Investigator Mark Dungy Winona County Sheriff’s Office

S.E.M.N.T.F.

Synthetic Drugs  MDPV

 turbo or bath salts  Mephedrone

 plant food  Synthetic Cannabinoids

 fake weed, fake pot, spice, Deja-Vu, or Kryptonite

Overview

MDPV or Mephedrone Synthetic Cannabinoids

Methods of Ingestion

MDPV and Mepherdrone Synthetic Cannabinoids

  Smoked (MDPV)  Painted on Foil  Pipes  Crumbled on Foil

  Inhaled  Snorted

  Injected  More Common

  Smoked  Pipes  Bongs

MDPV   2011 C 53   (6) Unless specifically excepted

or unless listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such the salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV).

  Sale M.S.S. 152.024, subd. 1(1)   Possession M.S.S. 152.025,

subd. 2(a)(1)

Mephedrone   2011 C 53   Unless specifically excepted or unless

listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such the salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: Cathinone; Methcathinone; 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone); 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone); 4-methoxymethcathinone (methedrone)

  Sale M.S.S. 152.024, subd. 1(1)   Possession M.S.S. 152.025, subd. 2

(a)(1)

Synthetic Cannabinoids   152.027 OTHER CONTROLLED

SUBSTANCE OFFENSES.

  Subd. 6.Sale or possession of synthetic cannabinoids.

  (a) As used in this subdivision, "synthetic cannabinoid" includes any substance included in section 152.02, subdivision 2, clause (7).

  (b) A person who unlawfully sells any amount of a synthetic cannabinoid is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

  (c) A person who unlawfully possesses any amount of a synthetic cannabinoid is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  (d) Notwithstanding any contrary provision in sections 152.021 to 152.025, this subdivision describes the exclusive penalties for the sale and possession of synthetic cannabinoid.

152.02, subdivision 2, clause (7)   (7) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any natural or

synthetic material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of a substance that is a cannabinoid receptor agonist, including, but not limited to, the following substances and their analogs, including isomers, whether optical, positional, or geometric; esters; ethers; salts; and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of the isomers, esters, ethers, or salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:

  1-pentyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-007), (2-Methyl-1-propyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone (JWH-015), 1-Pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018), 1-hexyl-3-(naphthalen-1-oyl)indole (JWH-019), 1-Butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073), 4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-081), 4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-098), (1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone (JWH-200), 7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-164), 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)ethanone (JWH-203), 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-210), 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)ethanone (JWH-250), 1-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-398), (6aR,10aR)- 9-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a- tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol (HU-210), (R)-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3- (4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone (WIN-55,212-2), 2-[3-hydroxycyclohexyl]- 5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol (CP47,497), dimethylheptylpyran.

  (8) A controlled substance analog, to the extent that it is implicitly or explicitly intended for human consumption.

Basic Differences  MDPV /

Mephedrone  White Powder  Felony Sale  Felony Possession

 Synthetic Cannabinoids  Leafy Substance  Gross Misd Sale  Misd Possession

Mephedrone & MDPV: What are they?   Synthetic substances commonly abused as an alternative

to illegal CNS Stimulants, such as cocaine and methamphetamine.

  Mephedrone is referred to as Plant Food   MDPV is commonly referred to as Bath Salts or Turbo.   At times the names are used interchangeably.   Both are similar to methamphetamine in the effects and

that they are synthetic alternatives to cocaine.   Mephedrone and MDPV are relatively new substances

with little medical or scientific research on the long term effects.

  Both field-test positive for cocaine and sometimes for methamphetamine.

What do they look like?  Mephedrone and MDPV are white,

sometimes tan or brown, clumpy powdery substances.

 Packaging can resemble controlled substance packaging.

 Some packaging is labeled “Plant Food” or “Bath Salts,” with “Not for Human Consumption” warnings.

User Symptoms •  Excited and irritable similar to the behavior

common with CNS Stimulant use. •  Incoherent statements and paranoid delusions. •  Stay awake for long periods of time and have

reported staying awake for several days before “crashing” and sleeping for several hours, sometimes days.

•  Cocaine and methamphetamine users have described the mephedrone/MDPV high as “intense,” “paranoid,” “out of control,” and “very addictive.” Users have also claimed the effects of mephedrone /MDPV are “too much.”

Michigan ER Study On February 1, 2011, in response to

multiple news reports, the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) contacted the Children's Hospital of Michigan Poison Control Center (PCC) regarding any reports of illness in the state caused by the use of recreational designer drugs sold as "bath salts."

Michigan ER Study The PCC told MDCH that, earlier in the

day, the PCC had learned that numerous persons had visited the local emergency department (ED) in Marquette County with cardiovascular and neurologic signs of acute intoxication. This report summarizes the subsequent investigation, which identified 35 persons who had ingested, inhaled, or injected "bath salts" and visited a Michigan ED during November 13, 2010—March 31, 2011.

Michigan ER Study

Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Sex Women 16 46 Men 19 54 Age Group 20-29 22 63 30-39 5 14 40-49 6 17 >50 2 6

Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Exposure route* Injected 22 63 Snorted 9 26 Ingested 4 11 Unknown 5 14 Additional drug use** Marijuana 10 29 Opiates 8 23 Benzodiazepines 5 14 Cocaine 4 11 Amphetamines 2 6

* 5 patients reported two exposure routes ** 17 patients had known drug routes

Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Signs and symptoms Agitation 23 66 Tachycardia 22 63 Delusions/hallucinations 14 40 Seizure/tremor 10 29 Hypertension 8 23 Drowsiness 8 23 Paranoia 7 20 Mydriasis 7 20

Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Disposition*** Treated in ER and released

15 43

Admitted 17 49 Dead upon arrival 1 3 Left against medical advice

2 6

*** Most severe disposition was chosen for three patients who revisited the ER

Community Coalitions of Virginia (CCOVA) Research The side effects of these products include the following:

  hallucinations   diminished cognitive ability   tachycardia   vasoconstriction   hypertension   blood pressure/heart rate elevated to medically dangerous levels   prolonged agitation (lasting up to 5 days/may require physical restraint)  muscular pain/muscle spasms   emotional fragility   acute paranoid psychosis   sore jaw   kidney failure   loss of bowel control   intense high followed by painful hangover   suppressed appetite

DRE Symptomology for CNS Stimulants  No HGN  No Vertical Nystagmus  No lack of convergence  Mydriasis  Pupil slow to react to light  Elevated pulse, BP, and temperature  Bruxism

DRE General Indicators for CNS Stimulants

  Restlessness   Euphoria   Anxiety   Talkativeness   Irritability   Runny Nose   Redness to Nasal Area   Injection sites   Leg and Eyelid Tremors   Rigid Muscle Tone

Impaired Driving  SFSTs  Romberg  Pulse  Eyes  Mouth  General Indicators

SFST  HGN

 Not visible in all drug categories

 Walk and Turn  Watch for your clues  Describe movements

 One Leg Stand  Watch for your clues  Look for tremors

 PBT  Alcohol rule out

Romberg Balance Test  Officer instructs subject to tilt their head

back, close their eyes, and estimate the passage of 30 seconds.  Officer tracks real time  Officer observes subject for swaying, eyelid

tremors, and body tremors  Officer notes speed of internal clock

Pulse  Find the pulse on

the radial artery and press for 30 seconds counting each beat then multiply by 2.

 Normal pulse for DRE standards is 60-90 bmp.

Eye exam  During regular HGN

check also look for:  Bloodshot eyes  Watery eyes  Droopy eyelids  Constricted pupils  Dilated pupils

Mouth  Heat blisters

 Small bumps on the back of the tongue

 Coloring of the tongue  Green tint for

marijuana  White for white

controlled substances  Bad teeth or tooth

General Indicators  Paraphernalia  Restlessness  Paranoia  Speech patterns  Open sores  Thin   Injection marks  Drastic change in

apperance

Suspected MDPV DRE Eval

Then What?  Trust your

observations and make the arrest.

 Contact a DRE for an eval.

 Let the DRE know what you have seen and done.

 After the eval read Implied Consent and get blood or urine.

BCA Testing  The BCA is not able to test for

mephedrone, MDPV, or synthetic cannabinoids in the blood or urine at this time. The BCA is hopeful that they will have a test by the end of the year.  Per conversation with the BCA Lab on

03/19/12

Field-Test Kits

MPDV Mephedrone Synthetic Cannabinoids

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Questions or Comments

 Mark Dungy  mdungy@co.winona.mn.us  507-457-6373