Οδηγός Ανάπτυξης
description
Transcript of Οδηγός Ανάπτυξης
-
OPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOOPOPOPOPPOPOPOPOPOPPPOOOPOPOPPOPOOPOPOPOPOOOOOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPPPPPPPOPPPPOPOPOOOOOOPOOOOPPPPO AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA NNNNNNNININININININININNNNNININININNNNNNININININNINNINININNININNNININININNINNINNNNNININNNNINNINNNIINNNNNNNNIINNNNNNNIIINNN MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO E EE E EEEEEEEEE E EEE E E EE EE E EEEEEEEEE EEEEEE EEEEEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA KTKTKTKKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKKKTKTKTKKKKKTKTKKKTKTKKTKTKKTKTKTKTKTKKKKKKKTKTKTKKTKTKTKTKTKTKTKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTKTKTTKKTTIKIKIKIKIKIKIKIKKKKIKIKIKIKIKIKKKKKKIKKKIKKKIKKIIIKIKIKKKKIKKKKKKKKKKIKIKKIKNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN B B B B B BBB BBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBIBIBIBIBIBIBIBIBBBBIBIBIBIBBBBBIBIBIBIBBBBIBIBBBBBBBBBBBBBIBIBBBBIBBBBBBBBBBIBBIBBBBBBBIBBBBBBBBBBBBIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNNHNHNHNHHNNNNHNHNHNNHNNNNNNHNHNHHHHNHNNNNNNHNNHHHNNNNNNHNHHNHNHNNHNHHNHNHNHNHNHNHNNHNHHNHNHNHNHHNHNNNHHNHHNHHNHHNNNHHNHHNNHHNHHNNAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
YYYYYOYOYOYOYYPPPPEIEIEIEIE O OO O O O EEEENINNININIIKHKKHKHKH AAIIEIE AA KK K AIAA PHPHPHPHPHHKKKEYEYMAMAMAMAATTTTTT NNNNNAAAAAAAIIAAIKIKO O ININNNNNNTT ITITTTTOOYOYOYO TO
,, - pipipi ,
-
... / / 2.2.1 / 2.2.1.: pi pi pi pi
. ...
: pi pi pi ..... ... pi
pi pi pi
pi pi pi
75% pi pi 25% pi pi.
: , , pi / pi - , pi pi pi , pi / pi. ,
- : . , pi pi , , pi / pi.
: pi , pi,
: . pipi,
KAI
: pipi,
:
:
-
, - pi ,
-
7
999
: / / / //
pi pi 111111111pi pi pi 141414444444 pi pi 11555555555555 pi 111777777777777 pi pi pi 22244444444 2522
-- 2266666 3232 38888 444444444pi 50505 565666 pi pi 66222222pi 68686888pi 747474744
: // /
-- 8888881111111 990909000000090900090090090 9999999999999999999 11000088888888pi 111111777777777 121222666666666666666666666 pi pi 1135353555553555555553pi 144444444444444444444444444pi 155555151551153333333333333333333333
16166666162222222222 1616666661663333
-
pi pi pi pi pi pi . pi, , pipi pipi , , pi -- .
pi pi pi pi. , ----pi , pi pi - pi pi.
pi pi pi pi ------pi pi pi pi--------, pi pi pi pi--------------. pi pi pi (.....) pi (...), pi pi ------------ pi, pi pi 304 .//13-03-08, pi ---------- . pi ---------- pi pi .
pi pi pi . pipipi,,,, /pi pi pi pi pi pi. pi, pipi pi . pipipi pi pi pi, pi pi------ pi , pi pipi pi ----------pi .
: ) / ) / .
/ pi pi . pi pi --------- pi pi, pi pi -----------pi, pi, pi------------- , pi pi pi ------pi, . pi ---- pi pi: - - , ,,,,,,,,,, , pi , , pi pi, ----pi , pi . , pi pi pi.....
/ pi , pi-----, pi pi pi, --------- , pi pi pi .
, pi - ( ), pi pi pi pi , .
9
-
/
1
-
pi pi pi pi pi -pi, pi , , - pi pi (. 1650/1986, 2, 1/ 160 ./16-10-86). - pi pi pi pi.
, pi pi- pi , -, pi, .pi., pi, pi pipi pi , pi pi , pi.. pi, pi-, pi, pi.. pi pi, , pi.. pipi -, ,pi.. pi pi, . pi. /pi pi pipi pi pi .
pi - , pi pi - pi pi - . pi, pi pi- pi pi pi .
pi pi (SustainableDevelopment) pi pi - pi, - pi . pi pi- , pi pi, pipi pi pipi pi-
, pi , pi.
, pi , --pi pi pi pi ----: pi, pi----- pi. pi pipi ---- , pi, , ,,,, , pi,,,, pi, , pi.
pi 60, pi---- pi pi pipipi pi-----. pi pi----- . 1972, (Club bb ofofofofofofofoRome) pi pipi , ----- pi, pi------- pipi pi. -- pi , pi, ...
pi , pipi ------------- . pi , 1972 , pi, pi .
pi ------------- pi 70 pi Pirages (The Sustainable Society) Brown ((Buildidid ngngngnggggggggggga Sustainable Society). ---------- 1987, pi pi pipi pi pi . pipi ----------------- pi ... pi pipi Harlem Bruundtlannnnd.d.d.d.d.d
pi, A 21
pi ( 21, . 24-32)
pi , pi ----- Brundtland, pipi pi pi pi pi -- pi .....
Brundtland pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi --- pi..
: pi pi, pi , pi, pi pi, pi , pi pi, pipi .
pi
pi
pi
(
21,
. 5-7,
19-22)
pi
( 21, . 9-18)
1. - pi pi 11
I.1
-
92, 199 - pi ... -pipipi , pi pipipipi
, , pi-pipipipipi . , pi pi , - 21 (Agenda 21). pi - pi pi pi. , - pi pi - pi pi. 21 pi pi pi 21 . pi -pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi, pi, pi. pi
pi - (1998), pi pi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi , - (2002) pi, - pipi (2007)
pi (2007) .
pi, pi pi, - pi pi pi - pi pi: , pi- pi , , pi, pi, , pi.
pi 3 - pi ( : -pi pi pi -, , 1997), pi pi- pi pi , pi, . , -, pi pi - pi, - pi pi. - pi , pi- pi, pi - , pi- . , - pi, pi - pi -pi .
4 - pi ( pi - -pi pi, pi, 2007),pi : pi- pi pi - pi pi pi- . pi pi pi pi- , pi pi . pi pi. , pi-,
pi pi A 21: pi, pi , , pi , pi, , pi, , - pi ,pi , .
pipi - pi pi pi pi pi. pi pipi pi pi pi-pi , pi pi pi- pi , , - , pi pi - . pi, pi - pi pi.
pi- pipi (Ecological Footprint), pi - pi. pi
pi 20% pi- pi pi pi . - pi pi, pi 2,5 pi-. , pi , pi 5 pi. pi pipi, - (119 - ) ... (96 ). - pi - pi , pi.
To pipi
12I.1
-
pi pi . - pi pi pipi. -pi , , - pi pipi pi -pi. pi pi - 1.
pi pi , - pi pi pi pi, pi pi , - pi . pi, pipi pi- pi pi pi pi pi -/ pi . , pi pi - pi pipi - pi pi.
, pi -, UNESCO, , -pi 2005-2014, -pi pi - pi pi - . - 2005-2014 -pi pi. - pi : 2006: -, - , 2007: & , 2008:- , 2009: , & - , 2010: - & pi, 2011: pi pi ,
2012: & , 2013: pi & , 2014: ..
pi , pi pi pi , pi pipipi , , pi ---, pi .
pi pi pipi pi pi pi pi----, pi -- , pi pi, pi , , pi , -------- pi pipi ,,,, , pipi, .. --------pi, pi pi ---- .
pi - . - pi, pi , pipi - pi -. pi pi pi, - pi pi, pi, , - .
, , , - - , pi pi
. pipi- , --pi pi pi. -- pipi::) pi pi, pi -- pi pi --pi , pi , ) pi pi pi, ) , pi - pi pi --pi, ) ) pi pipi-, pi ..
1. .
13
-
pi , . , pi 1818111 92/90
-pipipipipi pi. pi , pi- , pi , . pi ( - pi). pi . pi - - ) pi ( pi pi- pi , ,, pi , - pi pi pi
.
pi pi pi pi pi , -pi pi pi pi pi, pipi pi. pi /, , , -pi/ - pi pi pi- pi - pi pi pi pi pi -/ pipi2.
, pi pi pi3.
./13-3-20032222222222222222222.2222.22 304 .33.3.3.3333.3333.333333333333333333...33333333.333333333
1892/1990 ( 101 ./31-07-1990), 111,1.1. pi pipipi pi - pi. , pi, pi .. pi pi pi... . pi 484 /62 /2 /4877 ( 7972.2 pi0-12-1990), : - -.../ 20 - pi pi . 35 ( 11 ./04-02-1991), 3.3. : - : pi.//
1946/91 ( 69 ./14-05-1991) : -4.44 pi pipi pi./// pi 2/4867/28-8-1992 ( 6295.5 pi3-10-1992), pi pi -. / 23, , pi pi -, .pi pi 1/377/865 ( 577/23-09-6. pi, : -19992) / pi 2986 /2002 ( 24 ./13-02-2002), :77.7.7 pi / / pi. / pi 47587/57/16-05-03 (8.8.88 pi./03-06-2003), ....,696933/.
pi & pi -, - .
9. pi pi .12.1/545/85812/1 31.08.2005 ( 1280 ./13-09-2005), : - pi / pi.
10. pi pi 60991/7/19-06-2006, : pi- pi () pi pi ().
11. 117302/7/19-10-2007, : - pi -: , - pi, , -, Comenius, Leonardo da Vinci eTwinning.
12. pi - pi, pi pi- 107632/7/02-10-2003, .. 13324/07-02-2006 7/126807/14-11-2003, 7/4115/16-01-2004 7/16065/14-02-2006.
13. , pi, pi pi:.. 100496/7/18-9-2003, .. 66272/7/04-07-2005,.. 115926/7/20-10-05, .. 39271/7/17-4-06, ../39273/7/17-4-06, .. 127856/7/29-11-2006 ..120123/7/24-10-2007.
pi pi pi pi pi pi pi ./13-3-2003 304 , pi pi . , pi - pi ... pi pi, pi pi- .
2. pi pi pi 14
I.2
-
- pi pi 1960. -, pi pi pi , pi:
, (Neva-da Carson City), pipi - pi pi pi. -pi pi, pi: pi - pi pi - pi, pi pi. -pi pi -pi pi - pi pi pi pi pi pi.
pi, ... pi - (91-516), pi. - pi pi pi pi, pipi .
, (Ruschlikon), pi pi - pi , - pi pi - pi pi pi-.
, , pipi - -pi. , pi Aix-en-Provence, - pi -.
, , pi-, Project Environment, pi pi pi-.
, , -, pi pi - pi. pi- , pi pi -, , - :
--pi pipi - pi.
pi pi - , pi pi pi .
pi----- pipi ,,,pi pi pi ------.
, pi, pi, pi :
pi pi pi-----,
pi, pi pi-------- pi, pi pi pi ---
pi -------------pi pi pi....., pi --------
pi, pi pipipipipi ---- . ----:
pi ----- ,
pi , pi pi , pi, pi pi pi
pi pi pi pi pi pi,
pi pi pipi pi pipi.
, , 1 ---------pi, pi pi ........ pi pi pi pipi .. pi ---------- pi pi , pi, pi. ----- pi ---------------- pi pi. ---pi pi pi pi pipi----------------.
To 1977
To 1975
To 1974
To 1972
To 1971
To 1970
3. pi pi 15
I.3
-
, 2 - pi, - pi . - pi pi, - pi pi pi pi- pi . , - pi pi pi pi. - pi pi- , pipi - pi. , Epi pi pi : 90, pi, pi pi pi- pi, pi , pi pi pipi, pi pi pi, pi pi ..., pi pi pi, pi pipi, pi pipi.
, pi pi - pi - - pi pi-pipipipipipipipipipi . pi - pi, -pipipipipipi .pipipipipipi
, pi -.... . . pi pi. , pi pi pi, pi - pi pi.
, -pi , pi pi, pi - pi pi - pi -
pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi . :
pi - ,
pi - , pi
pi -pi ,
pi -.
, , 3 pi : : pi pi- .
, pi, pi, pi 21 pi pi - pi pi . pi- pi ... - 2005-2014 pi -pi.
, , pi , pi pi pi -.
, , 5 pi pi - pi pi pi pi -pi.
, pi pipi- 4 -pi : pi - - pi pi.
, pi , pi , pi , pi 3 15 , - ... -, pi .
pi pi pi pi (Bali Mandate) :
pi 2009,
pi pi ,
pi .
, pi- , pi pi.
To 1987
To 2007
To 2003
To 2002
To 1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
19971992
To 1992
To 1988
16I.3
-
4 pi pi - pi A pi - pi . pipi - , pi -.
pipi , pi- - , pi - . pi , , pi pi pi - pi pi, pi pi , -pi, pi -.
pipi pi-, pi -. pi , pi pi pi . , pi pi pi pi pipi, pi -, pi pi pi- pi-. pi pi pi- -.
pi pi pi pi - pi. pipi - , - , ,
pi, , pi---, , pi .
pi pi pi . -----, pi ---- , pi pi, ------pipi , pi , pi ,,,,,,, pipi, pi pi, pi , pipi---- pi, pi , pipi, , , ,, / , , -- pi. .. ...
----------- pi pi pi . pi ----------:
pi , pi
pi pipi
pi pi
pi , --
--------.
4. (Hungerford & Peyton, 1994.)
To pipi .. pi
To pi .. pi
4. pi 17
I.4
-
: pi-pipipipipi pi.
Epi pi
pi pi, pi pi pi.
:pi pi pi pipi pi pi pi - / / pi pi pi pipi pi
: pi pi - pi. pipi
pi
pi pi pi pi pi -pipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi pi . pi -pipipipipi
:
! pi pi : pi- pi pi - . pi pi-
pi :pi , pi pipi -pi , pi pi.
!!! : pi pi pi pi pi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi pipi - pi. pi pi pi-
. pi pipi pi .pipipipi
, pi , pipi-
pi , pi pi- pi pi pi, -pi pi pi, pi pi .
pi pi:
pi , pi pi . pi pi. pi pi pipi- pi.
: pi pi pi.
: pi pipi - . pi pi- . pi , , pi pi , , .pi. , pipi , pi pi , - pi pi pi-pi, pi pi pi pi.
pi: pi pi-pi . -, pi pipi pi , -pi pi , - pi, , - pi pi, , .pi.
: pi- pi pi pi , , pi pi pi. - pi pi pi .
pipi (pi pi)
pi pi5 :) , ) - pi, pi . - pi:
(pi -).
( ).
18I.4
t al., 1994), (Glasersfeld, 1989), (Wheatley, 1991).5555..5..555..5555.5.555555555555555 (((((((((((DrDrDrDDrDDDD iver et
-
( , pi , , -pi pi ).
( - ).
pi- ( - ).
: pi pi- pi ;
: pi pi. pi - pipi pi -.
: pi pi pi pi:
pi, pi - . pi pi . ,pi . pi pi pi. -, : pi 15 pi, pi - ;. pi- .
: pi pipi pi- pi - . -: - ;. pi , pi -, , -, . pi .
. - pi .
pi-: pi-. , , pi pi ;
, pi , pipi - pi pi , - .
pi
, - pi -, pi, - . , - pi pi, pipi pipi pi pi pi pi .
: pi pi pi pi pi
: ------ pi, pipi, , pi .
:" pi pi
;" pi pi
pi;" pipi ------
pi;" pi pipipi---
pi, pipi pi ;;;;;;;;
" pi ----------- ;
" pi pipipipipipipi-----------, pi pi ;
pi pi ---------- pi pi pi pi, ------------------ pi, pi pi ----pi. pi ----- pi : pi, ------------pi pi pi, , , ----------- pi, .. pi pi pi (pi pi ----------). pipi, pi --------- pi pi , -----------, pipi. :
pi pi pi pi
pi - pi pi pi
: pi pi -------------------------- .
pi pi: pi pi .
pi pi::::::: pi . pi pi pi pi . ---------------
19
-
pi pi . pi . pi - . . pi - pi: pi- pipi 30 , . pi, pipipipi , pi . , , pi . -pipipipi . pi : pi pi pi pi - :
.
pipi
pipi - pi pi pi pipi. :pipipipipipipipipipipi pi pi- pi pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi , pi- , .. , - , pi-.pi pipi pi- / pi ., pi pi , pi.pi
: pi pi pi - pi
. - pi , pi :pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi pi- pi . pi - pi pi pi pi . - pi pi pi , pi- .
pi pi
- pi pi pi - ,,, pi , . pi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pi pi- /. :
pi pi pi pi pi.
pi pipi pi .
pi ( pi) pi pi .
pi pi -pi pipi pi pi- , .
pi.
: . . -
pipi pi -. ( -) . - pi pi - . pi -: pi ;, -;, pi pipi -;, pi ;.
, o pi pipi pi - pi pi - , pi pipi, - .
pi . pi - . pi -, pi - , pi.., pi, pi pi - pi /pi- pi . -:
pi pi pi .
pi . pi. pi - pi pi pi.
: - pi ;.
pi pi , pi . , pi pi .
20I.4
-
pi pi
pi pi, -pi, pi, , pi pi pi - . pi pi- pi pi pi pi pi pi- pi-. :
pi - pi .
. -
. pipi
-pi.
pi.
pi - pi pi pi.
pi pi pipi pi pi.
pi pi pi pi pi pi pipi pi.
pi, pipi (- pi pi, pi -pi, , .pi.) pi- pi pi pi.
: pi pi .
. pi pi pi .
, pipi . -pi.
pi (pi.. ) , pi.. 3 pi .
pi , - . , pi- pi . pi-pi pi -
. , pi---- .
pipi, pi , pi pi pi ----pi.
pi pi pi------ pi ---- , pi pipipipi pi, . pi----- pi . pipipipipipipipi------ ..... pi pi pi/ pi-------. pi pipi ----, --------------.
------------pi pi pi ,
, pi pipi . pi pi pi .
pi pi , ------------ pi----- pipi pi pi pi pi pi.
: pi pi pi pi pi pi pi
pi pi pi pi pi
: pi -------------- pi .
, pi.. pi ---- pi pi -----------.
, pi pi , pi -------- ---.
21
-
pi pi . , pi, pi -pipipipipi , pi, pi- , .pi. - pi , , pi pi pi , , - , pipi pi . pi. pi, pipi pi pi - . pi pi -pipipipi
.
pi
pi -pi - pi -.. , pi . pi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi , pi . pi- pi pi pi. , pipi - . , - pi pi pi pi. pi: pi pi pi pipi ( pi) - pipi
: pi-:pipipipipi pi pi pi- , , pi, , pi . ,
, pi ... , .
pipi . pi - pi.
/
, , pi pi pi pi pi , pi .pipipipipipipipi
pipi , pi pi. -pi, , pi -pi , pi pi pi pipi .:
pi pi-/ pi , - pi pi - .
pi pi .
: pi pi . pi pi -pipi pi .
, -. , pi - pi .
- pi . - pi -, pi-pi pi.
: pi pi- - pi pi . - pi .
pi pi pi- pi .
pi pi
pi
22I.4
-
pi
pi pi pipi pi pi/. -, pi, pi -pi pi pi pi----.
: ------pi .
pi pipi pi---- . :
pi (pi - ).).).).). pi pi: , -----, , , .pi.
pi pi.
pi
: pi / pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi
pi pi -
pi-
: pi pi pi , -pi , , , , , , , .pi.
, pi pipi.
: pipi pi pi pi- .
pi pi pi pi pi pi pi .
pi pi pi pi
pi-
: pi pi
pi pi
pi
pi pi pi
pi pi, pi pi
pipipi
pi pi, ,
23
-
pi pi - , pi
pipipipi:
pi pi pi pi pi-
.
pi :pipi - pi . pi pi pi pi .pi pi pi pi -pi .pi , -
.
pi (, , - ) pi pi- . pi pi pi , pi , , , pi- , , pipi, , , pi- , , ..
, pipi -Api - pi . pi- , 5 . pi pipi
(, -pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi ;) -
pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi .
pi pi/ pi - pi, pio pi - pi .
, pipi-
, pi - / , pi -pi pi , .
, pi-
, . pi pi-, pi - pi pi pi.
pi, pi, - pi - pi pi pi- pi pi .
pi
pi pi pi- . pi, - pi pi- pi pi pi pi pi pi, , - pi pi pi . pipi, pi pi pi pi -.
pi pi /
pi , pi (, , ).
pi pi
pi pi pi - pi. pi , pi- pi pi , - , , .pi.
5. pi pi pi24
I.5
-
pipi, pi- -pi pi-. pi, pi pipi pi- pi - pi pi , pi . , pipi pi pi.
, pi - pi pi, pi , pi pi- pi. , - pi pi :
, pi , , pi- pi , -, pi,
pi pi- pi,
pipi pi , pi, pi, pi pipi pi,
pi ,pi pi ,
/ pi pi pi- pi , ,
pi , , , pi pi pi- .
pi pi - pi pi pi pi . pi, - pi , pi-, , , pi, ..
pi- pi - (Pr-test/Post-test), pi -pi pi- .
6 pi pi pi pi pi pi - pi. , pi- pi -. pi pi- pi pi , pi.
, . . 1998. pi. : -----
., . . 1999. : pipi -----
pi - . : Gutenennnnnennnnnn----berg.
, . . & pi, . (pi.). 2004. ----: pi pipi. : . .
304 ./13-3-2003., . 1993. pi. : --------------
pi .Driver R., Asoko, H., Leach, J., Mortimer, E. & Scott, P. 1994. CoCCCCon-n-n----n-n-----n--
structing scientific knowledge in the classroom. Educcationaaaalll ll ReeReReRRe----------searcher 23 (7), 5-12.
Driver, R., Squires, A., Rushworth, P. & Wood-Robinson, V. 1998.88888 ---- pi. pi . . . . : ----------- pi- .
Giordan, A., & Souchon, C. 1992. Une ducation pour lenvirronnemeentttttntntnttttttt...ttNice : Z Editions.
Glasersfeld, E., von, 1989. Constructivism in Education. IIn T. Husennnnnnnnennnnnnnnnn& T. N. Postlethwaite (eds.). International encyclopediia of educccca-a-a-a-a-ation. Supplement Vol. 1. Oxford/New York: Pergamon Press, 16662-2-2-2-2-2-163.
Hungerford, H.R., & Peyton, R.B. 1994. Procedures for devveloping g anananannnnnnannnnnnenvironmental education curriculum (revised). EnvironmentntntntalalalalalalalalallalaaaaEducation Series 22. Paris: UNESCO-UNEP.
Wheatley, G.H. 1991. Constructivist perspectives on sccience annnnannnnndddddddddddddddmathematics learning. Science education, 75(1), 9-211.
, pi, pi, -, pi, Brundtland, Epi pi, pi, -pi, pipi, Agenda 21, Brrundtlaanddreport, crossdisciplinary, environment, Enviroonmenntat llEducation, Education for Sustainable Devellopmeentn ,,interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, sustainable deveelopmmenennt,t,,transdisciplinary.
portal.unesco.org (Unesco)www.pi-schools.gr ( )www.ypepth.gr (pi ) ))
6. (Giordan & Souchon, 1992.)
M -.
-(Pr-test)
-(Post-test)
pi
pi
()
pi
6. 25
-
pi pi -
1.600 . pi . - pi (78%) - (20,95%). pi pi, pi, (, , pi, , ), , , , .. , pi - , .
T pi pi pi. pi- pi (pi=-). pi, pi , pi pipi 10 ., pipi pi pi- .
pi pi pi pi-
pipi pi , pi, - .
(,pi, , .pi.) pi pi pi.
pi . o , - , .. , pi pi - pi. pi pi - , pi pi - pi .
, pi . , pi , pipi pipi. pi, pi pi 2 .
1. 26II.1
To pi - pi - . pi - pi pipi. pi - pi pi. pi 1982/1983 -pi pi pi, pi.
pipipipi pipi pipipipipipipi pipipi
pipi... pipipipi pipipipipipi ---
...
-
pi: pi pi pi ;
pi pi- pi pi Fourier 1824, pi pi - , pi . , pi pipi -, , pi. pi, - , pi pipi 15oC, 30 oC.
, , pi pi- pi - pi . pi pi 1% . -pi (CO2) (CH4). , pi , , .
pi , pipi - - 650.000 . - pi pi pi . pi- pi, pi pi - . pi - pi pi 290 ., - 380 , pi pi
280 . pi , pi 50 - 200 pi , pi-pi 650 .
-, (-, pi, ). pi , -pi - , pi - , , , pi, ,.. , - pi pi - 0,6oC pi pipi. 20 1990 1.000 .
, pi . pi pi pi pi (1861) pi 2005, 1998, 2002, 2003 2004.
pi , pipi - pi-
27
.
690-10.000
85-690
50-85
20-50
6-20
pipipi
pi
pi pi pipipi pipi pi
CO 2
Epi
pipipi
pi pi
pi pi. pi.
TTpi
CO2 pi .
-
pi . pipi , pipi pi- 1,4 5,8oC - 1990 2100, - , - 9 88 . - . , pi pi, pi pi11.500 , pi 5 oC pi , pi pi pi!
pi, pi pi -
pi pi, , - pi pi, , - . , pi pi - pi. , pi pi - pi pi , pi - pi 2000.
pi , pi pi - . pi pi pi - 20 pi - pi- .
pi - . - , pi pi - . pi pi pi (Golf Stream), pi pi pi. pi- , pi - pi pipi pi pi pi - .
pi pi- pi pi- pipi . pi-pi pi, pi - , - , pi , pi, ,.., pi - .
pi, pi- pi - pi-. pi pi- pi pi pi., pi , , pi- pi , -
28II.1
pi 1982 2004. pi pi pi- .
( ). 11 2005 . , - pipi CO2 .
pi 2012 pi- pipi pi (CO2), pi pi -, (CH4), pi (N2O), - (HFC), pi - pi (PFC) - (SF6) 5,2% pipi 1990.
-
pi pi pi pi . pi - pi. - pi pi , pi - pi, pi pi.
pi, - pi pi pi pi - pi pi pi, . , pi- pi, pi - .
pi pi-
-. pi pi pi pi - pi 19. pi , pi - , pi pi , , , , .pi.
(SO2), pi pi - pi pi , (x), pi pi- . -
(2SO4) (O3) -. , , , .pi., pi
; pi . pi - pi pi pi pi -, pi pi 2100.
, pi, , pi pi - pi .
pi , - , pi 90 1999 20 -. pi - pi 0,9 2oC . , , pi pi -. pi, pi, - .
pi pi pi pi. pi pi o - .
pi pi. pi pi - .
29
pi .
-
pi pi- pi pi (, -). , pi pi .
pi- - pi - pi pi pipi . - p 5,6. p pi pi 4,5 pi .
pi - pi . ,pi pi , -pi . pi- pi pi- .
pi pi pi - pi, pi.. 1970 pi - 1980. , pi - pi , pi .
70 pi -
pi , pi pi - -. pi pi pi- pi , pi pipi pi- pi pi . , pi pi pi pipi pi pi.
pi - (CFCs), pi - pi pi pi . -, (CFCs), pi - pi pi -
, pi pi pi .
pi, pi .pi, pi pipi pi pi, pi- / .
pi 16 pi- 1987 pi 24 , pi pi pi . , pi, - pi 95% ., pi pi pi 180. pi . , pi , , , pi pi pipi 2050 .
pi pi pi pi pi , -
pi pi pi, pi pi - pi. , pi-pi pi pi pi - pi, pi, pi, pi pi.
pi pi pi pi , , -, , , - , , .pi. - pi pi pipi pi pi pipi. , pi , pipi pi - pipi pipi .
, pi pi , pi pi . , - pi pi , pi pipi pi -. , pi - pi, pi : (CO),
(Pb), (SO2) - pi pi , pi pipi, pipi pi pi pi pi .
(TSP) pi , pipi pi . pi 10 m.
30II.1
pi pi pi (2005). To - pi pi pi .
-
(NO2) pi- pi pi .
(3), pi pi- pi pi pi pi, - , pipi , pi- pi pi . pipi pi
pi pi- pipi . pi pipi pi pi , , . pipi , , - , -pi, pi- , pi , , .., pi pi pi .
Jeftic, L., Milliman, J. D. & Sestini, G. 1992 (Eds.). Climate change and
the Mediterranean. London: Edward Arnold.Kolbert, E. 2006. Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Cli-
mate Change. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.Miller, G.T. 2006. pi. : .Miller, G.T. 2007. pi -
pi. 9 . M. . pi. : .
31O pi pi pi pi pi: pi pipi
pi / pipi
pi pi , , .pi. pi pi pi pi, , , , .pi.
pi pi pi . .
, pi , pi (VOCs)
pi pi pi , , .. pi pi pi pi .
. pi.
. pi pi,pi , , pi pi pi .
pi.
pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi,, ..
pi . pi , pi pi pi pi pi .
pi pi pi:, , pi pi, .. pi, pi, .
.
pi pi , .. pi pi pi , , pi, ..
pi. pi .
pi pi pi pi pi pi .
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi ,.pi. pi pi pi , , pi.
pi.
(, , .pi.) pi pi
, pi , , ..
pi .
, pi, , , , pi, acidrain, atmosphere, atmospheric pollution, climate change,ange,greenhouse effect, weather.
www.breathingearth.net/ (Simulator of CO2 emismission per country))www.greenfacts.org/en/climate-change-ae-ar4/ (Green Factssssssssssssssssssss,,,,,Facts on Health and the environment)www.ipcc.ch/ (Intergovernmental panenel on climattattttttttee eee eeee e e eeee chchchcchchhchhhhhhchchhhhhananananananaananannananananananannanangeegegegegegegegeegegegegeeeegeeeeggee))))))))))))))))www.realclimate.org/ (Realclimate, ClClimate scccccccccccieieieieieieeieeieeeeeeieeieei ncncncncncncccncncncncncncncccncncnnceeee eee eeeeeee eee ee eeee frfrfrfrfrfrfrfrfrffrfrfrrfrfffrfffff omomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomommoommomomommommmm ccccccccccccccccc c c cccclililililililililllillilillllli-------mate scientists)www.unfccc.int/2860.php (United Naaations Frammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmewewewewewewewewewewewewewewewewwewewwwewe orroroo k k kk CoCoCoCoCoonvnvnvnvnvnvnvnvnnvvenenenenenennennennnnennnnen-----tion on Climate Change)www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter4/e/enn/index7......hthththththththtththtthttttttthtttttthtmlmlmlmlmlmmlmlmlmmlmlml (W(W(WW(W(W(WW(W(WWWWWWWororoororororororooororrorororoorldldddldlddddlddddddddddld hh hh h hhhh hhhh hhh hh heaeaeaeaeaeaeaaeaealtltltltlttltltlttltltltltlttltltllttltl hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhorganization)
-
pi 70 % pi pi pi .
pi 97% , pipi, pi - , , pi, , pi- , - pi. pi, pi pi .
pi pi -
pi : pi , , pi. , , . pi - , pi . pi- pi , 4C. pi 0C - pi pi , , pi . pi pipi -, pi pi pi pi. pi pipi pi - . pi pi , pi, .
2. 32II.2
: pi ... (USGS).
3%
97%
0,9 %
pi 0,3 %
pi
30,1, %
pi68,7 %
2222 2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 11111111 %%% % %%%%%%%
87%
% pi pi .
97,2: 2,15: pi 0,625: pi 0.009: pi0,016:
pi pipi pi- .
pi pi 1 , :
972 ml -. 28 ml ,pi pi 21,5 ml pi- , 6,25 ml pi- , 0,09 ml pi- 0,16 ml .
, 1 ml.
-
pi .pi , . pi pi . - .
pi pi -
pi , pi-, . pi pi . - ( ), pi, pi pi (- ) ( , -). pi , , , , pi . pi pi pi - pi pi 25 . - .
pi pi pi pi pi , pi pi . pi- , pi pi, pi, -. pi pi .
pi pi : , pi, -, pi, .
pi pi - pi (pi, -, , , ..) . pi- . pi pi pi . - pi pi . pi, .
pi pi - pi pi -
. , pipi pi . pi pi pi pi-, pi pi , pi , pi pi, - pi , .. pi pi , pi-pi pi
. pipi -, - pi pi. pi pi , pi pi- pi . , , - pi , pi - pi pi pi pi pi.
pi pi.
33
pio (). , pi ().
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi
pi
Epi
Epi
pi
40
-
, , pi pi - pi. pi pi , , pi , - pi pi pi .
pi pipi pi -
pi pi pi , - . - pi pi pi - pi-. , pi pi pi .
pi. 2000 pi.., pi . , - pi pi pi. 5 pi.. , -pi, pi pi. - (484-410 pi..) pi pi -pi pi pi. pipi pi pi . pi pi . pi pi, pi pi.
. -
pi pi pi pi - pi . , pi- pi pi pi, -
pi . , , - , pi,, : ) ) , pi, pi - pi.
pi pi pi pi. pi . pi, -, pi pi pi pi.
34II.2
pi . ... pi, pi.
pi pi pi .
-
..., 232 -pi pi 26 pi pi -, - . , 18 pipi pi , , -pi. pi 1,1 pi, 18% pio pi, pi pi . pi 2,2 -pi pi pi pi pi - pi pi pi pi - pi pi .
pi - pi:
pi , pi pi , ,pi, ..,
, pi , ,
, pi pi, , -pipi, .., pi ,
, pi , pi ,pi , ,
pi pi -pi , - ,
pi , pi , pi pi pi.
pi , pi pi, pi pi -. pi pi . -, , pi pi- . , pi -. - . , ..., . , pi, pi.., , - , , .., -pi pi . pi, - pi pi pi pi pi- pi. , pipi pi pi pi pi .
pi pi , pi
pi pi -pi pi pi pi - pi . pi- pipi -
, , pi pi- pi -. pi pi pi, pi, -, pi .
pi: pi pi
pi pi, pi pi pi - , pi :
pi , -pi pi pi.
pi, pi pi pi pi pi - pi pi, - pi - . pi - pi pi , pipi .
pi pi pi, pi pi - pi -, pi.. pi -pi.
pi pi -, pi pi pi / -.
pi, -pi pi pi pi - , pi , -, .
pi, pi pi .
35
Mo .
-
pi
pi pi 3,7 . , pi pi - pi . pi - pi, pi pi- pi - , pi- pi-
, pi. (, ) pi . - pi pi pi pi pi pi. pi pi, pi, pi, pi.., , pi- pi, pi pi .
pi: pi pi pi , pi-
, , , , pi-, . -, pi pi pi- .
pi pi - wetland ( pi)1. pi - pi pi pi , pi pi , , . pi pi- pi pi , pi pi . -, pi, pi- pi, pi pi-, pi - .
, pipi 400 -pi, pi pi - . pi pi-pi 1,5% . , 3% . pi pi- pi pi- pi. pi , 1920 , pi- pi. , pi - pi pipi pi . , - pipi pi.
pi
pi pi - . pi , pipi 70%pi , pi -. , pi -pi. pi 60%, -pi pi . , pi - pi .
pi pi , pi , pi pi pi. pi pi pi- pi. pi, -, pi pi 150 -, pi- 2.400 , pi -pi 200 , pi- 2.000 pipi8.000 . M pi. pi 11 pi .
1. pi , pi pi pi pi pi (1971, , ). pi - 191 1974. , , , pi pi -pi .
36II.2
.
-
, . pi -pi , pi pi pi. pi , pi pi, pi , . pi , -pi 140-150 - , pi pi - , pi - . , - pi pi pi pi pi .
-pi pi - .
, 83% pi pi - , 1% , 13% 3% pi. - pi.
, pi
pi pi , pi pi pi. pi pi pi pi, pi pi , , pi . pi pi pi, - pi . pi,pi pi, pi pi .
, , pi pi - . pi . . pi, , , pi (pi , pi, pi pi, ..).
pi , , pi pi pi, - , pi -, .
, .. (pi.) 1990. -
pi: -pi, WWF - IUCN, , 17-21 pi 1989.
, . 1998. , pi, - . pi 1.: ....
, . 1993. . 13(4), 67-81.
, 2004. , pi pi . pi . .
, . 1990. pi . , IUCN,.
Lacoste, Y. 2006. : . - pi Larousse pi .
Pearce, F. 1996. Wetlands and Water Resources. MedWet No 5, Tourdu Valat, Arles, France.
UNEP. 2003. Water World: Childrens voices. An educational bookleton water for children.
37
pi:
: 425: 400
pi: 200: 40
, M , -pi.
, , , pi, -pi , water contamination, watermanagement, water pollution, water resourses, water,water cycle, wetlands.
www.eydap.gr (....)www.iah.org/ (International Association of Hydrogeologistssts, TheWorldWide Groundwater Organisation)www.iah-hellas.geol.uoa.gr/home.php?lang=gr ( pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi ----pi )www.ramsar.org/ (The Ramsar Convention on Wetlaetlands)))www.worldwatercouncil.org/ (World Water Councnccil)
-
, pi, , pi-
. -pi, . , pi,, pi pi-. . , , - pi . pi pi- pi pi pi . , pi pi, , pi- pi . , , pi pi pi pipi pi- , , .
, pi.
pi pi
pi - - - pi- pi - , pi - , pi pi. , , . pi- pi pi ,pi pi pi pi.
pi- pi. pi . - - , pi, - -.
pi pi . pi, pi - , , pi - pi .
pi pi pi pi - , pi pi pi .
3. 38II.3
.
-
pi pi pi- pi pi pi - pi pi pi pi pi .
pi pi , pi pi , pi pi , . pi pi - pi pi, pi , pi, , pi, , , , ..
pi pi, pi , - . pi - pi pi pi - (, , ), pi pi pi , pi pi- pi pi.
pi , - pi pi - , pi , pi -pi pi . pi pi- pi pi, . pi -, pi pi, pi - . pi pi pi-, pi .
pi , pi pi -. , pi pi -pi , pi pi -. pi, pi pi, . pi - (pi), pi pi-pi , , pi -pi pi pi pi, pi . , pi, - pi, , pi,, , pipi.
- , pi.pi, pi - pi pi- pi - . pipi pi - .
pi . pi pi pi . - pi pi pi. pipi pi...
pi pi -pi. pi pi - , , , - , pi . pi pipi . pi , - pi pi , , , pi pi .
- pi pi, -, , pi . - pi / pi, -pi -, , , -, .., pi, pi - pi, . pi pi .
. pi . - , - pi, . - , -
39
pi- pipi -.
pi pi, , pi pi pi pi-, pi pi.
pi pi pi pi - pi , pi , pi pipi pi.
ApiAApiAApiApiApiApiApiApiApiApiAAApiAAAAA , ,,,,,,,, , , pi
BB
pi
pi
pi
-
pi
-
pi
-
, , pi , , . pi pipi.
, pi pi, , , , pi . pi -. , , -, , pi , pi-. : ) pi - , pi pi pi , - pi ) - pi pi , pi, - . , pi :
, , pi . pi .
pi, pi- , .
, pH. pi pi - pi, pi , -, . pi - pi.
. , pi pi -
pi, pi pi pi, pi , pi .
pi pi pi , pi, pi , - pi (soil profile).
, pi pi ( ). pi- pi (-), pi pi- , . -pipi pi . . B pi - . C pi- pi, pi pi - pi pi. R - pi.
pipi pi - . pi - pipi - pi.
40II.3
pi pi - pi.
- .
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi
pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi
.pi.
pipipipipipipipipi pipipipipipi
, , ,,,, , ,,,,,, pipi
pi
pipi pi .pipi pi . pi
-
pi , pi -
pi pi-, pi , pi pi,pi , pi pi. pi, pi pi - pi . pi pi , - pi pi, pi - pi , pipi, pi- pi . pi - . , , pi
pi pi . pi- pi, pi pi, - pi pi. pipi pi pi - pi pi-. pi, pi- pi . , pi- , pi , -pi pi , pi pi . pi - pi pi , pi, ..
: , pi- , , , ,
pi pi pi, - . pi pi- pi , pi pi pi - pi.
, , , , -pi , pipi pi pi pi .pi pi, pi pi- . pi .
pi pipi - pi - pi pipi-, pi : ) pi pipi pi, ) pipipi -pi ) - .
41
.
pi o.
O - O
A - O
EE - pi
-
C -
R - pi
-
pi , pipi pi pi -
pi pi pi pi. pipi , - pi pi pi-pi pi pi.
pi pi - pi (pi , , ), - , pi, - , - pi 1958 pi pi .
pi pi - ( pi, pi), pi-pi , -, pi pi pi. pi pi , pi pi . -, pi pi- pi . pi , pi pi, .
, 38.000 - , pi - pi, pi pi- pi - . pi, pi- pi pi , pi . pi , -pi 40 , pi pi -pi .
pi pi pi
pi, pi . - pi. pi , pi , pipi pi . -, , pi, - pi, pi- , pi , .., -pi .
pi pi pi , pi, pi, , pipi, - pi , pi-, . pi pipi pi , , pi-
, , , pi- .
-
, pi, pi .
- . -pi pi , pi - pi , pi, pi -, pi pi pi. - pi pi pi .
- pi pi- . pi, - pi pi pi, , , - pi , pi -.
pi . pi pi - pipi, pi, -pi, pi pi.
pipi pi pi-
, - , pi pi. pi , - pi pi pi - 10%. pi pi pi.
pi pi pi- . , , -pi, , pi pi- pi.
II.342
(E).
-
pi pi pi - , pi, pi pipi. -pi, pi pi, pi , pi pi - .
, 40% pi pi- pi. , , , , pi , pi 10% , -pi pi.
pi pi pi , , pi- pi pi . pi pi , pi pi - pi , pi , pi pi pi .
pi pi pi -
pi, pi pi , -pi pi , pi pi pi . pi , , pi pi -, , , pi -. pi pi . - pi pipi pi . pi pi pipi -. , pi pi , pi . - pi pi .
pipi pi- pi pi pi -. , pi , pi pi- .
, . 2000.pi. pi
. : ., . 2005. . .
: pi ., . & , . 2003. . 3 . -
: pi. - , ., , ., , . & pi,
. 1997. . pi -, , .
, . & pi, . 2005. - -. : pi.
pi, . 2004. - pi . : .
, . & , . 2006. pi pi .: .
Miller, G. T. 1991. Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth. Bel-mont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
43
pi pi .
pi pi pi pipi - , pi- . pi, pi, , pi . pi , pi- , , pi . - pipi pi pi- pi -.
, , pi, pi-, pi, , , -pi, , pi, desertification, geodi -versity, geological heritage, geoparks, geosites, soil ero -sion, compost, soil profile.
www.auth.gr/agro/ (pi ...)www.efita.net (European Federation for Information Ton Technololololololollollllologogogogogogogogogogogooogggogogoggogogogoogo yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyin Agriculture, Food and the Environment)www.fao.org (Food and Agriculture Organizatzation)www.geol.uoa.gr/ ( pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi ....)www.igme.gr ( ---------------------)www.soils.org (Soil science society y oof AAAmememememememmemememememeeemememmemmemmmemememeeememmmememmeemmmemmmm riririiririririrririririrrrirrrrrrrrriririir caccaccacacacaccacacaacccacaccaacaa))))))www.soilsci.com (Soil science)
-
pi pi . pi pi , , , pi . pi. pipi pi . pi .
E pi . pi , , pi pi pi pi pi pi- . , pi pi pipi 25,5% pi . 66% pi . pi pi , , , .pi., pi 23,9% -. - 65,13 , pi 49,4% -pi .
, pi - . , -, pi, , .. , pi, pi -, pi, ..
pi pi , pi, -
pi pi - . -pi . pi, , -, . pi pi pi pi pi pi pi-.
pi pi, pi pi-
pi pi , pi . , , pi . pi- pi, pi pi pi pi , pi- pi pi-.
pi pi , pi -, pi . pi pi- pi . , pi pi 4C. pi pipi 400 kg .
pi . pi pi pi pipi-
, pi pi, , - , pi -pi .
, pi :
4. 44II.4
-
pi-
, pi , pi pi-pi pi pi. , pi , pi pi. - (,pi, , ..) pi
pi, . pi- pi, pi- -.
- - . - - . pi-pi pi-, pi- pi- .
pi pi pi
pi . pi pi -, pi pi, , , , ..
, ,
. pi
pi . , pi- , pi pi - . , (- pi), . , pi pi (pi -), pi , .. pi pi- pi pipi.
pi pi 800 ., pi -
pi , pi pi, , pi, pi . pi pi, -, , - pi. pi -, , , pi , pi pi, 1.100 . pi - pi 1.700 pi, - , pi- , pi , - pi. - , 800 700 .
pi pi -pi pi pi-
pi -. pi : ) pipi pi , , -
45
.
pi .
.
-
pi . pi, - , pi, -, . - pi - -. , pi pi -. ) , pi pi pi- , pi , -pi 700 . 1.700 . , pi - . ) . ) - pi , pi pi - pi.
pipi pi -
. pi - , , pi -pi pi pi pi . , - pi . pipi pi . pi pi - , pi, ,
.., pi pi pi.
pi -
, , pi pi , pi -, , .. pi, pi - pi pipi, pi .
, pi pi pi- 20 . pi pipi . - , pi, pi pi pi - pi pi pi pi pi. , - pi pi pi -pi . pi -, pi pi , pi .
, pi, -pi
, pi pi- pi pi, :
pi. pi -
. pi pi, pi , pi pi , pi, pipi,, pi, .. pi, pi, pi pi. pi- pi 175 - pi.
46II.4
pi .
pi pi .
-
pi, pi, pipi , pi , , , , , , .pi.
, .
pi pipi 400 kg pi, , 400 kg pipi -. pi , pi pi - pipi -pi .
pi pi.
pi pi- pi pi,pi , pi -, , .pi. pi pi- pi 3.200 kg pi - (). pi- 19,3 kg .
pi pi. pi pi -
. , - . , pi pi pi 10 -pi. pi, , -, pi 6%, - pi pi .
. pi pi, pi
pipi 150 , .
pi pi , 12-15% , pi pi-pi pipi .
. pi pi 30
., 5-6 db. pi 100 ., pi - 30 db.
, pipi .
pi 3 - 50% , pi pi , pipi 10-20%, pipi - pi. pi , - pi pi, - , pi-.
, .
pi 40-50% . , pi 24%.
pi - pi .
pi , pi pi -pi pi . , pi pi. , pi- pi pi pi - pi pi. , pi , .
, pi , .
pi pi ,pi, pi pi pi-. , pi pi . pi , pi pi pi 250-450 kg - - .
47
-
pi .
pi pi pi. pi - pi - pi pipi pi-. pi , pi pi pi, pi pi , pipi.
pi pi : pi, pi-, pi, pi
pi pi pi -pi . pi pi . , 45.000 - pipi pi pi. pi- pi , pi -pi, . pi, pi -, pi, . pipi pi. pi -, , - , pi- , pi -, pipi- pi pi.
pi - . pi pi- pi .
, pi, pi pi pi- (pi pi 10 ), pi pi , pi . , -pi , pi pi pi pi , pi .
pi - pi pi pi ,pi . pi pi pi pi -. , , -pi pi pi -. pi . pi -pi , pi- .
pi pi pi , pi-, pi pi -. , pi , .
pi pi, pi, pi- , , pi pi . - 2007, pi- 6.000 -, 2,69 , 74 -pi . pi 100.000 pi - , pi , , , , .
, pi pipi pi 24 , pi pipi pi- , - , pi -pi (, , .pi.).
48II.4
(2007), . (2007)
pi pi: pi .
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi pi (, - pi pi).
pi . pi .
pi pi pi .
-
pi pi ..
o pi pi , , , pi- . pi, pi, - . - :
pi pipi pi pi pi - .
pi pi pi - pi .
pi .
pi pi pi pi , pi . , pipi pi -: pipi pi pi ( ) pipi pi pi ( ); pi pipi, pi pipi ;
pi . pipi pi , pipi pi pi pipi pi.
pi - pi, pi . , pi
pi . , , pipi pi . - , pi , pi pi , pi pi 50%. pipi pi - pi .
pi - pipi pi:
pi, pi pipi -pi, - .
pi pi pi , .
- pi pi - ,pi pipi pi -pi .
, - pi pi- .
pi pi pi - pi, pipi - pi.
pi, . 1998. . . : -
, pi .pi, . 2001. . . -
: , pi - .
, ., 2004. . pi pi .
, . 1983. pi pi-. .
, . 1986. . : . pi.
, . 2003. . . : .... - .....
49
pi %
.
1. 3.297.620 13,1
2. pi 4.757.770 18,9
3. 1.370.470 5,5
4. pi 237.870 0,9
9.663.730 38,4
.
5. 7.475.490 29,8
6. 2.190.700 8,7
7. pi 1.017.650 4,1
8. 4.776.610 19,0
15.460.450 61,6
25.124.180 100,0
, pi ,
pi, , ,,,,,,,,,, , , , , ,,,,,,, fofofofofofoffffofofofofofoffofofofoffffofofffffoffffffffofffoof reeeeeeeeeeeerereeeeeeeeeeereeereererereeeereereeeeeeeeeestststststststststststststststststststststststststssstststtststtsttttsttsssstts ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,forest fires, greek forests.
www.europa.eu/index_el.htmm (Eurrropoopopopopopopopopopoopopopoopoopppopopopopopppoopopppopoppopoppoppopopopopoppopoppopoppoppopoppppa,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,aa,a,a,aa,a,aaaaaaaa,a,aaaaa,aaaaaa,aaa,aa pipipipipipipi -------------pi )www.fri.gr ( ))))))))))))))))www.minagric.gr (pi pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi &&& & & & ))))))
-
pi pi pi (Biodiversity) - (Biological Diversity). pi 12 - pi. pi -pi 1: - / pi pi - , , pi pi . pi pi , .
pi, pi pi , - . , pipi pi pi pi pi, pipi . pi pi - pi - . , pi, - pi. pi, . pi , . , pi, pi pi , pi . - pi., pi, .
pi pi . -
, , , pipi pi- pi . - pi. pi, pi - .
pi pi pi pi -
5. Bpi 50II.5
1. ( , 1992): pi, pi pi pi pi 150 - pi , pi pi CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity).
-
. pi - . pi, - . pi pi - , pi pi , . , pi pi pi pi pi pi. pi, - , -. pi pi pi- pi pi, pi .
pi pi 4,6
. pi pi pi- . , - pi pi pi , - pi , pi pi .
pi pi , . pi , pi pi pipi-
. pi pi , pi- pi - pi pi. pi , pi pi- . , pi pi-
, pi pi . pi
- pi - . pi pi- . - pi pi . pi , pi-, pi, , pi, - pi -, . pi pipi pi pi - pi pi- pi pi- pi - .
pi pi pi pi pi .
( ), ( ) -. pi -
. , pi, pi , pi pi - pi.
pi pi pi pi- pi pi -
pi - , . pi, pipi , pi, - pi, pH. pi pi pi pi- pi pi -pi pi pi- pi -, pi pipi pi -
pi . pi pi pi -
pi pi pi - - . . pipi- ( ), pi
- . -, pi, - -, -
51
pipi pi
4 / pi
3 / pi
2 / pi
1 /o pi
pi
pi
pipi
pipipi
pipi
pi pi
pipi pi
pi
. pi - . pi
pipi 52.000 .
-
pi pipi. , -, pi pi - pipi. pi -pi , pi . pi.
pi, pi, pi - pi - pi pi pi - pi pi . pi, , pi pi pi. pi - pi pi pi-. , - .
pi pi, pipi 1,75
. , pi pi , pi . pi, , pi , pi, pi.., , pi 0,5 -. pi, - . -pi 13,5 .
pi pi (Kingdoms), . - pi pi-pi pi pi. -, (Domains): ) Eukaryota (- ), ) Bacteria (), )Archaea ().
, , pi, pi, pi
. pi - , pi pi , - pi , pipi . - . pi, pi pi -pi pipi -, pi .
- pi pi pi , pi pi pi pi . pi , pi-, pi pi , , pi pi . , pi pi, - pi . pi -pi pi pi pi, . pi - pi pi pi- , pi-.
pi pi pi pi. pi pi ( ) pi .
pi pi-. , pi pi,
52II.5
pi, Eukaryota,Bacteria, Archaea.
E
pipi
pi pi
-
pi -, pi pi pi pi . pipi - pi, pi., pi pi , - , , , pi pi pi- pi - .
pi pipi 5.700 pi pi. pi , 18% (pi 1.000 ) . pi ,pi, pi pi pi 1.170 pi, pi pi . pi pi. - 4.400 pi, 30.000 50.000 . , pi pipi pi -.
pi , -, pi pi
pi pi , -, . pi-pi pi ( ) -. pi pi , -, pipi pi . - pi , pi .
pi pi pi . , pi - . , , - . 5 - pi. pi pi-, pipi 99% pi
pi . , pi- pi. -pi . pi, -, pi pi - pi. pi pi pi.
pi -pi -pi -
53
pi . - pi pi - pi pi.
pi pi - pi pi . pi - pi , - - pi pi . - pi pi - , pi pi pi .
O pi 4,6 -O 4 6 .
pi pi:
pi - .
pi , . pi , - pi -pi pi ., pi pi, , ..
pi (pi.. -).
/ ( / pi ) pi , pi , -, ..
pi pi , pi..pi.
- ---.
pi pi ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,pi pi ---------- .
.
-
pi -. pi pi pi pi pipi .
, pi pi -pi pi, pi , , pi pi .
pi pi pi-, pipi pi , -, pi pi. pi pi pi , pi , pi pi .
pi, pi . pi pi pi, -, . pi - pipi , pi pi pi -.
pi , pi pi . (Aquilaheliaca), (a Caretta caretta), a (Monachus monachus), pi (s Aegypius mo -nachus), (s Ursus arctos), (s Canisaureus), (s Capra aegagrus cretica), aa Mpipi (Achillea barbeyana), pi-aa (Paeonia parnassica), aapi (Cephalanthera cuculata), aa (Soldanella pelia), pi .aa
54II.5
.
pi .
pi pi pi - pi . - , pi :
pi -pi pi, , -pi pi pi -pi pi, , , pi- pi.
pi .
pi. . pi pi. pi . pi . .
-
55 pi pi
pi, pi pi .
pi: , pi pi.
. pi pi, pi- pi, pipi - pi pi.
pi pi, , -pi.
(CBD) - pi pi pipi, pi- , pi pi.
pi, - .
pi - pi pi, pi .
, :
, 1992 pi pi, 1991 , pi pi, 1979
, pi , 1979
, , 1976 , , 1974 , pi,
1971
pi - 79/409 (1979) pi - 92/43 (1992) -pi, pi. pi pi pi , NATURA 2000. pi pi pi 1/6 pi pi. , pipi 260 pi pi -. pi pipi 22% pi. pi pi - pi pi pi.
pi. pi. pi-
. .
National Geographic, 1999, pi.
( pi)., . & , . 1996. pi pi-
pi pi pi pi. . : .
, . . & , . . (pi.). 2005. pi - . 2000, pi pi , .
Gaston, J.K. & Spicer I.J. (eds). 2002. pi. .pi pi , . ,. : University Studio Press.
Knoll, H. A. 2003. Life on a Young Planet: the first three billion yearsof evolution on Earth. Princeton, N. Jersey: Princeton UniversityPress.
pi, , , ,,,,,,, pi, biodiveriversity,y,y,y,y,y,y,y,y,y,,yy,y,,,y, CCCCCCCCC C CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCooooooononononooooonoooooooooooono veveveveeeentntntntntntntntnttntttioioioooioiooioiooooiooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnon Biological Diversity (CBD), endememic ssssssssspepepepepepepepepepepepepepepepeepepepepepeppeppepepepppppeep ccciciciciciciicciciciiccc esesesesesesesesesesesesesssssss, , , , , ,,, NANANANANANANANAANAANANANANNNANANANANAATUTUTUTUTUTUTUTUTTUTTTUUTUTUUTUTUTUUTUUUTTTUTUTUUTUURARARARARARARARAARARARARAARARAARAAAARRARRRRAAARAAAAARAAAAAAAAAAARAAA2000, species, species extinctionon.
www.biodiversity.uoguelph.caca (Biooioooooooooooooooooooooooooooodididididiiiiiiiveveveveveveveveveevvevveeevevevvvevevevvevevevvevevvvevevevversrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrssrsrrsrrsititititititititttttty y yyyy yyy yy y y yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyy IIIInInnnIInnIIInnnnnnInnnIInInnIIn tststtststttstststststststststtststititittititititttitiii uuuututututuuuutuuuuuuuuuuu eeeeeeeeeeeee e ee e eeeeee ofofofofofofofofofofofofofoffofofofoofoofofofoffffff OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOntntntntntnntntntnttntnttntnntntntnttntnntn ararararaararrrarararrarrrarararrarrarrrrarrioioioioioioioioioioioioiioioiiooooioiooiioiioioiiioioiooio,,,,,,,at the University of Guelph)www.cbd.int (Convention on Bioooooooooooooooooooooolololololollloogigigiigigigiigigicacacaccacaaacacaacaaacacacaaacaaaacacaaacacaaac l l l l l lll lllllllllllllllllllllllll BBBBiBiBiBiBiBBBiBBBBBBiBiBiBiBBiBiBiBBBBiBBBB odoooodododdddddodoodooododdooddoododiivivivvivivivvivvivvivivvivvvivvivvivvvererererererrerereerrerrrrreererrerree sisisisisisisisisiisississ ttyttytytytyytytytttytytyytyytttytytyttyytyyytyyyytyyyyyyy))))))))))))))))))))))))))))www.environment.gov.au (AAAuuususussssuususssuuuuu trtrtrralalalalaliaiaiiaaaaaaiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ggggggggggggg g govovovovovovovovovovovovoovvovovvvvvovvererererererrereeereeeereeeereeeeeeeeeeeee nnnmnmnmnmnmmmmnnmmnmnmnmnmnmmmnn eeeenenenenneneneneneneneennennnennnnnt,tt,ttttttttttt,t,t,ttttt,t,tt,tt d d dd dd d d d ddddd ddddddddddddddddddd deeeepepepepeeeeeeepepeeppepeepepepeeeeee arararararrarartmtmtmmmmmmtmtmtmmtmmmmeneneeneneneneneneneneneneeennenennneeennnnnnee tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttof the Environment, Water, HHeeeeeerrrereeeeeereeeeee itititittttagagagagaggagagaggagaage e e e e aanaanananaanaanannannnnnaaanaanannanaaaaannannnana d d ddddd dddd ddddddd ththththhhhhhhhhhhthhthhtht eee e e e eeeeee e ee e ararararararrrarararararrraaaartststtssttssstssssstssssttssssts)))))))))))))))))
K (Pancratium maritimum) pi pi .
-
pi pi pi pi . -, pi pi pi, pi pi, pi pi-pi, pi . pi pi , - pi -. , pi, , ,..
-.
pi , , , pi-. pi, , pi -.
pi (...)pi pi. -pi . pi, pi . , , , , -, pi , pi, pi.. pi, . pi pi - pi. pi pi pi- . -pi pi.
2001/77/EC, 20,1% pi pi 2010. - pipi 3.000 MW pi -.
pi pi pi pi pi pi
pi pi pi-.
pi, , pi pi pi pi - pi.
pi, , pi pi pi , pi, pi.., - pi. pi pi - pi pi - pi pi pi. pi pi, pi pi, -, , , pi -.
6. 56II.6
-
pi (, , , .pi.) -
pi . pi 68% pi pi 85% -pi pi pi -, , - .
, pi - pi - - - - - , pi pi. - pi pi pi. pi- , pi -pi pi pi pi 45 .
pi pi pi pi pi. - pi. pi, pi -pi pi , -pi, , pi, .. pi pi-. - (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries-OPEC) 2/3 pi pi 40% pi pi pi. pi pi pi - , OPEC pi pi pi pi. ... 3% pio pi pi, -pi 30% pi pi.
pi 90% - pi pi pi -: ..., , , -. pipi pi. , , ... -
, pi- pi pi.
, 20% pi pi -pi 75% pi pi.
pi pipi , .
pi pi pi pi pi
, pi pi -. - pi pi pi.
, pi -pi pi, . , . - , pi , pi .
, pi-, pi , pipi pi- .
, - pi , , pi pi- pi pi pi - .
pi pi pi, pi-
pi pi. , pi
pi pi pipi , - - pi pi. -pi, pi pi pi pi pipi .
pi -pi pi . -, pi . pi - pipi 1/6 pipi pi-. , pi, , pi pi pi - pi , pipi .
pi pi. - pi pi - pi - . -, , - -.
57
pi pi Mpi.
-
II.6
pi pi pi pi -
pi pi , - - pi. pi, pi - , pi, pi, pi-pi pi.
, pi-
pi pi pi pi pipi .
, pi - (,pi ), pi , , pi . , pi, pi , pi. pi pi- .
-pi pi pi pi-. , pi, pi - -. (-, ..) . , , -, pi - pi .
pi pi . , , pi - pipi .
pi pi pi .
pi, pi -
pi pi, , - pi .
pi pi - pi pi- pi . pi pi- . pi pipi pi- pipi.
pi pipi pi . , pi pi . , pi pi- .
pi, , . - pi . pi - pi pi , -pi pi- . pi -pi - pi. -, ,pi, pi , pi , -, pi, - -.
pi (EWEA), 2007, - pi pi
... pi.
pi.
58
pi .
-
59 27 18% 2006 56.535 MW. , 2007, - 871 MW, pi 14,3%.
pi pi-
. pi pi . - pi pi pi , , pi pi pi , pi pi . -, pi pi pi . pipi- pi - pi 150 C, pi pi . - , -pi , pi, -, .. , pi pi - . pi pi- .
pi pi - pi pi , - . pi- pi pi pi - pi pi pi-. pi -pi pi, pi , pi pi, - .
, pi pi (, , ) - (, ).
pi pi -
pi pi pi pi. pi - pi ( ).
pi pi pi pi-, pi... pi , pi pipi 90% pi pi ...
pi pi pi, pi - , pi, pi - , pi pi,pipi pi, -, , pi pi- , ..
pi pi - :
pipi .
pi. -, pi , pi , , -, pi, .
: pi pi.
pi pi -.
. pi pi pi .
, - , pipi, pi , , -, pi, pipi pipi pi , pi pi, .. pi pi - pi pipi pi. pi, , pi pi , - . - pi pi pi -, pi, pi.., , , pi, pi.., - , pi pi -
-
pi, pi .
: /
pi , -. , pi . pi, pi -, pi, , pi- . , pi pi - pi , pi, pi pipi CO2, SO2 NOx.
, ....., pipi 35% - pipi pi pi 40% pi -pipi .
, , pi pi pi. -pi pi pipi pi - pi, - pi pi pi - pi. pi pi pi- , , pi pipi.
pipi pi: pi . -, pi, pi pi, ... -, , pi -.
pi. pi-, pi pi- pi . pi pi. pi , pipi-, pi pi pi-.
, - pi pi. - pi- pi .
: pi pi-
pi, pi pi pi pi pi , pi- , pi pi - pi .
pi pi - pi , -
II.66060
, , pi , 400 pipi .
B .
, - pi -.
, pi (,, , , , , .pi.) pi (, ,, , ..) - , pi pi- pi- . , -pi 400 pipi - . - pi pi -pi . , - pi pi - .
-
pi, pi . pi pi- pi, pi pi pi- . pi pi- pi pi . pi , - , pi pi pipi.
2007, pi pi pi -pi 16% pi -. pi 27 , pi152 pi , , ,, . pi 30% pi pipi pi . pi 70 - pi pi - (....) pi pi pi pi -. pi , , , pi .
- : pi pi - pi pi pi-;
pi pi :
pi pi pi . pi pi , pi -pi .
pi pi - . , pi pi pi.
pi pi pi - pi.
pi pi -, pi pi- pi -.
pi , , pipi . pi.
pi pi
. - pi . pipi pi. pi . pi pi - pi pi pi pi.
pi pipi
pi pi pi pi pi , pi , , pi -pi pi - pi -.
pi pipi , pi, ,pi pipi : pi , pi , pi -,
pi pi -,
pi, - pi ,
pi pi - ,
pi pi,
pi .
, . 2007. pi 21 . Energy point,
10, .pi, . 1994. pi. : Green-
peace..... 1996. pi . . - , ., , ., , . & pi,
. 1997. . pi -, , .
, . 1986. . : .Miller, G. T. 1991. Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth. Bel-
mont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
61
, pi, pi - (...), , , -, , , , pi , pi,pi , , pi, biofuels, biogas, bioclimatic architecture, coal, geothermalenergy, natural gas, natural resource, nuclear power,petroleum, renewable energy resources, solar energy,wind farm, wind power.
www.cres.gr/kape/energeia ( ------------------------, ....)www.europeanenergyforum (The EuEuropopeaeaaaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaaaaeaaeaaaeee n n nn n n nn EnEnEnEnEEEnEEnEnnererererrrreerrrgygygygygygygygygygyygygyygyygyy FFFFFFFFFF FFFF FFFFFFFFFFFououououuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunndddndndndndddndndnddnddndndndndatatatatatatatataattttioioioioioioioioioioioi n,n,n,nn,n,,nEEF)www.iea.org (International Eneergy AgAgAggAgggggggggAgAgAgAgAggAgAggAgAgAAAgAggAAggeneneneneneeneeeeeeneee cccycyccycycycycyccyycyyccyyyy, , IEIEIEIEIEAAAAA)A)AA)A)AAAAA)A)A)AAAA)A))A)A)))))), ,, , ,www.opec.org (The Organizatation ofofffffffffffffffffff PP PP P PPPPPPPPeteetetetettetttrorororororororoooororororrooleleleleleellelelellelelelelel umumumumummmmmmmmmummmmmmmmmmmum EE E E EEEEEExxxpxpxpxpxpxxxporororororrrrrrorrtititttittitittingngngngngng C CCC C CCCCCouououououououoouooouun-n---n--ntries, OPEC)www.world-nuclear.org (Woorldd NNNNN NNNNNNNNNNucucucucuccccucccucccuccuccu leleleleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeel arararararararrarararararrrararrarararararrrrar AAAAAAAA AAA A AA A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssocoocccccooccocccccccccoccocccccco iaiaiaiaaiiaiiaiiaiiatititititititititiiononononononnnnn)))))))
-
pi pi , pi pi pi -
, pi pi - . pi pi pi. - pi pi: - pi pi, pi pi pi , pi ,pi, pi. pi, pi ,pi , , pi pi pi-.
pi - pi , , pi, , pi .
pi, , , pi
pi pi pi -pi pi. pi -, , pi, pi . pi pi . , , , - pi.
pi pi , -, , pi , pipi pi pi pi. pi - pi pi pi pi pi. pi pipi pi 2006/12/. pi pi -, , - pi, pi (...., ....). ,pi, pi , -pi, pi, pi.., pi, pi-.
pi pi. 91/271/- pi : 1. ,
7. pi pi62II.7
T pi , pi pi .
pi
A /
/ pi
-
- . 2. , pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi -.
pi pi (..) - , pi.. , - , , , , , -, pi -pi . pi pi -, , pi pi -pi. , , ., , pi ,pi , , pi ,pi, , pi,.. pi pi. - pi, pi pi. pi , ,, , pi-, pi pi -, pi, pi pi , -, , .. pi pi (...13588/725/2006) , pi - pi pi 91/689/ pi pi- pi -pi pi. pi, -pi pi - pi -.
pi pi - . pi pi-pi , - pi. pi pi, , - pi pi pipi. pi pi-, pi, pi, pipi - pi , , .
pi pi, pi , pi . pi pi- pi pi -pipi , -pipi pi- pi. pi -pi pi, pi pi pi- , pi pi. pi pi, pi pi - pi -.
, pipi 4,6
pi pi . pi, pi 39% pi pi 16%. pi- 1997 0,97 kg//. 2001, 1,14 Kg// pi . pi pi pi pi, pi - pi pi - (46%), (19%), pi (9%), (5%) (5%).
, , pi - pi (....) pi. -, pi pi pi pi. ....., 2000 pi 1.420 - , pi 65% pi pi pi, 3.430 pi- pi.
, , - - pi-
63
pi pipi pi: pi pi pi pi-
, pi pi pi -,
pi , pi pi, pi, pipi pi, pi pi , pi -pi pi.
M pi pi
46%
19%
16%5%%5%
9%
X
-
. 2006 pi pi pi pi6.000 pipi , pi.
pi, pi.. , - pi pi. , - , -pipi. , , pi - .... pi.
pi, pi-pi pi pi . , pi pipi pi .
pi pi pi pi -
, pi - pi, - (..).
pi,pi.. , , -, pi pi, pi pi- . , pi -pi. pi pipi - . pi , pi pipi pi pi, -pi pi pi . ,pi, pi pi pi-, , -pi , pi pi - pi pi. , pi - pi pi .
pi - , pi pi pi pi. , pi pi, pi, pi pi.
pi pi - pi - . pi pi- pi pi - pi - . , , - pi pi pi. pi pi, , pi pi pi . pi, pi , pi pi-pi .
pipi, pi pi pi pi-pi. pi - .
pi pi -
pi pi pi pipi . - pi - pi. pi - pi pi - , pi pi- pi pi- . , pi .
pi pi pi pi pi pi. pi
64II.7
.. (pi) pi (). , ,pi pi pi , , pi-pi, pi pi . -pi .
-
pi, , , , pi pi, , pi-, pi -.
pi - - , pi pi -pi , - , pi -. pi .., pi pi , pi .
pi pi pi200.000 , pi pi .
pi pi . pi, , pi pi , , pi pi- , pi pi- pi pi-. pi , pi pi pi pi . pi, pi-, pi, pi, pi pi, ..
pi pi
pi - pi -. , pi pi pi pi - pi. - .
pi pi pi pi pi pi - pi pi pi - pi. pipi , pi pi , pi- pi, pi pi- pi, pi-. , pi pi. , pipi, pipi pi .
pi . , pipi 20%
pi . -, pi 30% -. , pi - pi pi, pi- pipi 17 -, 50% -
65
pi (pi) () pi pi- .
pi. pi , - pi pi pipi.
pipi (pi.. - pi) pi -pi.
pi pi. pi pi.
-
pi. pi 2,5 CO2 . - pi pi , - , pi , ..
. 5% pipi pi . 20% pipi . ,, pi . - pi, , pi, pi, -.
. , pi pi. pi . - pi pi pi . , 5% pi . , -, . ,
pi , pipi 100 . , , - pipi 3 . - pi pi pi pi 17.000 68.000 pi -.
. pi pi pi pi- , pipi pi . pi, pi pi , pi pi- 250 . pi pi pi pipi300 . pi 2008, - pi- pi pi pi. pi pi , pi, , -, ..
66II.7
pi.
pi.
pi- pi, pi - pi (pipi-, pipi), pi pi pi- pi .
pi .
pipi pi , (, ) pi pi - pi . , - , pi pi, pi, . pipi - pi, pi, pi ,pi pi pi, -, , , .. pi-, pi pi pi -pi pi .
pi , pi , pi pi.
-
pi. pi pi pi pi - 400 !
pi. pi pi pi 15-30% pi . pi- pi pi. -pi, pi, pi, pi- .pi. pipi, - pi .
. pi pi pi. , pipi pipi, pi pi. pi pi pi- pi pi pi pi.
, pi, , - pi.
, - 10% pi.
pi pi pi pi pi pipi, pipi pi - pi pi. pi-
, pi pi , pi-.
, , pi pi ( , ). , pi pi, , - .
pipi, pi pi- pi, pi pi- . pi , pi, pi-pi , pi pi, pi. pi - , , , pi, , pi, -, , ..
pi pi - pi pi . .
, .. 2003. pi. -
, pi -.
, . 2005. pi pi. -pi-. : .
, . 2006. pi, .pi, . 2002.
pi. : ., . 2003. pi. : -
, ., -, ., pi-, . &, . 2003. , ,pi .
, . 1990. pi pi. . ... .
, .. 1985. pi. -: pi.
, . 1986. pi. : .Bitton, G. 1999. Wastewater microbiology. New York: Wiley-Liss.yyMiller, G. T. 1991. Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth. Bel-
mont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
67
pi:
, , , pi,pi . , pi, - pi.
pi pi - .
pi pi (pi..).
pi , pi - pi.
pi pi,pi , pi pi pi pi. pi - .
pi pi pi pipi.
pi - pi.
pi ...., ...., - .
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi -.
pi pi pi pi- .
, pi, pi, , - pi, compost, natural resource, recycling,sanitary fields, waste.
www.ecorec.gr ))( ) ))))))))www.eedsa.gr/ pi- ( )www.etra-eu.org/ (The European Tyre R atRRRRRRRRRRRececececccccce ycycycyycyycycyyyycyclililililll ngngngngg A ssssssssssssssssssssssococococcccccciaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaaiaiaaaiai ttitititttitittttionoonononoonnnn))))))
-
, , -pi pi . pi pi .
pi pi pi , o pi -pi pipi , pi pi. pi pi, .
pi pi pipi pi pi . , -pi ( , ..), pi pi pi pi. pi- pi , pi.
pi : , pi, pi pi pi
pi , , , - pi, pi pi -pi pi, pi pi pi . pi- pi (/ ), pi pi- . pi pi- pi, pi pi, , pi, , , ..
pi - pi pi pi . pi pi , pi, pi.
pi pi pi pi -, , pi , pi pi pi . pi pipi pi , - pi pi , pi, pi- , , - pi, ..
pi , pipi pi pi pi -. , - pi pi , pi- pi pi pi, pi, ..
, pi pi -. pipi pi-pi pi pi pipi pi- pi, pi.. pi pi.
, , pipi - pi pi -
8. pi 68II.8
-
pi - . pi, pi pi pi pipi pi pi- pi .
, , -pi pi pipi pi, pi pi pi . pi , pipi - pi, pi pi -pi pipi - pi.
pi pi Yellowstone ...
1872 pi pipi pi- pi pi pipi. pi , pi pi, pi, - pi - , pi pi (pi- /pi pi, pi, - pi, , , pi- pi, .pi.).
pipi pi pi pi, pi pi pi.
pi, , pi pi- pi - pi , pi - pi. pi - pipi pi- pi , pi.
pi pi pi, pi- pi pi , pi - pi pi pi .
, pi pi pi, - pi, 1938 856/37. pi, , pi pi -, pi pi pi-, pi 4273/29, pi .
, pi , -pi pi pi, pi , , pi - , - . -pi , pi, pi -pi .
pi pi -pi 1650/86. pi - pi, pi pi- pi.
pi 1650/86 pi pi- pi 5 - (pi pipi , pi, pi -
69
H -.
E pi.
-
, pi pi pi, pi pi), pi- pi.
, , pi pi - pi : ) pi 79/409 pi, pi
pi pi pi -pi ) -pi 92/43 -pi, pi. pi - pi , Natura2000.
pipi, , pipi pi - pi pi -! pi pi pi , pi -pi.
pi , pi - , pi pi pi pi, pi pi, pi pi pi - .
pi pi
pi, pi-, pi. pi - pi, pi, - . pi , pi, - pi pi, pi pi-, . pi, , : pi pi, , pi,..
pi pi: pi
, pipi 14 % pi- pi pi. , pi , pi pi. pi . , , , pi- , pi pi - , pi .
pi pi pi - pi. , pi pi pi, pi pi, pi pi - pi pi . ,
pi pi- pipi pi. pi, pi pi . pi- pi pi pi -, pi pi pi pi . pi-
70II.8
X pi pi Natu-ra 2000.
pi pi .
-
pi pi - pi pi.
pi pi pi, pi, -
pi pi, pi, , pi pi. - pi pi -, pi pi pi-
. pi pi -, - pi . , , - pi pipi, pi. pi , , -, pi pi pi, -, , pi pi.
71
pi-, - - pipi , pi - pi - . pi pi, pi , , pi pi - , pi pipi pi pi.
pi pi . pi pi- pi pi . : -, , . pi pi-
. pi pi
pi -, -. pi - pi- pi, pi.
pi pi pi pipi pi pi- pi. Epi, - . pi pipi pi pi pi pi pi pi- .
pi.
: , pi-
pi pipi 80% ( ), pi pi pi- pi , , pi- . pi pi - pi, pi - .
pi , - , , pi pi pi - , . pi, pi pi pi , , pi pi . pi, - pipi pi .
pi- (
) pi pi pi- pi . pi pi pi,
, , , pi -
, pi - pi. -------------------------------------pi pi pipi, pi 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 55 5 5555 555 50000000000000%00%00%0%%0%0%00000000%0000000000%00%000% , ... ........... ..
pi, pipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipi ------ , , ------------------
pi
-
: , pi, pi
pi - pi pi - pi pi. pi, , - pipi pi , pi, - - pi. -, pipi pi pi pi .
pi , pipi -: ) pi-, ) pi , ) ) pi pi . pipi - pi pi pi-. pi, pi, pi pi, -
pi pipi -pi, pi .
pi - pi pi, pi - pi pi 400 ., , pi pi pi pi- 17 pi. pi , , , 40% . , pipi 30%.
, pi - pi pi - pi pi 80% pi pi, pi - pi pi -. pipi, , pi - , pi - pi pi. pi pi, pi - pi .
72II.8
. pi pi pi - pi. - pi pi - pi pi -
, pipi, .. , pi, -
pi pi, pi pi pi - , pi - -. . pipi, , pi pi pi-
pi (pi, pi) (), pi pi- .
, pi, pi. pi pi , -
, pi o , pipi. pi - 70. pi, , pi pi pi , -pi .
pi pi pi , pi pi - . pi- , pi pi pi -. , , pi- pi . pi pi pi- pi pi.
, pipi pi pi pi pi pi- , pi , - , pi.. -.
( ) - pi pi pi pi pi pi pi. , -, , pi - , , pi:
pi - pi - ,
pi- ,
pipi pi pi - pi pi, pi.. , ..,
pi pi, - pi.
-
: - pi
- pi pi pi -. pi pi pi . pi pi -pi pi. pi - pipi , pi - pi pi , pi pipi. pi , pi pi pi- pi pi pi -. pipi, -, pi - . pi, pi, pi pi . -
pi, pi, pi - pi pi pi .
, - , pi . pi pi , pi pi pi -, pi , pi . -pi pipi -pi pi pi-.
pi pi pipi, -pi , pi- . pi pi- pi pi , -pi , , pi pi pi . pi, pi, pi, pi -, , .., pi pi . -, , pi- , (pi, - , ..) ( , -, ..).
-, . 1985. , pi
. : University Studio Press,., . 2000. .: Ac-
cess Pre Press.pi, . 1996. pi. : .pi, . 2000. . : -Sys-
tems International SA., . & pi, . 1995. -
pi. : --pi.
Alexander, D. 1993. Natural disasters. London:UCl Press.Simmons, I.G., 1989. Changing the Face of Earth: Culture, Environ-
ment, History. Oxford: Blackwell.
73
, pi / pi, sustainable cities, urbanecosystems.
www.ec.europa.eu/environment/index_el.htm (pi pi -pipi )www.minenv.gr/ (pi , --------- )
( pi-).
-
pi pi- pi
pi - pi pi - , pi pi , pi, pi pi pi pi pi - pi . pi pi ,, pi pi. pi , , , pi, , pi, , pi pi pi - pi.
pi pi , -pi pi:
pi pi pi - .
, pi . pi pi. pi pi pi pi pi.
pi pi pi. , - pi pi .
, pi, pi .
pi pi - . pi pi pi - . . pi- / pi , pi-, pi , pi.
pi pi , pipi pi pi pi, pi .
Epi pi pi -pi pi. pi pipi. - , - -. , pipi pi , pi-. , pi pi pi pi , . pi pi pi pi -pi .
pi - pi:
. pi . pi , . pi , , .
9. pi 74II.9
-
pi pi ,pi pi , pi , .., - pi.
Api pi pipi.
pi pi pi, - pi pi pi, pipi pi.
pi pi pipi -
pi - pi . - , pi, , - pi, pi . - , - , - pi, pi.. pi.
, pi . pi . , pi pi pi -pi pi - . pi, pi- -. pi pi -pi pi pi - pi.
pi pi - pi pi -pi pi (..) pi - . .. - pi. pi pipi pi - . pipi, , pi- , pi- , pi, -pi , pi -. , pi - pi pi pi.
pi pi - pipi
pi 1 pi - pi pi- , - . pi pi pi . pi pi pi, pi pi -pi . pi pi - 5 .
, pi
pi . - , , , pi - pi pi-pi. pi pi pi-, pi.
, pipi 15% pi pi pi pi, pi-pi 15% pi -pi pipi. pi pipi-, pi -. , pi , pi-, pi, .
. - . ,
75
M 330 -, 12 .
9 21 , 0,33 .
-
pi.., pi , pi pi pi pipi. , pi - .
pi pi, pi pi- pi pipi pi pi. pi pi,pi pi, pi pi pi-, pi.
pi - pi pi pi -pi , pi pi pi- .
(1992), pi pi pi- pipi pi- , . pipi pi , , - pi pi pi- . pi pi -pi pi pi.
pi , pi - pi , pi pipi pi . pi- pi , pi-, . - pipi pi pi pi pi.
pi pi , pi 6.5 -
. , 2020 pi 8 60 pi 13 . pi , pi pi. pi pi-.
pi pi . -pi, , 200 . pi pi, pi pi - pi. 2000, - pi, pi pi 47%. pi pi pi pi , pi pi-, , , -. , pi, pi., pi pi pi pi . , pi pi pi pi- pi, pi ,
pipi. pi pi pi-, pi , pipi .
pi pi, pi pi pi-
pi pipi. pi pi . - pi United NationsDevelopment Programme 2003 (PNUD), pi20% pi pi 86% pi- (...). - 20% 1%.
pipi , pi, , , pi, - pi , . pi . pi - .
-, pi, pi.., UNESCO (pi-, pi - - ) - pi pi -, -, -, .. - UNESCO pi pi pi pi -, pi , - pi pi, pi-, pi, pi, pi pi.
76II.9
Xo , pi 6.9 .
-
-: , pi pi.
pi pi-. , pi- pi pi . , - pi pi pi pi pi. -pi, pi pi pi- .
pi pi pi pi pi, - . pi pi, pi- pi . , pi . , -pi pipi . - , pi pi . pi , - , pi . - pipi pi - pi, pi pi.
pi , pi pi , pi . . pi, pi pi pi- - . pipi pipipi . pipi pi , pi pi.
pi -
pi pipi, pi -pi , pi-, pi, pipi, -
, pi ,pi pi.
pi, , , pi, -, , , , , ,, , pi, , pi- pi pi pi, pi, -, , .., pi pi pi . - pi - pi.
, pi, . pi pi, , pi -pi, pi , pi, , - pi. pi pi pi -pi .
, pi, pi pi-, pi pi. pi pi pi- pi - pi . , , , , , pi - , pi, , .., -pi pipi -.
77
.
. -, , , pi, -pi.
pi
pi
pi
pi
-
pi (...) pi pi :
pi - (10 1948).
pi (1965).
, pi (1966).
pi - (1966).
(1979).
pipi pi -pi pi (1984).
pi (1989).
(1990).
pi pi - . ,pi, , pi .pi pi pi, -pi. :
, - .
pi pipi.
pi - pi - pi .
pi , pi.
pi pi -
pi. , pi - , pi pi, pi pi, - , .. pi . pi , pi - . , pi pi pi, - pi, -pi . pi - pi pi pi pi .
(, ,.pi.) , pi, pi pi. pi, - pi. - pi pi pipi pi, - . , pi pi pi . -, , pi pi- pi pi.
pi pi, pi ,
pi . pi , -pipi pi, pi - pi .
pi, . pi- pi pi, , . - pi , , pi , , , , - (Internet). pi pi pi pi , pi , pi .
pi (...) - pi, pi pi-pi pi pi pi . , , -, , , pipi pi pi. pi- pi pi ... , , pi, , pi pi, - pi.
pi , pi,, , , pipi, , pi- pi pi-
78II.9
-
. , pi. pi pi . pi pi- pi, -/pi, pi pi, -, , .. :pi , pi, pipi, pi , -, pi, pi , pi-, pipi pipi , , pi-. pi pi- pi pi pi.
- pi pi pi pi. pi, , pi- pi pi pi , pi, pi pi. pi- , pi pi pi pi pi.
, -pi, pi
pi- pi - . pi - pi pi . , pi pipi pi, pi - . , -pi, pi pi - pi pi.
: (). pi , - . pi (pi).
pi , pipi ().
pi pi pi- pi pi pi (pi).
, - pi, pi (, pi, ).
: pi (pi, pi),
pi - pi - (),
pi pi , (-, pi ).
pi , pi, pi . 2005-2014 pi pi- pi UNESCO .
pi, . 2002. . : Gutenberg, ., . 1996. . : -
., . 2007. pi .
: . pi. pi pi . : .
pipi, . 2004 (pi.). . -pi . : . UNESCO ... pi .
, . 2003. pi- pi. : W.W.F. .
pi-, . 2004. pi. - pi. : pi.
, . 2006. pi pi . -: .
Halstead, J. M. & Taylor, M. J. 1996 (eds.). Values in Education and E-ducation in Values. London: Falmer Press.
PNUD. 2003. Rapport annuel 2003. L experience du dveloppementaux quatre coins du monde. Nairobi.
UNDP. 2003. The United Nations World Water Development Report.Water for People, Water for Life.
79
, pi, ,pi, , pi , , , ... ( -), , ,agricultural revolution, ecotourism, European Union, genderequality, human rights, industrial revolution, internet, livingvalues, minorities, Organization of the United Nations,poverty, sustainable tourism, UNESCO (United NationsEducational Scientific and Cultural Organization).
www.ec.europa.eu/world (European Commissionononononononnonononnonononononononononononnononoo ,, , EuEuEuEuEuEuuEuuuEuurorororororoooooooooppepeppepepepepeeppppepp anananaaaan UUUUU UU----nion in the World) www.fao.org (Food and Agriculture Organaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnininnninnnnnnninnniizzzzazzzazazatititiionononononononnonnnn oo o o ooo oooof fff ththththththtthhthhe ee eee ee UnUnUnUnUnUUnUUnititititittttttedededededeedeeeNations) www.un.org (Organization of the Uniteteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedd d dd ddddd NaNNNNaNaNaNaNNNNaNNNaN titititittiitiitiiiiooooooooonononnnnooonooooo s)s))s))s))www.undp.org/ (United Nations DeDeDeDeDeDeDeDeDeeDeDeDDeDD vvvveveev lololoooooooolooooooolooopmpmpmppmpmpmmmmmpmmpppmppmmpmpmmmmppmppmmp enenenent t t t PrPrPrPrPPrrrogogogoogogogogoggogogoggogogoogogggggggraraaaraarrrrrrrr mmmmmmmmmmmmm )e)e)e))e))e)e)www.unep.org (United Nations Envvvvivvvivivvvvivivviv rrroroorronmnmnmnmmmmmmmmmmmmmnmnmmmmmmmmmmmmmn enenennnenennenennnnnnttt t t tttttttttt PrPPrPrPPPPProgogogogogggraaaaaaammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm e)e)e)e)e)e)e)e)e)ee)e)ee)eeeeeeeeee)eeeee)www.unesco.org (United Nations EEEEEEEdEdEdEdEdEEEEdEdEEEEEEdEEE uucucucattatttattatttioioooooooooooiooiooioioonanananananal l l l lll ScScScScScScScSSScScScScScScScSScSSScScSScSScSScScScieeieieieeientntnttntnnnnttiififiififififiiiffiffiifiiiiiffificicccicicicii a aandndndndndndddnd CCCCCCCC C CC CCCC CC CCCCCCCCCCCCuluullullulu ---tural Organization) www.unicef-irc.org (United Natioooonononononononooooonooo s s ss ChChChChChChhhChChhhhhhhilililililii dededeeddedennnnnn s ssssss FuFuFuFuFuFuuFuFuuFuFFuFuuFuFuuFuFFuundndnndnddddddddnddddddndnnnnd))))
-
2/ / /
-
: , , pi (, , , pi,) ,
pi , pi , pi pi pi