CPU

CPU

7.17.27.2.17.2.27.2.37.2.47.2.57.3CPU7.3.17.3.27.47.4.17.4.2(Multiprogramming)7.4.3(Virtual Memory)7.5

7.1(Bare Machine)(Operating System)CPU

7.1(Supervisor program)(kernel)BIOS(Bootstrapping)(kernel)(resident program)

7.1WindowsWindows

7.1CPU

7.1

7.1(virtual machine)(Application Program InterfaceAPI)API(seek)

7.1(command line)(graphical user interfaceGUI)DosUnixLinuxWindowsX-WindowMac OS X

7.1LinuxWindows Vista

7.2

7.2.1(Plug-board)

7.2.2(Job)(Batch processing system)(Job)(Job Control Program)

7.2.2(Single-task system)I/OI/OI/OOS/360Unix shellMS-DOSBAT

7.2.2Turnaround TimeSubmitAB 3A(1)CPU(2)B(3)CPUACPU3A10BCPU10ABA10031003B1003101013BB 5

7.2.2CPU(1)ACPU(2)BCPU(3)AB3AB131310A10131013103B1013A103

7.2.3(Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On LineSPOOL)(Multiprogramming)(Time sharing processing)(Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On LineSPOOL)Dedicated Device(Spooling)Shared Device

7.2.3SpoolerSpoolerI/OCPUCPUI/O

(Spooling)

7.2.3(Multiprogramming)CPUI/OCPUI/OCPU(concurrent)CPUCPUCPU

7.2.3Throughput

7.2.3(Time sharing processing)CPUTime Slice50msCPUI/OBlocked QueueCPUCPUCPUCPU

7.2.3CPUCPU

7.2.3(Response time)

7.2.4(VLSI)CPU (Real-time processing) (Multiprocessor)(Distributed processing)

7.2.4(Real-time processing)Response TimeHard Real TimeSoft Real TimeCPU

7.2.4 (Multiprocessor)CPUMultiprocessor SystemsCPUCPUParallel SystemCPUTightly Coupled System

7.2.4CPUGraceful DegradationCPUFail Soft

7.2.4(1)CPU(2)CPUSynchronous(1)Symmetric Multiprocessing (2)Asymmetric MultiprocessingCPUCPUCPUCPUCPUMaster ProcessorCPUSlave Processor

7.2.4(Distributed processing)Distributed SystemsCommunication Lines

7.2.4CPU(local memory)(Loosely Coupled System)(Transparency) Network Operating SystemsNOSDistributed Operating SystemsDOS(NOS)FTPWWW(DOS)

7.2.5

7.2.5PC

7.3CPUCPUCPUCPUCPUCPUCPU(Terminology)(Process)CPU(Process)(Program)CPU

7.3CPU(New)Job(Ready)CPUCPUReady(Running)CPU(Waiting)I/OCPUWaiting(Terminated)

7.3CPU(Running)7-15

7.3CPU(1) ReadyJobReady(2) CPU(Scheduler)Ready(3) (Interrupt)ReadyCPU(4) I/OWaiting(5) I/OReadyCPU(6)

7.3CPU(Throughput)CPUCPU(Thread)(Thread)(Multi-Threading)CPUIEWindowsIEIEIEIEIE6IEIE

7.3.1(Schedule)CPUCPU(Schedule algorithm)(Scheduler)CPUCPU(Process Scheduling)CPUCPUI/O(process)I/O(I/O Bound Process)I/OCPUCPU(CPU Bound Process)CPUI/O

7.3.1

7.3.1(1)(Long-term scheduler)(Job scheduler)JobReadyCPU(Degree of multiprogramming)

7.3.1(2) (Short-term scheduler)ReadyCPUCPU(CPU scheduler)CPUCPUCPUI/OReadyCPUCPU(3)(Medium-term scheduler)CPUReadyCPU(Swapping)Ready(swap out)CPUReady(swap in)

7.3.2CPUCPU(1)First-Come-First-ServicedFCFSReadyReadyFIFO(First-In-First-Out)(2)PriorityReady(3)Round-RobinRRRRCPU

7.3.2(4)Shortest-Job-FirstSJFCPUSJFCPU(5)Shortest-Remaining-Time-FirstSRTFSRTFCPUCPUCPUReadySRTFSJF(preemptive SJF)SJFCPU(non- preemptive)SRTF(preemptive)SJFSRTF

7.3.2SJFSRTF

7.4CPUCPU

7.4.1

7.4.1(Monoprogramming)7-18(Kernel)(Monitor)

7.4.1

7.4.1(Monoprogramming with Overlay)720KB640KB(Overlay)

7.4.1Pro.EXE720 KB640 KBPro.EXE(overlay)O_Pro.EXEO_Pro1.OVLO_Pro2.OVL260 KB240 KB270 KBPro.EXEO_Pro.EXEO_Pro1.OVLO_Pro2.OVLO_Pro1.OVL260KB+240KB=500KBO_Pro2.OVL260KB+270KB=530KB640KB

7.4.18088/80286MS-DOS640KBMS-DOSEMSXMSWindows

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)(Partition)(Fixed Partition)7-21

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)(Internal Fragmentation)(External Fragmentation)300K240K64K80K20K7-2220K220K

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)480K64K220K7-23480K2(360K128K)480K480K360K128K

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)(Variable Partition)(dynamic storage allocation)

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)

7.4.2(Multiprogramming)7-2440320KP5(Variable partition with compaction)7-24320KP57-25

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Paging)(Segmentation)(Segmentation with Paging)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Paging) (1)(Physical memory)(2)(Logical memory)(Virtual memory)(Frame)(Page)(Logical address)(Physical address)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Page numberP)(displacement/offsetdo)(Frame numberF)(displacement/offsetdo)(Page Table)7-267-27

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)7-28

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Page Fault)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)2KB4KB

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Segmentation) Logical FunctionSegment(Logical address)(Physical address)(Segment numberS)(displacement/offsetdo)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Segment Table)(Length)(Base)7-30

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Compaction)

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)7-32

7.4.3(Virtual Memory)(Segmentation with Paging) (Segmentation with Paging)7-33

7.5CPU(Seek Time)(Rotational Delay)(Transfer Time)4.3.3(seek time)(Disk Scheduling)(First-Come-First-ServedFCFS)(Short-Seek-Time-FitsSSTF)(SCAN)(Circular-ScanC-SCAN)(LOOK)(C-LOOK)

7.5(First-Come-First-ServedFCFS)FCFSCPUFCFS(Short-Seek-Time-FitsSSTF)SSTFSSTF(Starvation)

7.5(SCAN)

7.5(Circular-ScanC-SCAN)(LOOK)(C-LOOK)