Top 25 Must Know Facts

For the Biology Midterm

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Biology

• Is the study of life– Branches include

• Zoology• Botany• Anatomy• Genetics

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Metric System

• Based on 10’s– Used by scientists because its simplier,

and so everyone uses a common system• Mass- grams• Volume- liters• Distance- meters

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Taxonomy

• Is the study of classification

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Life

• There are five key characteristics of life– Made of cells– Growth– Response to stimuli– Adapts to environment– Reproduces QuickTime™ and a

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Atoms

• Atoms have three main parts– Proton– Neutrons– Electrons

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Water

• Is the universal solvent– Because it dissolves so many things

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More water…

• Hydrophilic– Likes water

• Hydrophobic• Fears water

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pH• pH scale measures acids and bases

– >7 is a base– <7 is an acid– 7 is neutral

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Macromolecules

• There are three main macromolecules– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Fats

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Carbs• Carbohydrates are simple sugars

– They are used for energy• Plants use them for structure

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Proteins

• Proteins are made of amino acids– Used for many things in the body

• Hair• Enzymes• Muscle• Skin QuickTime™ and a

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Lipids

• Fats– Used for energy storage, insulation,

cushioning, and cell membranes

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Cells

• Eukaryotes have organelles• Prokaryotes have no organelles

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Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of the cell– Makes ATP

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Nucleus

• Contains DNA

Ribosomes

• Make proteins

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Cell membrane

• Made out of phospholipds– Controls what enters and leaves the cell– Contains proteins that help transport things

across

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Plant Cells

• Unlike animal cells, have cell walls and chloroplasts.

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Water Balance

• Hypotonic–Solution outside cel has too little salt (High

water conc.)• Cell can burst

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Water Balance

•Hypertonic–Solution outside cell has too much salt

»Cell will shrivel up

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Water Balance (Last slide for Bio)

• Isotonic– Solute inside/outside cell is in balance

• Animal cells like this

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Enzymes

• Are made of proteins– Catalyze chemical reactions– Function depends on shape

Photosynthesis

• Plants make sugar from sunlight and air– Needs: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Sunlight– Makes: Sugar, oxygen

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Respiration• Both plants and animals

– Takes Place in mitochondria– Makes ATP from glucose– Carbon dioxide is waste product

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