منهج المحاسبة

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ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ- ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ١٦ - ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ- ٢٠٠٠ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ٧ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻡ- ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﻋﺩﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ، ﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀـﺭ ﻭﻗﺕ) Keller and Zeff, P.43 ( ﺤﻴـﺙ، ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻭﻀﺢAAA ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺘﻭﺼل ﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺒل ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ) Hakansson, P. 717 ( ﻫـﺫﺍ ﻭﻴﻌـﺯﻯ، ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﻕ. ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ، ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ، ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ. ﻟﻠﻤـﺩﺨل ﺍﻻﺘﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺒﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠل ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ. ﻟـﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻫـﻭ ﻤـﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍﺴﺨﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻠﺢ ﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍ ﻟﺘﻔﺴـﻴﺭ ﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﺕ ﺒل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ. ﻋﻠﻡ ﺇﺨﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﻓﺭﺍ ﺭﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ، ﻤﺸﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻟﺤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺠﻌل ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ ﻤﺸﻴﺔ ﺃﺘﻘﻨﺕ ﻓﻼ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺒﻘﺕ. ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻭﺼل ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻌﻤﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﻥ ﻫﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻲ، ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﺸﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﻴﻤﺜﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ. ﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ١ - ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ. ٢ - ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل. ٣ - ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل. ٤ - ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل.

description

الدكتور حسين القاضي

Transcript of منهج المحاسبة

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