新视野大学英语

新视野大学英语新视野大学英语

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

CONTENTSCONTENTS

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UNIT 1UNIT 1UNIT 2UNIT 2

UNIT 4UNIT 4

UNIT 5UNIT 5UNIT 6UNIT 6

UNIT 10UNIT 10

UNIT 9UNIT 9

UNIT 8UNIT 8

UNIT 7UNIT 7

UNIT 3UNIT 3

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读写教程 1

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Book 1

Unit 8

Section A

Section B

Section C

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吉林大学外语教学中心制作

PreviPreviewew

Imagination is more important than knowledge. ---------- Einstein

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Book 1

Unit 8

Section A

Section B

Section C

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Section A Birth of Bright Ideas

Section B Ways of Increasing Creativity

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Unit 8

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Background Background knowledgeknowledge

Pre-reading Pre-reading ActivitiesActivities

Richard Wagner

Spezia

Henri Poincare

Descartes

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Background knowledgeBackground knowledge

Richard Wagner

1813-1883

The greatest composer of

German opera

The Ring of the Nibelung

(a set of four operas)

The Rhinegold

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Spezia

An industrial port in northwest Italy

Italy’s chief navel station

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Henri Poincare

1854-1912

A great French

mathematician,

Physicist,and writer

Fuchsian functionsBefore Reading

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Descartes

1596-1650

A famous French philosopher, mathematician and scientist

The founder of both modern philosophy and analytic geometry

Cogito ergo sum

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Pre-reading Pre-reading ActivitiesActivitiesFirst ListeningFirst Listening

Having ideas about a story before you read it is an important reading skill. Please listen to a very short piece of recording.

Second ListeningSecond ListeningNow listen to the recording for the second time and try to the best of your ability to answer the following questions.

1. Where do good ideas come from?

2. How many examples or ways of getting good ideas are discussed?

3. How did Wagner get the idea for the beginning of his music?

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TapescriptTapescript

Good ideas come from the unconscious mind or brain Good ideas come from the unconscious mind or brain activity usually not controlled by usactivity usually not controlled by us. It is easiest to . It is easiest to examine this kind of thinking in famous people. For examine this kind of thinking in famous people. For example, Wagner thought about writing some music example, Wagner thought about writing some music for many years and struggled for many months to for many years and struggled for many months to start it. Then, suddenly, when he was ill and not able start it. Then, suddenly, when he was ill and not able to sleep, to sleep, he fell into a sleeplike state and the sound of he fell into a sleeplike state and the sound of water in his mind became the music for the opening water in his mind became the music for the opening of his work.of his work. His conscious mind at that moment did His conscious mind at that moment did not know how this had happened. In another not know how this had happened. In another example, Poincare’s conscious mind actually watched example, Poincare’s conscious mind actually watched his unconscious mind at work as it developed a very his unconscious mind at work as it developed a very difficult mathematics function. In a third example, difficult mathematics function. In a third example, the philosopher Descartes made an important the philosopher Descartes made an important discovery with the help of a dream.discovery with the help of a dream.

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Part Division of Part Division of the Textthe TextPart Division of Part Division of the Textthe Text

partpart paragraphparagraph Main IdeaMain Idea

1 1-2

2 3-6

3 7


Creative ideas come from the unconscious.

Examples of great creative thinking motivated by the unconscious

The importance of the unconscious in creative thinking

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Comprehension Comprehension of the textof the textComprehension Comprehension of the textof the text


Good ideas come from the unconscious. Psychologists use the term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual.

No. All of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities.

He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within. Before Reading

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1.Where do good ideas come from according to the author? What does "the unconscious" mean to psychologists?

2.Is it just the great creative personalities who have experienced

the sudden arrival of a new idea?

3.What state was Richard Wagner in when he arrived at the hotel?

4.Did Wagner have an easy time with composing the opening to "Rhinegold"? No. he had been occupied with the idea of the “ Ring” for several years, and for many months has been struggling to make a start with the actual composing

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Comprehension Comprehension of the textof the textComprehension Comprehension of the textof the text


The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral opening to the “ rhinegold” had at last taken its shape within him.

The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual process by which the solution was found. A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.

In the example of Henri Poincare, we see the conscious mind actually watching the unconscious at work.

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5.What did he recognize in his mind when he fell into a sleeplike condition?

6.What does the Wagner story tell us?

7.In what way is the example of Henri Poincare different from that of Richard Wagner?

8.What point do you see in the example of Descartes? Dream plays an important role. Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of his dream.

Text structure analysisText structure analysisParagraphs of contrast

In the reading passage, the writer presents where bright ideas come from through a contrast. In Paragraph 4 the writer describes how bright ideas came to Wagner unconsciously while in Paragraph 5 the writer describes how bright ideas came as a result of conscious thinking. By making a contrast, the writer is, in fact, telling us how big ideas are formed. It is quite natural that we are making contrasts or comparisons every day. Through making contrasts and comparisons, we make our own choices or express different ideas or just tell others there are different ways. Who hasn’t compared summer with winter, husbands with wives, residences with apartments? To make a contrast, the things you are to make a contrast with must have something in common. People will not likely make a contrast between the duties of a university with the rules of playing football. In the reading passage, the common base for making a contrast is some ways of forming big ideas. Just as we have shown the elements of this structure, both of them have a subject, a process and a result.

Text structure analysisText structure analysisNow look at paragraphs 4.

The subject: Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to "Rhinegold". Wagner was occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing.

The process of forming big ideas:On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", that he must have carried about within yet had never put into form, had at last taken its shape within him.

The result:In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.

Text structure analysisText structure analysis

The subject: As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincaré, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions.

Try to analyze paragraph 5:

The process of forming big ideas: Here we see the conscious mind in a person of highest ability. For weeks, he sat at his table and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours

The result Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.

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No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't

thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a giftfrom the gods.

No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't

thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a giftfrom the gods.

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Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.

Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.

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All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

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Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to "Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then

at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.

Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to "Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then

at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.

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Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly

felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood

of water, and the rush and roar soon took

musical shape within his brain. He recognized

that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold",

which he must have carried about within him yet

had never been able to put it into form, had at

last taken its shape within him. In this example,

the conscious mind at the moment of creation

knew nothing of the actual processes by which

the solution was found.

Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly

felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood

of water, and the rush and roar soon took

musical shape within his brain. He recognized

that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold",

which he must have carried about within him yet

had never been able to put it into form, had at

last taken its shape within him. In this example,

the conscious mind at the moment of creation

knew nothing of the actual processes by which

the solution was found.

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Text

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As a contrast, we may consider a famous story:

the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French

mathematician, of a new mathematical method

called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the

conscious mind, in a person of highest ability,

actually watching the unconscious at work. For

weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an

hour or two trying a great number

of combinations but he arrived at

no result. One night he drank

some black coffee, contrary to

his usual habit, and was unable

to sleep.

As a contrast, we may consider a famous story:

the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French

mathematician, of a new mathematical method

called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the

conscious mind, in a person of highest ability,

actually watching the unconscious at work. For

weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an

hour or two trying a great number

of combinations but he arrived at

no result. One night he drank

some black coffee, contrary to

his usual habit, and was unable

to sleep.

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Text55


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Unit 8


Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could

almost feel them pushing against one another,

until two of them combined to form a stable

combination. When morning came, he had

established the existence of one class of

Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the

results, which took only a few hours. Here, we

see the conscious mind observing the new

combinations being formed in the unconscious,

while the Wagner story shows the sudden

explosion of a new concept into consciousness.

Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could

almost feel them pushing against one another,

until two of them combined to form a stable

combination. When morning came, he had

established the existence of one class of

Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the

results, which took only a few hours. Here, we

see the conscious mind observing the new

combinations being formed in the unconscious,

while the Wagner story shows the sudden

explosion of a new concept into consciousness.

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A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the

world of men. Then in a dream

on November 10, 1619, he made

the significant discovery that he

could only find certainty in his

own thoughts, cogito ergo sum

("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.

A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the

world of men. Then in a dream

on November 10, 1619, he made

the significant discovery that he

could only find certainty in his

own thoughts, cogito ergo sum

("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.

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Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes'

experiences are representative of countless

others in every field of culture. The

unconscious is certainly the source of

instinctive activity. But in creative thought

the unconscious is responsible for the

production of new organized forms from

relatively disorganized elements.

Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes'

experiences are representative of countless

others in every field of culture. The

unconscious is certainly the source of

instinctive activity. But in creative thought

the unconscious is responsible for the

production of new organized forms from

relatively disorganized elements.

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No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. (Para. 1)

satisfactory: a. good enough to be pleasing, or for a purpose, rule, standard, etc

This method of heating is not satisfactory for large buildings.satisfy vt. ------ satisfactory a . ------ satisfaction n.form a good idea: begin to have an idea and develop itform an idea/ an opinion/ a judgment/ a plan /a personality".He found it hard to form an original opinion.

A plan began to form in his mind.

One of the most important tasks for a school is to help and promote forming a child's personality. exist vi-----existence n.

Language Points 1

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You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! (Para. 1)

sleep on sth: leave sth. undecided or unattended until the next day 暂时不作决定，过一晚再作决定 He will sleep on the matter and tell us the decision later.

flash: vi. 1.(of a light) to appear or exist for a moment ( 光 ) 掠过 ;The lightening flashed.

2. (of an idea) to come suddenly突然产生（想法、灵感）These lines from Shakespeare just flashed into my mind. 3. appear or pass suddenly 飞驰，掠过The car flashed by so quickly that I could not see the car number.

The days seem to flash by. 光阴似箭。

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When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods. (Para. 1)

a gift from the gods:

an unearned, or unexpected, benefit that is greatly valued 不期而获又大受欢迎的好处，利益 People say that all the years

after 70 are gifts from the gods.

Translation: 当你不去想它的时候，答案却突然从天而降，仿如上苍赐予你的一份礼物。

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Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. (Para. 2)

occur: vi. happen, take place

occur to: (of an idea) come to mind 想到 , 想起The idea never occurred to me.

It suddenly occurred to him that this was an act he could never do.

particularly: ad. especiallyHe is particularly careful with his car; I do not think we should borrow it.

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They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. (Para. 2)

glow: vi. 1.produce light and heat without fire,发光，发热Colored lights glowed on the celebration night 2. show strong or warm color 呈现鲜艳的颜色Maple leaves glowed red in the sunlight.glow with: show redness or heat with feelings, etc.My father face glowed with satisfaction when he saw my college grades.

creation n. creatingThe bathroom is entirely my own creation.

create vt. ------ creative a. ------ creation /creativity n.

Translation:

它们猛然间迸入人的脑海，闪烁着创造的光芒。

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How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let’s assume they come from the “ unconscious”. (Para. 2)

mystery: something that is not fully understood Many people have tried to solve the problem but without success; it is a mystery that the girl found the solution to it in just a minute.

mystery n.------ mysterious a.

conscious :1. realizing something感觉到，意识到The children were conscious of their mother‘s unhappiness. 2. fully awake; knowing what is happening around 处于清醒状态，有知觉的unconsciousa.无意识的，无感觉的，神志不清的consciously ad.意识到地，感觉到地，神志清楚地Consciousness n. 意识

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This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. (Para. 2)

reasonable: showing common sense; fair合理的，适当的a reasonable solution to the problem.Reason n.----reasonable a.process: a connected set of actions or events that produce continuation or slow change 过程，进程The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.

In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found. (Para. 5) individual: a human being regarded as unique 个体The rights of the individual are sometimes the most important rights in a free society.

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..it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. (Para. 3)

examine: study or determineexamine a tissue sample under a microscope

examine the structure of a novel

personality: n. 1. a person who is well-knownto the public 名人A number of local personalities were present.

2. the quality or condition of being a person 人的品质I like Jack because he has a friendly personality. intensify v. make or become stronger The press has intensified its examination of the political official's

background.

Language Points 8

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All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become. (Para. 3)

the more... the more...The sooner you start, the more quickly you'll be finished. The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.

dramatic: a. 1. sudden, exciting, not expected 引人注目的China has achieved dramatic economic developments. The lives of the earliest foreigners who settled in America must have been dramatic and exciting.2. about drama or acting 戏剧的 ; 演戏的drama n.

Language Points 9

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Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to "Rhinegold". (Para. 4)

compose: 1.v. create or produce (a written or musical piece) The piece of music is composed for the celebration of 2008 Olympic Games to be held in China.

2. To make up (something); form (something)be composed of

Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.

Language 10

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Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, ... (Para. 4)

occupy: vt. engage, employ, or busy (oneself) 把注意力集中于 ......be occupied with sth./ in doing sth : be busy with sth./doing sth.

He is occupied with the repair of farm tools.

He is occupied in repairing farm tools.

I am afraid that you won't be able to see the doctor for he is fully occupied with appointments this afternoon.

2. fill up (time or space) 占用（时间或空间）Reading occupies most of my free time. The enemy occupied the town.

Language 11

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On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. (Para. 4)

without: ad. outside The dog remained shaking without.

within: ad. insideThe building for sale. Enquires within.

He looked calm without, but anxious within.

fling: vt. throw with force He flung his shoes at the dog that would not leave his door.

Language 12

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Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. (Para. 4)

miracle: n. act or event that cannot be explained by known laws of nature It is a miracle that the small child lived through the earthquake.

seek for: make a search for; try to find; look for He has been seeking for a new place to live for several months, but he has not found anything he can afford. She had been seeking for a new partner for her business for a long time before finally finding one.

Language 13

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Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, ...(Para. 4)

as though: as if Please note that "as though" or "as if" is often followed by a clause in subjunctive mood ( 虚拟语气 ). Everything went on as usual as though nothing had happened. This equipment operated as though it had been repaired. Please note the difference in the following two sentences:You look as if you've been running.

You look as if you'd seen a spirit.

mighty: a. having or showing great power, skill, strength, or force 强大的，巨大的 Translation: 他进入了似睡非睡的朦胧状态，骤然间感觉到自己仿佛掉进了滔滔洪水之中 , 不断在下沉，

Language 14

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...the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. (Para. 4)

take shape: develop or start to appear in such a way that it becomes fairly clear what its final form will be 成型After several days' discussion, their project began to take shape.

Plans for our vacation are beginning to take shape. Translation:

洪水的冲击声和咆哮声以音乐的形式呈现在他的脑海里

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He recognized that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", which he must have carried about within yet had never been able to put into form, had at last taken its shape within him. (Para. 4)

recognize: vt. 1. realize or be aware that sth. exists or is true

意到，认识到Many fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of being refused. No one recognizes the difficulty of the mission. 2. identify as previously known; know sth. or sb. 认出I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years. about: ad. here and there, or in all directions.They go about together most of the time.

put into : express in Now that you understand the problem, you have to think about how to put it into form to make yourself understood.

Though they could not have put it into words, their dislike of him was that he did not wear uniform.

Translation: 他意识到，久存于心中、却始终未能谱写成的《莱茵河的黄金》管弦乐前奏曲终于在他脑海里形成了。

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Unit 8

As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. (Para. 5)

contrast: n. (with, between) unlikeness or difference shown by comparing objects or peopleThis appears big in contrast with that. If you compare the weather here with the weather in my country, there is not much contrast.

The contrast between the two ideas is sharp.

v. to compare (2 different things or people or one thing or a person with another) so that difference are made clear

In this book the writer contrasts good with evil.

Translation: 与之相对的是另一件众人皆知的事情：那就是法国伟大的数学家亨利 · 庞加莱发现被称为富克斯函数的数学新方法的故事

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Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. (Para. 5)

at work: having an effect; in operation The report suggested that the same direction was at work in political affairs.

It is important to understand the powerful economic and social forces at work behind their actions.

Translation:我们看到，在这位天才人物身上，意识活动事实上一直注视着潜意识所起的作用。

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One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. (Para. 5)

black coffee: coffee without milk and sugar black coffee 清咖啡milk coffee 加牛奶的咖啡strong/weak coffee 浓 / 淡咖啡contrary to: opposite toHe passed the examination, contrary to what I expected. Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south.

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Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. (Para. 5)

keep (on) doing something: continue doing sth; do sth. frequently or repeatedlysurge: move (as if) in waves 汹涌Memories surged in his mind.

combine: v. come together, unite, act together, or join together If improved online education is combined with other elements good results can be achieved.

combination n. something that results from two or more things, (esp. chemicals) beingcombined结合 , 合并 ; 【化】化合物His nature is a combination of strength and kindness. stable: a. firm, without movementPeople guess that the price of oil should remain stable for the rest of the year. Translation: 许多想法在他脑子里不断涌现；他几乎能感觉到这些想法在相互碰撞着，直到其中的两个结合在一起，形成了一个稳定的组合。

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When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. (Para. 5)

establish : 1. set up (an organization)

establish a shop/ school/business

2. to find out or make certain of (a fact ,answer, etc.) 证实to establish the truth of the story

existence: n. the fact or state of existing This is the oldest steel bridge in existence.

Some people think that it is difficult to prove the existence of the unconscious mind.

Translation:

到了早晨，他已经证实了一类富克斯函数的存在

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Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness. (Para. 5)

observe: vt. see and notice sth. or sb.; to watch sth. or sb. carefully 观察They were observed entering the bank. The police observed the man break into the store.

observe the path of the moonexplosion: n. a sudden bursting outWe are living in an age of knowledge explosion; we have hardly had the time to learn the new concepts.

explosions of laughter 哄堂大笑2. the act or a moment of sudden increase 激增，扩大population explosion 人口爆炸explode vi ----- explosion n.

concept: n. something formed in the mind; a thought or ideaStudents are supposed to learn the basic concepts of their fields.

Translation: 这件事中，我们看到意识一直注视着在无意识中形成的新组合，而瓦格纳的例子则显示了一个新想法在意识中的突然迸发。

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A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. (Para. 6)

creative: a. having the ability to produce, or producing, new and original ideas and things 有创造力的，创作的creative thinking

create vt.------ creative a. -------- creation n./ creativity n.

exemplify: vt. show by example

The teacher exemplified the meaning of the word.

determine: decide, to (cause to) form a firm intention in the mind 决定，决心determine vt. ----determined a.-----determination n.

be determined to do sth.

Translation: 笛卡尔 23岁时所作过的、决定了他的人生道路的一些梦，可以作为第三种创造性经历的例证。

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Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. (Para. 6)

search for: try to find; look for They searched for the missing boy everywhere, but they could not find him.

Scientists searched for the cause of the disease.

certainty: n. the fact, quality, or state of being certain I have told them with absolute certainty there'll be no change.

certain a. ------ certainty n.

Translation: 在这之前，笛卡儿一直在寻找确定性，先是在书本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。

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This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm. (Para. 6)

fill sb. with (a feeling): make sb. have or experience (that feeling)I admired my father and his work filled me with curiosity. He looked at me without speaking, and for the first time I could see that his eyes were filled with pride.

enthusiasm: n.1. great positive feeling for or interest in a subject or cause 热情 , 积极性enthusiasm for English ( 学 ) 英语热2. a thing causing this feeling 爱好的事物Many boys have great enthusiasm

for basketball. enthusiastic: a

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Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. (Para. 7)

representative: n. (of) be like or common to others of the same class He was in no way representative of those who suffered from the accident.

Are your opinions representative of the other students?

Translation:

瓦格纳、庞加莱和笛卡尔的经历代表了各个文化领域中无数其他的经历

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The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. (Para. 7)

source: n. a place from which sth. comes or is acquired

源泉，来源The farms in the country are the source of food for the cities.

Bad food is a source of illness. the source of knowledgeinstinctive: a. resulting from instinct 本能的，天性的，直觉 instinct n.----- instinctive a.

Translation: 潜意识无疑是本能活动的源泉。

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But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements. (Para. 7)

responsible for: being the cause of sth. The bus driver is responsible for the safety of his passengers. He still felt responsible for her sudden death.

He insisted that his solid foundation was responsible for his present success. organize: vt. put together into a well planned, sequenced whole 组织起来organized one's thoughts before speaking

organize vt. ------organization n.

opposite: disorganize vtelement: n. a necessary part of a whole 元素 , 成分Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements. Honesty, industry and kindness are elements of a good life.

Translation: 不过，在创造性思维过程中，正是潜意识使得相对无序的成分变成新的有序形式。

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III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

1. Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural____________ of energy: the sun, the sea, the wind and hot springs.

2. If present directions continue, the world in the years ahead will be more crowded, more polluted and less ____________ ecologically （生态上） than the world we live in now.

3. The crowd ____________ out from the gate.

4. It's not ____________ to expect a small child to understand such a difficult question.

exemplify reasonable intense enthusiasm fling push explosion certainty insightful surge source stable

sources

stable

surgedreasonable

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VI VII VIII IXIVIII V

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5. The novel Tom Sawyer ____________ 19th-

century life in the United States.

6. She was unable to express her ___________ fear

of the witch (巫婆 ) toy in the box.

7. When he got upstairs very tired, John

____________ himself on a couch.

8. I can't say I share your ________ for the idea.


exemplifies

intense

flung

enthusiasm

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9. The __________ was heard even miles away.

10. A(n) ____________ person is one who shows

insight into life.

11. If you had not got a doctor for him, he would

____________ have died.

12. There was such a large audience that we had to

____________ our way through the entrance.


explosion

insightful

certainly

push

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IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with text words or expressions that best keep the original meaning.

1. Their present has been in the form of a cheque

for $100.

2. The freezing weather is the cause of the breaks

in the concrete.

3. A large majority of elderly Americans count on

government old age income.

4. Are your opinions a good example of those of

other students?

taken the shape

responsible for

depend on

representative of

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5. She guessed that secret influences were having

an effect.

6. After many hours’ talk, the group came to a

decision.

7. Make a written record of my phone number in

your diary before you forget it.

8. The old lady was engaged in making clothes for

her neighbors' children.

at work

arrived at

Write down

occupied with

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9. Let's drop the issue for the time being and

decide on it later.

10. The scientists are looking for new ways to

replace polluting energy sources such as coal

and oil.

11. The frightening story caused me to experience

great fear.

12. The police inspected the building carefully in

order to find the escaped prisoner.

sleep on

seeking for

filled me with

searched… for

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V. In each of the following items, you are given two simple sentences. Combine the two simple sentences to make one complex sentence that contains an attributive clause.

1. It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities. Many of the great creative personalities experienced it in an intensified form.

The headmaster advised the boy to study law. The parents had discussed their son's future with the headmaster.

The headmaster, with whom the parents had discussed their son's future, advised the boy to study law.

original sentence

rewritten as

It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.

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3. George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations. Many of the examinations were held in June.

George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June.

2. The Gaels' ( 盖尔人 ) offspring are the modern Scots and Irish. Some of the modern Scots and Irish still speak the Gaelic language.

The Gaels' offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.

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5. The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes. The solution was found by the actual processes.

The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.

4. At last the miracle happened. His unconscious mind had been seeking for the miracle for so long.

At last the miracle happened, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.

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VI. Complete the following sentences after the given model, with the help of the words given in brackets.

1. The more books a man reads, ... (knowledge, have)

The more highly insightful the person, ... (dramatic, signals)

The more highly insightful the person, the more dramatic the signals become/are.

The more books a man reads, the more knowledge he will have.

Model

2. The more he thought about it, ... (the less, like)

The more he thought about it, the less he liked it.

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VI. Complete the following sentences after the given model, with the help of the words given in brackets.

3. The smaller the house is, ... (the less, pay)

The smaller the house is, the less you have to pay for it.

4. The more dangerous it is, ...(excited, feel)

The more dangerous it is, the more excited he feels.

5. The more you talk in English, ...(progress, make)

The more you talk in English, the more progress you will make.

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VII. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情

She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.

2. （谚）欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中。 He who would search for jewels must dive below.

3. 我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影，但却下了雨。 I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.

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VII. Translate the following sentences into English.

4. 许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。

There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.

5. 医学检查证实她身体状况良好。

Medical tests established that she was in good health.

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VIII. Translate the following into Chinese.

All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters.

我们都有过灵机一动突然有了这样一个新想法的经历，而这在那些富有创造性的天才人物身上最显而易见。他们中的许多人对这种经历有着强烈的感受，并在回忆录和信函中将其记录了下来。

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VIII. Translate the following into Chinese.

All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

一切真正创造性的活动似乎在某种程度上都依赖于潜意识中的这些信号；一个人洞察力越强，这些信号就越鲜明、越富有戏剧性。

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IX. Choose the best words to complete the meaning in each of the sentences below based on Passage A in this unit.

Creative thinking depends for/ what was unknown becoming /clean. Unconscious ________/principles unknown to us are the source of the instinctive thinking that is responsible for new /organization concepts. All of us have experienced the sudden enthusiasm/ into consciousness of a new concept when we /aren’t

thinking about it. / Scarcely we can find examples of individual/ among famous personalities in every field. For the /philosophy Descartes, for example, a dream determined his /potentially life path and provided a central concept about exemplified/_______

onclear processes

organizedexplosion

weren’t

Elsewhereinvention

philosopherpotential

existence

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IX. Choose the best words to complete the meaning in each of the sentences below based on Passage A in this unit.

The conscious mind of the mathematical genius Poincare actually /watching his uncons-cious /in work. For Wagner, by /context, his conscious mind at the moment of carriage/ knew nothing of the actual processes /of which the sound of water became an occupied/ score. All of these example of creative thinking depend /in signals from the unconscious. The more /truly insightful the person, /the more sharper and less/ dramatic the signals become.

watchedat contrast

creationby

orchestralon

highlythe sharper

more

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Scanning and PredictingScanning and Predicting

Reading skillsReading skills

Scanning a reading passage before you read it can be a very useful way to improve your comprehension if you keep your mind active as you scan.

To scan the content of the reading passage, we should very carefully read the subject, the paragraph headings, the first sentence of a paragraph or sometimes just part of the first sentence to get enough information for our thinking.

Although we may not be able to understand every detail from the subject or the first sentence—and although a writer may surprise us with unexpected ideas—we can often see the general direction in which the writer is going. This reading skill can help us understand the text better when we go back for a closer reading or give us a good idea of where in the reading passage to look for answers to specific questions

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Active readers are making predictions before serious reading and they make corrections of their understanding of the reading passage from time to time while reading the material. There are many helpful steps to take in order to read for information before you actually begin reading. You can look ahead to the content of a passage in a number of ways.

1. Look at the title. Does it tell what you will be reading about? If so, you can then make some possible prediction about the content of the reading passage.

2. Look for subtitles. Essays, newspaper articles and other longer readings sometimes offer help in making predictions by printing subtitles. Appearing below titles in heavy, dark print or in italics, subtitles suggest the kind of material you will find in a small section of the reading.

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3. Look at pictures, charts, or drawings if there are any. Often an illustration helps you figure out ahead of time what your reading will deal with.

4. Look at the first sentence of each paragraph. This may also give you a quick idea of what the reading is about before you begin to read carefully.

You will find for Reading Passages B and C we are only concerned with making predictions from titles and subtitles. Here we just have one example from Reading Passage A to show how the first sentence of a paragraph helps us make some possible predictions about what the paragraph is about. The following is Paragraph 3 from Reading Passage A. Try to read ONLY the bolded part and make your predictions.

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All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become. (Para. 3, PassageA)

Possible prediction: Some big ideas come by themselves all of a sudden.

If you find your prediction is not correct when you read on, don’t worry! You can adjust your understanding of the paragraph with the information you acquire during your reading. This is the reading process after all!

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XII. XII. Before you read Passage B, have a quick look at just the subject and headings of the reading passage. They are printed here for you. This is to help you to have a general idea of the content of the passage.


A.

Title: Ways of Increasing Creativity

Subtitles: Capture the fleeting. Daydreaming. Seek challenges. Expand your world.

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1. Capture the fleeting

B. Capture the big boat.

C. Catch the passing boat.

2. Daydreaming

A. You should stay away from daydreaming.

C. Daydreaming would destroy your big ideas.

Reading skillsReading skillsB. Judging from this subject and headings-and without looking

at the reading passage-what kind of content do you expect to find under the headings and lastly under the subject? Choose the answer that seems most likely to you.

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A. Seize the passing ideas.

B. You would catch big ideas while daydreaming.

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3.3. Seek challengesSeek challenges

A.A. Be ready to fight against anyone.Be ready to fight against anyone.

B.B. Try to find anyone who holds a different idea from Try to find anyone who holds a different idea from yours.yours.

4.4. Expand your worldExpand your world

A.A. Enlarge your own room to contain more things.Enlarge your own room to contain more things.

B.B. Try to travel more and learn more. Try to travel more and learn more.



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C.C. Actively try to answer new questions.Actively try to answer new questions.

C.C. Try to solve some problems in a much broader Try to solve some problems in a much broader sense.sense.

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5.5. Ways of Increasing Creativity (the Ways of Increasing Creativity (the subject of the reading passage) subject of the reading passage)

B.B. How to become a great man. How to become a great man.

C.C. What does increasing creativity mean?What does increasing creativity mean?



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A.A. Different ways of enhancing creative Different ways of enhancing creative mind.mind.

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew wordschill v. make cold; cool 使变冷；使扫兴The freezing weather chilled me to the bone. 寒冷的天气使我感到冰冷刺骨。n. coldness寒冷，寒气chilly a. cold enough to be uncomfortable

remark vi. express a short relaxed comment评论He remarked that it was getting late. 他说天色渐晚了。But this does not matter, for, as he often remarked, one is never too old to learn.但是这不要紧，因为，正如他一向所说的那样，一个人要活到老学到老。n. comment, usu. not official谈论，评论

decade n. a period of ten years十年some words indicating numbers:

dozen, score, quarter, century, couple, etc.

convince vt. bring by the use of arguing or facts to a firm belief or a course of action 使确信 , 使信服A decade of enquiry has convinced me (that) we can all be that clever.

It took many hours to convince the judge of his guilt.花费了好几个小时法庭才相信他有罪。capacity n.1. the ability to produce, experience, understand or learn sth. 才能 , 能力creative capacity 2. the ability to hold or contain sth. 容量，容积This room has a seating capacity of 100 people. 这个房间可容纳一百人。

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew words

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew wordsconcrete a. of or relating to a material thing or group of things rather than to an idea 具体的concrete ways of in creasing creativity

Opposite: abstractn. 水泥，混凝土fleeting a. passing quickly; not lasting long 飞逝的 , 转瞬即逝的Youth is so fleeting.青春是如此的短暂。capture v. seize; take violently or with force 捕获 capture the fleeting

The criminal was captured when trying to escape from the city. 罪犯在企图逃离这座城市时被捕获。2. seize; occupy 夺得 ; 占领The army fought its way down and captured many enemy camps. 这支部队长驱直入，攻下了许多敌军军营。

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew wordsevaluate v. examine and judge carefully 评价 , 估计Not every idea will have value but capture it first and evaluate later. evaluation n.

advantage n. a relatively good or lucky position; exceptional means优势；有利条件Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English. 玛丽英语说得好，因为她有一个有利条件，她妈妈是英国人。Opposite: disadvantage

take advantage of : make use of

claim v. state to be true, especially when open to question 声言；自称He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him.

他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew wordsengineering n.the science or profession of an engineer 工程 ( 学 )engineering college工学院

mechanical engineering 机械工程context n. 1. the general conditions in which an event, action, etc.,

takes place （事情发生的）环境，背景In the context of late 19th century Italy ， it was difficult to be both

a practicing Christian and a political official.

在十九世纪的意大利，既想当基督徒又想从政是很难的。2. words that come before and after a word, phrase, statement, etc,

helping to show what its meaning is 上下文Can you tell the meaning of this word from its context?

你能根据上下文判断出这个词的意思吗？

Section B Ways of Increasing CreativityNew words

transfer v. move from one place or job to another 调动，迁移His employer transferred him to another office.

老板把他调到了另一个办公室。What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely

different one.

enhance vt. make greater, as in value, beauty, or standing; to

increase 提高 , 增强to enhance your creativity, learn something new.

Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of

getting the post.

通过了英语考试会增加你获得这个职位的机会。

Textual structure

Part 1

Part2

We should encourage our creative impulses and act upon them.

Suggestions on how to increase creativity

Capture the fleeting

Daydream

Seek challenges

Expand the field

para.1-4

para.5-16

① para.6-8

② para.9-10

③ para.11-12

④ para.13-16

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Text My guests had arrived, but once again, I'd forgotten to put the wine in the fridge. "Don't worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you right away.“

Five minutes later she emerged from thekitchen with the wineperfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, shesaid: "I poured it in a plastic bag and dipped it in ice water."

My guests had arrived, but once again, I'd forgotten to put the wine in the fridge. "Don't worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you right away.“

Five minutes later she emerged from thekitchen with the wineperfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, shesaid: "I poured it in a plastic bag and dipped it in ice water."

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Text My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked. A decade of enquiry has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity. It's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential but the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us can be unlocked.

My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked. A decade of enquiry has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity. It's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential but the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us can be unlocked.

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Page 3/9

TextThe following techniques suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity:

Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast, sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act-possibly the only difference between us and them.

The following techniques suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity:

Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast, sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act-possibly the only difference between us and them.

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Page 4/9

Text In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven wrote about thinking of a beautiful tune while half asleep in a carriage: "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it." Fortunately, for Beethoven and for us, the next day in the same carriage, the tune returned to him and he captured it in writing. When a good idea comes your way, write it down---on your arm if necessary.

Not every idea will have value but capture it first and evaluate later.

In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven wrote about thinking of a beautiful tune while half asleep in a carriage: "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it." Fortunately, for Beethoven and for us, the next day in the same carriage, the tune returned to him and he captured it in writing. When a good idea comes your way, write it down---on your arm if necessary.

Not every idea will have value but capture it first and evaluate later.

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Page 5/9

Text Daydream. Painter Salvador Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. As he began to fall asleep, Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. Shocked awake by the sound, he would immediately sketch the images seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep. Everyone experiences this strange state and can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. Often, the "three bs"---bed, bath and bus--are productive. Anywhere you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find ideas emerge freely.

Daydream. Painter Salvador Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. As he began to fall asleep, Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. Shocked awake by the sound, he would immediately sketch the images seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep. Everyone experiences this strange state and can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. Often, the "three bs"---bed, bath and bus--are productive. Anywhere you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find ideas emerge freely.

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Page 6/9

Text

Seek challenges. Try inviting friends and business associates from different areas of your life to a party. Bringing people of different ages and social status together may help you think in new ways.

Seek challenges. Try inviting friends and business associates from different areas of your life to a party. Bringing people of different ages and social status together may help you think in new ways.

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吉林大学外语教学中心制作Page 7/9

Text

Edwin Land, one of America's most productive inventors, claimed the idea leading to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together: "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind theywere so real that I spentseveral hours describing them."

Edwin Land, one of America's most productive inventors, claimed the idea leading to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together: "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind theywere so real that I spentseveral hours describing them."

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TextExpand your world. Many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem." Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers? One college student tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum. As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.

Expand your world. Many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem." Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers? One college student tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum. As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.

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TextAsked how he succeeded, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.

This principle works elsewhere as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing; if you're a nurse, try a course in vitamin therapy. Read a book on a new subject. Change your daily newspaper. The new will combine with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative means paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.

Asked how he succeeded, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.

This principle works elsewhere as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing; if you're a nurse, try a course in vitamin therapy. Read a book on a new subject. Change your daily newspaper. The new will combine with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative means paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.

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A decade of enquiry has convinced me we can. (Para. 4)

Meaning: Through ten years of study and research I have been persuaded by facts that all of us can do the same.

Language Points 1

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What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity. It's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. (Para. 4)

Meaning : The difference between the average person and Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare is not in creative capacity, but in the ability to use that capacity through encouraging creative impulses and acting according to them.

act upon: act according toA patient should usually listen to his doctor‘s advice and act upon it. 一般说来，病人应该听从医生的劝告，并照医生的意见做。Becoming more creative means paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you. (Para. 16) 变得更有创造力意味着留意你头脑里的无穷无尽的想法，学会捕捉你脑子里的新想法并将其付诸行动。

Language Points 2

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Capture the fleeting. (Para. 6)

Meaning : Some of the good ideas exist for a short time, so do not let them fly away.

Be careful that "fleeting" is an adjective. Do not confuse this with two other different words: "flee" or "fleet". Here "the fleeting" is used as a noun, meaning "passing ideas".Here are some examples of "the definite article the + adj."the unconscious (Para. 3, Passage A):

the unconscious mind 潜意识the blind 盲人the deaf 聋子the sick 病人the unemployed 失业的人the blamed 被告

Language Points 3

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But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it. (Para. 7)

Meaning : I had hardly awakened when the tune flew away and I could not remember any part of the tune.When we express the idea of one thing happening immediately after another, we can use "hardly,' 'scarcely," followed by "when."Scarcely had he arrived when he had to leave again.

他刚刚到达就又得走了。Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang. 我刚一进屋电话铃就响了。Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to deal with. 我刚到，就有新的问题要处理了。similarly , we have “ no sooner… than”, “as soon as”

Language Points 4

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When a good idea comes your way, write it down-on your arm if necessary. (Para. 8)

Meaning : When an idea occurs to you, you must write it down and if necessary write it on your arm.come one‘s way: occur so that one has it or gets it 发生在某人身上，可以被某人利用Take advantage of the opportunities coming your way.

有机会时要好好利用它。 You have to get yourself ready for any time; when a chance comes your way you can surely capture it.

你必须随时作好准备；一旦机会来了，你就能不失时机地抓住它。

Language Points 5

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Shocked awake by the sound, he would immediately sketch the images seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep(Para. 9)

Meaning : The sound woke him up, and then immediately he made a quick drawing of the images in his mind. He had the images when he was almost asleep, which is a good source of creative ideas."Awake" is an adjective here; it is not a verb. In Paragraph 7 we have the same word used as a verb in "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it."."Shocked awake by the sound" is a past participle phrase placed at the beginning of the sentence. Other examples of similar structure:Moved by their speech, we did not know what to say. 他们的话使我们很感动，我们不知说什么才好。

Language Points 6

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Everyone experiences this strange state and can take advantage of it. (Para. 10)

take advantage of: make use of You should take advantage of living in a large city where most of the goods are convenient. 你应该享受大都市的生活 , 那里购买大多数商品都十分方便。

He took advantage of the meeting to express his opinion about current situations.

他利用会议机会表达了他对当前形势的看法。

Language Points 7

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Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers? (Para. 13)

Meaning: Even though you can‘t get both at the same time, do you think it possible to tie the two ends together with a pair of pliers? at once: 1) now, without delay 马上，立刻 2 ） at the same time or all at one time同时I can't do two things at once. 我不能同时做两件事情。She is at once clever and restrained. 她既聪明又谦虚。end: the two "ends" of something long and narrow are the two points or parts of it that are furthest away from each other.Every stick has two ends. 凡事总有利又有弊。She's on the other end of the wire (or line).

她在电话的另一端。the end of one's nose 鼻子尖 cigarette ends 香烟头

Language Points 8

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set it in motion (Para. 14)

set sth in motion: start it moving 使 ......运转起来Pull this handle towards you to set the machine in motion. 拉动这个手柄就可以使机器运转起来。

Language Points 9

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As it swung back and forth, ...(Para. 14)

Meaning: While it moved back and forward...back and forth: move back and go ahead or forwardA pendulum swings back and forth.钟摆前后摆动。He walked back and forth in his room waiting for the news from his son. 他在房间里走来走去，等候他儿子的消息。

Language Points 10

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What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one. (Para. 15)

Meaning: He used what he had learned in one situation in a completely different situation.

Language Points 11

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The new will combine with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. (Para. 16)

Meaning: The new will combine with the old in new and possibly interesting ways."Novel" in this sentence is an adjective, meaning "new".Flying gives people a novel feeling.

飞行给人们一种新奇的感觉。The subject of the film I saw last night was certainly not novel; there have been at least five films in the last year with the same idea. 昨天晚上看到的电影主题并不新颖；在去年至少有 5部片子都是这个主题。

Language Points 12

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XIII. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

① The guests applauded because _________.

B. they found themselves as clever as the woman

C. they would have perfectly cooled wine to drink

A. they wanted to express their admiration for the woman's brightness

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A


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② Compared to the genius, what the average person lacks is __________.

A. creative capacity which he can use to encourage creative impulses and then act upon them

C. the reservoir of ideas that hides within most people

B. the ability to use creative capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them

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B


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③ The word "fortunately" (paragraph 7) suggests that __________.

B. Beethoven returned home on time by riding in a carriage

C. Beethoven awoke on time to capture the tune in writing

A. Beethoven remembered the tune that he had forgotten

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A


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④ When you have a good idea, you should __________.

A. decide cautiously whether it has any value

B. go with it as far as possible

C. write it down as quickly as possible

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C


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⑤ As long as you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you will __________.

A. see the “three bs” – bed, bath and bus

B. be good at daydreaming

C. find ideas come your way

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C


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⑥ In paragraph 13, an expression “ expand your world” means __________.

A. to travel around the world

C. to learn science, engineering and the arts

B. to broaden your knowledge Before Reading

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⑦ By giving the college student’s example, te writer intends to say that_____

A. two widely separated strings can be reached at once by using a pair of pliers

B. if one string is set in motion, the two string ends can be tied together

C. it's important to transfer knowledge learned in one context to a different one

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C


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⑧ The writer's advice on the enhancement of creativity is __________.

B. to take up tap dancing

C. to try a course in vitamin therapy

A. to learn something you know little about

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A


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XIV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.evaluate capture expand revealfertile convince fleeting impulsereach transfer concrete productive

1. A most significant function of the weather map is to ________ a general picture of conditions in the air around the earth at a given time.

2. The hours that a child plays in company with his peers (同辈人 )_________ his life space and provide him with experience in getting along with others.

3. Every term students are given the opportunity to _________ their instructors.

reveal

expand

evaluate

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4. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over_____ areas.

5. As life expectancy (平均寿命 ) increases, more Americans will spend more years as retired, elderly people. The schools, therefore, have a new duty: to educate for __________ use of free time.

6. A sudden________ of anger arose in him.

fertile

productive

impulse

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7. By standing on the tips of my toes I can just

_________the shelf.

8. The company has___________ its main office

from New York to Chicago.

9. Much to our disappointment, the police have

not _________ the thief yet.

reach

transferred

captured

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10. Though he paid only a _________ visit to the

city, the city left a good impression on him.

11. We couldn't __________ him of his mistake and

he still did it in his own way.

12. A _________ thing is a thing that can be

touched. For instance, a lamp is but its

brightness is abstract.

fleeting

convince

concrete

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XV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with text words or expressions that best keep the original meaning.

1. If you find any key to the problem, let me know immediately.

2. Following his advice, I decided to change my paper's subject.

3. If a chance of traveling out of the country became available to John, he would be delighted.

4. Even though you can't reach both strings at the same time, is it possible to tie their ends together using a pair of pliers?

right away

Acting on his advice

came John’s way

at once

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XV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with text words or expressions that best keep the original meaning.

5. The worker caused the motor to start operating.

6. Alfred began to learn oil painting while at school.

7. We properly made use of the fine weather to play tennis.

8. Trucks went to and fro on the construction grounds.

set the motor in motion

took up

took advantage of

back and forth

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Salvador Dali

http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/collection/classic/geopoliticus.html?L+dali+hdnp3796+1035515689

http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/collection/classic/discovery.html?L+dali+hdnp3796+1035515689

http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/collection/classic/council.html?L+dali+hdnp3796+1035515689

http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/collection/classic/naturemorte.html?L+dali+hdnp3796+1035515689

吉林大学外语教学中心制作吉林大学外语教学中心制作吉林大学外语教学中心制作吉林大学外语教学中心制作

2002 年 9 月

新视野大学英语

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Transcript of 新视野大学英语

新视野 大学英语

Documents

Transcript of 新视野 大学英语

新视野大学英语

Transcript of 新视野大学英语