1

(Introduction to Computer Graphics)

6.

2.

3.

5.

4.

7.

1.

(Computer Graphics)

(processor) (Peripheral)

(Computer Graphics) (CG)

. . 1940

. . 1950 (MIT)

Whirlwind CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

SAGE (Semi - Automatic Ground Environment)

SAGE

Whirlwind MIT

. . 1950 - 1960

. . 1963 (Ivan Sutherland)

CRT

. . 1960 1963 Sketchpad

Sketchpad CRT,

Sketchpad

. . 1965

(IBM) 100,000

. . 1968 (Tektronix)

(Storage - Tube CRT)

( 15,000 ) 5

. . 1970

(Steven Coons, 1966) (Pierre Bazier, 1972)

3

10

ENIAC

EDVAC UNIVAC

SAGE GUI (CAD)

ENIAC

(Bit mapped)

(1 0 )

Picture Element (Pixel)

(Resolution)

X Y

( ) ( )

(Vector)

. . 1979 (GSPC :

Graphic Standard Planning Committee)

CORE (Core Graphic System)

3

(DIN : West German National Standard)

GKS 2

GKS GKS

3 . . 1982 GKS

(International Graphics Community)

CORE GKS

PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interface Graphics Standard)

3

(Interactive Graphics Environment) CAD/CAM

(Solid Model) (Simulation)

PHIGS

PHIGS PHIGS+

GKS GKS-3D Silicon

GraphicsGL

(Graphics Library) GL

GL

GL OpenGL (Open Graphics Library)

(hardware-independent)

OpenGL Architecture Review Board

OpenGL

(Package)

Photoshop CS DesignCAD

(Simulation)

CAD : Computer - Aided Design )

Graph)

Art)

CAI : Computer Assisted Instruction)

Animation)

(Image Processing)

(Simulation)

(Games)

(Movie)

(Multimedia)

(VR : Virtual Reality)

(Devices in Graphics System)

.

2.

3.

.

4.

1.

(Input devices)

(Output devices)

CRT )

(Keyboard) :

ECMA-23

:

Dvorak Elite

:

(Mouse &

Trackball) :

(icon)

(Mechanical)

(Optical)

:

(LightPens &

Touchscreens)

(phosphor)

: LightPens &

Touchscreens

(Photonic)

(Electrical)

: LightPens &

Touchscreens

Bit Pad Digitizing Tablet :

stylus puck

puck

X-Y

puck

: Bit Pad /

Digitizing Tablet

(Joystick) :

:

(Joystick)

(Scanner) :

:

(Scanner)

API (Application Programming Interface)

(Operating Systems) API

(Device Dependent)

(Device Independent)

(Output Device)

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

(Raster-Scan Architecture)

” (Video Controller) (Display Controller)

(Video

Controller)

OpenGL) x y

xmax

ymax

(Video

Controller)

x y

CRT x

x y

(Video

Controller)

(Video

Controller)

(Display Processor)

(Graphic Controller) (Display

Coprocessor)

scan conversion

CRT

” (scan line)

-

” (refresh buffer) ” (frame

(Raster Scan)

” (color buffer)

(Raster Scan)

(Raster Scan)

(Random Scan)

CRT

(vector) stroke-writing calligraphic

(Random Scan)

(Random Scan)

” (beam-penetration)

(R : Red)

CRT

(beam acceleration voltage)

CRT

Shadow-mask

Shadow-mask

(R ) (G) (B) “RGB”

CRT

Shadow-mask -CRT

Shadow-mask

Shadow-mask

Shadow-mask

(in-line) - -

CRT

Shadow-mask -

CRT

(Flat-Panel Display)

(Flat-panel Display) ,

CRT CRT

, , ,

(Flat-Panel Display)

2 emissive

nonemissive emissive ( emitter)

(plasma), thin-film electroluminescent light-emitting diodes

nonemissive ( nonemitter)

(Flat-Panel Display)

(Plasma Panel) gas-discharge

2

( ) 60

(Plasma Panel)

(Plasma Panel)

Thin-film electroluminescent

(electrode)

Thin-film

electroluminescent

Thin-film electroluminescent

Thin-film

electroluminescent

LED (Light-Emitting Diodes) emissive

CRT

LED (Light-Emitting Diodes)

LED LED

LED (Light-Emitting

Diodes)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD

CRT

LCD

LCD active-matrix LCD (AMLCD)

TFT (Thin Film Transistor) passive-matrix LCD STN

(Super Twisted Nematic) DSTN (Dual-Scan Twisted Nematic)

LCD TFT active

LCD

LCD

LCD

3 CRT

CRT

Genisco SpaceGraph 25x25x25 . .

2

(ultrasonography) CRT

3 (Stereoscopic)

3

3

( )

3

3

3

(Headset) (optical system)

3

(sensing system)

(Data grove)

3 (head-tracking device)

(ultrasound tracking device) 6

(Printer) :

(Printer)

(Plotter) :

(A A

(Plotter)