R ile Veri Madenciliği Yaz Okulu, 07 – 13 Eylül 2015, Muğla,TOVAK ULUSLARARSI MARMARİS AKADEMİSİ

DATA VISUALIZATION WITH R PACKAGES

FATMA ÇINAR, MBA, CAPITAL MARKETS BOARD OF TURKEYE-mail: fatma.cinar@spk.gov.tr @fatma_cinar_ftm @TRUserGroup

Kutlu MERİH, PhD, e-mail: kutmerih@gmail.com @cortexien https://www.riskonomi.com

Visualization of multidimensional multi factorial big data is not large data, big data is

complex data.

What is big data?

How Big Data Humour is big!

We are trainnig decipher this complexcity data Visualization.

Data Visualization packages of R software lattice and ggplot 2.

What is data analysis? Why use a programming language? Why use R ? Why lattice packages? What is lattice packages grammer of

graphics? Why ggplot2 ? What is ggplot2 grammer of graphics?

Agenda • Case study: BRSA NUTS and Sectoral Loans Default Chart of Turkey

Sectoral Loans Dataset Graphics Data-Mining Analysis

Action

Real Time Interactive Data Management for

Effect and Response Analysis

Technique: #Lattice and #ggplot2 Graphical Packages

using #R Software

#library(lattice) #library(ggplot2)

# This example uses the ENGTOVAKLOANS dataset, which comes with ggplot2

names(dataset)

Wednesday, September 02, 2015

names(dataset) names(dataset) [1] "NYEAR" "SYEAR" "QUARTERS" [4] "CITY" "CITYCODE" "NREGION" [7] "REGION" "NUTS3CODE" "NUTS2CODE" [10] "NUTS1CODE" "TRNUTS1REGION" "NUTS1REGION" [13] "TRGROUP" "SECTORAL" "CASHLOANS" [16] "NONCASHLOANS" "TOTALCASHLOANS" "AUTO" [19] "MORTGAGE" "OVERDRAFTACCOUNT" "CREDITCARDS" [22] "FOOD" "BUILDING" "MINERALS " [25] "FINANCIAL" "TEXTILE" "WHOSESALE " [28] "TOURISM" "AGRICULTURE" "ENERGY" [31] "MARITIME" "OTHERCONSUMER" "DEFRECEIVABLE" [34] "DEFCREDITCARDS" "DEFAUTO" "DEFMORTGAGE" [37] "DEFOTHERCONSUMER" "DEFFOOD" "DEFBUILDING" [40] "DEFMINERALS" "DEFFINANCIAL" "DEFTEXTILE" [43] "DEFWHOLESALE " "DEFTOURISM" "DEFAGRICULTURE" [46] "DEFENERGY" "DEFMARITIME" "NONCASHFOOD" [49] "NONCAHBUILDING" "NONCASHMINERALS" "NONFINANCIAL" [52] "NONCASHTEXTILE" "NONCASHWHOLESALE " "NONCASHTOURISM" [55] "NONCASHAGRICULTURE" "NONCASHENERGY" "NONCASHMARITIME"

Wednesday, September 02, 2015

• [1] "NYEAR" "SYEAR" "QUARTERS"

• [4] "CITY" "CITYCODE" "NREGION"

• [7] "REGION" "NUTS3CODE" "NUTS2CODE"

• [10] "NUTS1CODE" "TRNUTS1REGION" "NUTS1REGION"

• [13] "TRGROUP" "SECTORAL" "CASHLOANS"

• [16] "NONCASHLOANS" "TOTALCASHLOANS" "AUTO"

• [19] "MORTGAGE" "OVERDRAFTACCOUNT" "CREDITCARDS"

• [22] "FOOD" "BUILDING" "MINERALS "

• [25] "FINANCIAL" "TEXTILE" "WHOSESALE "

• [28] "TOURISM" "AGRICULTURE" "ENERGY"

• [31] "MARITIME" "OTHERCONSUMER" "DEFRECEIVABLE"

• [34] "DEFCREDITCARDS" "DEFAUTO" "DEFMORTGAGE"

• [37] "DEFOTHERCONSUMER" "DEFFOOD" "DEFBUILDING"

• [40] "DEFMINERALS" "DEFFINANCIAL" "DEFTEXTILE"

• [43] "DEFWHOLESALE " "DEFTOURISM" "DEFAGRICULTURE"

• [46] "DEFENERGY" "DEFMARITIME" "NONCASHFOOD"

• [49] "NONCAHBUILDING" "NONCASHMINERALS" "NONFINANCIAL"

• [52] "NONCASHTEXTILE" "NONCASHWHOLESALE " "NONCASHTOURISM"

• [55] "NONCASHAGRICULTURE" "NONCASHENERGY" "NONCASHMARITIME"

Wednesday, September 02, 2015

NUTS-1:12 Region of Turkey

MEDITERRANEAN SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA EAGEAN REGION NORTHEAST ANATOLIA MIDDLE ANATOLIA WEST BLACK SEA WEST ANATOLIA EAST BLACK SEA WEST MARMARA MIDDLE EAST ANATOLIA ISTANBUL EAST MARMARA

•NUTS-1: 12 Regions•NUTS-2: 26 Subregions•NUTS-3: 81 Provinces

(Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS)

İstanbul Region

West Marmara

Region

Aegean Region

East Marmara

West Anatolia Region

Mediterranean Region

Anatolia Region

West Black Sea Region

East Black Sea Region

Northeast Anatolia Region

East Anatolia Region

Southeast

Anatolia

İstanbul (Subregion)

Tekirdağ (Subregion)

İzmir (Subregion)

Bursa (Subregion)

Ankara (Subregion)

Antalya (Subregion)

Kırıkkale (Subregion)

Zonguldak (Subregion)

Trabzon (Subregion)

Erzurum (Subregion)

Malatya (Subregion)

Gaziantep

(Subregion)

  Edirne Aydın (Subregion) Eskişehir Konya

(Subregion) Isparta Aksaray Karabük Ordu Erzincan Elazığ Adıyaman

  Kırlareli Denizli Bilecik Karaman Burdur Niğde Bartın Giresun Bayburt Bingöl Kilis

  Balıkesir (Subregion) Muğla Kocaeli

(Subregion)   Adana (Subregion) Nevşehir Kastamonu

(Subregion) Rize Ağrı (Subregion) Dersim

Şanlıurfa

(Subregion)

  Çanakkale Manisa (Subregion) Sakarya   Mersin Kırşehir Çankırı Artvin Kars Van

(Subregion)Diyarba

kır

    A.Karahisar Düzce   Hatay (Subregion)

Kayseri (Subregion) Sinop Gümüşhane Iğdır Muş

Mardin (Subreg

ion)

    Kütahya Bolu   Kahramanmaraş Sivas Samsun (Subregion)   Ardahan Bitlis Batman

    Uşak Yalova   Osmaniye Yozgat Tokat     Hakkari Şırnak

              Çorum       Siirt

              Amasya        

                       

                       

1 Province 5 Province 8 Province 8 Province 3 Province 8 Province 8 Province 10 Province 6 Province 7 Province 8 Province9

Province

1. Lattice Graphics Packages

How to create basic plots (xyplot, scatterplots, histograms, boxwhisper, dotplot and bar using qplot()

Setting vs. mapping How to add group and factor=numerical

variable

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

1.1. XYPlot Graphic Module library(lattice) p<-xyplot(NUMERIC ~ NUMERIC) | FACTOR1,

group= FACTOR2, data=dataset) p p<-xyplot( NUM ~ NUM ) | FAC1+FAC2,  group=

FAC3, data=dataset) p  p<-xyplot(DEFENERGY ~ ENERGY |

CITY+factor(NYEAR), group=SECTORAL, data=dataset)

p

Description of XYPlot

Graphs

1. Lattice Graphics Packages

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

p<-xyplot(DEFENERGY ~ ENERGY | CITY+factor(NYEAR), group=SECTORAL, data=dataset)

XYPlot graph of the lattice packakge for 2 numerical 3

factors values

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

p<-xyplot(DEFENERGY ~ ENERGY | CITY+factor(NYEAR), group=SECTORAL, data=dataset)

p<-xyplot(DEFENERGY ~ ENERGY | SECTORAL+factor(NYEAR), group=NUTS1REGION,

data=dataset)

1.1.1. XYPlot Graphic Module and Legand

library(lattice) p<-xyplot(NUMERIC ~ NUMERIC) | FACTOR1, group= FACTOR2,

data=dataset)

p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) | SECTORAL+factor(NYEAR), group=NUTS1REGION, data=dataset)

p  p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) |

SECTORAL+factor(NYEAR), group=NUTS1REGION, auto.key=list(border=TRUE),data=dataset)

p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), auto.key=list(border=TRUE),data=dataset)

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) | SECTORAL+factor(NYEAR), group=NUTS1REGION, data=dataset)

p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) | SECTORAL+factor(NYEAR), group=NUTS1REGION, auto.key=list(border=TRUE),data=dataset)

p<-xyplot(log10(DEFENERGY) ~ log10(ENERGY) | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), auto.key=list(border=TRUE),data=dataset)

• We do factor-based analysis for the begining with the simplest graphical form of the histogram.

• Histograms of a single numeric value by one factor are the starting point of the factor based graphical analysis

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

1.2. Histogram Graphic Module

Description of

Histogram Graphs

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

p<-histogram( ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | SECTORAL, data=dataset)

p<-bwplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY))

p<-bwplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | NUTS1REGION)

1.3.DotPlot Graphic Module#p<-dotplot (FACTOR1 ~ NUMERIC | FACTOR2, group=FACTOR3, data=dataset)

p enter**********CITY!!!!!!***************

p<-dotplot (CITY ~ DEFENERGY | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot (CITY ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot (NUTS1REGION ~ DEFENERGY | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | CITY, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

Description of DotPlot

Graphs

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

p<-dotplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | NUTS1REGION,group=factor(NYEAR),data=dataset)

p<-dotplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | NUTS1REGION,group=factor(NYEAR),auto.key=list(border=TRUE),data=dataset)

p<-dotplot(SECTORAL ~ DEFENERGY | CITY, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot(SECTORAL ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | CITY, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot(CITY ~ DEFENERGY | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

p<-dotplot (CITY ~ log10(DEFENERGY) | SECTORAL, group=factor(NYEAR), data=dataset)

2. Ggplot2 Graphics Packages

How to create basic plots (xyplot, scatterplots, histograms, baloon, facet, density and violin) using qplot()

Setting vs. mapping How to add extra variables with aesthetics

(like color, shape, and size) or faceting

https://plot.ly/ggplot2/geom_bar/

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

What is ggplot2 ?

Grammer of graphics represents and abstraction of graphics ideas/objects

Think ‘verb’, ‘noun’, ‘adjective’ for graphics Allows for a ‘theory’ of graphics on which to build

new graphics and graphics ogjects ‘Shorten the distence from mind to page’

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

Grammer of Graphics ?

‘In brief, the grammer tells us that a statistical graphic is a mapping from data to aesthetic attributes (color, shape, size) of geometric object (point, lines, bars).The plot may also contain stastistical transformations of data and drawn on a specific coordinate system’

Hadley Wickham

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

2.1.Logarithm Module

library(ggplot2) ds<-ggplot(dataset) #as<-aes(log10(NUMERIC), log10(NUMERIC), color=FACTOR) as<-aes(log10(ENERGY), log10(DEFENERGY),

color=SECTORAL) lx<-scale_x_log10() ly<-scale_y_log10() p<-ds+as+gp+lx+ly p

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

How to add extra variables with aesthetics (like color, shape, and size)

#as<-(NUMERIC, NUMERIC, color=FACTOR, shape=factor(NUMERIC), size=NUMERIC

as<-aes(ENERGY,DEFENERGY, color=NUTS1REGION, shape=factor(NYEAR), size=DEFRECEIVABLE

gp<-geom_point()ds<-ggplot(dataset)ds<-ggplot(dataset)p<-ds+as+gpp enter

2.1.1. Baloon Graphic Module

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

Description of Baloon

Graphs

Baloon graphs of ggplot2 package can show us

3-dimensional relations distributed according 1-3

factors in scatterplot form.

With this type 2-dimensional numerical relations

can be represented under effect of 3rd numerical

value.

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

as<-aes(Log10(ENERGY), (log10(DEFENERGY), color=factor(NYEAR), shape=SECTORAL), size=DEFRECEIVABLE

ae<-aes(log10(ENERGY), log10(DEFENERGY), color=SECTORAL)gp<-geom_point()ds<-ggplot(dataset)

dataset=subset(dataset, ENERGY!=0)dataset=subset(dataset, DEFENERGY!=0)ss<-stat_smooth(method = "lm", formula = y ~ x, size = 2)p<-ds+ae+gp+ssp

2.1.2. PowerLaw Graphic Module

Description of Baloon

Graphs

ss<-stat_smooth(method = "lm", formula = y ~ x, size = 2)

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

ae<-aes(log10(ENERGY), log10(DEFENERGY), color=SECTORAL)ss<-stat_smooth(method = "lm", formula = y ~ x, size = 2)

p<-ds+ae+gp+ss

ae<-aes(log10(ENERGY), log10(DEFENERGY), color=NUTS1REGION)p<-ds+ae+gp+ss

3.Density Graphic Module#ad<-aes(NUMERIC, color=FACTOR)ad<-aes(ENERGY, color=SECTORAL)

#as<-aes(log10(NUMERIC), fill=FACTORad<-aes(log10(ENERGY), fill=SECTORAL)

gd<-geom_density()gd<-geom_density(alpha=0.5)ds<-ggplot(dataset)p<-ds+ad+gdp enter

P.S It will be one Numeric Variable

Description of Density

Graphs

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

• Density Graphs are the continuous version of Histograms

• They plot a single numerical variable against their frequancy.

• We can detect single or multiple peaks of density graphs and pinpoint the effective factors.

• On the other hand soperposing density graphs acording the factors with different colors provide us with information of the effect of the factors

• Logarithmic scale leads a more stable density formations for financial data.Description of

Density Graphs

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

ad<-aes(log10(ENERGY),fill=SECTORAL)p<-ds+ad+gd

NUTS Eagean

Regions Log10

Energy Vs Log10 Default Energy, Baloon

Defreceivable Explained by Sectoral and Year Factors Density/

ViolinGraphics

3.1.Density Bar Graphic Module

#ad<-aes(NUMERIC, color=FACTOR)ad<-aes(ENERGY, color=SECTORAL)

#as<-aes(log10(NUMERIC), fill=FACTOR

ab<-aes(log10(ENERGY), fill=SECTORAL)

gbd<-geom_bar(position="dodge")gbs<-geom_bar(position="stack")

ds<-ggplot(dataset)ab<-aes(log10(ENERGY), fill=SECTORAL)p<-ds+ab+gbs

p enterTuesday, May 2, 2023

ab<-aes(log10(ENERGY), fill=SECTORAL)gbs<-geom_bar(position="stack")

p<-ds+ab+gbs

ab<-aes(log10(ENERGY), fill=SECTORAL)gbd<-geom_bar(position="dodge")

p<-ds+ab+gbd

4.Facet Graphic Module f<-facet_grid(FACTOR ~ NUMERIC) f<-facet_grid(NUTS1REGION ~ NYEAR) f<-facet_grid(SECTORAL ~ NYEAR) f<-facet_grid(NYEAR ~ SECTORAL)***

ds<-ggplot(dataset) gv<-geom_violin(),gp<-geom_point(),gd<-geom_density() p<-ds+as+gp+f p<-ds+as+gv+f p<-ds+as+gd+f

av<-aes(ENERGY,DEFENERGY,fill=SECTORAL,color=NUTS1REGION)f<-facet_grid(NYEAR ~ SECTORAL)p<-ds+av+gp+(lx+ly)+f

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

av<-aes(ENERGY,DEFENERGY,fill=SECTORAL,color=NUTS1REGION) f<-facet_grid(NYEAR ~ SECTORAL)

p<-ds+av+gp+f

Facet graphs of ggplot2 package can show us 3-dimensional graphs distributed according 3 factors in matrix form.

In which we can see the anomalies occurs on which year and which region and which period.

Here we investigate default energy versus default loans bloonad by total loans according to region, year and period factors.

Colors period, balloons Total Cash loans.

Description of Facet GraphsTuesday, May 2, 2023

4.1.Facet Violin Graphic Module f<-facet_grid(FACTOR ~ NUMERIC) f<-facet_grid(NUTS1REGION ~ NYEAR) f<-facet_grid(SECTORAL ~ NYEAR) f<-facet_grid(NYEAR ~ SECTORAL)***

ds<-ggplot(dataset) gv<-geom_violin(),gp<-geom_point(),gd<-geom_density() p<-ds+av+gv+lx+ly+f p<-ds+as+gv+f

Tuesday, May 2,

2023

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

av<-aes(ENERGY, DEFENERGY, fill=SECTORAL) f<-facet_grid(NYEAR ~ SECTORAL)

p<-ds+av+gv+f

5.Violin Graphic Module subset ds<-ggplot(dataset) dataset=subset(dataset,ENERGRY!=0) dataset=subset(dataset,DEFENERGRY!=0)

Subset Justify m<-length(dataset[,1]) m enter [m] 3046 ….

Tuesday, May 2,

2023

• ds<-ggplot(dataset)• av<aes(ENERGY,DEFENERGY,fill=SECTORAL)• gv<-geom_violin()• gj<-geom_jitter()• p<-ds+av+gv+gj+lx+ly• p enter

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

Description of Violin Graphs

•Violin Graphs can be seen as two-dimensional density graphs

•Usually Violin Graphs comes with Mushroom, Potter and Bottle formations

•Violin Graphs are very important for Risk Analysis of financial Data

•Through the mean of X-axis Y-density graph ocuurs with nirror copy

•Mushroom formation represents a risk concentration on hig order values of financial data

•Potter means risk on the medium order and the bottle menas risk on the lower orders

av<-aes(ENERGY,DEFENERGY, fill=NUTS1REGION)p<-ds+av+gv+gj+ly

av<-aes(log10(ENERGY),log10(DEFENERGY), fill=NUTS1REGION)p<-ds+av+gv+lx+ly

I would like to express my deep gratitude to;

Dr. Kutlu MERİH,Dr. C. Coşkun KÜÇÜKÖZMENfor their valuable contibutions,

Fatma ÇINAR

Contact

kutmerih@gmail.com

kutlu@merih.net

coskun.kucukozmen@ieu.edu.tr

http://www.ieu.edu.tr/tr

coskunkucukozmen@gmail.com

http://www.coskunkucukozmen.com

fatma.cinar@spk.gov.tr

http://www.spk.gov.tr/

http://www.riskonomi.com

@TRUserGroup

@CORTEXIEN

@Riskonometri

@Riskonomi

@datanalitik

@Riskanalitigi

@RiskLabTurkey

@fatma_cinar_ftm

tr.linkedin.com/in/fatmacinar

tr.linkedin.com/pub/kutlu-merih

tr.linkedin.com/in/coskunkucukozmen

KÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. AND ÇINAR F., (2014). “MODELLİNG OF CORPORATE PERFORMANCE IN MULTİ-DİMENSİONAL COMPLEX STRUCTURED ORGANİZATİONS “CBBC” MANAGEMENT”, SUBMİTTED TO THE “2ND INTERNATİONAL SYMPOSİUM ON CHAOS, COMPLEXİTY AND LEADERSHİP (ICCLS), DECEMBER 17-19 AT MİDDLE EAST TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY (METU), ANKARA, TURKEY.KÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. VE ÇINAR F., (2014). “FİNANSAL KARAR SÜREÇLERİNDE GRAFİK-DATAMİNİNG ANALİZİ”, TROUGBI/DW SIG, NİSAN 2014 İSTANBUL, HTTP://WWW.TROUG.ORG/?P=684 KÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. VE ÇINAR F., (2014). “GÖRSEL VERİ ANALİZİNDE DEVRİM” SÖYLEŞİ, EKONOMİK ÇÖZÜM, TEMMUZ 2014, HTTP://EKONOMİK-COZUM.COM.TR/GORSEL-VERİ-ANALİZİNDE-DEVRİM-Mİ.HTML.KÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. VE MERİH K., (2014). “GÖRSEL TEKNİKLER ÇAĞI" SÖYLEŞİ, EKONOMİK ÇÖZÜM, TEMMUZ 2014, HTTP://EKONOMİK-COZUM.COM.TR/GORSEL-TEKNİKLER-CAGİ.HTMLKÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. AND ÇINAR F., (2014). “BANKİNG SECTOR ANALYSİS OF IZMİR PROVİNCE: A GRAPHİCAL DATA MİNİNG APPROACH”, SUBMİTTED TO THE 34TH NATİONAL CONFERENCE FOR OPERATİONS RESEARCH AND INDUSTRİAL ENGİNEERİNG (YAEM 2014), GÖRÜKLE CAMPUS OF ULUDAĞ UNİVERSİTY İN BURSA, TURKEY ON 25-27 JUNE 2014. MERİH, K. VE ÇINAR, F., (2013). “MODELLİNG OF CORPORATE PERFORMANCE IN MULTİ-DİMENSİONAL COMPLEX STRUCTURED ORGANİZATİONS: “CBBC” APPROACH”, SUBMİTTED TO THE ECONANADOLU 2013: ANADOLU INTERNATİONAL CONFERENCE İN ECONOMİCS III JUNE 19-21, 2013, ESKİŞEHİR.  HTTP://WWW.ECONANADOLU.ORG/EN/İNDEX.PHP/ARTİCLES2013/3683KÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. AND ÇINAR F., (2014). “NEW SECTORAL INCENTİVE SYSTEM AND CREDİT DEFAULTS: GRAPHİC-DATA MİNİNG ANALYSİS”, SUBMİTTED TO THE ICEF 2014 CONFERENCE, YILDIZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY İN İSTANBUL, TURKEY ON 08-09 SEP. 2014.PEDRONİ M., AND BERTRAND MEYER (2009). “OBJECT-ORİENTED MODELİNG OF OBJECT-ORİENTED CONCEPTS”, ‘A CASE STUDY İN STRUCTURİNG AN EDUCATİONAL DOMAİN’, CHAİR OF SOFTWARE ENGİNEERİNG, ETH ZURİCH, SWİTZERLAND. FMİCHELA.PEDRONİ|BERTRAND.MEYERG@İNF.ETHZ.CHKÜÇÜKÖZMEN, C. C. AND ÇINAR F., (2015). “VİSUAL ANAYSİS OF ELECTRİCİTY DEMAND ENERGY DASHBOARD GRAPHİCS” SUBMİTTED TO THE 5TH MULTİNATİONAL ENERGY AND VALUE CONFERENCE MAY 7-9, 2015 KADİR HAS UNİVERSİTY İN İSTANBUL, TURKEY