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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1.

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3. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

a.(Country Watch, 2013)(BBC: Country Profiles, 2013)

:1.285 3.13:145380:15.2%21.1%:99% ,1% 84%, 12%,3%,1%

10b. (Stat.go.jp, 2010)(FBI.gov, 2012)

4.7.9426.81.38113.73.53241.124.261,976.91,119.16

c.: (Wa-pedia, 2013)(keishicho.metro.tokyo.jp, 2013)

d.

(Bayley, 1976)

(

1958310197819931995

e. 2(1791), ,

(CNN/ORC, 2012)

f.

(Softbank, 2008)(Japan Today, 2008)

g. (DARE)/ (DAPC)Safe Routes to School program (SRTS)/Community Safety Maps,,

(DARE, 2013) (DAPC, 2013)(, 2013)(SRTS, 2013)

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CSUMB

8. Friman, H. R. (2001). Informal economies, immigrant entrepreneurship and drug crime in Japan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(2), 313333. doi:10.1080/13691830020041633Haley, J. O. (1982). Sheathing the Sword of Justice in Japan: An Essay on Law without Sanctions. Journal of Japanese Studies, 8(2), 265281.Hamai, K., & Ellis, T. (2006). Crime and criminal justice in modern Japan: From re-integrative shaming to popular punitivism. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 34(3), 157178. doi:10.1016/j.ijsl.2006.08.002Hasegawa N. & Suzuki H. (2010) A SITUATION OF CRIME GENERATION AND SELF-ANTICRIME ACTIVITIES ON THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT. . Retrieved December 22, 2012, from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aijt/16/33/16_33_705/_articleD Merriman. (1991). Economic Analysis of the Post World War II Decline in the Japanese Crime Rate. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Volume 7, Number 1 - SpringerLink. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=131705

8. APA

Kohara M. & Ohtake F. (2000).. Retrieved from http://www.iser.osaka-u.ac.jp/~ohtake/paper/shonen.pdfKomiya, N. (1999). A cultural study of the low crime rate in Japan. British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 369 390. doi:10.1093/bjc/39.3.369Konishi T. (2008).. Retrieved from http://sucra.saitama-u.ac.jp/modules/xoonips/download.php/KY-AN00109186-17.pdf?file_id=2934Nationmaster: Crime stats. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/compare/Japan/United-States/CrimeTsushima, M. (1996). Economic structure and crime: The case of Japan. Journal of Socio-Economics, 25(4), 497515. doi:10.1016/S1053-5357(96)90041-4&&&. (2007).. Retrieved from: http://www.jcer.or.jp/academic_journal/jer/PDF/56-4.pdf

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