Post on 16-Dec-2015
World War IWorld War I
Mr. Owen
AP – Euro
Spring 2010
Causes of the Great War
Nationalism – Pride in one’s country
Imperialism– Stronger nation takes over weaker nation
Militarism– Military power and keeping an army
prepared for war Alliances
Toward Mass Armies and Industrial War
Industrializations effect on War Weapons Transportation Naval Power Arms-Race KEYPOINT The outcome of a protracted war between
industrial powers depended less on rifle strength in the first battles than on industrial might and financial stamina.
Assassination in Sarajevo
Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914
Austria-Hungarian Response
Austria-Hungary issues a 10-Point Ultimatum to Serbia– Serbia accepts all but 1 of the demands
July 28th Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia– Starts World War I
Lost Land
The Great War
Expectation Unexpected War Introduction to Total War
The Alliance SystemThe Alliance SystemTriple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Militarism & Arms RaceMilitarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
The Battle Front
Schlieffen Plan
Why Plan Goal
Schlieffen Plan
Indecisive Offensives: 1914–1915
The Break down of the Schlieffen Plan– Overly
Calculated– Belgian
Resistance– British
Support
Indecisive Offensives: 1914–1915
Initial Strategic Set Back – Westward
swing fails– British and
French Attack
– Result
The Race to the Sea
Allies and Central Powers try to out flank each other
A Multi-Front War
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
Trench Warfare
Artillery
Artillery
Conditions in the Trenches
Lice Hunting
Conditions in the Trenches
The Industrial and Geographic Factors
Strategic Mobility – Use of RR
Immobility– Lack of Transport– Supplies run out– Defenders always faster– Communication
The Industrial and Geographic Factors
Industrial Might Geographic Factors
– Central Powers Advantage
– Central Powers Disadvantage
War of Attrition 1915-1916
Western Front
Western Front– German failed offensive– Allied goal– 1915 Death toll:
• French 1,500,000
• Britain 300,000
• Germany 875,000
Western Front
Battle of Verdun– February 21, 1916– German Offensive– Characteristics of Fighting– Death toll
Western Front Battle of Somme
– July 1916– British were ineffective
• 60,000 die in one day!
• Over 1,000,000 in 5 months
– Death Toll
Advancements In War
Machine Guns
Defensive WeaponsTrench Warfare
Suppressing fire
Offensive WeaponsLewis Gun
600 rounds per minute 47 round clips Effective up to 600m
Lewis
Vickers
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
The Tank
Airplanes and Aircraft
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
U-BoatsU-Boats
Chemical Weapons
The Home Front
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Financing the WarFinancing the War
Financing the WarFinancing the War
American PosterAmerican Poster
For RecruitmentFor Recruitment
Eastern Front
Russian “Steamroller” stopped– Victory at Tannenberg
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
The United States Enters the War
January 1917 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Note
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!