1/25/11

1

JapanBuildsanEmpireChapter 17, Section 3

JapaneseMilitarism•  JapaneseparliamentarydemocracywasweakenedbytheDepression.•  Themilitarywasdissa8sfiedwiththeresultsofarmscontrolconferencesliketheWashingtonNavalConferenceof1922.

•  Na8onalistsbackedbythemilitarybegantodemandareturntotradi8onalwaysandtheabandonmentofwesternculture.

TheManchurianIncident•  TheJapanesehomeislandslackedroomandresourcesforitsgrowingpopula8on‐Manchuriahadboth.–  InMarch1931,theJapanesearmyclaimedthatChineseforceshadtriedto

blowupaJapanesecontrolledrailwayline.

–  TheJapaneseArmyconquersManchuriaandsetsupapuppetgovernment.

–  ThesuccessfulconquestofManchuriaincreasedthepres8geoftheArmyinJapanesesocietyanditspoweroverthegovernment.

WarAgainstChina•  In1937,JapanresumeditsaLackonChina.

–  TheJapanesearmyconqueredmuchofnortheasternChina.

–  TheRapeofNanjingresultsinthedeathofatleast100,000civiliansatthehandsoftheJapanesearmy.

TheGreaterEastAsiaCo‐ProsperitySphere•  SimilartoHitler’s“lebensraum,”–  itstakedoutanareafromManchuriainthenorthtotheDutchEastIndiesinthesouththatwouldbeledbyJapan.

•  JapanannounceditwouldliberateAsiafromEuropeancolonizers.

•  Inreality,Japanwantedaccesstotheareatobeabletoexploititsnaturalresources.

FromIsolaAonismtoWar

Chapter17,Sec8on4

1/25/11

2

TheNeutralityActs•  CongresspassesaseriesofNeutralityActsin1935,1936and1937inresponsetoeventsintheSpanishCivilWarandChina.

•  TheywereintendedtopreventtheUnitedStatesfrombecominginvolvedinawar.

•  Thelaws:–  bannedthesaleofweaponstona8onsatwar.

–  bannedloaningmoneytona8onsatwar.

–  allowedthesaleofnonmilitarygoodstowarringna8onsonlyiftheypayincashandtransportitthemselves(CashandCarry).

Even Dr. Seuss wanted to go to war.

AmericaFirstCommiCee•  TheNeutralityLawshadwidespreadpublicsupport.•  Over800,000joinedtheAmericaFirstCommiLee,whichopposedthecon8nuedsaleofwarmaterialtoGreatBritainaeerthefallofFrance.

•  Publicopinionbegantoshieawayfromneutralityasthewarbegantogoagainsttheallies.

“I hear your cry for help, French Dude.”

FDRSupportstheAllies•  CongressrepealedthearmsembargoaeertheinvasionofPoland.

•  AmericanshipswerealsoallowedtocarrygoodstoGreatBritain.

•  CongresspassedtheLendLeaseActinMarch1941.–  allowingtheUnitedStatestoloanmoneyandweaponstoGreatBritain.

RelaAonsWithJapan•  Summer1940‐FDRbannedthesellingofscrapmetaltoJapaninresponsetotheongoingwarinChina.

•  Summer1941‐JapantakesadvantageofthefallofFranceandseizescompletecontrolofFrenchIndochina(Vietnam).

•  Summer1941–FDRfreezesthefinancialassetsofJapanplacesanembargoonthesaleofoiltoJapan.

No scrap metal from the United States means no scrap metal

Yoda for the Japanese.

TheRoadtoPearlHarbor•  U.S.economicsanc8onsforceJapantoconsideramilitarysolu8ontoitsneedsfornaturalresources.

•  TheDutchEastIndieswereamajorsourceofoilandotherimportantresources.•  Japanfearedtheinterven8onoftheU.S.PacificFleetiftheytriedtoseizeit.

•  TheJapanesenavydevelopedaplantodestroytheUSPacificFleetinPearlHarbor.

The best defense is a

good offense.

“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”•  TheaircraecarriersoftheImperialJapaneseNavyaLackedPearlHarborshortlyaeer7:00AMonDecember7,1941.

•  Surprisewascomplete.•  Nearly200USaircraeweredestroyedontheground.

•  2400mendiedand1200werewounded.

•  8baLleshipswerebadlydamagedorsunk.

•  Japanlost29aircraeintheaLack.

Pearl Harbor is one of the most studied and talked

about events in U.S. History.

The movie did not live in infamy, but mediocrity.

1/25/11

3

•  “Ifearallwehavedoneistoawakenasleepinggiantandfillhimwithaterribleresolve.”‐YamamotoIsoroku

What is significant about Japan’s geography that spurred them to expand?

Which country was the first victim of Japan’s expansionist policy?

The sacking of which city because known for Japanese brutality?

During the rise of Japan (and Germany), what actions was the United States taking in response?

Briefly describe the reasons for Japan’s attack on the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.