Post on 08-Apr-2018
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Unique ecosystem. Generally found along sheltered coasts.
Grow abundantly in saline soil and brackish water subject to
periodic fresh-water and salt-water inundation.
Have specific characteristics such as tough root systems, special
bark and leaf structures and other unique adaptations to enablethem to survive in their habitat's harsh conditions.
Habitat is soft, silty and shallow, coupled with the endless ebb and
flow of water providing very little support for most mangrove
plants which have aerial or prop roots (known as
pneumatophores, or respiratory roots) and buttressed trunks.
Despite its smelly reputation, a mangrove forest is a very dynamic
and highly productive ecosystem. It not only plays multiple
ecological functions essential to its surrounding habitats, but is
also an important resource for coastal communities.
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FAMILY GENUS COMMON NAME
Acanthaceae,
Avicenniaceae or
Verbenaceae
Avicennia, 9 Black mangrove
CombretaceaeCombretaceae Conocarpus, 1Laguncularia, 11
Lumnitzera, 2
Buttonwood, Whitemangrove
Arecaceae Nypa, 1 Mangrove palm
Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera, 6
Ceriops, 2
Kandelia, 1Rhizophora, 8
Red mangrove
Lythraceae Sonneratia, 5 Mangrove apple
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FAMILY GENUS
Acanthaceae Acanthus, 1 Bravaisia, 2
Bombacaceae Camptostemon, 2
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis, 1
Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria, 2
Lecythidaceae Barringtonia, 6
Lythraceae Pemphis, 1
Meliaceae Xylocarpus, 2
Myrsinaceae Aegiceras, 2
Myrtaceae Osbornia, 1
Pellicieraceae Pelliciera, 1
Plumbaginaceae Aegialitis, 2
Pteridaceae Acrostichum, 3
Rubiaceae Scyphiphora, 1
Sterculiaceae Heritiera, 3
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0
24
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
9
14
1
17
5
3 21
2
6
12 2 1 1
2 31
3
GENUS VS FAMILY
genus
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Combretaceae
Lythraceae
Arecaceae
Rhizophoraceae
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Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa
Lumnitzera littorea has red flowers whereas
Lumnitzera racemosa has white flowers.Both species have flat and spoon-shaped
(spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips.
Lumnitzera racemosa dominates in thewestern part of the range and L. littoreadominates in the east. Hybrids occur withinthe zone of overlap.
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Direction to the land
Nipa palm has a horizontaltrunk
Leaves and flower stalkgrow upwards above the
surface Lowers are a globular
inflorescence of femaleflowers
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1. LeavesObovate, with a width almost equal to thelength, apex is often rounded oremarginated, but sometimes the apex shows asmall pointed end.
2. Flowers and Fruits
Flowers are rather large (in comparison to theother Kenyan mangrove species), rangingbetween 2 and 4 cm in length. S. alba can easilybe recognized by the numerous white stamens.Flowers open in the evening and are pollinatedby bats. Flowers are usually already spent in the
morning. Fruits are globous, up to 5 cm indiameter.
3. RootsPneumatophores reaching 1 m, but moretypically 30 cm height are encountered in themangroves of Gazi bay, Kenya.
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Leaves are opposite
decussate, simple with short
petiole, conspicuous, prominent
reddish midrid at base.
Fruit a berry green with six
persistent calyx lobes at maturity
flat with sharp pointed long style. Germination epigeal, not
viviparous
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oLeaves opposite
decussate, simple
, petioles longoLeaves have
pointed apex
oPropagules long
measuring 30
cmto 40 cm, dark
green
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Vivipari (vegetative)
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Many fish, shrimp and crabs for commercial
value.
Log wood, boat and build house
Fish trap, souvenir
Medicinal plant
Charcoal
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Mangrove forest has several family and
each family have their own species. Thespecies have their own characteristic that
help us to identify and compare with
other species. Mangrove forest also havetheir usage that can give us benefit.