Japan Builds an Empire Japanese Militarism...
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1/25/11 1 Japan Builds an Empire Chapter 17, Section 3 Japanese Militarism • Japanese parliamentary democracy was weakened by the Depression. • The military was dissa8sfied with the results of arms control conferences like the Washington Naval Conference of 1922. • Na8onalists backed by the military began to demand a return to tradi8onal ways and the abandonment of western culture. The Manchurian Incident • The Japanese home islands lacked room and resources for its growing popula8on ‐ Manchuria had both. – In March 1931, the Japanese army claimed that Chinese forces had tried to blow up a Japanese controlled railway line. – The Japanese Army conquers Manchuria and sets up a puppet government. – The successful conquest of Manchuria increased the pres8ge of the Army in Japanese society and its power over the government. War Against China • In 1937, Japan resumed its aLack on China. – The Japanese army conquered much of northeastern China. – The Rape of Nanjing results in the death of at least 100,000 civilians at the hands of the Japanese army. The Greater East Asia Co‐Prosperity Sphere • Similar to Hitler’s “lebensraum,” – it staked out an area from Manchuria in the north to the Dutch East Indies in the south that would be led by Japan. • Japan announced it would liberate Asia from European colonizers. • In reality, Japan wanted access to the area to be able to exploit its natural resources. From IsolaAonism to War Chapter 17, Sec8on 4
Transcript of Japan Builds an Empire Japanese Militarism...
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JapanBuildsanEmpireChapter 17, Section 3
JapaneseMilitarism• JapaneseparliamentarydemocracywasweakenedbytheDepression.• Themilitarywasdissa8sfiedwiththeresultsofarmscontrolconferencesliketheWashingtonNavalConferenceof1922.
• Na8onalistsbackedbythemilitarybegantodemandareturntotradi8onalwaysandtheabandonmentofwesternculture.
TheManchurianIncident• TheJapanesehomeislandslackedroomandresourcesforitsgrowingpopula8on‐Manchuriahadboth.– InMarch1931,theJapanesearmyclaimedthatChineseforceshadtriedto
blowupaJapanesecontrolledrailwayline.
– TheJapaneseArmyconquersManchuriaandsetsupapuppetgovernment.
– ThesuccessfulconquestofManchuriaincreasedthepres8geoftheArmyinJapanesesocietyanditspoweroverthegovernment.
WarAgainstChina• In1937,JapanresumeditsaLackonChina.
– TheJapanesearmyconqueredmuchofnortheasternChina.
– TheRapeofNanjingresultsinthedeathofatleast100,000civiliansatthehandsoftheJapanesearmy.
TheGreaterEastAsiaCo‐ProsperitySphere• SimilartoHitler’s“lebensraum,”– itstakedoutanareafromManchuriainthenorthtotheDutchEastIndiesinthesouththatwouldbeledbyJapan.
• JapanannounceditwouldliberateAsiafromEuropeancolonizers.
• Inreality,Japanwantedaccesstotheareatobeabletoexploititsnaturalresources.
FromIsolaAonismtoWar
Chapter17,Sec8on4
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TheNeutralityActs• CongresspassesaseriesofNeutralityActsin1935,1936and1937inresponsetoeventsintheSpanishCivilWarandChina.
• TheywereintendedtopreventtheUnitedStatesfrombecominginvolvedinawar.
• Thelaws:– bannedthesaleofweaponstona8onsatwar.
– bannedloaningmoneytona8onsatwar.
– allowedthesaleofnonmilitarygoodstowarringna8onsonlyiftheypayincashandtransportitthemselves(CashandCarry).
Even Dr. Seuss wanted to go to war.
AmericaFirstCommiCee• TheNeutralityLawshadwidespreadpublicsupport.• Over800,000joinedtheAmericaFirstCommiLee,whichopposedthecon8nuedsaleofwarmaterialtoGreatBritainaeerthefallofFrance.
• Publicopinionbegantoshieawayfromneutralityasthewarbegantogoagainsttheallies.
“I hear your cry for help, French Dude.”
FDRSupportstheAllies• CongressrepealedthearmsembargoaeertheinvasionofPoland.
• AmericanshipswerealsoallowedtocarrygoodstoGreatBritain.
• CongresspassedtheLendLeaseActinMarch1941.– allowingtheUnitedStatestoloanmoneyandweaponstoGreatBritain.
RelaAonsWithJapan• Summer1940‐FDRbannedthesellingofscrapmetaltoJapaninresponsetotheongoingwarinChina.
• Summer1941‐JapantakesadvantageofthefallofFranceandseizescompletecontrolofFrenchIndochina(Vietnam).
• Summer1941–FDRfreezesthefinancialassetsofJapanplacesanembargoonthesaleofoiltoJapan.
No scrap metal from the United States means no scrap metal
Yoda for the Japanese.
TheRoadtoPearlHarbor• U.S.economicsanc8onsforceJapantoconsideramilitarysolu8ontoitsneedsfornaturalresources.
• TheDutchEastIndieswereamajorsourceofoilandotherimportantresources.• Japanfearedtheinterven8onoftheU.S.PacificFleetiftheytriedtoseizeit.
• TheJapanesenavydevelopedaplantodestroytheUSPacificFleetinPearlHarbor.
The best defense is a
good offense.
“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”• TheaircraecarriersoftheImperialJapaneseNavyaLackedPearlHarborshortlyaeer7:00AMonDecember7,1941.
• Surprisewascomplete.• Nearly200USaircraeweredestroyedontheground.
• 2400mendiedand1200werewounded.
• 8baLleshipswerebadlydamagedorsunk.
• Japanlost29aircraeintheaLack.
Pearl Harbor is one of the most studied and talked
about events in U.S. History.
The movie did not live in infamy, but mediocrity.
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• “Ifearallwehavedoneistoawakenasleepinggiantandfillhimwithaterribleresolve.”‐YamamotoIsoroku
What is significant about Japan’s geography that spurred them to expand?
Which country was the first victim of Japan’s expansionist policy?
The sacking of which city because known for Japanese brutality?
During the rise of Japan (and Germany), what actions was the United States taking in response?
Briefly describe the reasons for Japan’s attack on the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.
