Water Services Department

Jessi Veach, URS

Overland Park, KS

Kansas City’s Green Solutions CSO Control Project: Integrating Water Quality Control and Neighborhood Renewal

Padmavathi Iyengar,

Overflow Control Program

Water Services Department

Kansas City, MO

Presented by:

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• Reduce Combined Sewer Overflows and

Eliminate Sanitary Sewer overflows into

the receiving streams.

• Achieve up to 98% capture of wet weather flows from each combined sewer basin.

• Performance criteria for wet weather capture is to maintain and limit up to 7

typical year overflow events for specific outfalls.

• Green Infrastructure and Distributed Storage ; Control measures applied in the

combined sewer system areas to achieve the desired reduction of overflows

Consent Decree

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City of Kansas City, MO

1st Largest Green

Infrastructure Pilot

Project

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1st Largest Green

Infrastructure Pilot

Project

Middle Blue River Basin

Water Services Department

Project: Middle Blue Distributed Storage/ Green Infrastructure Pilot Project

Design Professional: URS Corporation

Notice to Proceed: September, 2009

100% Plan: December, 2010

Construction: Mega Industries

Notice to Proceed: May, 2011

Achievement of full operation: November, 2012

URS

Water Services DepartmentPhotos: David Dods, URS

Jessi Veach

URS Corporation, Overland Park, Kansas

Technical Approaches and Emerging Lessons

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The Green Solutions Pilot Project

• Testing Green Infrastructure to control CSOs

• Reducing stormwater flows to combined sewers

• Incorporate community benefits to gain neighborhood support

Photos: David Dods, URS; Richard Johannes

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100 acres

150+ locations

370,000 gallons storage

Retrofitting Green Infrastructure onto Every Street

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And Transforming a Neighborhood in the Process

Photos: David Dods, URS

BeforeAfter

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What is Green Infrastructure?

Gardens /

Landscaping

Porous

Pavements

Rainwater

Capture

Photo: Erin Olig, Shockey Consulting

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Green Infrastructure Types in this Project

Photos: David Dods, URS

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Rain Garden

Photos: L) David Dods, URS; R) Erin Olig, Shockey Consulting

Retrofitting between existing curb & sidewalk

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Porous Sidewalk

&

Raised Curb

Photo: David Dods, URS

New Curbs and Porous Sidewalk

Rain Garden

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Porous Sidewalk

&

Raised Curb

Photos: Jessi Veach and David Dods, URS

Bioretention Gardens

Rain Gardens with Permeable Soil and Underdrains

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Photo: David Dods, URS

Cascade: Stair-Stepped Gardens on Steep Streets

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Photo: David Dods, URS

Porous Concrete Sidewalks

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Photos: David Dods and Jessi Veach, URS

See where

water soaked

in

Porous Concrete Sidewalk

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• Stormwater Collection Focal

Points

Photos: Todd Bond and David Dods, URS

Curb Extensions with Below-Grade Storage

• Traffic Calming

• Porous Sidewalks

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Photo: Erin Olig, Shockey Consulting

1. Detention

2. Infiltration

3. Controlled release to

sewer

13

2

1

Curb Extension with Below Grade Storage

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Troost Avenue: Little Greenspace; Lots of Utilities

Pervious Sidewalks + Below Grade Storage

Photos: David Dods, URS

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Pilot Testing Design Details

• This project is large enough to really learn something

• Lots of design features are being tested

• Improve performance

• Identify best

approaches for rest of

City and others

• Reduce future costs

Photo: Jessi Veach, URS

Water Services Department

Inlets and Forebays

Photos: David Dods, URS

• Stormwater moves sediment, trash, leaves, acorns…

• Keep garden beds from plugging

• Make maintenance easier

• Keep debris out of sewers

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Photos: David Dods, URS

Underdrains

Slotted Pipe Vs. SmartDrain

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Lessons Learned

Photo: Todd Bond, URS

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Distributed Storage

• Diversity is good - type, size, distribution

• Not “all eggs in one basket”

• If one piece fails, the system doesn’t

Photos: Todd Bond, URS; David Dods, URS

Detention

Storage

Porous

Pavements

Vegetated Infiltration

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Constructability & Flexible Design

• Unanticipated utility conflicts are common in urban areas

• Quickly adjusted in the field if standard, or off-the-shelf

materials are used

Photo: David Dods, URS

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Soils, Garden Construction, & Infiltration

• Compaction is the enemy of infiltration

• Garden bed prep is very important

• Restore soil structure, add organic matter, keep equipment

off

Photos: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Photos: David Dods, URS

Soils (cont)

Infiltration happened even before planting (in clay soils)

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Photos: Jessi Veach, URS

• Testing the plants

most commonly

used in KC

• Drought was a

great opportunity

to see what is

really hardy and

sustainable

Plants

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Cost Elements

Photos: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Photos: David Dods, URS

• Visual/tangible appreciation for tax dollar expenditures

• You are tearing up streets…with Green Infrastructure

residents can see the improvements

Public Involvement

Building support for public infrastructure projects

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What’s Working

Photo: David Dods, URS

• Goal is 80% flow rate

reduction in 1.4” storm

• Visual inspections show

BMPs functioning as

intended

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What’s Working

Photos: Jessi Veach, URS

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Neighborhood Improvements

Photos: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Photo: David Dods, URS

Neighborhood Improvements

Water Services Department

Photo: David Dods, URS

Neighborhood Improvements

Water Services Department

Neighborhood Improvements

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Neighborhood Improvements

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Neighborhood Improvements

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Neighborhood Improvements

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

For More Info:

Jessi Veach

jessi.veach@urs.com

913-344-1029

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Performance Evaluation of Stormwater

Best Management Practices

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

• Mid-America Regional Council (MARC)

• TetraTech

• University of Alabama

• University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC)

• US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

Advanced Drainage Concepts Team

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Small Scale Monitoring

• Sub-basin delineation

• Green Infrastructure Monitoring Sites

• Hydraulics Monitoring (Flow Rate; Water Quality

Monitoring)

Large Scale Monitoring

• Flow monitoring locations

• Hydrology

Pilot Vs. Control

ADC Approach

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Sub-Basin Delineation

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Total number of vegetated BMPs = 135

Total number of monitoring stations = 10

Number of vegetated BMP configurations

monitored = 5

• Curb Extension w/ Rain Garden

• Rain Garden

• Bioretention w/ Smart Drain

• Cascade Swale

• Private Rain Gardens

Green Infrastructure Monitoring

Insert picture…

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Green Infrastructure Monitoring Sites

Legend

Cascade Swale

Curb Extension w/ Rain Garden

Private Rain Garden

Rain Garden

Bioretention w/ Smart Drain

Pilot Project Area Watershed

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Influent runoff characteristics were

measured but, effluent measurement

was unsuccessful due to proper

functioning of the vegetated BMPs.

Water Quality Monitoring

Photo: David Dods, URS

Water Services Department

Model: WinSLAMM

“Source Loading And Management Model”

Important Feature: Calculates sources of flows and pollutants of interest for

the study area under different rain conditions.

The following information was used to calibrate the model:

1. Land use characteristics and infiltration measurements.

2. Site specific rainfall runoff data during the monitoring period from

hydrograph separation.

Large Scale Monitoring

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Site Characteristics

Project area is a medium density study area of 100 acres. Constructed pre-

1960, the area encompasses 600 homes and relatively small portions of

commercial corridor and educational institute.

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Infiltration rate:1 to 10 inches/ hour for a rainfall duration of up to 2 hours.

Critical design storm for OCP: 1.37 inches/ hour

Duration-Infiltration Rates for Surface Soils

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Flow monitoring locations

Pilot area flow meter

Control area Flow meters

CSO Outfall BR069

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Observed Volume Vs. Modeled Volume

Observed Volume (ft3)

Mo

de

led

Vo

lum

e (

ft3)

The graph shows WinSLAMM model accuracy.

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Pilot Vs. ControlP

ilo

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Co

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ol

Ra

tio

Construction period after relining

Water Services Department

Pilot: 100 acres

Control: 86 acres

Pre- and Post Improvements

Before re-lining (initial baseline)

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Next Phases

Total Area=644 acres

Total Volume Capture=2.52 MG

Design storm= 1.37 inch/hour

Sub-Basins Outfalls

Arleta Park 069

Rachael Morado

Colonial Point 059

Tower Park

BR069

BR059

Water Services Department

Questions?