ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

N-ေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

Pေေေေေေေေေ

K ေေေေေေေေေေေCaေေေေေေေေေ

Mgေေေေေေေေေေ

FeေေZn ေေေေ

Cu ေေေေေေေ

S ေေေေေေ

B ေေေေေေေ Mn ေေေေေေေေေ

Mo ေေေေေေေေေေေေCl ေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေ

• Movement of nutrients to roots• Roots do not intentionally grow towards a nutrient source. For nutrient uptake to occur, the

individual nutrient ion must be in position adjacent to the root. Positioning of the nutrient ion can occur by one or more of three processes.

• Root Interception • The root can "bump into" the ion as it grows through the soil. This mechanism is called root

interception. Work by Barber estimates that perhaps one percent of the nutrients in a corn plant come from the root interception process.

• Mass Flow • The soluble fraction of nutrients present in soil solution (water) and not held on the soil fractions

flow to the root as water is taken up. This process is called mass flow. Nutrients such as nitrate-N, calcium and sulfur are normally supplied by mass flow.

• Diffusion • Nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium are absorbed strongly by soils and are only present

in small quantities in the soil solution. These nutrients move to the root by diffusion. As uptake of these nutrients occurs at the root, the concentration in the soil solution in close proximity to the root decreases. This creates a gradient for the nutrient to diffuse through the soil solution from a zone of high concentration to the depleted solution adjacent to the root. Diffusion is responsible for the majority of the P, K and Zn moving to the root for uptake. Table 3 gives the relative importance of each mechanism in positioning nutrients adjacent to plant roots for uptake.

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

သသသသသသသသသသသ

– Organicေေေေေေေ• Trichoderma • EM• IMO-Dochakkin• ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

– Fish Amino Acid– Fermented Fruit Juice

သသသသသသသသသသ

– Azolla– Blue Green Algae– Rhizobium– Chitosan– Mycorhiza

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ (C N Ratio)ေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

Micro-Organismေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

• Micro-organisms• With the proper mixture of water, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, micro-organisms are allowed to

break down organic matter to produce compost. [12] The composting process is dependant on micro-organisms to break down organic matter into compost. There are many types of microorganisms found in active compost of which the most common are: [13]

• Bacteria- The most numerous of all the micro organisms found in compost.• Actinomycetes- Necessary for breaking down paper products such as newspaper, bark, etc.• Fungi- Molds and yeast help break down materials that bacteria cannot, especially lignin in

woody material.• Protozoa- Help consume bacteria, fungi and micro organic particulates.• Rotifers- Rotifers help control populations of bacteria and small protozoans.• In addition, earthworms not only ingest partly composted material, but also continually re-create

aeration and drainage tunnels as they move through the compost.

• A lack of a healthy micro-organism community is the main reason why composting processes are slow in landfills with environmental factors such as lack of oxygen, nutrients or water being the

cause of the depleted biological community. [13]

Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content.[1][2] They can be terrestrial or aquatic.[3] Actinobacteria is one of

the dominant phyla of the bacteria.[4] Analysis of glutamine synthetase sequence has been suggested for phylogenetic analysis of Actinobacteria

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

C-N Ratio အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအ အအ အအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ Golouke 1991a အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအ °အအအအအအအအအအ အအ အအ °အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအ º အအအအအအအအအအ အအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအ အအ အအ º အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ

အအအအအအအအ

 

ajraqG;yHkt&G,ftpm;

 toifhawmfqHk;aom ajraqG;yHkt&G,ftpm;yHkxm;jcif;jzifh ajraqG;yHk\ tylcsdefukd xdef;xm; Ekdifygonf/ t&G,ftpm;ao;vGef;ygu tylcsdeftvG,fwul avQmhusapEkdifNyD; ypönf;rsm; vsifjrefpGm ajcmufaoGUí aqG;ajrUr&dSawmhay/ ti,fpm;taetxm;rSm 1 rDwm tvsm;_teH_tjrifh &dS&ygrnf/

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေေ

tkwfuefrsm;jzifh ajraqG;jyKvkyfjcif;

ေေေေေေေေ

ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ

•

Indigenous Micro Organism

ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ

ajraqG;toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh &&dSEkdifaom

tjcm;tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;

ေေေေေေေေေ ေေေေေေေ

• ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘ ဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ..ဘ• ဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ..ဘ• ဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘ• ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘ ဘဘဘဘ• ဘဘဘ - ဘဘဘဘဘ • ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ-ဘ ဘဘဘဘ• ဘဘဘဘဘ ဘ ဘဘဘဘ• ဘဘဘဘဘ - ဘဘဘဘဘ (ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ )• ဘဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘ • ဘဘဘဘ ဘ ဘဘဘဘဘ ဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘဘ..ဘ