第 22 讲 弱电解质的电离
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Transcript of 第 22 讲 弱电解质的电离
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22
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1()
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2
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3(1) (2)
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[]1[]c(H)c(OH)2.K
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1(1)HAHA HAK (2)BOH BOH BOHK
eq \f(cHcA,cHA)
eq \f(cOHcB,cBOH)
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2(1)KK (2)K (3)K1K2
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[]3HFHNO27.21044.6104HFHNO2[]HFHFHNO2NaFNaNO2pH?
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10.1 molL1 CH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOH()ABNaOHC0.1 molL1 HClc(H)DCH3COONa B
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2(K) ()A(K)B(K)C(K)DK1K2K3A
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D
3 ()
ANaHSO4NaHSOeq \o\al(2,4)
BNaHCO3===NaHCOeq \o\al(2,3)
CHClO===HClO
DH2SHHSHSHS2
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4(1) ()(2) ()(3) ()(4) ()(5)()
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5 HNO3
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6CH3COOHNH3H2OBaSO4Al(OH)3
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
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pH
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2HA
(1)0.01mol L-1HApHpH=2HApH2HA(2)NaApHpH=7HApH7HA(3)HAHCl()HCl(4)pHHAHClpHpHHCl(5)pHHAH2H2H2H2(6)pHHAHAHAHA
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1(2011)(HX)()A0.1 mol/L HXpHpH1HXBNaXpH7HXC1 mol/L NaXpHpH7HXD0.1 mol/L0.1 mol/LHXHXHXB
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2 0.1 mol/LCH3COOHCH3COOH H++CH3COO-(-)
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c(CH3COOH)c(CH3COO-)c(H+)HClNaOHZn
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2(2011)0.1 molL-1pH=apH=(a+1)()A10BC0.2 mol L-1DB
- (1)(2)pH(3)CH3COOHCH3COO-+H+10c(H+)pH1H+c(H+)pH1pH
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3.KOHHClCH3COOHNH3H2OHClCH3COOH( )3D
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HClHAcNH3H2OHClNH4ClHClHAcNH4AcHClHAcNH3H2O D
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CH3COOHNH3H2OH2O(CH3COO)2PbHgCl2
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B
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AABKa=c(CH3COO-)c(H+)/c(CH3COOH)c(H+)=KW/c(OH-)c(CH3COO-)KW/c(CH3COOH)c(OH-)=KaKWBCc(H+)CD10 mL pH=11NaOHpH7D
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D
2.(2011)0.1 molL1 HF( )
Ac(H) BKa(HF)
C.eq \f(cF,cH) D.eq \f(cH,cHF)
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B
3.0.1 mol/LHA0.1%( )
ApH4
BpH
C1107
DHAc(H)c(H)106
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HAc(H)0.10.1% molL1104 molL1pH4AHAc(H)pHBCKeq \f(cHcA,cHA)1107Cc(H)104molL1c(H)1010molL1106D
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4.1 LpH20.65 g( )C
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5.(2011)H2AH2BHA-HB-( )ANaHB+H2A===H2B+NaHABNa2B+H2A===H2B+Na2ACH2B+Na2A===Na2B+H2ADH2B+NaHA===NaHB+H2AA
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6.(2011)( )A.c(H+)>B.100pHC.pH=7D.c(CH3COO-)>c(H+)>c(Na+)>c(OH-)V(NaOH)>V(CH3COOH)D
0.1 mol/L NaOHpH=11 NaOH0.1 mol/L CH3COOHpH=3 CH3COOH
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7.(2011)( )ApH=3c(Cl-)pH=3c(CH3COO-)BpHc(H+)C0.1 mol/L0.1 mol/LDpH=11NaOHpH=11100pHC