕU ∞÷µ√c¥∑F∑÷Ï»eı¤ ∑¶nµÏe ÷ÏG™ÿ÷ÏÏ»eı¤. l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØ ln[∞e. geêLkœ ≈¥∑F∑gØ, ¢÷Ï»eLkœ q¶∞g’ ¸kœte¥µ∑F∑MS[U.

l‰Õµ ln[∞enÏk∑F ‚∑ÏeˆS∞k ugÏLeˆÿgØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú uÏ∞∂÷uceı¤ ¢cegÏeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. uÏ∞∂e∞ı ¢cegÏeˆÿ÷U,¢e∂gÏeˆÿ÷U, ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ eª’M÷U, µ∞∂eˆÿ‚g∂Ú ∑[eˆÿgØuÏ∞∂e∞ı ¢∞g∑F∑U ó l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶u∞∂uCugÏLeˆÿgØ ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ k ‰gØ∑∑F∑MSkœ[k. _ª‚÷, –G™eÏG™‚e¢MeˆÿgÏ≥ ÷Ïek stµ√µG™eı¤ eª’ª∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ ¸kœt‚eÏ¶eˆ∞eeı¤ ∞÷eê∑F∑MSkœ[k.

–kÏ∂Ú, l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UuC VeêBeˆÿµ√ ZÏ»÷Ïea¥‚∑ÏUgØ ¢∞gnÏU. uÏ∞∂, ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ, ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ –Sn÷[∞[ ¢ce¶∑F∑µkœ ‡∂gØ q∂Skœ ¸‰Õµ ‡∞∂JBgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶uBeˆÿµ√ ZÏ»¡ eÏz∑F∑ª’ªU l∂Ú∞∂. ¢i≈n∂Ú ◊cnÏe ¢UuÏµ√cngÏkU l∂Ú∞∂!

gÏ ∑¥gØ uÏ∞∂e∞ı ¢∞g∑F∑U, gÏ ∑¥gØ ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™e∞ıeêª’M÷U, gÏ ∑¥gØ ÷Ïek stµ√µG™e∞ıeˆ eª’M÷U ó l÷[teˆ

9

e∂Ú∂ÏgØ q∂ÿeˆ‚e ÷∏eÏª’≥nÏe l¥eˆÿgØ ‰ÏM ¢ g¶eêÏµÏkœ.¢G™ÿ –zbM‚µÏtgØ ∑∂ ∂ª’ugØ ‚eÏ≥e∞ı l÷[teêÏe u∂≈ª’ª‚∑ÏcBgØ, ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶u∂Ú ÿ∞[÷µ[ÿ ∑c∂Ïe ¢ce¶µ√U÷¥S[U. eª‰Õµ 20 –zbMeL∂Ú urÏu¶ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ∑nz ‚‰rgØ 25≈deêÏM ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU.9 qzb∞gJ∂Ú uÏ∞∂øgØ, ∑Ï∂±gØ¢cegÏ÷UµÏkœ ‰¶u∂Ú ¢cegÏ÷µ[ÿgØ eÏrzgØ ¸k –n›¡eı¤ µ¶≈eˆSkœ[k. uÏ∞∂ ÷uc 1% ¢ce¶eê∑F∑ª’ªÏ∂Ú ¢µkÏ∂Ú ÷Ïek∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U 0.9% ¢cegÏS≈M÷µÏe –n›÷ÏıÏ»eı¤ ÿi∑FNMSkœ[kÏ».10

¢ce ÷¥gÏk±gØ ÿ∞[÷Ïk geêı¤ µÏ∞eøgØ q∞ªn¢ g¶eê ‰Ïª’≥‚∂‚n ∑nkœµrÏµ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[, ¢ce geêı¤ µÏ∞eøgØ ÿ∞[÷Ïk ÷¥gÏk±gØ qı¤ı l‰ÕcnÏ≈∂Ú ∑nkLeˆÿgØ¸k ¸cÏ»∑ÏÏ»eêeˆ _ªÏU. uÏ∞∂ & ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ & ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ ¸kœ[‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ a¥ ‘‰uC¨ ¨h∂Ú’ –ÿgØ (Vicious circle). akœtg[[µkœ ‚µ∞÷∞n ¢cegÏeˆS e∞ªVJ∂Ú ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[‚nWr∏‰ÕU ‚∑ÏS[U.

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U & ÷heêgÏk gk∑F∑Ïkœ∞g

g∞[±egÏe ¢ce¶eˆÿgØ÷Ïekµ√ ‚µ∞÷

¢ce¶eˆÿgØ eª’MgÏkgØ

¢ce¶eˆÿgØ ÷Ïek∑nkœ∑ÏM

‚µ∞÷ & ¢ce uÏ∞∂,‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ, ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ

‰uC ¨h∂Ú

(Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum - Vision, Policy and Recommendation for Pune)

10

¢ce¶eˆÿgØ ‰¶u∂Ú

gÏ¨∑ÏM,l∞ruCu∂Ú,≈∑µ√Ueı¤

uÏ∞∂ ÷uc∞n¢cegÏeˆÿµ∂Ú

˙Ï»ceıÏ∂Ú ‰¶u∂Ú

¢cegÏÿgØ˙Ï»ceıÏ∂Ú ‚gBgØ

¢ce ‰¶u∂Ú

‰∞ª, —c÷zb≥ ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑nfieı¤ gSd‰ÕUeπeˆÿ

gÏ[ ≈¥gØ∫µ∂Ú

‰∞ª,—c÷zb≥

‚∑¥‰ÕU ˜U ÷t∑F∫

∑nz„rgØ¢ce¶∑F∑µÏ∂Ú÷Ïekµ√‚µ∞÷

¢ce¶∑F∫

‚g[ezbª ‰uCüC ¨hH∂Ú l¥‰ÕU ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰ergØ≈Mµ∞∂ ¢∞ªn ‚÷zbMgØ. µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™eπeêÏk ÷uce∞ı¢cegÏeˆÿ÷∞µ ∞e≈ª’M ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k c[gØ∑ªeˆ ∞enÏπgØ‘∑nzµ√ ‚µ∞÷eı¤ ‚g∂Ïzb∞g’ (Transportation Demand Manage-ment - TDM / Mobility Management) ¸PgØ eÏ∂µ√Ueˆ‚e[[ ∫cn±∞[eˆÿ ukœ∞k gÏ[‚÷zbMgØ. lgØ±∞[J∂Ú, ÷ÏekG™eLkœ lª∑F ∑nÏ»uCVeˆÿ ±eˆSnµ√U÷gØ ¢Leê∑F∑ªÏU. gÏ[Ïe,geêı¤ g[tgØ ∑Ï¥ª’eLkœ lª∑F ∑nÏ»uCVeˆÿ ±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê∑F∑MgØ.

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UgØ lª∑F ∑nkœ∑ÏMgØ

(Car-Free Development - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policty-makers inDeveloping Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005)

11

∑nzµ√ ‚µ∞÷eı¤ ‚g∂Ïzb∞g ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂ÚÚ ¢cegc∑F∫∞ªn g[tgØ ÿ∞[÷Ïk u∂¡N≥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[eπeˆÿ ±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê ‚÷zbMgØ. ÿ∞[÷Ïk gc∑F∫∞ªng[tgØ ¢ce u∂¡ N≥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ı∑F NkœPeˆÿµ√µı¤ı‚÷zbMgØ. ¸Mµ√Ueˆ eÏª’ªÏe, ¢÷ur ˙Ï»cøgØ, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπgØ¢ce gc∑F∫∞ªn∞÷. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µøgØ —c÷zb≥eπgØ ÿ∞[÷Ïk u∂¡∞ªn∞÷. l÷[teˆÿ µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™e∞ı≈ª ¢ce±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê ‚÷zbMgØ.

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±kœP¶∞gV[‰Õµ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±kœP¶∞g ¸kœ∑U ‘¢ce u∂≈∂Ú

ÿ∞[‰Õµ gc∑F∫∞ªn ∑∂∞kµ√ µ¥gØ ÷ÏekG™e∞ı∑FNkœPeˆÿµ√ µı¤L, ÿ∞[‰Õµ u∂≈∂Ú ¢ce gc∑F∫∞ªn‚u∞÷∞nµ√ µ¥gØ ÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿ ±kœP¶∞g µreˆ_≥n’÷∞eJ∂Ú ¢∞gn ‚÷zbMgØ.

¸Mµ√UeêÏª’ªÏe, ¢÷ur ˙Ï»ceπgØ, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπgØ ¢cegc∑F∫∞ªn ‚u∞÷∞n ÿ∞[÷Ïk u∂≈∂Ú un›Skœ[k.l÷[ikœ a÷° ÷Ï¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» ∑nzµ√c[ÿgØ ¢ce gc∑F∫qzbM. –kÏ∂Ú a¥ ‰∑Ï» gª’M‚g ∑nfieˆÿgØ eÏ¶kÏ∂Ú¢µ√µ∞en ∑nkœ S∞ªnÏU.

¸k‚÷, ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂J∂Ú, Nkœ÷¥gØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê ‚÷zbMgØ.

1. ¢÷ur ˙Ï»ceı¤

2. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ

3. —c÷zb≥eı¤

4. ‚∑¥‰ÕU

5. µÏ> (–ª’‚ªÏ)

6. ‚u∞÷ ÷ÏekG™eı¤

7. µ>nÏÏ» gSd‰ÕUeı¤ (eÏÏ»eı¤) / l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤

8. ÷Ïek stµ√µG™eı¤.

(Mobility Management - Sustainable Transport :A Sourcebook for Policty-makers in

Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002)

12

2.2. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UgØ u‡e EcøgØ

ukœ∞k geêLkœ ∑nzgØ

ukœ∞k ‰e¶kœ ÷Ïek∑F ∑¥eê ∫ı¤L ≈÷rG™e∞ı∑F∑≥∑F‚∑Ï¥gØ, ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂e∞ı∑F ∑ÏÏ»»∑F‚∑Ï¥gØ & ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ∑¥gØ∑Ï∂Ïk geêı¤ l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eLBgØ, eÏÏ»eLBgØ∑nfi∑F∑µÏe ¸zbzeˆ_MgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, qzb∞g ¢U÷∂Ú∂.

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ı l¥≈µgÏe∑FN¶eê∂ÏgØ. ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥, —c÷zb≥, ‰∞ª –Sn∞÷±µ∂Ú ÷∞enÏÿgØ. ukœ∞k geêLkœ aª’M gÏµ√µ ∑nzµ√c∂Úl÷[ikœ ∑G™eL∑F∫ 1992–gØ –zb≥∂Ú 86% –e l¥‰ÕµU 2004–gØ–zb≥∂Ú 75%–eeˆ ÿ∞[‰ÕU≈ª’ªU.

µ>nG™S l¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤ g[tgØ gSd‰ÕUeL∂Ú∑nfi∑F∑U lrzbªÏ÷U ÷∞enÏÿgØ. l÷[ikœ ∑G™eL∑F∫ l‚µeÏ∂eª’ªµ√c∂Ú 8%–e l¥‰ÕµU µ[‚∑ÏU 22%–e ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU.11

–e gÏµ√µµ√c∂Ú, lkœ∞[eˆÿgØ ukœ∞k geêLkœ ±eêÏ∂Ú∑G™ÿ ∑nzG™eı¤ ‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥, —c÷zb≥, ‰∞ª–Sn÷[∞[ uÏÏ»‰Õ‚µ l¥eˆS[U. >PgØ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú 80% lªµ√∞µl¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eπgØ, gSd‰ÕUeπ‚g ¢∞ªµ√Ueˆ eÏzbM u∂Ú÷µÏ∂Ú ¢∞÷‚n ±µkœ∞gnÏk ∑nz ÷∞eeı¤ ¸kœ∑U ‚∑Ïkœ[gÏnµ√‚µÏ[[gØ qı¤ıU.

‚∑¥‰ÕU 39% 29%

µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ 4% 5%

—c÷zb≥ 14% 13%

‰∞ª 29% 28%

l¥ueêr ÷ÏekgØ 7% 18%

gSd‰ÕU 1% 4%

lµr 6% 3%

20041992

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶kœ cku¶ µ>‰∑Ï» ∑nz ÷∞e(1992 & 2004)

CMDA, Draft Master Plann - II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026

13

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú ‰∑Ï»eLkœ÷∏±∞[∑F∑≥ ∑nzG™eLkœ ∑G™«M & 2004

‚∑¥‰ÕU 29%

‰∞ª28%

—c÷zb≥13%

l¥ueˆer÷ÏekG™eı¤

18%

gSd‰ÕU4%

lµr 3%

µÏªÏ»÷zb≥

5%

‚∑¥‰ÕU 29%

75%l¥ueˆer

÷ÏekG™eı¤

19%19%19%19%19%gSd‰ÕUgSd‰ÕUgSd‰ÕUgSd‰ÕUgSd‰ÕUµÏ> 3%

¨∞gø‰ÕU (Truck) 2%

lµr 1%

‚∑¥‰ÕU 0%


ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú ÷ÏekG™eLkœ÷∏±∞[∑F∑≥ ∑nzG™eLkœ ∑G™«M & 2004

g>µÏ»eLkœ ∑nzgØ

÷ÏekG™eLkœ ∑nzgØ

14

geêı¤ µÏ∞eeˆ ezeˆ eM∑F∫ 2001&lkœ ∑≥ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú71% ÿMgØ∑G™eı¤ ‡kœt ¢∞[eπeˆÿeˆ ÿ∞[÷Ïe qı¤ı MeL∂Ú (1¢∂Ú∂U 2 ¢∞[eı¤ gª’MgØ qı¤ı MeL∂Ú) ÷VeˆSkœ[kÏ». µ—h·‰ÏM¢r¨ cª’ª ‚g[∑ÏÏ»∞÷ ÿd≈[eÏe ‰ªµ√µ∑F∑ª’ª –n›≈∂Ú 72%ÿMgØ∑G™eı¤ ‰H÷∞ª‰Õµ g[tgØ ÿ∞[‰Õµ ÷¥÷Ïn›∑F N¶≈∞kuCuÏÏ»‰Õµ÷Ï»eı¤ ¸kµ√ µ¶n ÷‰ÕµU.12 geêı¤ µÏ∞eeˆ ezeˆ eM∑FNkœ∑≥ 26% geêı¤ ÿ≥∞u∑F ∑ÿceı¤ ¸k∑F∑MgØ ÷Ïhµ√ µÿcn[[lªG™eL∂Ú ÷VeˆSkœ[kÏ».13

–e, ukœ∞k geêL∂Ú ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞gnÏ‚kÏÏ» ÿ∞[÷Ïk÷¥gÏkgØ q∞ªn÷Ï»eı¤. lµ√µ∞en ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞g geêLkœ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ ‚µ∞÷e∞ı ∫[eêfiµ√U≈ª’M, gSd‰ÕU ∞÷µ√c¥eˆÿgØ Vt∑Ïkœ∞g‚nÏ¶kœ ‚µ∞÷eπeˆÿ ±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê∑F∑MS[U.

ukœ∞kJkœ aª’M gÏµ√µ ∑nzµ√c∂Ú 22 ≈deêÏM geêLkœ∑nzgØ gª’M‚g gSd‰ÕUeı¤ ‡∂±gØ, l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ‡∂gÏe¡gØ ‰∞ª ∑tS[U. –kÏ∂Ú, uÏ∞∂Jkœ 80 ≈deêÏM lªµ√∞µl∞÷‚n ¢∞ªµ√UuC u∂Ú÷µÏe ∫ı¤L≈÷rG™eı¤ µ¶≈eˆ Skœ[k.14

uÏ∞∂eπgØ, ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eπgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eπgØ l÷[teˆÿ÷ucnÏe‚÷ ¢∞geê∑F∑MSkœ[k.

¢∞k÷∞røgØ uggÏe ‰ªµ√µ ‚÷zb≥n ¢ruÏG™egØ, ukœ∞k‰e¶kœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√∞µ∑F ∑Ï¥µ√µ÷∞r, ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞g geêLkœ‚µ∞÷e∞ı∑F ∫[eêfiµ√U≈ª’M ÷uc∑∞ªµ√µ ‚g∂Úµª’M ÷ÿ∑FNk¥eˆÿ uB∞e ¢L∑F∑µÏe‚÷ l¥‰ÕU ÷¥S[U. l∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ ‰M÷zb¢rVkœ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U eÏı¤∞eJ∂Ú _[∑F∑ª’Mı¤ı‘¢∞kµ√U geêπeˆÿgØ ugµ√U÷gÏk ÷∞eJ∂Ú uÏ∞∂J∂Ú lªgØ¢Lµ√µ∂Ú’ ¸PgØ ÿieˆ‚eÏπeˆÿ ±rzÏkU –ÿgØ.15

‰M÷zb ¢rVkœ ¢ceÏr∑F≠Ï»÷ eÏı¤∞enÏk & ‘uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Ú lªgL∑F∑∞µ µ≈Ï»µ√U, geêLkœ¸zbfieˆ∞e ¢ı≈∂Ú lªgØ ¢Leê ‚÷zbMgØ’ kœ∑∞µ qtc un›n‚÷zbM g>∂Ú, ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞g geêLkœ ‚µ∞÷eıÏk ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤,—c÷zb≥eı¤ u∂Ú∂ ÷∏, ‰ª∑F∑µ[ÿ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ –Sn÷[teˆÿ±kœP¶∞g ¢Leê‚÷zbMgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, ukœ∞kJ∂Ú l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØ µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ∫[eêfieê∑F∑MSkœ[k.

‘‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eÏı¤∞e’ ¸PgØ –n›≈µ∏∂Ú ÷LnÏk‘l‰ÕcnÏ≈kœ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UuC Veê∂Ú’ ¸PgØ eª’M∞r

15

Nkœ÷¥gÏt ÿi∑FNMS[U: ‘¢rVkœ sc aUeˆ«ª’≥∂Ú ∑¥gı¡gSd‰ÕU ∞÷µ√c¥∑F‚∑Ï¶kœ ‚µ∞÷e∞ı s∞[¡ un›n‚÷∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ∑F∑MS[U. lµkÏ∂Ú —c÷zb≥J∂Ú u∂Ú‚÷ÏÏ» g[tgØ‰ª‰ÕU u∂Ú‚÷Ï¶kœ ‚µ∞÷eı¤ ∫[eêfieê∑F∑MSkœ[k. ¢÷°÷Ï‚[,‚∑¥‰ÕU ‚∑Ïkœ[ ∑ÏU∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eπeˆÿgØ scS∞ª∑F∑c∂Ú∞∂. Æ k>∂Ú, ∑ÏU∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eı¤‚g∂Úµª’M ÷ÿ∑FNk¥eˆÿ ‚µ∞÷∑F∑M÷c∂Ú∞∂.

l‰Õcn ‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ‚∑Ïeê÷rµ√UuC Veê∂Úe∞ıµ√ ZÏ»∑F∑c∂Ú qı¤ı±µkœ∞gnÏk µ∞ªeê∂Ú, lµ[ÿ∑F NkœkfiJ∂Ú qı¤ı ¢rVn∂ÚµÏkœ.‰∂Ú∂ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ıeˆ eÏzbM÷¥÷µ[ÿ gSd‰ÕU g[tgØl¥ ueêr ÷Ïek q[∑µ√cnÏıÏ»eı¤ µ∞ªnÏe qı¤ıkÏ». l÷Ï»eπeˆÿ–µr÷Ïk ueˆceı¤ ¢rVkœ eÏı¤∞e ÷ÿ∑FN∂Ú µ∞∂Jª’M ¢÷Ï»eπeˆÿµ√ ‚µ∞÷nÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eÏı¤∞ee∞ı q¥÷ÏeˆÿS[ÏÏ»eı¤. ÷uc∑∞ªµ√µ ‚gª’Meˆÿ≥ l‰ÕcnÏ»eLkœ gSd‰ÕU uÏÏ»‰Õµ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e ±∞[øgØ lµ[ÿ –µr÷Ïe qı¤ıU.

l÷Ï»eLkœ ‘ eÏı¤∞eeˆÿ’ Æ[∑‚÷ gÏ‰erG™eL∂Ú ∫cn ∫cn‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ ∑¥gØ u∂≈∂Ú eª’ª∑F∑MSkœ[k. ¢MeˆÿgÏ≥ ÷Ïekstµ√µG™eı¤ eª’MgØ cª’ªG™eı¤ Zª’ª∑F∑MSkœ[k. ∑ÏU∑F ∑zµ√∞µeˆ eÏzbM ¢∞geê∑F∑MgØ lµ√µ∞enµ√ cª’ªG™eı¤ ∂Ú∂ÏgØ gkœ‚gBgØgSd‰ÕUeLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n ¢ce¶eê‚÷ un›øgØ. qzb∞gJ∂ÚlµkÏ∂Ú ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‚gBgØ ‚gBgØ ‚gÏugÏe‚÷ gÏtgØ.

¸k‚÷, gSd‰ÕUeπeêÏe ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ eª’Mµ∂Ú, ¢MeˆÿgÏ≥÷Ïek stµ√µG™eı¤ ¢∞gµ√µ∂Ú ‚∑Ïkœ[ ±∞[e∞ı∑F NkœPeˆÿµ√µı¤L≈ª’M, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ı˙eˆÿ≈∑F∑UgØ, —c÷zb≥eˆÿgØ, ‰ª‰ÕU u∂Ú∂¡gØ ÷∏e∞ı¢∞g∑F∑UgØµÏkœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UuC Veê∞∂µ√ ZÏ»eˆÿgØ ÷∏’ ¸kœS[U¢‰Õµ –n›¡eˆ eª’M∞r.16

16

gÏ[t∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ cª’ªgØ

3.1 ¢Ôÿ±∞[

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uce∞ı ¢L∑F∑c∂Ú l‰ÕcnÏ¡eˆÿ ±kœ‚kÏ≥nÏe l¥eˆÿgØ ‰ÏMeLkœ ¢P∑÷G™eLH¥‰ÕU ∑ÏªgØ e[∑µÏe‰gØ±∞ªn ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ ¢∞gn ‚÷zbMgØ. ±kœkÏ∂Ú u∂Ú∑÷Ï» ∑Mÿ∏J∂Ú µ÷i ≈d‰ÕµÏ∂Ú ¢÷¥eˆÿ∑F NkœkÏ∂Ú u∂Ú∑÷¥gØ ¢‚µ ÿ∏J∂Ú ≈heˆ_ªÏU. ¢‰Õ‰ÏMeı¤ Æ[ ek‚÷ un›µµ÷te∞ı ‰ÏgØ ‘gt∑≥øgØ a¥±∞[‘ un›neˆ_ªÏU.

Nkœ÷¥gØ ∑≥s∞∂eL∂ÚµÏkœ ‰gØ∞g≈ª ±kœ‚kin ‚g∞∂‰ÏMeLkœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ∑¶zÏg ÷ıÏ»uCV ¢∞ª‰ÕµU.

1. µÏªeê s∞∂

2. ¢∞rÿ∞[‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U

3. µÏªeês∞∂÷ÏekgngØ

4. ±d∞gnÏk÷ÏekgngØ

5.µrgÏk

÷Ïh·eˆ∞es∞∂

‚ggØ∑ª’ª ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U,µrgÏk ‚∑¥‰ÕU & µÏªÏ» ÷zb≥ ÷uc,‰ªeê¡gØ, —c÷zb≥eˆÿgØ ÷uceı¤,gSd‰ÕUeπeˆÿgØ l¥ ueêr÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿgØ eª’M∑F∑ÏM

¢∞k÷¶ª±gØ gSd‰ÕUeı¤,ÿ∞[‰Õµ ¢ı¡ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤

l¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤,∑∞hn gSd‰ÕUeı¤

‚÷kœeı¤ ‡∂gØ ∑ÏU∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U, ÷uc∑∞ªµ√µa¥V∂¶ªgØ gSd‰ÕUeı¤

ÿc∞r ÷zb≥,—c÷zb≥

‚g[ezbª ∑≥s∞∂eL∂Ú 4–÷U s∞∂nÏk ¢∞k÷¥gØgSd‰ÕU ∞÷µ√c¥eˆÿgØ s∞∂J∞k ¸ª’≥∑FN≥µ√U, lµ[eÏe ∑¥gı¡ scJ∞kuC u∂≈ª’M e∞ªVJ∂Ú ‚g∞∂‰ÏMeı¤‚∑¶h∑F∞∑uC u‰Õcµ√µk.


17

∑¥gØ∑Ï∂Ïk geêı¤ uÏ‰ÕµgÏe gSd‰ÕU ∞÷µ√c¥eˆÿgØs∞∂J∂Ú eÏ[t gÏ¨∑ÏM, ‰¶u∂Ú, l∞ruCu∂Ú, ≈∑µ√Ueı¤,¸zb zn›eêÏe l[eˆÿgc∞nuC uÏÏ»‰Õc¥µ√µ∂Ú, ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr lh∑F∫,∫≈ ÷∑F∑g∞ªµ∂Ú, geêı¤ ∑heµ√ µ∞ª, ln[∞e ÷ı ¢∏¡, ‰e¶∂Ú∑ÏÏ»∞÷ µL≈∂Ú∂Ïµ s∞∂, ÷Ï∏ª∑F ∑[[Ïeˆÿ∞[, ÿ∑F∞∑¢cegÏµ∂Ú & ¸k ¸zbz[[ lªÏ»∑F∑ÏMe∞ı u‰Õcµ√µk. l∑F‚∑ÏUgØu‰ÕceˆSkœ[k!

µ÷teLH¥‰ÕU ∑ÏªgØ e[[ ‚g∞∂ ‰ÏMeLkœ ‰erG™eı¤l∑F‚∑ÏU ˜zbMgØ ‚∑¥‰ÕU g[tgØ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ‚u∞÷e∞ı‰˚kgÏeˆS ¢ce¶µ√µ∂Ú, ‰ªeê¡gØ, —c÷zb≥eˆÿgØ ˙eêgLµ√µ∂Ú,µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™e∞ıeˆ eª’M∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú ¸kœ[ 5–÷U s∞∂nÏk‘µrgÏk ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e’ l∂eˆS∞k ‚‰ÏeˆS∑F ∑nfieˆSkœ[k.17 lkœ∞[nq∂Skœ ±kœkfi ‰erG™eıÏk ∑Ï¶®ƒ, l∂zbªkœ, ‚eÏ∑kœ‚£ekœ,®ƒªÏeˆ‚eÏgØ, VG™e∑F≠Ï», W‚nÏ∂Ú ¸∂Ú∂Ï±gØ µgU µ÷teL∂Ú l¥‰ÕU∑ÏªgØ e[t ∫cn∑F ∑Ï∞µ∞n µ¶¡ un›Uı¤ık.

gSd‰ÕUeπgØ, ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eπgØ geêLkœ ÷Ïh·≈∂ÚgSh·uCV∞nµ√ µrÏU ¸kœ∑∞µ qzÏ»‰ÕU l‰Õµ ‰erG™eı¤ l∑F‚∑ÏU‘µrgÏk ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e’ ¸kœ∑∞µ l∂eêÏeeˆ eÏzbM ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[e∞ı gÏ[i ¢∞geˆSkœ[k.

µ[‚∑ÏU ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ZÏ»÷Ïe ±kœ∞÷eê∑F∑MgØ ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eπgØ, ¢MeˆÿgÏ≥ ÷Ïek stµ√µG™eπgØ ¢÷[[Ï∂Ú eª’MeêªG™eÏµ÷Ïek ¢ce¶∑F∫gØ Æ[ ek‚÷ ‚g∞∂‰ÏMeLkœ ‰erG™eı¤ un›U±≥µ√U, ∑ÏªgØ e[[ µ÷teı¤µÏkœ!

‚g[ uÏkœk, ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ∑¶zÏg ÷ıÏ»uCV∑F ∑≥ s∞∂eL∂Ú3–÷U s∞∂nÏk µÏªeê s∞∂ ÷Ïek gnµ√cH¥‰ÕU, 4–÷Us∞∂nÏk ±d∞gnÏk ÷Ïek gngÏµBeˆÿ ukœ∞k ‰ergØ u∂Ú∂µ√ µÏªG™SJ¥eˆS[U. (Early Motorisation stage to Full MotorisationStage) ¢µÏ÷U ó a¥ V∂¶ªgØ ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¸kœ[ s∞∂JH¥‰ÕU¸∂Ú‚∂Ï¥gØ ÷ÏekgØ ∞÷µ√c¥eˆÿgØ s∞∂∞n ‚‰ÏeˆSuC u∂Ú∂ ukœ∞k ±n[VeˆS[U. (¸∂Ú‚∂Ï¥gØ ÷ÏekgØ ÷ÏG™e∂ÏgÏ, _ªÏµÏ¸kœ∑U lG™ÿ ‚eı¤≈ ¢∂Ú∂. gÏ[Ïe, ¸∂Ú‚∂Ï¥gØ ÷ÏekgØ ÷ÏG™SnÏe‚÷zbMgØ ¸kœ[ ph∂Ú cª’ª—ª’M q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑MS[U ¸kœ∑UµÏkœe÷∞∂nLeêeˆ _≥nU.)

lU ‚µ∞n[[U. –∑µ√µÏkU. lµ[ÿ gÏ[Ïe, ukœ∞k 3–÷Us∞∂nÏk µÏªeê s∞∂ µÏ>nG™S s∞∂JH¥‰ÕU, ‚‰r≥nÏe5–÷U s∞∂nÏk ‘µrgÏk ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e’ s∞∂eˆÿ (Early Motorisation

18

stage to Quality of life Stage) µ÷∞ı∑F ∑Ïn››uCuH∂Ú gÏ[ ±≥øgØ. gÏ[‚÷zbMgØ. lU‚÷ ¢i¡∞ª∞gnÏe ¢∞gøgØ.

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er ¢ı≈∂Ú cku¶ µ>‰∑Ï» ∑nz ÷∞eJ∂Ú‰∞ª, —c÷zb≥, ‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ –Sn÷[ikœ ∑G™ÿ1992l∂Ú 86% –e l¥‰ÕµU 2004l∂Ú 75%–eeˆ ÿ∞[‰ÕU≈ª’ªU.l‚µ eÏ∂eª’ªµ√c∂Ú gSd‰ÕU g[tgØ l¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eLkœ ∑G™ÿ8% –e l¥‰ÕµU 22% –e ¢ce¶µ√U≈ª’ªU.18

lU ukœ∞k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (Sustainable Transport) ±∞[JH¥‰ÕU, s∞∂µ√c¥eêln∂Ïµ ±∞[eˆÿ gÏt÷∞µeˆ eÏª’MS[U. qzb∞gJ∂Ú ‚g∞∂‰ÏMeLkœ ‰erG™eı¤ ¢∞kµ√UgØ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[eıÏk ‰∞ª, —c÷zb≥, ‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ±∞[eπeˆÿgÏ[ e≥kgÏk ±n[Ve∞ı ‚g[ eÏzbMı¤ık. –kÏ∂Ú, ukœ∞k‰e¶∂Ú Æ[ ek‚÷ l¥eˆÿgØ l‰Õµ ‰∂Ú∂ ±∞[e∞ıeˆ eÏ∑F∑Ï[[Ïg∂Ús∞∂∞g ∞e‰d≈∑F ‚∑Ï÷∞µ ‚÷≥eˆ∞e ∑ÏÏ»eˆS‚[ÏgØ. ‚÷t ÷ÏÏ»µ√∞µeL∂Ú _t÷µÏkÏ∂Ú, ‚g∞∂‰ÏMeLkœ ‰erG™eı¤ ÿh‰Õ∞µ∞nµ√

µ÷

∞ı

∑F∑

Ïn›uCu

∂Ú

1. µÏªeê s∞∂

2. ¢∞rÿ∞[‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U

3. µÏªeês∞∂÷ÏekgngØ

4. ±d∞gnÏk÷ÏekgngØ

5.µrgÏk

÷Ïh·eˆ∞es∞∂

‚ggØ∑ª’ª ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U,µrgÏk ‚∑¥‰ÕU & µÏªÏ» ÷zb≥ ÷uc,‰ªeê¡gØ, —c÷zb≥eˆÿgØ ÷uceı¤,gSd‰ÕUeπeˆÿgØ l¥ ueêr÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿgØ eª’M∑F∑ÏM

¢∞k÷¶ª±gØ gSd‰ÕUeı¤,ÿ∞[‰Õµ ¢ı¡ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤

l¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤,∑∞hn gSd‰ÕUeı¤

‚÷kœeı¤ ‡∂gØ ∑ÏU∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U, ÷uc∑∞ªµ√µa¥V∂¶ªgØ gSd‰ÕUeı¤

ÿc∞r ÷zb≥,—c÷zb≥


19

µÏ∞∂µ√U≈ª’Mµ√ ‚µMSkœ[k. ukœ∞k ‰er‚gÏ µkU lM∑FN∂Úl¥eˆÿgØ ÿh‰Õ∞µ∞n ∑ÏUeÏeêµ√ µ÷tgØ ‰ergÏe l¥eˆS[U!

¸k‚÷, ukœ∞k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ‚ggØ∑Mµ√U÷U ¸kœ∑U±µkœ∞gnÏe Æ[ ek‚÷ l¥eˆÿgØ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U(Sustainable Transport) ±∞[e∞ı ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑UµÏkœ. ‰∞ª, —c÷zb≥,‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uceLkœ ∑G™eL∑F∫ geêLkœ gÏµ√µ ∑nzG™eL∂Ú 75%–e l¥∑F∑∞µ ∑ÏUeÏµ√U, ‰˚kgÏeˆS,‚ggØ∑Mµ√U÷UµÏkœ qªk≥µ√ ‚µ∞÷.

3.2. µÏ∞∂‚‰Ïeˆÿ (Vision)

l ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰ergØ ÷Ïhµ√µÿ‰Õµ ‰ergÏe (LiveableCity) ¢∞g÷µ[ÿ ÷∏÷ÿeêeˆ _≥n ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[∞n q¥÷Ïeˆÿµ∂Ú. geêLkœ ÷Ïh·eˆ∞eµ√ µrµ√∞µ(Quality of life) ‚ggØ∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l ‘geê∞ı lnG™euC un›‚÷ÏgØ, ˙Ï»ce∞ı ¢∂Ú∂’ (Movepeople, not vehicle) ¸kœ[ ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Ú ¢∞k÷¶kœ‚µ∞÷e∞ıøgØ \M un›neˆ_≥n, ¢∞k÷¶kœ ±d∞gnÏk ‰∂Ú÷Ïh·¡eˆÿ ÷∏÷ÿeêeˆ_≥n ‘geê∞ı ∞gn∑F∑Mµ√UgØ ugµ√U÷gÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n’¢∞gµ√µ∂Ú.

l ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ÷VeˆÿgØ, ÷LJH¥‰ÕU ukœ∞keˆÿ ÷rl¥eˆÿgØ lkœ∞[n µ∞∂±∞[JkÏ» ¢∞k÷¥eˆÿgÏk‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uce∞ı ±d∞gnÏe ¢LeˆÿgØ ¢‚µ‚‰rµ√c∂Ú & ¸cÏ»÷¥gØ eÏ∂G™eL∂Ú ukœ∞kJ∂Ú÷Ïh∑F‚∑ÏÿgØ ¸cÏ»eÏ∂µ√ µ∞∂±∞[JkÏ» ¢÷Ï»eıU‚µ∞÷e∞ı \M un›÷µ[ÿ ∑Ïc∑FN∂Ú∂Ïµ ÷∞eJ∂Ú,s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (Sustainable Transport)±∞[nÏe ukœ∞k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n gÏ[tµ∂Ú.

3.3 l∂eˆÿ (Goal)

l geêı¤ ¢∞k÷¥gØ & ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr s∞∂, e∂Ú≈, gµgØ,uÏc, ÷nU, ∑ÏHkgØ, qª∂Úc[kœ qª’∑ª ¸‰Õµ∑F ∑Ïÿ∑ÏMgØ lkœi ¢÷r÷Ï» ‚µ∞÷e∞ıøgØ, ‚u∞÷e∞ıøgØeÏ∂µÏgµ‚gÏ, ¢ce∑F ∑Ï¥ª’ u∂‚÷Ï lkœi ¸Lc∂Ú

20

¢∞ªnuC un›neˆ_≥nµÏe ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞ngÏ[tµ∂Ú.

l ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ¸kœ∑U ˙Ï»ceLkœ lneêgØ ¢∂Ú∂.geêLkœ lneêgØ ¸kœ∑∞µ qtc un›µ∂Ú.

l ‚÷t∑ª’ª ÷∞enÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[e∞ı∑F∑nkœ∑Mµ√U‚÷Ï¶kœ geêı¤ µÏ∞e ≈Sµµ√Ueˆÿ Æ[∑¡gØ,¢∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[Jkœ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ (Sustaina-bility) µkœ∞g∞n e¥µ√c∂Ú eÏzbMgØ, ¢∞k÷¥eˆÿgØq¶n q¶∞gnÏk ∑G™ÿ S∞ªeˆÿgØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú ‘‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∂Ú u‡e Ec∞n’ s∞∂‰Ïª’Mµ∂Ú. ÿi∑F∑Ïe, ¢rVkœ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeêÏk sc aUeˆ«ª’≥BgØ, ∑ÏU lªgÏkuÏ∞∂eLBgØ u‡e Ec∞n s∞∂ ‰Ïª’Mµ∂Ú.

l ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eı¤ qª∂Ú‰∂∞køgØ, ¨[tuCph∞∂øgØ ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑µÏe l¥∑F∑∞µ qtc un›µ∂Ú.

l eÏ∂s∞∂ gÏ[[gØ (Climate Change) qı¤Lª’ª ¸cÏ»eÏ∂µ√µ∞∂±∞[Jk¶kœ ÷Ïh·≈∞k ∑ÏceêÏµ ÷∞eJBgØ,E≥µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (Sustainable Transport)±∞[nÏe¡gØ l¥∑F∑∞µ qtc un›µ∂Ú.

l ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ¸kœ∑U ¢∞kµ√Uµ√ µr∑FNk¥eˆÿgØ q¶n ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr ÷ıÏ»uCVeˆÿ ÷∏ ÷ÿ∑F∑µÏe l¥eêuC un›µ∂Ú.

l ukœ∞k ÷Ïhµ√µÿ‰Õµ ‰ergÏe l¥∑F∑∞µ qtc un›µ∂Ú.uÏ∞∂eı¤, µ¥eêı¤ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeêÏk∞÷ gª’Mg∂Ú∂,¢∞÷ geêLkœ u‡e ÷Ïh·≈[eÏk∞÷ ¸kœ∑∞µs∞∂‰Ïª’Mµ∂Ú.

3.4 ÿieˆ‚eÏı¤ (Objective)

l ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞g geêLkœ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U Æ[ ek‚÷ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ÷ıÏ»uCVeˆÿqe‰ÕµµÏe l¥eˆS[U. ¢µ∞k∑F ∑ÏUeÏµ√µ∂Ú.

l ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ∞n∑F ∑nkœ∑Mµ√U÷∞µ ˙eˆÿ≈µ√µ∂Ú,¢ce¶µ√µ∂Ú.

l —c÷zb≥∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n ˙eˆÿ≈µ√µ∂Ú,¢ce¶µ√µ∂Ú.

21

l ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ¢cegÏeˆÿµ∂Ú, ‰˚kgÏeˆÿµ∂Ú.

l µÏ> (–ª’‚ªÏ) ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√∞µ ˙eˆÿ≈µ√µ∂Ú

l ¢∞kµ√U∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eπeˆÿgØ l∞ª‚na¥G™S∞z∑F∞∑ Æ[∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l ÷Ïek stµ√µG™e∞ı ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l µ>nÏÏ» µÏ>nG™S ÷Ïek∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú, eª’M∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l eÏ[t gÏ¨∑Ïª’≥∞køgØ, aH gÏ¨∑Ïª’≥∞køgØ eª’M∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l ¸zb zn›∑F ∑nkœ∑Ïª’∞ªuC VeêkgÏeˆÿµ∂Ú.

l uÏ∞∂‚nÏreˆ e∞ªe∞ıøgØ, µÏ∏∂Úe∞ıøgØ, ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏruC un∂Ú∑ÏMe∞ıøgØ ∑ÏUeÏµ√µ∂Ú, ‚ggØ∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l c[‰Õµ ÷Leı¤, ≠G™eÏeêı¤, ≈∞ınÏM—ªG™e∞ı∑F∑ÏUeÏµ√µ∂Ú, ∑rÏg¶µ√µ∂Ú, ¢cegÏeˆÿµ∂Ú.

l µ¥eê∞ı ÷ÏekG™eLª—¥‰ÕU ˜ª’M geêπeˆÿ¢Lµ√µ∂Ú. ÿ≥J¥∑F∫∑F ∑ÿceL∂Ú ÷Ïek∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞keˆ eª’M∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú.

l ∑¨∞g∑F ∑ÿce∞ıøgØ, grG™e∞ıøgØ ∑ÏUeÏµ√µ∂Ú,¢cegÏeˆÿµ∂Ú.

l ≈∑µ√Ue∞ıµ√ µ≈Ï»µ√µ∂Ú

l EÏ»÷∏ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c[ÿ ÷∏ un›µ∂Ú

‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤

3.5.1. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ‚ggØ∑ÏM

ukœ∞kJkœ gÏµ√µ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∂Ú 28% ‰∞ª∑F∑nzG™eı¤‡∂‚g ‰∞ª ∑tS[U.19 –kÏ∂Ú, ¸‰Õµ a¥ uÏ∞∂JBgØ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ±∞[nÏe ¢∞geê∑F∑ª≈∂Ú∞∂. ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂e∞ı–eˆSr—µ√U ∑nfi∑F‚∑ÏÏ» ‰ª∑F∑÷Ï»eı¤ ¢∂Ú∂, –kÏ∂Ú, ukœ∞kJkœuÏ∞∂ ≈∑µ√UeL∂Ú l[∑F‚∑Ï¶∂Ú 31% ‚∑¥gØ, eÏng∞ª‚÷Ï¶∂Ú 25%‚∑¥gØ ∑ÏµuÏ¶eı¤µÏkœ. lU un›nÏµ ÿ[[µ√Ueˆÿeˆ S∞ªeˆÿgØµzbª∞k!20

22

‰∞ª∑F∑nzgØ a¥ —euCV[‰Õµ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[. lµkÏ∂Ú,¨[tuCph∂Ú gÏ¨∑M÷c∂Ú∞∂. ˚zb u∂¡eı¤ l∂Ú∞∂. qª∂Ú‰∂µ√c[ÿ qe‰Õµ qª[∑J[VnÏe ¢∞gS[U. qª[∑¥g∞keˆÿ∞[eˆS[U. Æ∞heLkœ ±µkœ∞gnÏk ∑nz ÷∞e ‰∞ªµÏkœ. ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¢∞kµ√U∑F N¶≈k¥gØ ¢cegÏe ∑nfi∑F∑U ÿ∞[‰Õµ µÏ∞∂¡ ‚µ∞÷eπeêÏeµ√µÏkœ. lµ√µ∞en ÿ∞[‰Õµ „r∑F∑nzG™eπeˆÿ —euCV[‰ÕµU ‰∞ª∑F∑nzgØµÏkœ.

‰∞ª∑F∑nzgØ ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uªkœ l∞z‰ÕµU. ‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ» ÷zb≥∑F ∑nzgØ a÷° ÷ÏkœtªPgØ lrzbM ‰∞ª∑F∑nzG™eı¤ l∞z‰ÕUı¤ık. ¸k‚÷, ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰ergØ±d∞geˆÿgØ ‰∞ª∑F∑nz ÷uce∞ı ‚ggØ∑Mµ√UgØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú & ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er ‰∞ª∑F∑nzµ√ cª’ªgØ akœi∞k geêı¤∑G™‚e[∫ªkœ q¥÷ÏeˆS un∂Ú∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ. ¢µ√µ∞en un∂Úcª’ªgØ Nkœ÷¥gØ ¢gØuG™e∞ı qı¤ıªeˆSnµÏe l¥eê‚÷zbMgØ.

1. ¢∞kµ√U uÏ∞∂eLBgØ l¥∫[±gØ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ¢÷[ikœ ÿ∞[‰Õµ∑ª’u ¢e∂gØ s¥zJeê∑F∑ª’M, ¢µ∞k ¢∞kµ√U uÏ∞∂eLBgØ eª’ªÏngÏeê‚÷zbMgØ. (uÏ∞∂Jkœ ¢e∂gØ ÿ∞[÷Ïe l¥eˆÿ—ªG™eL∂Ú÷Ïek∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeêÏk lªgØµÏkœ ÿ∞[eê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.‰∞ª∑Ï∞µJkœ ¢e∂µ√∞µeˆ ÿ∞[eêeˆ _ªÏU. l÷°÷Ït un›÷µÏ∂Ú ÷Ïek∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÿ∞[‰ÕU, geêı¤ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‚ggØ∑Ïª∞ªøgØ).

2. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeLkœ qnrgØ ÷∞rnteê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. l‰ÕµqnrgÏkU ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ∞n –eˆSr—eêÏg∂ÚµM∑F∑µÏe l¥eˆÿgØ ¢‚µ ‚÷∞ıJ∂Ú, ±cn÷Ï», ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤Æ[eˆ_≥nµÏe¡gØ l¥eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

3. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeLkœ ÿteˆ‚e —kœuÏr∑F ∑ª’≥eı¤, µÏ∞∂µ√ µÏªÏ»∫ ∑ª’≥eı¤, µ¥≈ıeˆÿeı¤, ≈ıgØ∑r∑F ∑∂∞eeı¤,÷Ï»µ√µe st÷kG™eLkœ ¢i≈∑F∫eı¤, e∞ªeLkœ ∑≥eı¤,eµ¡eı¤ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ¸U¡gØ µ∞ªnÏe l¥eêeˆ _ªÏU.

4. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeˆ e∞ªeı¤ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeLkœ ¬Ï» ¢G™egÏe l¥eê‚÷zbMgØ. ¢∞÷, ‰ª∑F∑µ[ÿ l∞ª Âu∂Ú l∂Ú∂Ïµ÷Ït ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√µ∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMg. ‚µ∞÷nÏk lªG™eL∂Ú ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeê∞ªeı¤, ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ lrzbMeˆÿgØ ‚µ∞÷nÏk ¢ı¡eˆÿ

23

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeLkœ ¢e∂gØ ¢cegÏeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

(‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeˆ e∞ªeı¤ ∑ÏµuÏ¶eπeˆÿ l∞ª˘Âu∂Ïe l∂Ú∞∂.

gÏ[Ïe, ¢÷Ï»eπeˆÿ ‚u∞÷nL∑F∑k÷Ïeµ√µÏkœ l¥eˆS[U.

_ª‚÷, ‰ª∑F∑÷Ï»eπeˆÿ ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑Ïe¡gØ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeˆ

e∞ªeı¤ l¥eˆSkœ[k ó ∫Uc∂ÚHJ∂Ú ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µJ∂Ú ‰ªeê

geêı¤ ¢uCu∑F∑M÷U ‚∑Ïkœ[ s∞∂ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú l∂Ú∂Ïµµ[ÿ,

lG™‚e –G™eÏG™‚e e∞ªeı¤ l¥∑F∑UgØ, ¢µkÏ∂Ú ‰ªgÏª’ªgØ

l¥∑F∑UgØ a¥ eÏrzgØ ó ¸k‚÷, ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeˆ e∞ªe∞ı

¢∑F∫[∑F∑Mµ√µeˆ _ªÏU. ‚µ∞÷nÏk lªG™eL∂Ú ¢÷Ï»eLkœ

∑G™‚e[∫ªkœ ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√µ∂ÏgØ).

5. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeπeˆÿgØ ‚∑¥‰ÕU stµ√µG™eπeˆÿgØ ‚‰r≥nÏk

µÏªÏ»∫ l¥eˆÿgØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µe∞ı ÷≥÷∞geê

‚÷zbMgØ.

6. qª∂Ú ˙k±[‚[ÏÏ», ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤, ±cn÷Ï»eı¤ ∑nkœ∑Mµ√UgØ

÷∞eJ∂Ú ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µe∞ı ¢∞geê ‚÷zbMgØ.

7. ‰ª∑F∑÷Ï»eı¤ uÏ∞∂e∞ıeˆ eªeê ÆU÷Ïe ¢∞kµ√U

uÏ∞∂eLBgØ ‚µ∞÷nÏk lªG™eL∂Ú µ∞rgª’ª ¢ı≈‚∂‚n

‘∑ÏµuÏ¶eı¤ eªeˆÿgØ’ ∑ÿceı¤ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. —e¡gØ

µ≈Ï»eê ln∂Ïµ lªgØ k q¶n –n›¡eı¤ ‡∂gØ s‹Neê∑F∑ª’ª

a¥V∂ lªG™eL∂Ú gª’M‚g ‰ª∑F∑µ[eÏk ‚ggØ∑Ï∂‚gÏ, rG™e

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ‚nÏ ¢∞geê∂ÏgØ. ¢÷[i∂Ú ‰e¥gØ ∑≥eêª’Meı¤

¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ∑zbeı¤, ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ∑nkœ∑Mµ√UgØ

÷∞eJ∂Ú ‚ggØ∑Ï∂ & ¨rG™e ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ ÷LuCuµ√UªPgØ

„n›∞gnÏe¡gØ ∑rÏg¶eê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

8. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ ¢∞kµ√UgØ „n›∞gnÏe∑F ∑ÏUeÏeê∑F∑ª

‚÷zbMgØ. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeL∂Ú sh∂Ú µ¥gØ grG™e∞ı ÷ıÏ»eê

‚÷zbMgØ.

9. uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú u∂ÚBgØ ÷ÏekG™eLkœ uª’ª◊cnÏk ‚÷e

¢ı≈∞k ¢∞÷ ˜[Ïg∂Ú l¥∑F∑∞µ qtc∑F∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

˜t‚÷Ï∞r µzb≥eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

10. ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ ÷∞rnteê∑F∑ª’ª NkœkÏ», ∫cn –eˆSr—∑F∫eı¤,

‚uµ∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú, ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ, ÿ∑F∞∑eˆ eÏª’Mµ∂Ú,

≈ıgØ∑rgØ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ¸µ∞køgØ ¢÷[i∂Ú ¢Pgceêeˆ _ªÏU.

24

1.50 ˜ª’ªÏ» 1,200 800

2.00 ˜ª’ªÏ» 2,400 1,600

2.50 ˜ª’ªÏ» 3,600 2,400

3.00 ˜ª’ªÏ» 4,800 3,200

4.00 ˜ª’ªÏ» 6,000 4,000

a¥ gfi‚‰rµ√c∂Ú eªeˆÿgØ geêı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e

a¥ c∞uJ∂Ú l¥ c∞ueLBgØ

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ¢e∂gØ

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ¢e∂gØ

l‰Õcn uÏ∞∂eı¤ ¢∞g∑F∫ (Indian Road Congress) ÷ÿµ√Uı¤ı≈ceLkœ∑≥ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ Nkœ÷¥gÏt¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

l uÏ∞∂Jkœ l¥∫[G™eLBgØ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª‚÷zbMgØ.

l ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeLkœ ¢e∂gØ ¢‰Õµ uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú u∂ÚBgØgeêı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞eeˆÿ Æ[∑ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.–kÏ∂Ú, ¸‰Õµ a¥ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µøgØ akœ[∞r ˜ª’ªÏ»¢e∂µ√Ueˆÿ ÿ∞[nÏg∂Ú ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

e∞ªµ√ µ¥eêL∂Ú l‰Õµ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ¢e∂µ√c∂Ú ‚gBgØ_Mµ∂Ïe a¥ ˜ª’ªÏ» l∞zeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂ngØ, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ s∞∂ngØ, ∑ÏdU‚∑Ïeˆÿ∑ÿc, ≠G™eÏ –Sn lªG™eL∂Ú l‰Õµ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ¢e∂gØ‚µ∞÷eˆ‚e[∑ ¢ce¶eê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

‰∞ª ∑Ï∞µeL∂Ú ‚∑Ïcn ÷LuCugØ µ¥gØ ≈ıeˆÿeı¤¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ∑ÏµuÏ¶eı¤ ¢g¥gØ l¥eˆ∞eeı¤,‚µ∞÷nÏk lªG™eL∂Ú VtEÏ» e∏∑FNªG™eı¤, uÏ∞∂ ÷∏eÏª’≥∑F∑ªG™eı¤, sh∂Úµ¥gØ grG™eı¤ ‚∑Ïkœ[∞÷øgØ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª‚÷zbMgØ.

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ¢e∂ ≈c±∞[

Rakesh K.S., Evaluation of the pedestrian environment - A Qualitative approach -Case study of Theagaraya Nagar - the commercial hub of Chennai city.

(Indian Road Congress)

25

ó ‚g[ezbª ¢∞kµ√∞µøgØ qı¤ıªeˆSnµÏe ‘‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤ un∂Úcª’ªgØ’ q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. l‚µ‚∑Ïkœt ∑ı¤L∑F∑ÿceπeêÏk V[∑F∫µ√ cª’ªµ√∞µ qªk≥nÏe q¥÷ÏeˆS un∂Ú∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.2. —c÷zb≥

ukœ∞kJ∂Ú gÏµ√µ∑F ∑nzG™eL∂Ú 13% —c÷zb≥eı¤

‡∂gÏe ‰∞ª ∑tSkœ[k.21 –kÏ∂Ú, uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú lµ[ ek V[∑F∫

÷∏‚nÏ, ÷uce‚ıÏ l∂Ú∞∂. —c÷zb≥eı¤ gÏ¨∑Mµ√µÏg∂Ú, ¢ce

u∂¡ l∂Ú∂Ïg∂Ú ÿtSn g[tgØ ‰Mµ√µrµ√ µÏ∞∂¡∑F ∑nzG™

eπeˆÿ qe‰ÕµµÏe ¢∞gSkœ[k. ukœ∞kJ∂Ú qª∂Ú∑¥gkœ –∑µ√U

¢cegÏS ÷¥÷∞µ µ≈Ï»eˆÿgØ ¸Ln, ln∂Ú∑Ïk qª[∑J[VnÏe¡gØ

—c÷zb≥ ¢∞gS[U.

ukœ∞kJkœ ∑Ïcnı¡eˆÿgØ ¢cegÏk ∑nzG™eπeˆÿ

—c÷zb≥‚n —euCV[‰Õµ ÷ÏekgØ. efiugÏk geêı¤ —c÷zb≥∞n∑F

∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ≈¥gØNkÏBgØ ¢U ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑ÏkµÏe l∂Ú∞∂. ÿi∑F∑Ïe

∑ı¤L u∂Ú‚÷Ï¥eˆÿ qe‰ÕµµÏe —c÷zb≥ l¥‰Õµ‚∑ÏcBgØ,

∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫ e¥c ¢÷Ï»eı¤ ÷ÏekG™e∞ı ‰Ïª‚÷zb≥øı¤ıU.

¸k‚÷, ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú —c÷zb≥∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ

eÏk µ>µ√ cª’ªµ√∞µ ÷ÿµ√U un∂Ú∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

‚∑¥‰ÕUgØ lµr ˙Ï»ceπgØ

a¥ ‚∑¥‰ÕU ±∞[‚n 60 l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eı¤,30 µÏ>eı¤, 20 gSd‰ÕUeπeˆÿ l∞znÏk ∑nfie∞ı Æ[iuC u∂ÚBgØ. ¸k‚÷µÏkœ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[G™eLkœ—euCV[‰Õµ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷ucnÏe ‚∑¥‰ÕU e¥µ∑F∑MS[U.

a¥ ‰∑¶kœ a¥ S‚∂Ï˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡ ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑nzµ√c∞k ¢‚µ µÏ∞∂¡ gSd‰ÕU g[tgØl¥ueêr ÷Ïek∑F ∑nzµ√Uªkœ a∑FNª’ªÏ∂Ú ¢UNkœ÷¥gÏt ¢∞gøgØ.

26

3.5.3. ‚∑¥‰ÕU

ukœ∞k geêLkœ aª’M gÏµ√µ∑F ∑nzG™eL∂Ú lkœ∞[eˆÿgØ±µHªµ√c∂Ú l¥∑F∑∞÷ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤µÏkœ. ∑¥gØ∑Ïkœ∞g geêLkœcku¶∑F ∑nzgØ ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ ‰gØN‚n ‰ª‰ÕU eÏzb≥¥eˆS[U. –kÏ∂Úlµ√µ∞keˆ eÏ∂gÏe –ª’V ‰ªµ√cn ¢ruÏG™eG™eı¤ ‚∑¥‰ÕUe∞ıøgØ∫[eêfiµ√‚µ ÷‰Õµk.

gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞eøgØ ∑nfieı¤ ¢ı¡gØ(1992 & 2004)

gSd‰ÕU l¥ueêr ÷ÏekgØ

¸¶ueˆc ‚µ∞÷ ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª5 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ 2.6 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ

¸zb zn› u∂¡ ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª11.8 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ 6.8 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ

uÏ∞∂J∂Ú lªgØ ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª ‚∑¥‰Õ∞µ≈ª38 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ 54 gªG™ÿ ¢cegØ

(Towards Cleaner Air in our city, CEE, Pune, The Hindu 06-03-2006)

(Bus System Operation in Chennai, Seminar on Transportation in Chennai,Anna University)

–zbM ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ∑nfieı¤

1992 2353 35 ∂ª’ugØ

1998 2894 40 ∂ª’ugØ

1999 2806 43 ∂ª’ugØ

2006 2773 33 ∂ª’ugØ

‚g[ezbª ∫ı¤L≈÷rG™eLkœ∑≥ 1998–gØ –zb≥∂Ú 2894¸kœ[ ¸zbfieˆ∞enÏe l¥‰Õµ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ 2006–gØ –zb≥∂Ú2773–eeˆ ÿ∞[‰Õµk. –kÏ∂Ú, 1992&2006 l∞ª‚n gSd‰ÕUeLkœ¸zbfieˆ∞e l¥ gªG™eÏe¡gØ, l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e‰Ïkœÿ gªG™eÏe¡gØ ¢ce¶µ√µk.

27

1991&2006 l∞ª‚n ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑F ∑nfieı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e 43∂ª’uµ√cH¥‰ÕU 33 ∂ª’ugÏeeˆ ÿ∞[‰ÕµU.22 l÷°÷Ït ∑µ√U ∂ª’ugØ ‚∑Ï»‚∑¥‰ÕU∑F ∑nzµ√∞µ ∞e≈ª ¢÷Ï»eı¤ ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑F ∑nzµ√∞µ≈¥gØ∑ÏµU eÏrzg∂Ú∂. ‚∑¥‰ÕU ÷uceı¤ ÿ∞[eê∑F∑ª’ªUµÏkœeÏrzgØ.

ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ‚∑¥‰ÕU g[tgØ l¥ ueêr ÷Ïek∑F ∑nzG™eLkœ ≈SµgØ(1992&2004)

gÏµ√µ∑F ∑nzG™eL∂Ú ∑G™ÿ 1992 2004 gÏ[[gØ

‚∑¥‰ÕU 39% 29% &10%

l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekgØ 7% 18% + 11%


gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n ¢cegÏeêµ√ µ÷inµkœ ≈∞ı÷Ïe ‰Mµ√µr g[tgØ Æ∞heı¤ µgU ¢∞rÿ∞[ ‚u—∑F∫e∞ıeˆ eÏzbM µÏ>nG™S l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™e∞ı µ÷∞z±∞[J∂Ú ÷ÏG™ÿgØ eª’ªÏnµ√c∂Ú µı¤ı∑F∑ª’ª∞µ lU eÏª’MS[U.lµkÏ∂ÚµÏkœ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú l¥ueêr ÷Ïek ¸zbfieˆ∞e ë µÏtgÏ[Ïe¢ce¶µ√µU. ( ukœ∞kJkœ gÏµ√µ ÷Ïek zbfieˆ∞eJ∂Ú l¥ueêr÷ÏekG™eı¤ gª’M‚g 76% –ÿgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, ±∞[‚n c∂ÚHJ∂Ú 67%,±gØ∞∑J∂Ú 41%, eÏ∂Úeµ√µÏ≈∂Ú 43% ¸kœ[ ¢ı≈∂ÚµÏkœ l¥ueêr÷ÏekG™eı¤ qı¤ık).23

¢zb∞geˆ eÏ∂G™eL∂Ú gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eheµ√ckœ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n µ—he ¢r¨ ¢ce¶µ√Uı¤ıU ÷r‚÷[eeˆ_≥nµÏÿgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, lU‚∑ÏUgÏkU ¢∂Ú∂. ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ‚∑¥‰ÕU÷uce∞ı ¢ce¶∑F∑c∂Ú ±[‚∑ÏeêÏk gÏ[[G™e∞ıeˆ eÏzbM÷r‚÷zbMgØ. ¢∞÷ Nkœ÷¥gØ ¢gØuG™e∞ı qı¤ıªeˆSnµÏe l¥eê‚÷zbMgØ:

1. gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eheµ√ckœ ‡∂gØ ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er¢ı≈∂Ú lneê∑F∑MgØ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞nÿ∞[‰Õµ∑ª’ugØ 6000 ‚∑¥‰ÕUeıÏe ¢ce¶eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

2. gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eheµ√ckœ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeL∂Ú 8 –zbMeπeˆÿ ‚g∂Ïe ¬MgØ ∑∞hn ‚∑¥‰ÕUe∞ı gÏ[t÷U ¢rVkœ eÏı¤∞enÏe l¥eê ‚÷zbMgØ.24 k‚÷, ª’M –zbMeπeˆÿ

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‚g∂Ú –ÿgØ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeˆÿ ∑c∂Ïe ∫cn ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ÷ÏG™e∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

3. ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLkœ V[‰Õµ lneêµ√c[ÿ a¥ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeˆÿ 7.5 ±µ∂Ú8.2 ¸kœ[ ¢ı≈∂Ú ˙∏nÏ»eı¤ ‚µ∞÷. ¸k‚÷, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤¸zbfieˆ∞eeˆÿ Æ[∑ ˙∏nÏ»eLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞nøgØ¢cegÏeê ‚÷zbMgØ.

4. ¢∞kµ√U∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂nG™eπgØ ‰˚kgÏeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeêÏe geêı¤ ¢ce µÏ∞∂¡ ‰ªeêµ√ ‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∂Ïµ ÷∞eJ∂Ú ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂nG™eı¤ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.¢÷[∞[ ¸Lc∂Ú ¢Ôeeˆ_≥n ÷∞eJ∂Ú ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeı¤¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ‚g∞∂ ‰ÏMeL∂Ú qı¤ıU ‚∑Ïkœt,—c÷zb≥e∞ı ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂nµ√c‚∂‚n ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑Ïe≈ª’MuC u∂Ú∂ —c÷zb≥ stµ√µG™eı¤ ‚÷zbMgØ.

5. ∑ı¤L gÏz÷Ï»eπeˆÿ ¢Leê∑F∑MgØ l∂÷u∑F ∑nz¢ª’∞ª∞n∑F ∑nkœ∑Mµ√c, ¸∂Ú∂Ï ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLBgØ ∑nfieê¢Pgceê ‚÷zbMgØ. (gÏ[Ïe, uÏµÏrz∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeˆÿgª’MgØµÏkœ uB∞e ¸keˆ _[eˆ_ªÏU.)

6. ‚∑¥‰ÕU ≈∞r¡∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (Bus Rapid Transit - BRT)±∞[∞n ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¢i±e∑F∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ. lµ[eÏk,uÏµ√cneˆ_te∞ı qªk≥nÏe –n›¡ un›n ‚÷zbMgØ.

BRT ¸kœ[Ï∂Ú ¸kœk?

“‚∑¥‰ÕUe∞ıeˆ eÏzbM ≈∞r÷Ïe¡gØ, uÏÿuÏe¡gØ,ÿ∞[‰Õµ u∂≈∂Ú ‰eÏ»∑F∫[G™eL∂Ú ∑nzgØ un›neˆ_≥n U¶µ∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[µÏkœ” BRT & ‚∑¥‰ÕU ≈∞r¡∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (Bus Rapid Transit) ±∞[ ¸k∑F∑MS[U. qzb∞gJ∂Ú,‰˚k gª’‚rÏ rJ∂Ú µ¥gØ ¢∞kµ√U≈µgÏk ÷uce∞ıøgØ‚∑¥‰ÕUe∞ıeˆ eÏzb‚ª ∑t÷UµÏkœ BRT –ÿgØ.

‰˚kgÏk∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤, ‰˚kgÏk∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂nG™eı¤, µ>∑F∑Ï∞µ, ∑nzuCWª’M ±∞[ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ¢∞kµ√cBgØ∫U∞ge∞ıeˆ eÏzbªUµÏkœ BRT. Nkœ÷¥gØ µkœ∞geL∂ÚV∂÷[∞[‚nÏ, ∑∂÷[∞[‚nÏ ¢U eÏzbªµÏe l¥eˆÿgØ(¸∂Ú∂Ï÷[∞[øgØ eÏzb≥¥eêµ√ ‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∞∂).

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BRTlkœ ¢G™eG™eı¤

H ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeˆÿµ√ µ>÷∏ (–kÏ∂Ú, ¸∂Ú∂Ï lªµ√cBgØeª’ªÏng∂Ú∂)

H ‰˚k∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂nG™eı¤. ‚∑¥‰ÕUeLkœ ©∞h÷ÏJBgØ, ‚∑¥‰ÕU s∞∂n±gØ ug qnrµ√c∂Ú l¥eˆÿgØ.(lrJ∂Ú s∞∂nµ√c∂Ú s∞∂nµ√ckœ µı±gØ, ÷zb≥Jkœµı±gØ uggÏe l¥∑F∑U ‚∑Ï∂) lµkÏ∂Ú, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeˆÿ∑≥ ‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∞∂.

H ∑nzuCWª’Meı¤ ‚∑¥‰ÕUeL∂Ú S∞ªeêÏU. ‚∑¥‰ÕUs∞∂nG™eL‚∂‚n ∑nzuCWª’≥∞k ÷ÏG™e ‚÷zbMgØ.(lrJ∂Ú s∞∂nG™eL∂Ú qı¤ıU ‚∑Ï∂.) lµkÏ∂Ú,∑nfieı¤ ≈∞r÷Ïe Æ[, l[G™e lnBgØ.

H ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ¢c ‰˚kgÏk∞÷nÏe, ¢e∂gÏkeˆ eµ¡eπªkœ l¥eˆÿgØ.

H ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ÷¥∞e ¢i≈∑F∫ —kœkÔ gngÏeê∑F∑MgØ.a÷° ÷Ï¥ s∞∂nµ√cBgØ ¸‰Õµ lªµ√c[ÿ ¢Mµ√µ∑F‚∑¥‰ÕU ¸µ√µ∞k ≈kÏ≥eL∂Ú ÷¥gØ ¸kœ∑U —kœkÔµ√c∞r ‡∂±gØ, ¢i≈∑F∫eı¤ ‡∂±gØ U∂ÚHngÏe¢Leê∑F∑MgØ.

H ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ ph∞∂ gÏ¨∑Mµ√µÏµ ¸¶ ∑Ï¥L∂Ú lnG™ÿgØ.

‚g[ezbª µkœ∞geı¤ V∂÷[∞[‚nÏ, ¢∞kµ√∞µø‚gÏ eÏzbªµÏe lªµ√c[‚e[∑ BRT cª’ªG™eı¤ ¢∞geê∑F∑MSkœ[k. l‰ÕcnÏ≈∂Ú ¢egµÏ∑Ïµ√, ∫Uc∂ÚH, ≈uÏe∑F∑ª’≥kgØ,∫‚k, l‰Õ„Ï», on›∑F≠Ï», ‚∑Ï∑Ï∂Ú –Sn ‰erG™eL∂Ú BRT cª’ªgØ¢∞geê∑F∑MS[U.

(Bus Rapid Transit - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers inDeveloping Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)

7. q∂Skœ ¸∂Ú∂Ï∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eπgØ Æ‚µÏ a¥÷∞eJ∂ÚgÏ>ngØ ¢Leê∑F∑M∑∞÷ µÏkœ. l‰ÕcnÏ≈∂Ú uÏ∞∂ ÷uc,‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ, ÷ÏekgØ stµ√µ l∂÷u lªgØ, ∑ª’‚rÏHn∑F ∑Ï¥ª’eπeˆÿ gÏ>ngØ, ÷¶≈∂eˆÿ ¸k∑F ∑∂ ÷∏eLBgØgSd‰ÕUeπeˆÿ ∑ÏU scJH¥‰ÕU g∞[±egÏe gÏ>ngØ¢Leê∑F∑MS[U.25 ¸k‚÷, µ—he ¢r¨ gÏ‰er∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ

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÷rµ√Ueˆ eheµ√c[ÿ gÏ>ngØ ¢Lµ√U ‚∑¥‰ÕUeˆ eª’ªzµ√∞µeˆÿ∞[eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

8. l‰ÕcnÏ≈kœ ¸‰Õµ ‡∞∂JBgØ ¢r¨∑F ‚∑¥‰ÕUeˆ eheG™e∞ı≈ª, µ>nÏÏ» ‚∑¥‰ÕUeı¤ V[‰Õµ ±∞[J∂Ú lnG™e≈∂Ú∞∂.¸∂Ú∂Ï lªG™eLBgØ ¢r¨∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ eheG™e‚ı V[∑F∑Ïe un∂Ú∑MSkœ[k. lµ∞k∑F ∑∂ –n›¡eπgØ gn›∑FNµ√Uı¤ık.26 ¸k‚÷, ukœ∞kJkœ ‚∑¥‰ÕU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[J∂Ú a¥‚∑ÏUgØ µ>nÏ∞r ¢Pgceêeˆ _ªÏU. ¢U‚µ∞÷n[[U.

9. ¢∞kµ√U ‚∑¥‰ÕU ±∞[e∞ıøgØ a¥G™S∞zµ√U ‘‚∑¥‰ÕU‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ ‰˚kgngÏeê∂Ú, c[gØ∑ª ∑nkœ∑Mµ√Uµ∂Úcª’ªgØ’ akœi∞k (Bus System Modernisation & Optimisation Initia-tive) Æ[∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ. ‚∑¥‰ÕU eª’ª∞g∑F∫e∞ı ‚gBgØc[gØ∑ª ∑nkœ∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú, ∑∂÷∞e ‚∑¥‰ÕUe∞ı c[gØ∑ªe∂‰ÕU lneˆÿ÷µkœ ‡∂gØ ∑nfieı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n ¢cegÏeˆÿµ∂Ú, ‚∑¥‰ÕU ∑nzµ√∞µ uÏÿuÏeˆÿµ∂Ú, ¸zb zn›VeêkgØ, ÿ∞[‰Õµ u∂¡, ¢ce ÷¥gÏkgØ, ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫, gÏ¨∑Ïª’∞ª ÿ∞[µ√µ∂Ú ¸kœ ¢∞kµ√∞µøgØ lU qı¤ıªeê‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.4. µÏªÏ» ÷zb≥

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú lnG™ÿgØ ‰eÏ»∑F∫[µ√ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥eLkœ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n ¢cegÏeê ‚÷zbMgØ. µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ±∞[eˆÿgØ‚∑¥‰ÕUeπeˆÿgØ l∞ª‚n a¥G™S∞z∑F∞∑ Æ[∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.(¸Mµ√UeêÏª’ªÏe & ¢∞kµ√Uµ√ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ s∞∂nG™eL∂Ú ‚∑¥‰ÕUstµ√µG™e∞ı ¢∞gµ√µ∂Ú, a‚r ∑nzuCWª’≥∂Ú lrzb≥BgØ ∑nfiµ√µ∂Ú‚∑Ïkœ[∞÷)

uG™e∂Ú∑ª’M, ÿgØ—≥∑F≠zb≥, c¥÷ı¤ÙÏ», ‚÷ıuC‚u¶ ¸k‰Ïkœÿ ÷∏µ√µªG™eLBgØ lnG™ÿgØ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ‚u∞÷∞n gkœ‚gBgØ ‰˚kgÏeˆSøgØ, ÷zb≥eLkœ ¸zbfieˆ∞e∞n¢cegÏeˆSøgØ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ±∞[∞n ‰˚k gª’‚rÏ¡eˆÿl∞znÏe gÏ[[ ‚÷zbMgØ. l÷°÷Ït un›÷U ukœ∞keˆÿ gª’‚rÏcª’ªµ√∞µeˆ eÏzbM÷¥÷∞µ≈ª ¢ce ∑nkœµ¥gØ.

3.5.5. µÏ> (–ª’‚ªÏ)

‰eÏ»∑F∫[∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∂Ú µÏ>eı¤ —e ±eˆSngÏk lªµ√∞µ∑FN≥eˆSkœ[k. ¢∞÷ gSd‰ÕUe∞ı∑F ‚∑Ïkœt ¢ce lªµ√∞µ

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¢∞ª∑F∑c∂Ú∞∂. a‚r –ı¤ ∑nfieˆÿgØ s∞∂øgØ l∂Ú∞∂. ÷Ïekstµ√µµ√ ‚µ∞÷øgØ ÿ∞[¡µÏkœ. gSd‰ÕUeπªkœ a∑FNª’ªÏ∂Úgeêπeˆÿ ¢ce u∂¡ l∂Ú∞∂. ¸k‚÷, µÏ>eı¤ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k¢r¨ ˙eê∑F∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

µÏ> ¬ª’M‰Ï»eπeˆÿ eª’M∑F∑≥nÏeeˆ_≥n ÷∞eJ∂Ú µÏ>eª’ªzµ√∞µ c¥µ√c ¢∞gµ√U ¢∞kµ√U µÏ>eLBgØ ˜ª’ªÏ»eª’ªÏngÏeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ÷Ïª∞e µÏ> ¬ª’MkÏ»e∞ıøgØ∑ª’≥nHª’M ¢÷Ï»eı¤ uÏ‰ÕµgÏe µÏ> ÷ÏG™e gÏ>nµ√Uªkœ _≥n÷ª’≥J∂Ú∂Ï ¨∂∑µ√µ÷∞z eªkœ ÷hG™e ‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.6. ‰¶u∂Ú eª’ªzgØ

‰¶u∂Ïk ‚‰rG™eL∂Ú ‰e¥eˆÿı¤ ¢∂Ú∂U ±µkœ∞gnÏk∑ÿceπeˆÿı¤ µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ©∞h÷µ[ÿ eª’ªzgØ ≈ceˆÿgØ±∞[ l∑F‚∑ÏU ∑∂ ‰erG™eLBgØ Nr∑∂gÏS ÷¥S[U. ÿi∑F∑Ïe,VG™e∑F≠Ï», l∂zbªkœ –Sn ‰erG™eL∂Ú lgØ±∞[ —e ÷[iergÏe un∂Ú∑Ïª’≥∂Ú qı¤ıU. ‚rÏgØ, ‚eÏ∑kœ‚£ekœ, ≥kœ∑‚rÏ, ®ƒªÏeˆ‚eÏgØ‚∑Ïkœ[ ∑∂ ‰erG™eπgØ lgØ±∞[eˆÿ gÏiøı¤ık.27

‰¶u∂Ú ‚‰rµ√c∂Ú uÏ∞∂J∂Ú ©∞høgØ _Mµ∂Ú ÷ÏekG™eıÏ∂ÚÆ[ ek‚÷ ∑nzgØ un›‚÷Ï¥gØ, ‚∑¥‰ÕUeL∂Ú ∑nfi∑F‚∑Ï¥gØ ‰¶uH∂Ú VeˆS ¸∂Ú‚∂Ï¥gØ eÏ∂µÏgµµ√µÏ∂Ú ∑Ïceê∑F∑MSkœ[kÏ».¸k‚÷, ‰¶u∂Ïk uÏ∞∂J∂Ú, ‰¶u∂Ïk ‚‰rµ√c∂Ú ∑nzgØ un›øgØµ>nÏÏ» gSd‰ÕUeı¤ ˜U µ>eêª’ªzgØ ≈c∑F∑µÏ∂Ú ‰¶u∂Úÿ∞[S[U. ∑nzgØ ¸LµÏS[U. _ª‚÷, ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n‚ggØ∑Mµ√µ scøgØ S∞ªeˆS[U. ‰¶u∂Ú eª’ªzgØ ≈ceˆÿgØ‚∑ÏU¢µ∞k ÷pH∑F∑µ[eÏe ÷ÏekG™e∞ı stµ√µ‚÷Ï, rWUeı¤÷hG™e‚÷Ï ‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∞∂. lµ[ e∂Ú∂ÏgØ ¸Ln ‰˚kµ√ µÏ∏∂Ú©ª’∑G™eı¤ ‰∞ª±∞[J∂Ú l¥eˆSkœ[k.

¸k‚÷, ¢ce ‰¶u∂Ú qı¤ı a¥V∂ uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú, ‰¶u∂Ïk‚‰rG™eL∂Ú µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ©∞hn ‰¶u∂Ú eª’ªzgØ ≈ceˆÿgØ±∞[∞n ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¢i±e∑F∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ. lµ∞k‰∞ª±∞[∑F∑Mµ√µ, VG™e∑F≠¶∞k ±kœgÏc¶nÏeeˆ eÏzbM—kœkÔ uÏ∞∂eˆ eª’ªzgØ (Electronic Road Pricing - ERP) ≈ceˆÿgØ±∞[∞n ¢∞geê ‚÷zbMgØ.28

3.5.7. ÷ÏekgØ stµ√U—ªG™e∞ı ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú

ukœ∞kJ∂Ú a¥V∂ lªG™e∞ıµ√ µ≈r, ∑¥gØ∑Ï∂ÏklªG™eL∂Ú stµ√µ∑F∑MgØ ÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿ eª’ªzgØ ¸U¡gØ

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÷pHeê∑F∑M÷U l∂Ú∞∂. µ>nÏÏ» eª’ªªG™eL∂Ú ÷ÏekgØ stµ√µ¡gØq¶neˆ eª’ªzgØ ≈ceê∑F∑M÷U l∂Ú∞∂. ÷ÏekG™eı¤ stµ√c∞÷eê∑F∑MgØ lªµ√c[ÿ a¥ g∞k gc∑F∫ l¥eˆS[U. ¢cBgØ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú s∂µ√ckœ gc∑F∫ —e—e ¢cegØ. ¢‰Õµ lªµ√c[ÿ q¶neª’ªzgØ ÷pHeê∑F∑ªÏg∂Ú l¥∑F∑U ¢rëˆÿ lh∑F‚∑ –ÿgØ. ÿi∑F∑Ïe ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂e∞ıøgØ, µ¥eê∞ıøgØ eª’ªz—kœiµ>nÏÏ» gSd‰ÕUeı¤ –eˆSr—µ√U s[∑U ¢rëˆÿ ∑¥gØ lh∑F∑ÏÿgØ.

‚g∞∂ ‰ÏMeL∂Ú ∑ÏU lªG™eL∂Ú gSd‰ÕUe∞ı stµ√µ a¥gfi ‚‰rµ√Ueˆÿ 80 ‹∑Ïn› ÷∞r eª’ªzgØ ∑[∑F∑MS[U. ÷ı¥gØ‰ÏMeL∂Ú µ>nÏÏ»eı¤ ¢∞gµ√Uı¤ı ÷Ïek stµ√µG™eL∂Ú a¥gfi‚‰rµ√Ueˆÿ 80 ‹∑Ïn›, a¥ ‰Ï∞ıeˆÿ 400 ‹∑Ïn› kœ[ ¢ı≈∂Ú ÷Ïª∞e÷pHeê∑F∑MS[U.29 l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØ gSd‰ÕU q¶∞gnÏıÏ»eı¤eª’ªzgØ uBµ√µµ√ µnÏrÏe l¥∑F∑∞µ‚n eÏª’MSkœ[k.

÷ÏekgØ stµ√U÷∞µ ±∞[∑F∑Mµ√c, ¢µ[ÿ eª’ªzgØ≈c∑F∑µkœ ‡∂gØ ‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∂Ïg∂Ú gSd‰ÕUeı¤ ÷L‚n ÷¥÷∞µeˆÿ∞[eê ±≥øgØ.

¸k‚÷, ukœ∞kJkœ uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú ÷ÏekgØ stµ√µ uÏµ√cngÏk∑ÿce∞ıµ√ µ¶‰Õ µMµ√U, ¢G™ÿ gª’M‚g eª’ªzµ√Uªkœ÷ÏekG™e∞ı stµ√µ ¢Pgceê ‚÷zbMgØ. l∂÷ugÏe ÷ÏekgØstµ√µ ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¬Ï» lªgØ_ª l∂Ú∞∂ kœ[ s∞∂ q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª‚÷zbMgØ. lµkÏ∂Ú, gSd‰ÕUeı¤ ‚µ∞÷Jkœi uÏ∞∂eˆÿ ÷¥÷U óÿi∑F∑Ïe a¥ gSd‰Õc∂Ú a‚r a¥÷Ï» ∑nfi∑F∑U µMeê∑F∑MgØ.

¢‚µ ugngØ, ¢MeˆÿgÏ≥ ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ ¸µ∞køgØ ¢r¨¢∞geêeˆ _ªÏU. µ>nÏ¥gØ ¢∞geê ¢Pgceêeˆ _ªÏU. ¢MeˆÿgÏ≥ ÷Ïek stµ√µgØ ¢∞geê∑F∑MgØ ∑ÿceL∂Ú ÷Ïek ‰¶u∂Ú gkœ‚gBgØ ¢ce¶eˆÿ‚g µ≈r, ÿ∞[nÏU.

µ>nÏÏ» gSd‰ÕU ‰¶u∞∂µ√ µ≈Ï»eˆÿgØ ÷∞eJ∂Ú & l> ∫cµÏegSd‰ÕU ÷ÏG™ÿ‚÷ÏÏ», ¢‰Õµ gSd‰Õc∞k ¸G™‚e stµ√U÷ÏÏ»eı¤¸kœ∑µ∞køgØ q¶n –µÏrµ√Uªkœ eÏª’≥n Nkœk‚r, ∫cn gSd‰Õc∞k ÷ÏG™e ¢PgceˆÿgØ ±∞[J∞k ukœ∞kJ∂Ú eª’ªÏngÏeê‚÷zbMgØ. _ª‚÷, gSd‰ÕUe∞ı ˚ª’Meˆÿı¤ stµ√µ lª—kœi µ¥eêL∂Ú stµ√c ∞÷∑F‚∑Ï¶ªgØ & ∑ÏU lªµ√c∞k –eˆSr—∑F∑µ[eÏe µ>eˆ eª’ªzgØ ÷pHeê ‚÷zbMgØ.

ó ‚g[ezbª ¢∞kµ√∞µøgØ qı¤ıªeˆSn & ÷Ïek stµ√µeˆ eÏı¤∞e (Parking Policy) q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

33

3.5.8. ÷ÏekgØ l∂Ú∂Ï∑F ∑ÿc

—e ¢ce ¢ı≈∂Ú geêı¤ ÷¥∞e µ¥gØ e∞ªµ√ µ¥eêı¤ ‚∑Ïkœ[lªG™eı¤, µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™eı¤ ¢Pgceê∑F∑ªÏµ ∑ÿceıÏegÏ[[∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ¸Mµ√UeêÏª’ªÏe, ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ¢ce ¢ı≈∂Úgeêı¤ ÷¥∞eµ¥gØ µ[ÿ q®ƒgÏkœ uÏ∞∂, ∑Ïzb≥∑oÏÏ» ‚∑Ïkœ[lªG™eπeˆÿı¤ µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™e∞ı ¢Pgceêeˆ _ªÏU. lµkÏ∂Ú ‰¶u∂Ú ÿ∞[‰ÕU ≈[∑∞k ¢cegÏÿgØ.

3.5.9. eÏ[t gÏ¨∑ÏM

÷ÏekG™eLH¥‰ÕU ÷LnÏÿgØ ‰uC ∑F ∫∞e∞neˆ eª’M∑F∑Mµ√µZ≈rgÏk, qtcnÏk ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ ‚g[ eÏı¤ı∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.lµ[eÏk ‚uÏµ∞ke∞ı Z≈r∑F∑Mµ√c, µ÷t un›‚÷Ï∞rµ√ µzb≥eê‚÷zbMgØ. ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uceıÏk ‚∑¥‰ÕU, ÷Ïª∞egSd‰ÕU, µÏ> –Sn÷[i∂Ú ln[∞e ¸¶÷Ïø - CNG - ¸¶ ∑Ï¥∞ı∑≥∑F∑≥nÏe eª’ªÏngÏeê ‚÷zbMgØ. lµ[eÏÿgØ u∂≈∞k ¢r‚u¢Leê ‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.10. ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤

‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ qzb∞gnÏe‚÷ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ‚ggØ∑Mµ√USkœ[k÷Ï ¸kœ∑U q∂egØ ±d÷U‚g ‚eı¤≈eˆÿ qı¤ıÏSJ¥eˆS[U. µkœ eÏ¶nÏ≈kœ µ∞∂ ‰erÏk W‚nÏ∂Ú qª’∑ª q∂Skœ V∂ ‰erG™eı¤‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uc∞n ‚ggØ∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ ¸kœ∑µ[eÏe‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™e∞ı l≥µ√Uµ√ µı¤Løı¤ık.30

±gØ∞∑J∂Ú eª’ª∑F∑ª’ª ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eLkœ ∑nkœ ÿiµ√U ªÏªÏ–n›¡ st÷kgØ ‰ªµ√cn –n›≈∂Ú ¢G™ÿ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª’ª ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eπeˆÿ –k u∂≈∞køgØ, ¢µkÏ∂Ú S∞ªµ√µ ∑∂∞køgØ a∑FNª’M∑F∑ÏÏ»µ√µÏ∂Ú aª’M gÏµ√µµ√c∂Ú ∑Ï¥ıÏµÏr lh∑F∫µÏkœ ¢cegØ ¸kgc∑FNª’Mı¤ıU.31

‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eıÏ∂Ú ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷uceı¤ ‚ggØ∑M÷U l∂Ú∞∂.‰∞ª, —c÷zb≥, ‚∑¥‰ÕU –Sn ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eı¤ ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eıÏ∂Ú ∑Ïceê∑F∑MSkœ[k. gSd‰ÕU g[tgØ l¥ ueêr q¶∞gnÏıÏ»eı¤ gª’M‚g lµkÏ∂Ú µ[eÏHegÏe∑F ∑nk∞ªSkœ[kÏ».

¸k‚÷, a¥ ÿi∑FNª’ª lªµ√c∂Ú eª’ªÏngÏe ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ ‚µ∞÷¸kœ∑U —eµ√ µL÷Ïk, ¢i≈n∂Ú ≠Ï»÷gÏk –n›¡eı¤ ‡∂gØs‹Neê∑F∑ª’ª Nkœk‚r ¢G™ÿ ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

34

‚ggØ∑Ï∂µ√ckœ ‚µ∞÷, ¢∞gøgØ lªgØ, ÷≥÷gØ l∞÷ n∂Ú∂ÏgØa∑F∑‰ÕµeêÏrÏ» ¢∂Ú∂Ïµ µkœ>uC∞unÏk µ> ¢∞g∑FNkÏ∂Úgc∑FNª∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ‚ggØ∑Ï∂gØ ¢∞gøgØ ±kœ∫ ¢U ÿiµ√µ≈÷rG™e∞ıøgØ ¢÷[ikœ ‚µ∞÷eêÏk eÏrzG™e∞ıøgØgeêLªµ√c∂Ú ≈ıgØ∑r∑F∑Mµ√c, geêLkœ e¥µ√c∞keˆ ‚eª’ªNkœkÏ»µÏkœ ltc ±≥¡ ¸Meê ‚÷zbMgØ. ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ eª’≥±≥eê∑F∑ª’ª Nkœ∫ q¶n ∑∂kœ S∞ªµ√Uı¤ıµÏ kœ∑∞µøgØ ±∞[nÏegc∑FÊM un›n ‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.11. gª’‚rÏ rJ∂Ú

‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ‚∑Ïkœ[ g[ [Ï¥ ∑ÏU∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[µÏkœ ‘ gª’‚rÏ rJBgØ’ . g[[∞÷ µ∞rgª’ª ¢ı≈∂ÚlnG™ÿgØ‚∑ÏU, gª’‚rÏ rJ∂Ú & ∑[eˆÿgØ rJ∂Ú, µ∞rgª’ª rJ∂Ú,s∂µ√µ≥ rJ∂Ú ¸kœ[ ‡kœt s∞∂eπgØ ‚µ∞÷eˆ‚e[∑ e∂‰ÕµµÏe¢∞geê∑F∑MS[U. q∂Skœ ∑∂ ±kœkfi ‰erG™eL∂Ú gª’‚rÏcª’ªgØ un∂Ú∑ª’M ÷¥S[U. VG™e∑F≠Ï», £ÏG™eÏG™, ∞µ∑F‚∑, ‚∑G™eÏeˆ–Sn ‰erG™eL∂Ú ÿi∑FNªµ√µeê ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[nÏe gª’‚rÏ≈ıG™ÿS[U.

∑ÏU geêπeˆÿ∑F ∑nkœ∑ªeˆ_≥n V[‰Õµ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[µÏkœ ¸kœ[‚∑ÏcBgØ gª’‚rÏ∞÷ ¢∞geê —e ¢ce u∂÷ÏÿgØ. —e ¢ce eÏ∂µÏgµ±gØ –ÿgØ. a÷° ÷Ï¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡eˆÿ gª’‚rÏ ¢∞geê ‹. 200 ‚eÏ≥ ±µ∂Ú ‹. 880 ‚eÏ≥÷∞r u∂÷Ïeeˆ_MgØ ¸k∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷∂ÚB‰Ï»eı¤ µ¶≈eˆSkœ[kÏ».32 lµ√cª’ªµ√∞µ µ∞rgª’ª ¢ı≈∂Ú ¢∞geˆÿgØ u∂∞÷≈ª,∑[eˆÿgØ gª’‚rÏ¡eˆÿ ¢cegÏe¡gØ, ¢∞µ≈ª ¢cegÏe s∂µ√µ≥cª’ªµ√c[ÿgØ u∂÷ÏÿgØ ¸kµ√ µ¶S[U.

l÷°÷Ït —e ¢ce u∂÷ÏÿgØ gª’‚rÏ cª’ªµ√c∞k ¢∞geêsc ¸G™S¥‰ÕU ÷¥gØ? eªkœ, µ>nÏÏ» sc, ÷L‰Ïª’M qµ≈ ¸k¸U÷ÏkÏBgØ ¢µ∞kµ√ c¥∑FN ¢∞ª∑F∑U ¸∑F∑≥? gª’‚rÏcª’ªµ√c[eÏe ¢rVkœ sc ±µIªÏe‚÷Ï, eªPeˆÿ ÷ª’≥nÏe‚÷Ï,gÏ>ngÏe‚÷Ï c¥∑FN ≈ª∑F∑ª’ªÏ∂Ú & lµr ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eıÏk ‚∑¥‰ÕU, ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ‚µ∞÷eı¤ ∫[eêfieê∑F∑ªÏµÏ?Æ[ ek‚÷ eMgØ sc∑F∑[[Ïeˆÿ∞[øªkœ l¥eˆÿgØ e∂Ú≈, ÿ≥EÏ»,U∑F∫r¡, ‰∂÷Ïh·¡ ‚∑Ïkœ[ ‚µ∞÷eπeêÏk sc aUeˆ«ª’∞ª gª’‚rÏcª’ªgØ ∑ÏceêÏµÏ? ó ¸k∑F ∑∂ ‚eı¤≈e∞ı gª’‚rÏ cª’ªgØ¸d∑F∫S[U.

35

gª’‚rÏ∞÷≈ª, ‚∑¥‰ÕU ≈∞r¡ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (BRT)cª’ªgØ ∑kœgªG™ÿ V[‰ÕµU

a¥ cª’ªµ√c∂Ú u∂≈ª∑F∑MgØ sc, ¢µ√cª’ªµ√µÏ∂Ú S∞ªeˆÿgØ∑n∞keˆ eÏzbM \M un›n∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ ¸keˆ e¥ckÏ∂Ú ó¢µ[ÿ gª’‚rÏ qe‰Õµ cª’ªgØ ¢∂Ú∂. u∂≈ª∑F∑MgØ sc∞n‚‰r≥nÏe eª’ªzG™eı¤ ‡∂gØ c¥gØ∑∑F ∑t÷µ[ÿ gª’‚rÏ≈∂Ú ÷∏l∂Ú∞∂! ÿ∞[‰Õµ∑ª’ugØ gª’‚rÏ∞÷ lneˆÿ÷µ[eÏk u∂¡e∞ıeˆ_ª (Operational Cost) c¥∑FN ¸M∑F∑µÏe gª’‚rÏ cª’ªgØ l∂Ú∞∂.q∂S‚∂‚n £ÏG™eÏG™, VG™e∑F≠Ï», uÏ÷Ï‚∑Ï∂Ï ‚∑Ïkœ[ ¬¶rzbM gª’‚rÏeêı¤µÏkœ lneˆÿ÷µ[eÏk sc∞n c¥∑FN ¸MeˆSkœ[k.q∂Skœ g[[ ¸∂Ú∂Ï gª’‚rÏ cª’ªG™eπgØ ¢rVkœ gÏ>nµ√∞µeˆ eÏzbMµÏkœ lnG™ÿSkœ[k.

gª’‚rÏ cª’ªG™e∞ı ¢∞geê —e∑F ∑¥gØ ¢ı¡ ‡∂µkgØ‚µ∞÷∑F∑MS[U. µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ¢µ∞k lneê¡gØ gÏ>ngØ ¸kœ[¨∞g∞n geê ±kœ÷¥gØ ¢rëı¤, l‚µ sc∞nuC u∂≈ª’M ‚∑¥‰ÕU÷uc∞n∑F ∑¥eˆÿ÷U, ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µe∞ı ¢∞g∑F∑U, —c÷zb≥eπeˆÿ ÷uc un›÷U ‚∑Ïkœ[ un∂Úe∞ı Ækœ un›neˆ_ªÏU ¸k∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ U∞[ ¢i˘Ï»eı¤ ≈k¡Skœ[kÏ».33

÷ÿgeêı¤ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[eLkœ ‚‰ÏeêgØ ÿ∞[÷Ïk u∂≈∂Ú ¢cegÏk ‰∑Ï»e∞ı, ≈∞r÷Ïe ∑nfieêuC un›÷UµÏkœ.¢‰Õµ ÷∞eJ∂Ú ∂Ú∂Ï÷[∞[øgØ≈ª V[‰ÕµU ‚∑¥‰ÕU. BRT k∑F∑MgØ‚∑¥‰ÕU ≈∞r¡ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ ‡∂gÏe∑F ∑nfieˆÿgØ ¢‚µ¢ı¡ geê∞ı, gª’‚rÏ ‡∂gÏe∑F ∑nfieê ∞÷eê ‚÷zbMgÏkÏ∂Ú,¢µ[ÿ BRT∞n≈ª 100 gªG™ÿ ¢ce u∂÷ÏÿgØ ¸k –n›÷ÏıÏ»eı¤ÿi∑FNMSkœ[kÏ». –kÏ∂Ú, lrzb≥BgØ S∞ªeˆÿgØ ∑∂kœ akœtµÏkœ.34

£ÏG™eÏG™ (West Rail) ‹. 880 ‚eÏ≥

‚eÏ∂Ï∂gØ≠Ï» (Star) ‹. 200 ‚eÏ≥

∑ÏG™eÏeˆ (Sky Train) ‹. 294 ‚eÏ≥

geˆV‚eÏ Vª’≥ ‹. 164 ‚eÏ≥

ereÏ®ƒ ( ÷>¨‚÷∂Ï) ‹. 360 ‚eÏ≥

gª’‚rÏ cª’ªµ√c[eÏk ‡∂µkuC u∂¡(a÷° ÷Ï¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡eˆÿgØ)

(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers inDeveloping Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)

36

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ÷∞e ∑[eˆÿgØ gª’‚rÏ s∂µ√µ≥ gª’‚rÏ e∂∑F∫ BRT gª’‚rÏ (‚∑¥‰ÕU)

lªgØ ∑ÏG™eÏeˆ ereÏ®ƒ geˆV‚eÏ Vª’≥ ∑Ï‚eÏª’ªÏ(µÏn›∂Ï‰ÕU) ( ÷>¨‚÷∂Ï) ( geˆV‚eÏ) ( eÏ∂gØNnÏ)

µÏ∞∂¡ 23 S.˜. 12 S.˜. 24 S.˜. 41. S.˜.

gÏµ√µ ±µIM ‹.6800 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 4440 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 3880 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 852 ‚eÏ≥(‹. ‚eÏ≥J∂Ú)

a¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ª¥eˆÿ ‹. 295 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 361 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 164 ‚eÏ≥ ‹. 20 ‚eÏ≥±µIM (‹. ‚eÏ≥J∂Ú)

∑nfieı¤ ¸zbfieˆ∞e 50,000 ‚∑Ï» 32,400 ‚∑Ï» 39,300 ‚∑Ï» 35,000 ‚∑Ï»(a¥ gfi ‚‰rµ√c∂Úa¥ c∞uJ∂Ú)

gª’‚rÏ g[tgØ BRT : u∂¡gØ ∑nPgØ & ¬Ï» a∑FÊM

(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)

37

‚g[ezbª ¢ª’ª÷∞zJkœ∑≥, a¥ ∑nfieˆÿ a¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡ ∑nz ÷uc∞n ¢Leê u∂≈ª∑F∑ª’ª urÏu¶ u∂¡Nkœ÷¥gÏt ¢∞gS[U.

gª’‚rÏ≈kœ lµruC Veê∂Úeı¤

gª’‚rÏ µ>µ√U lnG™eÏU. Æ k>∂Ú, geêLkœ ∑nzgØ ¸kœ∑Ua¥ gª’‚rÏ s∞∂nµ√c[ÿgØ ¢Mµ√µ gª’‚rÏ s∞∂nµ√c[ÿgØl∞ª∑F∑ª’ªU ¢∂Ú∂. gÏ[Ïe, ˚ª’Meˆ eµ≈H¥‰ÕU, lkœ kÏ¥ eµ¡÷∞r E≥eê _≥nU! gª’‚rÏ rJ∂Ú a¥V∂ ∑Ï∞µeL∂Ú gª’M‚g¢∞geê∑F∑M÷µÏ∂Ú, ¢÷[∞[ l∞zeê ‚∑¥‰ÕU, —c÷zb≥,‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ÷uce∞ı ¢cegÏeê ‚÷zbMgØ.

gª’‚rÏ∞÷ gÏ[[ ln∂ÏU

‰erG™eLkœ ÷ıÏ»uCV∑F ‚∑ÏeˆS∞k ±kœ_ª’≥‚n U∂ÚHngÏeµ√ZÏ»gÏ>eê ln∂ÏU. lkœt ¢cegÏ‚kÏÏ» u∂Ú∂eˆ_≥n lªgØ |gØ∑U–zbMeπeˆÿ∑F Nkœ∫gØ ¢∑F∑≥‚n ∑r∑r∑F∑Ïk lªgÏe E≥eˆÿgØ ¸k¸cÏ»∑ÏÏ»eê ±≥nÏU! ¸k‚÷, lkœt gª’‚rÏ ¢∞gøgØ ∑ÿceˆÿ∑c∂Ïe ‚÷ [Ï¥ ∑ÿc ±µkœ∞gnÏkµÏS≈ª’ªÏ∂Ú, gª’‚rÏ÷Ï∂Úq¶n ∑∂kœ S∞ªeêÏU. gª’‚rÏ∞÷ a¥±∞[ ¢∞gµ√µ N[ÿ¢µ∞k gÏ[[ ln∂ÏU. (‚∑¥‰Õc∂Ú l‰ÕµuC Veê∂Ú l∂Ú∞∂).

un›n ‚÷zb≥nU ¸kœk?

ukœ∞k gª’‚rÏ cª’ªgØ ÿiµ√µ ‘≈¶÷Ïk cª’ª ¢ieˆ∞e’geêL∞ª‚n ∑r÷∂Ïe ≈÷Ïceê∑F∑ª’M, ¢µkœ ∑∂∞k qtc∑F

∑[eˆÿgØ gª’‚rÏ ‹. 58,000

s∂µ√µ≥ gª’‚rÏ ‹. 1,11,420

e∂∑F∫ gª’‚rÏ ‹. 41, 730

BRT ‹. 5,714

a¥ ∑nfieˆÿ & a¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» ∑nzµ√c[eÏk±µIª’MuC u∂¡

(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers inDeveloping Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)

38

∑Mµ√cn Nkœk‚r gª’‚rÏ ¢∞geê ‚÷zbMgØ. lµ[eÏe geêLªgØ

e¥µ√Ueˆ‚eª’∫eˆ _ª’ªG™eı¤ ‰ªµ√µ∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

ukœ∞k gª’‚rÏ cª’ªµ√ckœ gÏµ√µ ±µIM ¸÷°÷ı¡, ¢U

¸G™S¥‰ÕU ÷¥gØ kœ∑∞µµ√ µ¶≈eê ‚÷zbMgØ. gª’‚rÏ cª’ªµ√∞µ

lneˆÿ÷µ[eÏk sc (Operational Cost) G™S¥‰ÕU ÷¥gØ kœ∑∞µøgØ

µL¡∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

gª’‚rÏ≈kœ scµ√‚µ∞÷eπeêÏe & ‚∑¥‰ÕU, ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µ ÷uc

‚∑Ïkœ[ lµr∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ ‚µ∞÷eπeêÏk ¸cÏ»eÏ∂ sc

aUeˆ«‚ªÏ, e∂Ú≈, ‰∂÷Ïh·¡, ÿ≥EÏ», U∑F∫r¡ qı¤Lª’ª lµr

‚µ∞÷eπeêÏk ¸cÏ»eÏ∂ sc aUeˆ«‚ªÏ gª’‚rÏ÷Ï∂Ú

∑Ïceê∑F∑ªÏU ¸kœ∑∞µ qtc∑F∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

l∑F‚∑ÏU ukœ∞kJ∂Ú ‚∑¥‰ÕU g[tgØ µÏªÏ»÷zb≥eˆ eª’ªzgØ

a∑FÊª’ªı≈∂Ú ÿ∞[÷Ïe‚÷ ÷pHeê∑F∑MS[U. gª’‚rÏ ¢∞geê∑F

∑MgÏkÏ∂Ú, ¢cBgØ l‚µ‚∑Ïkœt ÿ∞[‰Õµ eª’ªzgØ ÷pHeê∑F

∑ª’ªÏ∂Ú gª’M‚g ¢÷[∞[ Æ∞heπgØ, ‰Mµ√µr geêπgØ ∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ

lnBgØ. ¸k‚÷, ‚∑¥‰ÕU, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥eˆÿ \ªÏk ÿ∞[‰Õµ

eª’ªz‚g gª’‚rÏ≈BgØ ÷pHeê∑F∑MgÏ ¸k ¢r¨ µL¡∑Mµ√µ

‚÷zbMgØ. lµ[ÿ gÏ[Ïe, gª’‚rÏ¡eêÏe ‚∑¥‰ÕUeˆ eª’ªzµ√∞µ

¢ce¶µ√U≈ªeˆ _ªÏU.

3.5.12. ¢¥e∞g∑F ∑ı¤L ±∞[

‰eÏ»∑F∫[G™eLkœ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶uBeêÏk eÏrzG™eπı¤∑ı¤Leê∂Ú≈ ±∞[øgØ akœ[ÏÿgØ. lkœ∞[n e∂Ú≈ ±∞[J∂Ú a¥∑ÿcJ∂Ú ÷VeˆÿgØ ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ÷ÿ µÏ∞∂≈∂Ú qı¤ı∑ı¤LeπeˆÿuC u∂Ú∂ ‚‰¥÷µÏ∂Ú ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ‰¶u∂Ú —e¡gØ¢ce¶µ√U ÷¥S[U. —e¡gØ ‰¶u∂Ïk ‚‰rgØ ¸kœ∑U ∑ı¤Leı¤ µÏªG™ÿgØ ‚‰r±gØ, ≈MgØ ‚‰r±gØµÏkœ ¸kœ[ÏS ≈ª’ªU! ¢¥e∞g∑F∑ı¤L ±∞[∞neˆ eª’ªÏngÏeˆÿ÷µkœ ‡∂gØ lµ∞k ¸Lc∂Ú µ≈Ï»eê±≥øgØ.

¢¥e∞g∑F ∑ı¤L ±∞[J∂Ú (Neighbourhood School System) a¥∑ÿcJ∂Ú qı¤ı ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ¢‰Õµ∑F ∑ÿcJ∂Ú qı¤ı ∑ı¤LeL∂Úgª’M‚g ‚uÏ»µ√Ueˆ eÏı¤ı∑F∑M÷ÏÏ»eı¤. ‚÷t lªG™eL∂Ú qı¤ı∑ı¤LeL∂Ú ‚uÏ»eê ln∂ÏU. lU ¢r¨∑F ∑ı¤Leı¤, µ>nÏÏ»∑F ∑ı¤Leı¤¢∞kµ√c[ÿgØ ∑Ï¥‰ÕUgØ.

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q∂Skœ —e ±kœ‚kin ‰ÏMeıÏk K 8 ‰ÏMeLBgØ, q∂Skœ ∑¥gØ∑Ï∂Ïk ÷ıÏ»‰Õµ ‰ÏMeLBgØ lµ√µ∞en ¢¥e∞g∑F ∑ı¤L ±∞[---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -kÏ∂Ú Ezbª„r∑F ∑nzG™eı¤ ‚µ∞÷n[[µÏS≈MgØ. ˚ª’Meˆÿ¢¥S‚∂‚n ∑ı¤L l¥∑F∑µÏ∂Ú ∑¥gØ∑Ï∂Ïk ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ‰ª‰Õ‚µÏ,—c÷zb≥J‚∂Ï u∂Ú∂ ±≥øgØ. ÷ÏekG™eLkœ ‚µ∞÷ ÿ∞[øgØ.≈∑µ√UeπgØ, uÏ∞∂ ‰¶uBgØ ÿ∞[øgØ.

a¥ µ¥≈∂Ú qı¤ı ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ¢∞k÷¥gØ a‚r ∑ı¤Leˆÿ,¢U¡gØ ¢¥S∂Ú qı¤ı ∑ı¤Leˆÿ u∂Ú÷µÏ∂Ú, ¢÷Ï»eı¤ µÏgÏe‚÷ _ª’ªgÏe ∑ı¤LeˆÿuC ukœt÷r ±≥øgØ. lµkÏ∂Ú, ÿh‰Õ∞µe∞ı ∑ı¤Leˆÿlª’MuC u∂ÚBgØ ‚÷∞∂øgØ, ‚‰r±gØ ∑[‚[Ï¥eˆÿ ˜µgÏÿgØ.

3.5.13. ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U

uÏ∞∂∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ –Sn÷[∞[≈ª EÏ»÷∏∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U u∂¡ ÿ∞[÷ÏkU. a¥ S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡eˆÿuÏ∞∂n∞geˆÿgØ u∂≈∂Ú ÷tgØ 5 ±µ∂Ú 10% u∂≈∂Ú ¢‚µ µÏ∞∂≈[ÿ EÏ»÷∏∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k Æ[∑Mµ√µ ±≥øgØ. a¥Hª’ªÏ» ¸zb zJ∂Ú ∑Ï¥ª’e∞ı uÏ∞∂÷∏J∂Ú 24 S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡eˆÿgØ, µÏªÏ»÷zb≥ ‡∂gÏe 85 S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ª¥eˆÿgØ eÏzbM u∂Ú∂ ±≥øgØ. –kÏ∂Ú, lU‚÷ EÏ»÷∏J∂Ú 105 S‚∂Ï˜ª’ª¥eˆÿeˆ eÏzbM u∂Ú∂ ±≥øgØ ¸kœS[U –Vn ÷ıÏ»uCV ÷G™S.36

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú EÏ»÷∏∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞keˆ eÏzbM÷¥÷U uÏµ√cngÏkUµÏkœ. ukœ∞k gÏ‰er ¢ı≈∂Ú gª’MgØ 88 S‚∂Ï˜ª’ªÏ» µÏ∞∂¡eˆÿ EÏ»÷∏eı¤ l¥eˆSkœ[k.37 ¢∞ªnÏt, _÷gØ,∑eˆSG™eÏgØ eÏ∂Ú÷Ïn› ¢∞kµ√cBgØ |gØ∑U –zbMeπeˆÿ ±kœ∫÷∞r∑ªÿeı¤ ¬≥k. ¢µ∞k∑F ∫U∑FN∑F∑U ukœ∞k geêπeˆÿ ∑¥gØ∑nkÏe l¥eˆÿgØ.

ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏eı¤ eÏ∂eÏ∂µ√c[ÿgØ gÏ¨∑ª’ªµÏe‚÷ l¥eêµ√‚µ∞÷J∂Ú∞∂. –te∞ı ¨µ√µgÏeˆÿ÷U uÏµ√cngÏk‚µ. ¢µ[eÏk µÏ∏∂Ú©ª’∑G™eı¤ l¥eˆSkœ[k. scøgØ a¥ µ∞ª l∂Ú∞∂. ukœ∞kJkœ –teı¤ „n›∞gnÏe ¬ª ‚÷zbMgØ ¸kœ[ ≈¥∑F∑±gØ,¢µ[eÏk ¢rVn∂Ú qtcøgØµÏkœ l∑F‚∑Ï∞µn ‚µ∞÷!

¸k‚÷, ukœ∞kJkœ EÏ»÷∏e∞ı∑F ∑ÏUeÏeê¡gØ, ∑rÏg¶eê¡gØ‘ ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏eı¤ –∞zngØ’ (Chennai Waterways Authority) ¸kœ[µ> ¢∞g∑F∫ q¶n sc g[tgØ ¢ceÏrµ√Uªkœ ¢∞gee∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

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l ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏eı¤ l>‚gBgØ gÏ¨∑Mµ√µ∑F∑ª ¢Pgceêeˆ_ªÏU. gÏ¨∑Ïª’≥∞kµ√ µMeê¡gØ, ˜t‚÷Ï∞r qtcnÏeµ√µzb≥eê¡gØ ‚÷zbMgØ.

l ukœ∞k EÏ»÷∏e∞ı uSµ√Ueˆ eÏı¤ıeˆ_≥n ¢ı≈[eÏ÷U„n›∞gnÏeˆS, ±µ[eª’ªgÏe ¢÷[∞[ ∑ÏdU‚∑ÏeˆS[ÿgØ,qª[∑J[VeˆÿgØ ∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

l µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ureˆÿ∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeˆÿgØ, ∑nfieı¤ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c[ÿgØ ∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ±n[Veê ‚÷zbMgØ.

l ¢∞ªnÏt qı¤Lª’ª –teLkœ e∞re∞ı ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeêÏe∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ¢r¨ cª’ª—ª’M ÷¥S[U. –teLkœ ln[∞e¢∞g∑F∞∑ V∞µeêÏgBgØ, ¨[tuCph∞∂ ∑ÏceêÏgBgØlµ√µ∞en cª’ªgØ s∞[‚÷[[∑F∑M÷∞µ ÷r‚÷[e∂ÏgØ.–kÏ∂Ú, –teLkœ e∞r∞n ˜zbMgØ gSd‰ÕUeπeêÏe¡gØ,l¥ ueêr ÷ÏekG™eπeêÏe¡gØ aUeêeˆ _ªÏU. gÏ[Ïel÷[∞[ ‰∞ª∑Ï∞µeπeˆÿgØ, —c÷zb≥eπeˆÿgØ gª’M‚g∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ‚÷zbMgØ.

l ¸zbŸvÏ» U∞[ ±egØ & gÏg∂Ú∂∫rgØ l∞ª‚n ∑ªÿ∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k (Coastal Ferry Services) eÏzbM ÷r‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.14. ureˆÿ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U

geêLkœ ¢kœ[Ïªµ√ ‚µ∞÷eêÏk ∑∂Ú‚÷t ∑Ï¥ª’eπgØ ureˆÿ∑F

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√ckœ ‡∂gØµÏkœ ÷r‚÷zbMgØ. ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±kœP¶∞g

¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Ú ∑ÏÏ»µ√µÏ∂Ú, a¥ ‰∑Ï» gª’M‚g ∑nfieˆÿ gSd‰ÕU, ÷Ïek

stµ√µgØ ‚∑Ïkœ[÷[∞[≈ª ureˆÿ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±eˆSngÏkU.

¸k‚÷, ureˆÿ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ¸L∞gnÏeê¡gØ, ‚ggØ∑Mµ√µ¡gØ,

±∞[∑F∑Mµ√µ¡gØ q¶n cª’ªgØ ÷ÿeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

ureˆÿe∞ıeˆ eÏzbM u∂Ú∂ ¨[tuCph∂Ú ∑Ïc∑F∫e∞ıeˆ

ÿ∞[eˆÿgØ ±∞[e∞ı∑F Nkœ∑[tµ∂Ú, ureˆÿe∞ı l[eê¡gØ, Æ[[¡gØ

–ÿgØ ‚‰rµ√∞µ ÿ∞[eˆÿgØ ©ª’∑G™e∞ıeˆ ∞enÏπµ∂Ú, ‰e¥eˆÿı¤

¢Pgceê∑F∑MgØ ureˆÿ ÷ÏekG™eLkœ eÏ[t gÏ¨∑Ïª’∞ª eª’M∑F

∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú, ‰¶u∂Ú ÿ∞[÷Ïk ∑Ï∞µe∞ı ∑nkœ∑Mµ√µ ÷∏ un›µ∂Ú,

ÿi∑FNª’ª lªµ√cH¥‰ÕU g[[ ∑ÿceπeˆÿuC u∂ÚBgØ ureˆÿeı¤

µ>µ√µ> ÷ÏekG™eL∂Ú u∂Ú∂Ïg∂Ú _ª’ªÏe ¸Mµ√UuC u∂Ú∂ ÷∏

un›µ∂Ú, Vin ÷ÏekG™e∞ıøgØ g>µ ueˆcnÏBgØ eÏ∂Ú‰∞ªeı¤

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‡∂±gØ lnG™ÿgØ ureˆÿ∑F‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ˙eê∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú, ureˆÿ÷ÏekG™e∞ı ÿi∑FNª’ª lªG™eπeˆÿı¤ ©∞høgØ ‚‰rµ√∞µ¢i≈n∂Ú ±∞[J∂Ú gÏ[in∞gµ√µ∂Ú, ¢ce ¸∞ª ¢ce ¢ı¡q∞ªn ÷ÏekG™e∞ı ÿi∑FNª’ª ‚‰rµ√c∂Ú gª’M‚g ¢Pgcµ√µ∂Ú‚∑Ïkœ[ ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞ee∞ı qı¤ıªeˆSnµÏe ∫cn ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰erureˆÿ∑F ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U cª’ªgØ q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

3.5.15. ≈∑µ√Uµ√ µ≈Ï»∑F∫

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∂Ú uÏ∞∂ ≈∑µ√Ueı¤ µÏªÏ»‰ÕU ¢ce¶µ√µ÷zbzgØ qı¤ık. l÷[∞[µ√ µMeê ukœ∞kJ∂Ú a¥G™S∞z‰ÕµuÏ∞∂∑F ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫eˆ eÏı¤∞e ÷ÿeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

a÷° ÷Ï¥ ∑ÿcJBgØ µ>∑F∑ª’ªµ√ ‚µ∞÷e∞ı e÷kµ√c∂Ú eÏzbM ZÏ»¡eêÏk ÷∏±∞[eı¤ ÷ÿeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. ±c‚nÏÏ»,ÿh‰Õ∞µeπeˆÿ ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫, ∑ÏµuÏ¶eπeˆÿgØ, —c÷zb≥eπeˆÿgØq¶n lªgØ, µL÷Ïk uÏ∞∂ ≈ceˆ ÿiΩMeı¤, ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U¨ª’Meˆÿie∞ı (Veˆk∂Ú) µL÷Ïe ¢∞gµ√µ∂Ú, ‚ggØ∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú,≈c±∞[e∞ıeˆ eM∞gnÏe Nkœ∑[tµ∂Ú qı¤Lª’ª ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤‚g[ eÏı¤ı∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

ukœ∞kuC uÏ∞∂eL∂Ú ¢ce∑ª’u ‚÷eµ√∞µ 30 S‚∂Ï ˜ª’ªrÏeeˆÿ∞[µ√µ∂Ú, q¶n uÏ∞∂ ÷≥÷∞g∑F∫ gÏ[[G™eı¤ ‡∂gØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√c∞k ¢∞gc∑F∑Mµ√Uµ∂Ú ±n[Ve∞ı (Traffic Calming Measures)±kœ kMeê ‚÷zbMgØ.

‰∞ª∑Ï∞µe∞ı ±d∞gnÏe ¢∞gµ√µ∂Ú, uÏ∞∂e∞ıeˆ eªeˆÿgØlªG™eı¤ µL÷Ïe¡gØ, uÏ∞∂∞n≈ª u[t qnrgÏe¡gØ ¢∞geê∑F∑Mµ∂Ú, ∑ı¤Leπeˆÿ ¢¥‚e q¶n ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫ Æ[∑ÏMeı¤ un›µ∂Ú,‰ª∑F∑µ[ÿgØ, —c÷zb≥ u∂Ú∂¡gØ ∑ı¤L∑F∑ÿceL∂Ú ÷∏ un›µ∂Ú‚∑Ïkœ[ ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ ‚µ∞÷.

‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ≈c±∞[e∞ıeˆ eM∞gnÏe∑F Nkœ∑[tµ∂Ú,ÿ≥µ√U≈ª’M ÷ÏekgØ ¬ª’M‚÷Ï¶kœ ¬ª’M‰Ï» q¶ggØ ∑i∑F∫, ¬ª’M‰Ï»q¶ggØ ÷hG™ÿ÷c∂Ú q¶n µreˆ eª’M∑F∑ÏM, ±∞[‚eMe∞ıµ√ µMµ√µ∂Ú–Sn ‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ ‚÷zbMgØ.

÷÷°‚÷t ‚÷eG™eL∂Ú u∂ÚBgØ ÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿ µ>µ√µ>÷∏eı¤, ¢∞kµ√U l¥ueêr ÷Ïek∑F ∑nfieπeˆÿ eª’ªÏnµ√ µ∞∂eê÷ugØ, l¥ueêr ÷ÏekG™eL∂Ú ∑e∂Ú‚‰r ≈ıeˆÿ qª’∑ª µM∑F∫‰ª÷≥eˆ∞eeı¤ ‚µ∞÷.

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÷Ïek ÷≥÷∞g∑F∫gØ, ∑rÏg¶∑F∫gØ_ª uÏ∞∂ ≈∑µ√Ue∞ıeˆÿ∞[eˆÿgØ. ÷ÏekG™eLkœ ezb∞z∑F ∑ieˆÿgØ aL ≈ıeˆ∞eµ√µMµ√µ∂Ú, ¸uCu¶eˆ∞e ≈ıeˆÿe∞ıeˆ eª’ªÏngÏe ∞÷µ√µ∂Ú, ¨∞gø‰ÕUeL∂Ú Nkœ∫[gØ egØN‚nÏ lµr ∑Ï¥ª’e‚ıÏ ÷LJ∂Ú Eª’≥eˆ eÏzb≥¥∑F∑∞µµ√ µMµ√µ∂Ú, ¢ce ∑ÏrgØ Æ[t÷∞µµ√ µMµ√µ∂Ú ‚∑Ïkœ[ un∂Ú∑ÏMeı¤ ∑nkœ∑MgØ.

gSd‰ÕUeL∂Ú u∂Ú‚÷Ï¥eˆÿ l∞ª÷Ï¶∞k ( ∑∂Úª’) eª’ªÏngÏeˆÿµ∂Ú, ÿh‰Õ∞µeı¤ ±kœ l¥eˆ∞eJ∂Ú ¢grÏg∂Ú µMµ√µ∂Ú, Vt÷Ï»e∞ı g≥J∂Ú ¢gr ∞÷µ√U ¢∞hµ√U u∂Ú∂Ïg∂Ú µMµ√µ∂Úqı¤Lª’ª∞÷ ≈∑µ√UeLkœ ∑Ïc∑F∫e∞ıµ√ µMeˆÿgØ.

≈∑µ√UeL∂Ú ∑Ïceê∑F∑M‚÷Ï¥eˆÿ qªk≥ qµ≈øgØ, q¶nlh∑FÊMgØ qªPeˆÿªkœ ¢Leê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

‚g[ezbª ¢∞kµ√∞µøgØ qı¤ıªeˆSn ≈¶÷Ïk, eÏ∂µ√UeˆÿÆ[[, a¥G™S∞z‰Õµ uÏ∞∂∑F ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∫ eÏı¤∞e (Comprehensiveroad safty policy) q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª’M, q¶n sc aUeˆ«M g[tgØ¢ceÏrµ√Uªkœ un∂Ú∑Mµ√µ∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

4. ±≥¡∞r

ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰ereêÏk gÏ[t ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U cª’ªc∂Ú_[∑F∑ª’Mı¤ı÷[∞[ qı¤ıªeˆSnµÏe & ∫cn ‘±d∞gnÏk‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ cª’ªgØ’ (Comprehensive Mobility Plan - CMP)qªk≥nÏe geêı¤ ∑G™‚e[∫ªPgØ ¢∞kµ√U U∞[ ÷∂ÚB‰Ï»eı¤,geêı¤ Nrcsceı¤ e¥µ√Ueˆ ‚eª’∫ªPgØ q¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

lµ√µ∞en ‘±d∞gnÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ cª’ªµ√c∞k ’s¥÷SeˆÿgØ ¢∞g∑F∑Ïe ‘akœi∞z‰Õµ ∑¥‰er ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√UeˆÿdggØ’ (Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority - UMTA) l¥eê‚÷zbMgØ. ¢µ[‚e[∑ UMTA-∞÷ c¥µ√c ≈¶÷ÏkµÏe q¶n¢ceÏrµ√UªPgØ, scøªPgØ gÏ[in∞geê ‚÷zbMgØ.

¢rVn∂Ú ¢∞g∑F∫µ√ c¥µ√µgØ 74lkœ «h· ¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zb≥nqı¤ıÏª’V Nrcsceı¤ ¢ªG™Sn ¢∞g∑F∑Ïk ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰erµ√cª’ªeˆÿd (Metropolitan Planning Committee - MPC) qªk≥nÏe¢∞geê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

l‰Õµ ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰erµ√ cª’ªeÿd≈kœ (MPC) «h· un∂Ú∑MgØ¢∞g∑F∑Ïe ‘akœi∞z‰Õµ ∑¥‰er ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Ueˆ ÿdggØ’ (UMTA)l¥eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

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ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰er s∂∑F ∑nkœ∑Ïª’Mµ√ cª’ªgÏkU (Comprehen-sive Zoning and Land Use Plan) ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√Uµ√ cª’ªµ√Uªkœl∞z‰ÕµµÏe l¥eê ‚÷zbMgØ.

geêLkœ gSh·uCVnÏk ÷Ïh·eˆ∞e∞n≈ª ÷ÏekG™eLkœ lneêµ√c[ÿ ¢ce ±kœP¶∞g µ¥gØ a¥ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[ ukœ∞kJ∂Úq¥÷Ïeê∑F∑ª’M ÷¥S[U. –kÏ∂Ú, q∂Skœ ‰Õµ lªµ√cBgØ ÷Ïek∑F ∑¥eê±gØ, ∫[‰eÏ» ÷ıÏ»uCVøgØ geêπeˆÿ gSh·uCVnL∑F∑µÏel∂Ú∞∂. zb u∂¡, ÆrÏıgÏk ÷ı lh∑F∫, gk ¢dµ√µgØ, qª∂Ú‰∂∑F∑Ïc∑F∫ k ‚µ∞÷n[[∑F ‚∑¶h∑F∑Ïe‚÷ ‘÷ÏekG™eπeˆÿ ±kœP¶∞gµ¥gØ’ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U q∂e eG™ÿgØ eÏz∑F∑MS[U. lcH¥‰ÕU≈M∑ª ‚÷zb≥n eÏ∂gØ ÷‰ÕU≈ª’ªU.

l∑F‚∑ÏU ukœ∞k ‰ergØ ‚µÏ»¡ un›øgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[µÏkœ¸cÏ»eÏ∂µ√c∂Ú ukœ∞k ¸∑F∑≥∑F∑ª’ª ‰ergÏe ¢∞gøgØ ¸kœ∑∞µµ√ZÏ»gÏ>eˆÿgØ. ukœ∞k ÷Ïhµ√µÿ‰Õµ ‰ergÏe‚÷Ï, ÷Ïhµ√µÿcn[[µÏe‚÷Ï ¢∞g÷U ‰ergØ µ¶¡ un›øgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n∑F ∑Ïtµ√µU.

lkœ∞[n ukœ∞k ‰ergØ µ÷[Ïk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±kœP¶∞geıÏ∂Ú ∑Ïc∑F∑∞ª‰Õc¥eˆS[U. lU qªk≥nÏe gÏ[[∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.a¥ ‰ergØ ‰Ïe¶eg∞ª‰Õµ ‰ergÏ ¸kœ∑U ¢‰Õ‰e¶∂Ú ÷ÏPnÏ»‰Õµ‚ggØ∑Ï∂G™eı¤ l¥eˆSkœ[k÷Ï ¸kœ∑∞µeˆ eÏzbM ZÏ»gÏ>eê∑F∑M÷U l∂Ú∞∂. gÏ[Ïe, ‰e¶∂Ú ÷ÏdgØ a¥ Vt— µkœP∞ªnVkœk˘ÂVin —c÷zb≥J∂Ú nÏ¥∞ªn U∞zø—kœi µkU∑ı¤Leˆ_ªµ√c[ÿ ∑ÏUeÏ∑F∑Ïe ukœt÷r ±≥S[µÏ ¸kœ∑∞µeˆ eÏzbMµÏkœ ZÏ»gÏ>eê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ.

µ>nÏÏ» ÷ÏekG™eLkœ eª’MeêªG™eÏ ¢ce¶∑F∫ ‰e¶kœ÷ıÏ»uCVeˆÿ ¢∞ªnÏıgØ ¢∂Ú∂. qzb∞gJ∂Ú ¢∞÷ ‰e¶kœ h·uCVeˆ‚e¢∞ªnÏıgØ. ÷Ïek∑F ∑¥eêgØ ∫[‰e¶∞k ≈¶÷∞ªnuC un›øgØ,U∞z ‰erG™eLkœ ‚µ∞÷∞n q¥÷ÏeˆÿgØ. ∫[‰ergØ ÷Ïekµ√ ‚µ∞÷¢ce¶eˆÿgØ. lrzbMgØ akœ∞[ nÏkœt ¢cegÏeˆS & ∑nz„r¢ce¶∑F∫, ‰¶u∂Ú ¢ce¶∑F∫, eÏ∂ ≈rngØ, ‚÷ıÏzb s∂ ¢∏∑F∫ kµ√ µÏªÏ» Z∞gnÏe gÏtgØ! l‰Õµ ÷ıÏ»uCV E≥eêeˆ _≥nU ¢∂Ú∂.

ÿtSn lªµ√c∂Ú ¢cegÏk geêı¤ akœ[Ïe ÷Ïh ±≥÷UµÏkœ‰eÏ»∑F∫[ ÷Ïh·≈kœ V[∑F∫ . lµkÏ∂Ú, ¢ce µÏ∞∂¡∑F ∑nfieêµ√‚µ∞÷Jkœi geêLkœ ∑¥gØ∑Ï∂Ïk ‚µ∞÷eı¤ s∞[¡ un›n∑F∑MSkœ[k! ¸k‚÷, ‰ergØ ∫[‰erÏe‚÷Ï, U∞z ‰erÏe‚÷Ï

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≈¶÷∞ª÷U µMeê∑F∑ª ‚÷zbMgØ. lµ[ÿ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[J∂Ú∫rª’V ÷‰ÕµÏe ‚÷zbMgØ.

¢∞k÷¥eˆÿgÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U ±∞[∞n ¢L∑F∑U, uÏ∞∂eπgØ, µ¥eêπgØ ÷ÏekG™eπeêÏk∞÷ ¸kœ[ s∞∂∞n gÏ[i¢∞÷ geêπeêÏk∞÷ ¸kœ[ ¢≥∑F∑∞ªJ∂Ú ukœ∞kJ∂Ú geêLkœ÷Ïh·eˆ∞eµ√µrµ√∞µ (Quality of Life) qnÏ»µ√µeˆ_≥nµÏk ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U±∞[∞n q¥÷Ïeê ‚÷zbMgØ.

¸cÏ»eÏ∂ µ∞∂±∞[Jk¥eˆÿgØ lkœ∞[n µ∞∂±∞[Jk¥eˆÿgØa¥‚ur∑F ∑nkLeˆÿgØ s∞∂µ√c¥eˆÿgØ ‚∑Ïeˆÿ÷rµ√U (SustainableTransport) ±∞[nÏe gÏ[in∞g∑F∑µkœ ‡∂gØ ukœ∞k∑F ∑¥‰e¶∞k ÷Ïhµ√µÿ‰Õµ ‰erÏe (Liveable City) gÏ[[ ‚÷zbMgØ.

Notes

1. Indian States at a Glance 2006 -07, Tamil Nadu – Performance, Facts andFigures, PHDCCI, New Delhi 2007

2. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.

3. UNDP Human Development Report 2006, United Nations4. Cities on the move: A World Bank Urban Transportation Strategy Review,

The World Bank, Washington, D.C. 20025. Emerging Issues in Transport – Transport and the Millenium Development

Goals, UN-ESCAP, Ministerial Conference on Transport 20066. Steps to improve traffic flow discussed, The Hindu, Feb. 28, 20087. Planning and Development – City Road, A. Sampath Kumar, Seminar on

Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.8. Elitist recipe for more chaos? - Praful Bidwai, Frontline, Jul 16 – 29, 20059. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum – Vision, Policy and Recommendation

for Pune10. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum – Vision, Policy and Recommendation

for Pune11. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.12. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.13. Handbook of Urbanization in India, Oxford, 200514. Optimisation of Urban Speed Limits in Arterial Roads – a case study,

Seminar on Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.15. National Urban Transport Policy, Ministry of Urban Development,

Government of India.16. J. Pucher et at. / Transport Policy 12 (2005)17. Car-Free Development – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-

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makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005.18. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.19. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.20. Pedestrian and Two-wheeler Safety, K.C.Mahali, Seminar on Transportation

in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.21. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.22. Bus System Operation in Chennai, Ct. Meyyappan, Seminar on

Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.23. CMDA, Draft Master Plan – II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.24. Bus Rapid Transit – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers

in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 200225. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum – Vision, Policy and Recommendation

for Pune26. Down to Earth, March 31, 200827. Economic Instruments – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-

makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 200228. Economic Instruments – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-

makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 200229. Economic Instruments – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-

makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 200230. Sustainable Transport, Institute for Transportation & Development Policy,

New York.31. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum – Vision, Policy and Recommendation

for Pune

32. Mass Transit Options – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002

33. The Politics of Mobility, Dinesh Mohan Seminar Magazine

34. Mass Transit Options – Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002

35. Common School System and the Future of India, Parisar wordpress36. Lost lifelines of a Metropolis, The Hindu, 20-5-200737. Lost lifelines of a Metropolis, The Hindu, 20-5-2007

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Actionable Excerpts fromNational Urban Transport Policy

(Ministry of Urban Devolvement, Government of India)Introduction

India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experienceacross the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes thisproportion over 60 % before they stabilize. As such it is projected that India’s urbanpopulation will grow to about 473 million in 2021 & 820 million in 2051 as comparedto 285 million in 2001. Hence cities must not only meet the mobility needs of thecurrent population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urbanpopulation. In this context, the government of India has launched the National UrbanRenewal Mission (NURM) that inter-alia seeks to bring about comprehensiveimprovements in urban infrastructure, committing substantial funds for this purposeand requiring a series of reforms that would make the investment sustainable. (Para2, page2)

Billons of men hours are lost with people “stuck in traffic”. The primary reason for thishas been the explosive growth in the number of motors vehicles, coupled withlimitations on the amount of road space that can be provided. For example, on anaverage, while the population of India’s six major metropolises increased by about1.9 times during 1981 to 2001, the number of motor vehicles went up by over 7.75times during the same period.

Increased use of personal vehicles has led to increased air pollution. (Para 3, page 2)

Unless the above problems are remedied, poor mobility can become a major dampenerto economic growth and the cause the quality of life to deteriorate. A policy is, therefore,needed on the approach to dealing with this rapidly growing problem as also offer aclear direction and a clear framework for the future action. (Para 4, page 3)

ObjectivesThe Objective of this policy is to ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliableand sustainable access for the growing of city residents to jobs.

• Incorporating urban transportation as an important parameter at the urbanplanning stage rather than being a consequent

• Bringing about a more equitable allocation of road space with people, ratherthan vehicles, as its main focus.

• Establishing effective regularly and enforcement mechanisms that allow a levelplaying field for all operators of transport services and enhanced safety for thetransport system users.

• Establishing institutional mechanisms for enhanced coordination in the planningand management of transport system.

• Building capacity (institutional and manpower) to plan for sustainable urbantransport and establishing knowledge management system that would servicethe needs of all urban professionals, such as planners, researchers, teachers,students,

• Raising finance, through innovative mechanisms that tap land as a resource,for investments in urban transport infrastructure.

Nkœ l∞z∑F∫ :

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• Taking up pilot projects that demonstrate the potential of possible best practicesin sustainable urban transport. (Para 5, page4)

Equitable allocation of Road SpaceTransport planning is intrinsically linked to land use planning and both need to

be developed together in a manner that servers the entire population and yet minimizestravel needs. (Para 8, page5)

At present, road space gets allotted to whichever vehicle occupies it first. Thefocus is therefore, the vehicle and not people. The result is that a bus carrying 40people is allotted only two and a half times the road space that is allotted to a carcarrying only one or two person. In this process, the lower income groups have,effectively, ended up paying, in terms of higher travel time and higher travel cost, forthe disproportionate space allotted to personal vehicles. Users of non-motorizedmodes have tended to be squeezed out of the roads on account of serious threats totheir safety. If the focus of the principle of the road space allocation were to be thepeople, then much space would need to be allotted to public transport systems thanis allotted at present. (Para11, page6)

The Central Government would, therefore, encourage measures thatallocate road space on a more equitable basis, with people as its focus. Thiscan be achieved by reserving lanes and corridors exclusively for public transportand non-motorized three persons popularly know as High Occupancy VehicleLanes). Past experience has been that such reserved lanes are not respectedby motorist and therefore lose meaning. In order to facilitate better enforcementof such lane discipline, suitable provision would be introduced in the MotorVehicle Act and other instrumentalities to enable stringent penalties for violation.(Para 12, page 6)

Need to Shift from Personal to Public Transportation andSegmented Approach.

Public transport serves another social purpose. It helps reduce congestion andthe air pollution, if users of personal vehicles can be persuaded to shift to publictransport. Their needs are, however, for improved quality and not much for low fares.It is, therefore necessary to think of different types of public transport services fordifferent segments of commuters. (Para16, page7)

A good public transport system is the one that is perceived by the user as asingle and allows seamless travel between one made and the other as also betweensystems managed by different operators. Such seamless interchange is possible ifproper inter-change infrastructure is available and users are able to use single ticketover all such system. This also requires that a single agency takes responsibility forcoordination so that there is a common approach to public transport planning andmanagement. (Para 21, page9)

Para transit is normally expected to fulfill a need that neither public transport orpersonal vehicles are able to fulfill. (Para26, page10)

The segregation of vehicles moving at different speeds would help improvetraffic flow, increase the average speed of traffic and reduce emission resultingfrom sub-optimal speeds. (Para27, page10)

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Parking, Land Use and its Pricing.Land is valuable in all urban areas. Parking places occupy large portion of such

lands. This fact should be recognized in the determining the principles for allocationof parking space.

Levy of a high parking fee, that truly represents the value of the land occupied,should be used as a means to make the use of public transport more attractive.Preference in the allocation of parking space for public transport vehicles and non-motorized modes as well as easier access of work places to and from such spaceswould go a long way in encouraging the use of sustainable transport system. Parkand ride facilities for bicycles users, with convenient inter-change, would be anotheruseful measure. Simultaneously, a graded scale of parking fee, that recovers theeconomies cost of the land used in such parking, should be adopted. The objectivewould be to persuade people to use transport to reach centers.

State government would be required to amend building bye laws in allmillion plus cities so that adequate parking space is available for all residents/users of such buildings. (Para34, page 11)

Freight Traffic within the cities.The timely and smooth movement of freight is crucial to well being of the people

and the viability of the economics activities they undertake. However, with limitedcapacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic and passengertraffic are so staggered as to make optimum use of the transport infrastructure. It isa time honored and tested practice to use off-peak passenger travel times to movefreight. Many cities have earmarked late night hours for movement of freight andrestricted the entry of heavy vehicles into cities during daytime.(Para 36, page 12)

Innovative Financing Mechanisms Using Land as a ResourceThe central government would encourage the levy of dedicated taxes to

be credited to an urban transport fund and used exclusively to meet urbantransport needs within the state. Such dedicated taxes could be in the form of asupplement to the petrol and diesel taxes, betterment levy on landowners or even anemployment tax on employers. In fact, revenues from betterment levy along new highcapacity public transport corridors would be included as a component of the financingplan for such transport systems. (Para52, page 15)

Need for Public Awareness and CooperationUrban transport policies cannot succeed without the fullest corporation of all

the city residents. Such co-operation can be best secured if the objectives are madeclearly known to them. It is, therefore, necessary to launch intensive awarenesscampaigns that educate people on the ill effects of the growing transport problem inurban areas-especially on their health and well being. The campaigns would seektheir support for initiative like greater use of public transport and non-motorizedvehicles, the proper maintenance of their vehicles, safer driving practices, and etc.such campaigns would also encourage individual, families an communities to adopt“Green Travel Habits” that would make travel less polluting and damaging. (Para55,page 16)

http://www .urbanindia.nic.in/moud/pr ogramme/ut/T ranspor tPolic y.pdf

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