Post on 06-Apr-2018
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Social Networkingisone ofthe most popularleisuresinthe world
ofcyberspace. Its main purpose istoconnect people, to meetnewfriends
andfindoldones. A socialnetworkcomposesofuser profile, friendslist,
photos videosharing, chatroom andgames. Mostof the socialnetwork
sitesofferedonly 1 or 2 of these features, butonly Facebookhasallof
these. According to the biography film (The Social Network) 2010,
Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin
primarily for the Harvard University students. It was expanded to
differentcollegesandisnowopentoanyone whoisatleast 13 yearsold
andabove.
Facebook has approximately 500 millionusersworldwide and is
stillgrowing. Itissaidthathalfofthis populationdoesnotfailtologon
everysingle daywhichindicatesahightendencyofaddiction. Addiction
is defined as the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to
something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming. A recent
studymade bythe Oxygen Mediaand Lightspeed Researchrevealedthat
one-third of women in the age of 18 to 36 check Facebook in the
morning, evenbefore theybrushtheirteeth.
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Around 21 percentof the 1,065 surveyed for thisstudyadmitted
that theywoke up in the middle of the night tocheck Facebook. More
than 100 millionusersaccess Facebookthroughtheircellphones. These
users are twice more active as comparedwith those whouse personal
computers for the same. If the time spent on Facebook by the entire
worldistakenintoconsideration, itwouldbe 6 billion minutesaday.
Addiction has a great effect on the users life. It could lead into
different problemsin manyaspectsoftheirlife. Itcouldaffecttheirtime
management, theiracademic performance, socialrelationshipsand much
more. Usersalsotendtobe more active sociallyin Facebookthaninreal
life. Theypreferinstant messagingthanface toface conversation.
Moreover, inourareawhere internetcaf is vey muchaccessible
andoftenoffers low rate, manystudentscan easilyaccess internet. In
factnumerouscollege studentsare believedtobe spending more time in
Facebook thananyotheractivities. However, allof these are just mere
speculations. After the peak of its emergence and wide popularity in
Cotabato City, there hasbeennowrittenreportorstudyaboutthe level
of students self-control and addiction in using Facebook. Hence this
studywasundertaken.
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Conceptualand Theoretical Framework
Independent variable Dependent variable
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram sharingthe relationship between
Independent variable to Dependent variable
Facebook Addiction (DV) of the respondents depends upon their
levelofthe Self-Control (IV). Ifthe Self-Controllevelishighthe tendency
of Facebook Addictionislowbutifthe Self-Controlslowthere isahigh
tendencyofFacebook.
Self - Control Facebook Addiction
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Statementofthe Problem
This study aimed to determine the relationship between Self-
control and Facebook Addiction among College students enrolled in
differentacademicinstitutionin Cotabato City.
Itfurthersoughttoanswerthe following questions:
1.Whatisthe profile ofthe respondents?2.Whatisthe levelofrespondentsself-control?3.Whatisthe levelofrespondentsFacebook Addiction?4. Isthere asignificantrelationship betweenrespondentslevelof
self-controlandtheirlevelofFacebook Addiction?
Scope and Delimitationofthe Study
Thisstudywasdelimitedtothe College studentswhowere officially
enrolled in the academicyear 2011 at the institutionsof Cotabato City
whowere using Facebook. The scope ofthe study includedthe different
features that contributed to the addiction of Facebook like social
networking, gaming and chatting. This study also involved the
componentsindetermining Self-Control.
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Significance ofthe Study
Thisstudywill promote awarenesstothe teachersandinstitution
aboutthe growing problem ofFacebook Addiction. Levelofawarenesswill
aid the administration in dealing with students who acquired the
problem. Studentswillbenefitsince itwillhelp them recognize the level
of their Facebook Addiction andhow it is related to their Self-Control.
The information providedinthe studywillassistthem inthe prevention
offurthercompulsionandwrongusage ofSocial Networking. Thisstudy
is also beneficial to the parents since it will be easier for them to
understand the behavior of their children and be conscious of the
negative effectsof Facebook Addiction. Finallythisstudyisimportantto
the researcherswho are Psychology students, it is crucial for them to
knowthe behavioraffecting Facebook Addictionbecause itwillbe useful
andcanbe utilizedintheirfuture practice.
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DefinitionofTerms
Facebook. A social networking site where users an create and
customize theirown profile with photos, videos, and informationabout
themselves. Friends can browse the profiles of other friends andwrite
message ontheirwall.
Addiction. The state of being enslaved to habit or practice or to
somethingthatis psychologicallyand physicallyhabit-forming.
Self-Control. The ability to control ones emotion, behavior and
desires in order to obtain some reward later and is the capacity of
efficient managementofthe future.
Facebook Addiction Scale. Aninstrumentusedto measure the levelof
Facebook Addictionofacollege student.
Self-Control Scale. An instrumentused to measure the levelof Self-
Controlofacollege student.
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CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Thischapter presentsthe reviewofrelated literature andstudies
about Self-Controland Facebook Addictionamongcollege students.
Facebook has become an indispensable way to find old friends,
schedule events, play games and even send virtual gifts. But ifyoure
doing more living online than off, it might be time to reassess. Many
students are now seeing Facebook more as an addiction than a
networkingtool, and psychologistsare startingtoagree.
There were manyresearcherswhohadalreadyconductedresearch
related to this study. One of them is Lipara (2009), accordingly about
350 million people are suffering from Facebook Addiction. One of the
visible symptoms of an addicted user is losing sleep. It becomes a
compulsionandspent the entire night loggedon to the site causing to
become tired the nextday, neglect the jobandotherappointments. An
average person only spend an hour each site. Elizabeth Cohen (2009)
suggestedfive symptomsofFacebook Addiction. Firstislosingsleep over
Facebook, second isspending more thanone houron the site, third is
becoming obsessed with past relationships, ignoring work in favor of
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Facebook and feeling a lot of anxiety about going one day without
checkingthe site.
As stated by Paula Pile (2010) a marriage and family therapist,
problemsarise whenusers ignore familyandworkobligationsbecause
theyfindthe Facebookworlda more enjoyable place tospendtime than
the real world especially as people neglect their relationships,
responsibilities and health. Even though social networking is not a
physicaladdictionlike drugsoralcohol, itisstillan emotionaladdiction
andcanbe justbe harmful.
While manypeople mayfeeltraumatizedwhenseparatedfrom the
use oftheirfavorite social mediachannels, social mediaaddictionis just
one more example of poor Self-Control ina litanyofothers thatdonot
meet the criteria for addiction. A leading PsychoAnalyst at the William
AlansonWhite Institution, Todd Essig, Ph.D., statesthatthe inclusionof
social media addiction in official diagnoses opens the door to the
sanctioning of other behaviors such as shopping, overeating, obtaining
too manytattoos, hoardingtrashand more. These behaviorsare actually
manifestationsoftrue psychological problems, suchsbipolardisorderor
chronicdepression.
ItwasaffirmedbyDr. Michael Fenichel (2011)a psychologistwho
has publishedanumberofonline articlesaboutwhathe calls Facebook
Addiction Disorder (FAD) says its difficult to see just how culturally
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ingrained Facebookhasbecome because everyone isdoing itorat least
appearstobe. Facebookisagrowingglobal phenomenonanditseemeda
petri dish for social psychologist to examine the affect it and other
communicationtechnologiesare havingonhuman motivation, attention
andsocialinteraction.
Furthermore Fenichel (2011) indicates that the dynamics of
Facebook presenta particularlyripe environmenttofosteraddiction. The
constant temptation of applications, games, positive reinforcement and
voyeurism of Facebook lures some to a pointwhere they lose impulse
control and have trouble breaking away from the constant stream of
activation/reinforcement. Facebook has the best possible recipe for
significantbehavioraladdiction, as it fillsa large andnormal partofso
many lives. Facebook Addiction Disorderhave yet tobe included in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, (DSM) but
psychologist have long been studying the impact of social media and
othercommunicationtechnologies.
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Facebook Addiction Among College Students
Facebooksupports 882 collegestoday;there are about 2000 inthe
United Statesifyoucountcommunitycolleges. Theirgoalistosupport
allofthese overtime. The penetrationrate isstaggering, about 85% of
studentsinsupportedcollegeshave a profile up on Facebook. Thats
3.85 million members. Itissaidthat 60% logindaily. About 85% login
atleastonce aweekand 93% loginatleastonce a month (Schulz,
2004).More than 150 million people inthe U.S. are currentlymembers
ofFacebook, withthe majorityofthose underthe age of25.
Andwiththose usersspendingabout 7 hoursa monthonthe site, itis
the numberone socialsite...butforsome, it's more than justan
occasional visit.
Shock (2005) explainedthatastudyusedasurveyto examine the
use of Facebookamong 183 college studentsand itconfirmed that the
use of this social networking site acted as an extension instead of
replacementofface toface interaction. Neverthelesssome usersreliedon
Facebookasthe mostimportantform ofsocialinteraction. Butwhatwas
more interestingwere the results on how these college students used
Facebook. Mostofall, the resultsthat 40% reportedhavingnofriendson
Facebook that theyhave never met in person and those who didhave
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friendson Facebookwhom theyneverhad metreportedanaverage of7.2
such friends. The studentsused the site onaverage 1.2 times perday,
spending on average 31.5 minutes each time theyuse it. Rob Bedi, a
registered psychologist and assistant professor at the University of
Victoria, said that Internet addictions are common on university
campuses, oftenhelpedby free Internetaccess, web-basedassignments
andunstructuredblocksoftime.
Facebookhasalsoledtochange in prioritiesas people spend more
time onthe site thanonstudyingorworkingdue toso muchaddiction. A
North Florida motherhas pleaded guilty to shakingher baby todeath
after the boys crying interruptedher game on Facebook. She told the
investigatorsthatshe wasangeredbecause the boywascryingwhile she
was playing Farmville. (Martinez, 2010)
Finally, Facebook is a useful tool for connecting with friends,
family, networking, advertisingbutitcanalsobe addictive andcancause
alotofproblems.
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Self-Control
Gillman (2006) defined Self-Control as the ability to motivate
oneselftodothe thingstheyneedtodo. Anditalso meansthatstopping
from doingthingsbad.
Self-controlisthe abilitytocontrolimpulsesandreactions, andis
another name for self-discipline. It is not some kind of negative and
limitingbehavior, assome people mightthink. Whenself-controlisused
wisely andwith common sense, itbecomes one of the most important
toolsorselfimprovementandforachievingsuccess. Self-Controlis vital
for controlling and overcoming obsessions, fears, addictions and any
kind of unsuitable behavior. It puts you in control of your life, your
behavior and your reactions. It improves your relationships, develops
patience andtolerance andisanimportanttoolforattainingsuccessand
happiness. Itisalsosaidthatthe possible areaslackingself-controlare
eating, shopping, drinking, work, gambling, smoking, and obsessive
behavior (Sasson, 2009).
Moreover Self-Control is also defined as impulse control or elf
regulation. Some psychologists prefer the term impulse controlbecause
it maybe more precise. The term selfregulation isused to refer to the
manyprocessindividualsuse to manage drivesand emotions. Therefore,
selfregulationalso embodiesthe conceptofwillpower. Selfregulation is
an extremely important executive function of the brain. Deficits in self
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control/regulationare foundinalarge numberofpsychologicaldisorders
including ADHD, Antisocial Personality Disorder, addiction, eating
disordersandimpulse controldisorders (Vohs etal., 2008).
The present study seeks to examine how trait self-control is
revealed on social networking sites'specifically, Facebook. Participants
were undergraduates at Bates College who first filled out self-report
measuresofself-control, narcissism (asacontrol variable)and Facebook
use. Their Facebook profiles were then saved by the experimenter. A
contentanalysisofthe profileswasconductedcodingforsevenindicesof
self-control. Ihypothesizedthatbasedonthe contentanalysisofprofiles,
Facebookuserslowerinself-controlwouldtendtobe ratedasdisplaying
a.) more problematic content (i.e., substance abuse, sexual disclosure,
and antisocial behavior), b.) more general impulsivity or
nondeliberateness, c.) more egotisticalorself-promotingcontent, d.)less
contentsuggestingastrongwork ethic, andd.) lesscontentsuggesting
interpersonalsuccess. Ialso predicted thatbasedon the Facebookuse
questionnaire, userslowerinself-controlwouldreportedlyfilteroutless
problematiccontentanduse Facebook's privacysettingsless. The results
onlyfoundsignificant evidence forinterpersonalsuccessas evidence for
self-control on Facebook profiles. Study limitations as well as the
implications relating to the accuracy of perceiving personality
characteristicsthroughonline socialnetworking profilesare discussed.
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Any behavior that causes people to consistently miss out on
interactionwithothersor leadsto poor performance inkeyareasof life
mustbe addressed. A healthy lifestyle involves findingand maintaining
balance in all activities. Self-Control may also influence social
networking addiction such as gaming and Facebook, Ng andWiemer-
Hastings (2005)statedthatsince socialnetworkingusersbecome easily
absorbedin playing, theirbehavior mayleadtolossoftime control. The
keytocontrollingonesaddictionis moderation.
Manypsychological problemsare characterizedbyalossofcontrol
oralackofcontrolinspecificsituations. Usually, thislackofcontrolis
part of a pattern of behavior that also involves other maladaptive
thoughts and actions, such as substance abuse problems or sexual
disorders (Franklin, 2010).
People withthese disorders mayor maynot planthe acts, butthe
acts generally fulfill their immediate, conscious wishes. Most people,
however, findtheirdisordershighlydistressingandfeelalossofcontrol
overtheirlives (Ploskin, 2007).
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CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the brief description of the research
methodology. It includes the research design, locale of the study,
populationandsamplingdesign, researchinstrument, administrationof
instrument, validity of the instruments and the statistical tools for
analysis.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive method using Correlational
Analysis. It involved collection of data in order to answer questions
concerning the level of Facebook Addiction and Self-Control of the
respondent. Itisa methodthatdeterminedthe relationship betweentwo
variables.
Locale ofthe Study
The studywas conducted in the internet cafs near the colleges
and universities of Cotabato City and Free Wi-Fi access areas where
presence ofCollege studentswere visible.
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Populationand Sampling Design
The respondents of this research were the college students of
Cotabato City. Purposive Samplingtechnique wasusedinthe study.
Minimum of 150 respondentswasused inthe surveyto establish
the validityofthe collecteddata.
Instrumentation
The study used a Standardized Self-Control Scale by John C.
McMullen from his dissertation A Test of Self-control Theory Using
General PatternsofDeviance and Standardized Facebook Addiction Scale
from Psychcentral.com. The instrumentwascomposedof 2 parts. Part 1
includes the profile of the respondents and Part 2 contains questions
regarding the level of Self-Control and Facebook Addiction of the
respondents.
Validityofthe Instruments
Before the instruments were administered, it passed through a
series of review from psychology teachers and panelist. The questions
were analyzed and the sources of the instruments were verified to
determine the validityofthe instruments.
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Administrationofthe Instruments
The study was conducted through survey. It was done in the
internet cafes nearest to the school. In 5NU Internet Caf, Hyperlink
Internet Caf, and Cyberclub Internet Caf located in front of the
Cotabato City State Polytechnic College, Gamers.Net Internet Caf and
Cyberian Internet Caf locatednear Coland System Technology, 8 Volts
Internet Caf near Notre Dame Hospital School of Midwifery, 5NU
Internet Caf Branch-2 and 5JsInternet Cafsituatednear Notre Dame
University. Surveywasalso made in McDonalds, Bos Coffee, and Datu
Brew Coffee Shop where there isa free Wi-Fiaccess provided for their
customers.
The questionnaireswere distributed among college studentswho
accessedtheir Facebookaccountuponthe time ofthe survey. These were
retrievedaftertheyfilled-outthe answersandnecessaryinformation.
Statistical TreatmentofData
The followingstatisticaltoolsusedwere Standard Deviation, Mean
and PearsonrCorrelation.
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Thissectionofthe research paperincludesthe presentationofthe
results of the analysis of the data and their interpretations. The
descriptive andcorrelation presentationofthe results isbased from the
specific research inquiries stated in the introductory chapter of this
paper.
Profile ofRespondents
The profile ofrespondents presented in thisstudy include:age of
respondents, gender, placesofaccessing Facebookaccount, devicesused
in accessing Facebook, number of Facebook accounts, frequency of
checking Facebook account, and number of hours consumed using
Facebook.
Itcanbe gleanedin Table 1 the agesofthe respondents. The data
on age showed that 31 or 20.67% were 17 years old, 22% or 33
respondentswere 18 yearsold, 27 or 18% were 19 yearsold, 16.67% or
25 respondentswere 20 yearsold, 13 or 8.67 percentofthe respondents
were 21 years old and 14% or 21 respondents were ages other than
mentioned above. These are the typical ages considering that the
respondentswere College students.
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Table 1
Age andgenderofrespondents
N=150
Profile Frequency Percent(%)
A. Age1718192021
Others
B. GenderMale
Female
3133272513
21
39111
20.6722.0018.0016.678.67
14.00
26.0074.00
Ongender, it isshown in Table 1 that more thanone halfofthe
respondents (74%)or 111 were female and 26 percentor 39 respondents
were male.
Respondentsprofile onthe use ofFacebook
Table 2 shows the respondents profile on the use of Facebook. It
shows that on the devices used by the respondents in accessing
Facebook, 24 or 16% use cellphones, 41 or 27.33% uses Laptop
computers, 71 or 47.33% uses Desktop computers and 9.33% or 14
respondents uses both laptop and desktop computers to access their
Facebookaccount.
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Table 2
Respondents profile onthe use ofFacebook
N=150
Profile Frequency Percentage(%)
A. On Devices used in accessingFacebook
CellphoneLaptop
DesktopBoth Laptop and Desktop
B. On Places/venue of accessingFacebookaccount
HomeInternet Caf
School
C. On the number of FacebookAccounts
6 accountsandabove3 to 5 accounts
2 accountsandbelow
D. On the frequency of checkingFacebookaccountinaday
6 timesandabove4 to 5 times
3 timesandbelow
E. On the number of. hoursconsumedusing Facebook
6 hoursandabove3 to 5 hours
2 hoursandbelow
24417114
52917
615129
1717116
216564
16.0027.3347.339.33
34.6760.674.67
41086
11.3311.3377.33
1443.3342.67
Moreover, onthe venue or placesofaccessing Facebookaccount, 52
or 34.67% saidthattheyaccess Facebookintheirhomes, 91 or 60.67%
inInternet Cafsand 7 or 4.67% intheirrespective schools. Itcanalso
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be gleaned in Table 2 thaton the numberof Facebookaccountsof the
respondents, 6 or 4% have 6 accountsandabove, 15 or 10% have 3 to 5
accountsand 86% or 129 have 2 accountsandbelow.
Table 2 also reveals that 17 or 11.33% of the respondents check
their Facebookaccounts 6 timesor more inaday, likewise, 17 or 11.33%
check theiraccounts 4 to 5 timesadayand 77.33% or 116 said that
theychecktheir Facebookaccount 3 timesandbelow. Furthermore, on
the numberofhoursconsumedusing Facebook, there were 21 or 14% of
the respondentsrevealedthattheyspent 6 hoursor more, 65 or 43.33%
spent 3 to 5 hoursand 64 or 42.67 percentspent 2 hoursandbelow.
LevelofFacebook Addiction
In Facebook Addiction Scale, higherscores indicate high levelof
Facebook Addiction. Table 3 presents the scale of Facebook addiction
among the college students respondents. It can be gleaned that
respondents rated occasionally when asked how often they stayed
longeron Facebook than they intendedtobe (2.47)andhowoften they
neglecthousehold chores to spend more time on Facebook (2.07). The
respondentsrated frequentlyonhowoftentheypreferthe excitementof
the Facebooktoface-to-face friends (2.59)andhowoftentheyform new
relationshipswithfellow Facebookusers (2.51).
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Table 3
LevelofFacebookaddictionamong College studentsin Cotabato City
N=150
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
1.Howoftendoyou findthatyoustayon Facebook longer than youintended?
2.Howoftendoyouneglecthouseholdchores to spend more time onFacebook?
3.How often do you prefer theexcitementofthe Facebooktoface-to-face friends?
4.How often do you form newrelationships with fellow Facebookusers?
5. How often do others in your lifecomplaintoyouaboutthe amountoftime youspend Facebook?
6.How oftendoyour grades or schoolworksufferbecause ofthe amountoftime youspendon Facebook?
7.Howoftendoyoucheckyour e-mailbefore something else thatyou needtodo?
8. How often does your jobperformance or productivity sufferbecause ofFacebook?
2.47
2.07
2.59
2.51
2.09
1.97
2.21
2.11
1.408
1.157
1.307
1.299
1.198
1.105
1.160
1.148
Occasionally
Occasionally
Frequently
Frequently
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
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Table 3 continued
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
9. How often do you becomedefensive or secretive whenanyone asksyouwhatyoudoonFacebook?
10.How often do you block outdisturbing thoughts about yourlife with soothing thoughts ofFacebook?
11.How often do you find yourselfanticipating whenyou will go onFacebookagain?
12.How often do you fear that lifewithout Facebook would beboring, empty, and joyless?
13.How often do you snap, yell, oract annoyed if someone bothersyouwhile youare Facebook?
14.How oftendoyou lose sleep duetolate-nightlog-ins?
15.Howoftendoyoufeel preoccupiedwith the Facebook when off-line,or fantasize about being onFacebook?
16.How often do you find yourselfsaying just a few more minuteswhenon Facebook?
17.Howoftendoyoutrytocutdownthe amount of time you spendFacebookandfail?
2.30
2.33
2.24
2.34
2.05
2.18
2.20
2.55
2.31
1.219
1.234
1.191
1.247
1.206
1.361
1.111
1.349
1.198
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
Frequently
Occasionally
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Table 3 continued
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
18.Howoftendoyou try tohide howlong youve been on Facebook?
19.Howoftendoyouchoose tospendmore time Facebookovergoingoutwithothers?
20.Howoftendoyou feeldepressed,moody, or nervouswhenyou areoff-line, whichgoesawayonce youare backon Facebook?
2.30
2.11
2.22
1.157
1.213
1.274
Occasionally
Occasionally
Occasionally
OVERALL MEAN 2.26 .745 Occasionally
Legend:
4.50 5.00 Always
3.50 4.49 Often
2.50 3.49 Frequently
1.50 2.49 Occasionally
1.00 1.49 Rarely
Moreover, The table shows that respondents rated
occasionally on the following items: How often do others inyour life
complain toyouabout the amountof time youspend Facebook (2.09);
Howoftendoyourgradesorschoolworksufferbecause ofthe amountof
time youspendon Facebook (1.97); Howoftendoyoucheckyour e-mail
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before something else thatyouneedtodo (2.21); Howoftendoesyour job
performance or productivitysufferbecause of Facebook(2.11);howoften
doyoubecome defensive orsecretive whenanyone askswhatyoudoon
facebook (2.30);howoftendoyoublockoutdisturbing thoughtsabout
yourlife withsoothingthoughtsoffacebook (2.33);howoftendoyoufear
that life without facebookwould be boring, empty, and joyless (2.34);
howoftendoyousnap, yell, oractannoyedifsomeone bothersyouwhile
youare using facebook (2.05); howoftendoyou lose sleep due to late-
nightlog-ins (2.18);howoftendoyoufeel preoccupiedwiththe facebook
whenoff-line, orfantasize aboutbeingon Facebook (2.20).
On the other hand, respondents rated frequently on how they
oftenfindthemselvessaying justafew more minuteswhenonfacebook
(2.55). Furthermore, respondentsrated occasionallyonhowoftenthey
trytocutdownthe amountoftime theyspendfacebookandfail (2.31),
howoftentheytrytohide howlongtheyve beenonfacebook (2.30), how
often theychoose tospend more time on Facebookovergoingoutwith
others ((2.11) and how often they feel depressed, moody, or nervous
whentheyare offline, whichgoesawayonce theyare backon facebook
(2.22).
Generally, the extent of respondents addiction to Facebookwas
rated occasionallywithagrand meanof2.26.
Teens and the younger generation of adults, who have never
knownaworldwithout personalcomputersorthe Internet, viewanduse
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technology differently than their parents. They seek social interaction
and interpersonal connection through social media channels. These
people stillknowthe value of more traditional formsofcommunication.
Butthroughsocial media, theycancommunicate withremote people and
broadentheir viewofculture andthe humancondition. While some may
overuse the technologymissing classes or failing to turn in
assignmentsthis is a symptom of other issues, not an addiction.
Implementingaddictiontreatmentsforoveruse ofsocial medialeavesthe
underlying cause to fester and manifest in other, perhaps more
dangerousways. (PsychologyofSocial Media Addiction, October 2010)
LevelofSelf-control
In Self-Control Scale, higherscore indicateslow Self- Control.
There are twenty-fouritemsincludedinthisstudythat measuresthe
respondentslevelofself-control. The resultsofthe ratingsofthe
respondentsare presentedin Table 4.
Generally, allrespondentsratedthe itemsinself-control Agree
withagrand meanof2.83 asshownin Table 4. Thisimpliesthatthe
respondentswere cognizantoftheiractionsandbehavior.
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Table 4
LevelofSelf-Controlamong College studentsin Cotabato City
N=150
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
1.Ioftenactonspurof the momentwithout stopping to thinking.
2.Idevote muchthoughtand efforttopreparingforthe future.
3.I often do whatever brings mepleasure here andnow, evenatthecostofsome distantgoal.
4.I am more concerned with whathappens to me in the long runratherthanthe shortrun.
5. Ifrequentlytrytoseekout projectsthatIknowwillbe difficult.
6.When things get complicated, Itendto quitorwithdraw.
7.The things in life that is easiest todobring me the most pleasure.
8.Ilike reallyhardtasksthatstretchmyabilitiestothe limits.
9.Ifeellittle needtotest myself everynowandthenbydoingsomethingalittle risky.
10. SometimesIwilltake arisk justforthe funofit.
2.90
3.15
3.05
3.00
2.89
2.59
2.79
3.01
2.89
2.75
.801
.757
.763
.819
.804
.984
.892
.831
.876
.912
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
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Table 4 continued
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
11. I find no excitement in doingthings for which I might get introuble.
12. Excitement and adventure aremore important to me thansecurity.
13. IfIhadachoice, Iwouldalmostalwaysratherdosomething mentalthansomething physical.
14. IalmostalwaysfeelbetterwithIam on the move than when I amsittingandthinking.
15. I like to read or contemplateideas more than I like to get outanddothing.
16. Iseem tohave more energyandgreaterneed foractivity than mostother people myage.
17. I try to look out others first,even if it means making thingsdifficultfor myself.
18. Im very sympathetic to otherpeople when they are havingproblems.
19. If things Idoupset people, itstheir problem not mine.
2.76
2.69
2.63
2.94
2.97
2.91
2.82
2.91
2.55
.902
.983
.886
.805
.794
.794
.820
.797
.894
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
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Table 4 continued
Item Mean Sd Interpretation
20.Iwill try to get the things Iwanteven when I know its causingproblemsforother people.
21.Ilose mytemper veryeasily.22.Often, when Im angry at people I
feel more like hurting them thantalking to them about why I amangry.
23.WhenIm reallyangry, other peoplebetterstayawayfrom me.
24.When I have a seriousdisagreementwithsomeone, Icantusuallytalkcalmlyaboutitwithoutgettingupset.
2.53
2.81
2.58
2.78
2.95
.988
.888
.914
.896
.947
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
OVERALL MEAN 2.83 .382 Agree
Legend:
3.50 4.00 StronglyAgree
2.50 3.49 Agree
1.50 2.49 Disagree
1.00 1.49 StronglyDisagree
The following items were rated Agree as their means indicate:
often act on spur of the moment without stopping to thinking (2.90),
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devote muchthoughtand effortto preparingforthe future (3.15 ), often
dowhateverbringsthem pleasure here andnow, evenatthe costofsome
distantgoal (3.05 ), theyare more concernedwithwhathappenstothem
inthe longrunratherthanthe shortrun(3.00), frequentlytrytoseekout
projectsthattheyknowwillbe difficult (2.89 ).
Alsorated Agreeonitems:tendto quitorwithdrawwhenthings
getcomplicated ( 2.59), thingsinlife thatare easiesttodobring me the
most pleasure (2.79 ), like hard tasks thatstretchabilities to the limits
(3.01), feel little need to test everynowand thenbydoingsomethinga
little risky (2.89), Sometimes willtake arisk justforthe funofit (2.75),
findno excitement indoing things forwhich they might get in trouble
(2.76), excitement and adventure are more important than security
(2.69), Ifhad a choice, theywould almost always ratherdo something
mental than something physical (2.63), almostalways feelbetterwhen
theyare onthe move thanwhentheyare sittingandthinking (2.94),
Likewise respondentsrated Agreeon:like toreadorcontemplate
ideas more thanthey like togetoutanddothings (2.97), seem tohave
more energyandgreaterneedforactivitythan mostother people oftheir
age (2.91), try to look out others first, even if it means making things
difficult for themselves (2.82), very sympathetic to other people when
theyare having problems (2.91), Ifthingstheydoupset people, itstheir
problem (2.55), willtrytogetthe thingstheywant evenwhentheyknow
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itscausing problemsforother people (2.53), dontlose theirtemper very
easily (2.81), whentheyangryat people theyfeel more like hurtingthem
than talking to them aboutwhy they are angry (2.58), when they are
reallyangry, other people betterstayawayfrom them (2.78), Whenthey
have aseriousdisagreementwithsomeone, theycanusuallytalkcalmly
aboutitwithoutgettingupset (2.95).
Aforementioned figures explain that respondents have
unanimouslyagreedon particularsituationsofdeterminingself-control.
This means that they have moderate self-control and has very slight
differencesintheirresponsesonthe itemsunder Self-control.
These actionsofself-control involvesthe feelingofwhetherone is
generating one's own behavior -- whether it is self-determined -- or
whetherone'sactsare determinedbyoutside forces (e.g., one's parents,
orone'sgeneralsituation) (www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT). The factthat
personality is located amidst neighboring systems such as biology,
situations, andgroups, whichallinfluence it, meansthatthe individual's
mentalsystem must exertsufficientself-controltoremaincoherentand
whole (Freud).
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Relationship ofrespondentsSelf-controland Facebook Addiction
Correlation analysis was performed to find out the significant
relationshipsbetween the respondents levelof Self-Controland levelof
Facebookaddiction.
Table 5
Relationship ofrespondentsself-controland Facebookaddiction
N = 150
VariablesSelf-Control
Pearsonr
Sig Interpretation
Facebook Addiction -.279** .001 Significant
**. Correlationissignificantatthe 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 5 presents the correlation matrix of the results of the
analysis. Based from the results, the Facebookaddictionamongcollege
studentsand Self-controlshowshighsignificantcorrelations (Pearsonr =
-.279) at .01 level. This means that respondents self-control has a
significant relationship towards his/her being addicted or not to
Facebook. Self-controldefines individuals personality. Freud ( ) pointed
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outthat personality (i.e., the individualhumanbeing)isasystem wedged
betweensocialdemandsand personalneeds thatoftenare ofbiological
origin. This remains the consensual view today. Personality's location
indicatesthatthe system emergesfrom biology, isincludedingroupsof
people, and mustnavigate the socialsituation. Facebook is justone of
those technological applications that eventually became a global
phenomenon (Fenichel, 2011).It isone of the biggestand most popular
social networking sites, which has millions ofusers interconnected by
giving people the power to share and make the world more open and
connected, as stated in the mission statement of the company. The
socialnetworkingcraze, the urge ofgetting hookedandbe connected,
anda feelingofsatisfaction forbeing in reveals thatself-controlhas
takenits place todetermine severityof Facebookaddiction. A meansby
whichthe individual maintainshisorher psychologicalidentity, satisfies
personalneeds, andyet meetsthe expectationsofsociety.
Furthermore, thisimpliesthatthe higherself-controlanindividual
has, the more he orshe willbe aware ofhis/heractions. Theybecome
more conscious on the adverse effects and consequences of Facebook
addictionsuchas:whentheylose sleep, neglectwork, orneglectreal-life
responsibilities over Facebook; when they cannot see themselves
detaching from Facebookby leaving the site and erasing theiraccount;
andwhentheybecome obsessedwitholdlovesor people whotheydonot
knowinreallife.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS OF
THE STUDY AND RECOMMENDATONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and
recommendationsofthisstudy.
The general aim of this study is to determine the relationship
between Self-controland Facebookaddictionamong College students in
Cotabato City. Itfurtheraimstoanswerthe following questions:
1.Whatisthe profile ofthe respondents?2.Whatisthe levelofrespondentsself-control?3.Whatisthe levelofrespondentsFacebook Addiction?4. Isthere asignificantrelationship betweenrespondentslevel
ofself-controlandtheirlevelofFacebook Addiction?
SummaryofFindings
1. ProfileAge. There were 31 or 20.67% were 17 years old, 22% or 33
respondentswere 18 yearsold, 27 or 18% were 19 yearsold, 16.67% or
25 respondentswere 20 yearsold, 13 or 8.67 percentofthe respondents
were 21 years old and 14% or 21 respondents were ages other than
mentionedabove.
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Gender. There were 74% or 111 were female and 26 percentor 39
respondentswere male.
Onthe devicesusedtoaccess Facebook. There were 24 or 16% of
the respondentsusescellphones, 41 or 27.33% uses Laptop computers,
71 or 47.33% uses Desktop computers and 9.33% or 14 respondents
uses both laptop and desktop computers to access their Facebook
account.
On the venue or places of accessing Facebook account. 52 or
34.67% saidthattheyaccess Facebookintheirhomes, 91 or 60.67% in
Internet Cafsand 7 or 4.67% intheirrespective schools.
Onthe the numberofFacebookaccountsofthe respondents. Six or
4% ofthe respondentshave 6 accountsandabove, 15 or 10% have 3 to 5
accountsand 86% or 129 have 2 accountsandbelow.
Onthe numberoftimes/frequencyofchecking Facebookaccounts.
Seventeenor 11.33% ofthe respondentschecktheir Facebookaccounts
6 timesor more inaday, also 17 or 11.33% checktheiraccounts 4 to 5
times a day and 77.33% or 116 said that they check their Facebook
account 3 timesandbelow.
Onthe numberofhoursconsumedusing Facebook. There were 21
or 14% ofthe respondentsrevealedthattheyspent 6 hoursor more, 65
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or 43.33% spent 3 to 5 hoursand 64 or 42.67 percentspent 2 hoursand
below.
2. LevelofSelf-ControlOn the level of Self-control, the respondents unanimously
rated Agreewithanoverall meanof2.83
3. LevelofFacebook AddictionThe levelofFacebookaddictionwasrated Occasionallywitha
grand meanof2.26.
4. Relationship between respondents level of self-control and theirlevelofFacebook Addiction
Findings also reveals that there is a significant relationship
betweenthe levelofFacebook Addictionand Self-controlwith Pearson
r (-.279)at .01 levelofsignificance. Higherscoresin Self-Control Scale
effect lowerscores in Facebook Addiction Scale while lowerscores in
Facebook Addiction Scale results in higher scores in Self-Control
Scale.
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Conclusion
From the findings of the study, the following conclusions have
beendrawn:
1.The respondentshave occasionalor moderate Facebookaddiction.2. Respondentshave moderate tohighself-control.3.There is a significant relationship between self-control and
Facebookaddiction.
Recommendation
Basedonthe findingsofthe study, the followingare recommended:
1. Furtherstudy isneededtoreplicate the findingsofthe present
study. It is suggested that the respondents will be open not only to
College studentsbutalsototeensand employed professionals.
2. To further study the relationship between Facebook/Social
networking addiction aside from self-control. Personal traits such
sensation seeking, aggression, neuroticism, state anxiety and trait
anxietyare suggestedtoinclude asfactorsthat mayhave relationship to
socialnetworkingaddiction.
Itissuggestedthatcertain personalitytraitsaside from self-control
maybe important in the acquisition, development, and maintenance of
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socialnetworkingaddiction. Thisistofurtherinvestigate rolesof various
personalitytraitsandtheirassociationswithsocialnetworkingaddiction.
3. Parentalsupervisionandguidance counseling isrecommended
for those whowere found tohave acquiredsocialnetworkingaddiction
suchasthe case ofFacebook Addiction Disorder.
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Republicofthe Philippines
Cotabato CityState Polytechnic College
Sinsuat Avenue, Cotabato City
Dear Respondent,
We, Fourth Year BS Psychology Students of Cotabato City State
Polytechnic College, are conducting a study of the use of Facebook
among College Students. We would like to ask your support to this
researchbybeingarespondenttothe questionnaire below. Restsassure
thatyouranswerwillbe strictlykeptconfidentialandusedonly forthe
study.
Thankyou verymuchforyoursupport.
Verytrulyyours,
Amirudin K.AbasSukarno K. Abdulrakman
Maria Lisa G.Bajado
Celfani Love C. Vergara
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