vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xii

INTISARI ............................................................................................................. xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ......................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................ 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................ 5

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ...................................................................... 5

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ....................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 6

2.1 Malondialdehyde (MDA) ................................................................. 6

2.1.1 Definisi .................................................................................... 6

2.1.2 Cara Pengukuran ..................................................................... 7

2.1.3 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi MDA ............................... 7

2.1.4 Stress Oksidatif ....................................................................... 8

2.1.5 Proses Pembentukan ROS ....................................................... 9

2.2 Asupan Kalori ................................................................................. 10

2.2.1 Definisi .................................................................................. 10

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2.2.2 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Asupan Kalori ............... 11

2.2.3 Asupan Kalori Berlebih ........................................................ 12

2.2.4 Pembatasan Asupan Kalori ................................................... 13

2.2.5 Variasi Asupan Kalori ........................................................... 13

2.3 Hewan Coba ................................................................................... 14

2.4 Pengaruh Pemberian Variasi Asupan Kalori Terhadap Kadar

MDA ............................................................................................... 14

2.5 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................... 16

2.6 Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................... 17

2.7 Hipotesis ......................................................................................... 17

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 18

3.1 Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian ..................................... 18

3.2 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ................................................. 18

3.2.1 Variabel ................................................................................. 18

3.2.2 Definisi Operasional ............................................................. 18

3.3 Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................... 19

3.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ................................................................ 19

3.3.2 Sampel Penelitian .................................................................. 19

3.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian .............................................................. 20

3.4.1 Alat ........................................................................................ 20

3.4.2 Bahan .................................................................................... 20

3.5 Cara Penelitian ................................................................................ 21

3.5.1 Adaptasi Hewan Coba ........................................................... 21

3.5.2 Randomisasi dan Pembagian Kelompok............................... 22

3.5.3 Pemberian Pakan ................................................................... 22

3.5.4 Pengambilan Sample Darah .................................................. 23

3.6 Tempat dan Waktu ......................................................................... 23

3.7 Analisis Hasil .................................................................................. 23

3.8 Alur Penelitian ................................................................................ 24

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 25

4.1. Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................... 25

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4.2. Pembahasan .................................................................................... 28

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 32

5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 32

5.2. Saran ............................................................................................... 33

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 34

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 42

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ADF : Alternate Day Fasting

ATP : Adenosin Tri Phosphate

BMR : Basal Metabolic Rate

CALARIE : The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effect of

Reduction Intake Energy Trial

DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

DR : Dietary Restriction

ETC : Electron Transport Chain

FADH2 : Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Hydride2

FR : Free Radical

HLPC : High Performance Liquid Chromatograpy

MDA : Malondialdehyde

NADH : Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydride

PUFA : polyunsaturated fatty acid

RM : Reactive Metabolites

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

TBARS : Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TGT : Toleransi Gula Terganggu

DMT2 : Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Kompisisi AIN-93M ........................................................................... 20

Tabel 4.1. Hasil pengukuran kadar MDA serum pada kelima kelompok uji ...... 26

Tabel 4.2. Hasil analisis normalitas data dan homogenitas varian kadar MDA

serum antar kelompok ........................................................................ 27

Tabel 4. 3. Hasil uji Kruskall Wallis kadar MDA serum antar kelompok ........... 27

Tabel 4.4. Hasil uji Mann Whitney perbedaan kadar MDA antar dua kelompok 28

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 4.1. Rata-rata kadar MDA Serum (nmol/ml) antar kelompok uji ........... 26

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Data Penelitian .................................................................................. 37

Lampiran 2. Hasil analisis statistik dengan SPSS ................................................. 38

Lampiran 3. Ethical Clearance ............................................................................. 43

Lampiran 4. Surat Keterangan Bebas Peminjaman............................................... 44

Lampiran 5. Laporan Hasil Uji ............................................................................. 44

Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi Penelitian .................................................................... 47