Post on 19-Jan-2016
9A Unit39A Unit3November
do not have secrets at home
don’t have enough time to do homework
have no close friends to talk to
feel lonely
get too many tests and exams
中考
no communication with parents
too noisy at home
spend too much time in doing homework.
do not get enough time to sleep
A ‘To’ –infinitives to do/to be
do/be( 省略 to 的不定式 )( 动词不定式 )
B ‘Wh-’ words+‘to’ –infinitives（特殊疑问词）
Learning aims:
2.He refuses _____ (do) so much homework.to do
1.He has a lot of homework_____(do).to do
A ‘To’ –infinitives
Fill in the blanks
3.His parents don’t allow him __________(turn up) the radio so loud.
to turn up
4.His dream is ____(be) a great football
player.
to be
Predicative ( 表语 )
The functions of ‘To’ –infinitives
Predicative Subject
P （表语） S( 主语 ) O( 宾语）Object
Object complement
OC （宾语补足语）
AttributiveAdverbial
Adv. （状语） Attr. （定语）
eg ：
Predicative
1.Her duty is________ (clean) the blackboard.
2.Our work is________ (teach) the students.
Attention ：不定式作表语时，跟在系动词
(am,is,are,seem 等 ) 后面。
His dream is to be a great football player.
P
系表结构
to clean
to teach
Subject
不定式短语作主 语，常用 it 作形式主语，将不定式后置。动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数。
=To plant trees every year is necessary.
Subject
It is necessary________ (plant) trees every year.to plant
agree, decide, hope, prepare, learn,
promise, try, want, plan, refuse,
remember, forget,need...
He promised ________ (go)swimming.
1. He hopes ________(go) to college.
2. She chose___________( not buy) the ticket.
Objectto go
to go
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：not to buy
to do
填空：O
My mother told me not to ride a bike on a rainy day.
Object complement
OC
不能省略 , 放宾语后面 , 对宾语的补充说明
常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
tell, allow, warn( 警告 ), ask, advise, invite …
I have something to eat.
Attributive
划分句子的成分
S V O Attr.
放在名词后面作后置定语，可省略
She is always the last___________(leave).
He has a lot of homework_______(do).to do
to leave
填空：
He is looking for a room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about.
Attention：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 , 则不定式中要有介词 .
Attributive
Adverbial
Adverbial
to express purpose （目的状语）
to express result （结果状语）
eg: I will come to chat with you.
The little baby has grown up to be a nice girl.
purpose
result
The baby has grown up to be a nice girl. She works in Wuxi. On this National Day, she got up early to catch the first bus to go home. She saw many people standing around her house. She rushed there to see what was happening. What a pity! She came back home to find her house on fire!
Adverbial to express purpose( 目的状语 ) （ 1 ）
Adverbial to express result( 结果状语 ) （ 2 ）
（ 2 ）
（ 1 ）
（ 1 ）（ 2 ）
watch/see/notice
let
make
have
hear
半帮助 help sb.do/to do sth.
特殊动词
使役动词
sb. do sth./sb. doing sth.
（表示动作的过程 )/( 表示动作的片段 )
do sth.
Tip Some verbs take a bare infinitive (without ‘to’) 不带‘ to’ 的动词
eg:1.I made him do his work.
He was made to do his work (by me).
make sb. do sth.
2.We often see her walk into the office.
She is often seen to walk into the office (by us).
sb. be made to do sth.
see sb. do sth. sb. be seen to do sth.
被动语态 ( 注意时态 ) ：
判断句子成分，将答案填写在括号里（ A 、 Subject 主语， B 、 Predicative 表语， C 、 Object 宾语， D 、 Object complement 宾补， E 、 Attributive 定语 ， F 、 Adverbial 状语 ）（ ） 1 、 It is important to learn English well.
（ ） 2 、 Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class .
（ ） 3 、 She ran fast to catch the first bus .
（ ） 4 、 My purpose is to help you solve your problem.
（ ） 5 、 Have you got anything important to tell me ?
（ ） 6 、 The little baby has grown up to be a beautiful girl .
（ ） 7 、 The boy decided not to be late for school again.
A
B
C
D
F
E
F
Exercises
B ‘Wh-’ words+‘to’ –infinitives
She doesn’t know what ______(wear).to wear
She doesn’t know what she should wear.
She doesn’t know which one_______ (choose).to choose
She doesn’t know which one she should choose.
1. Sandy wants to know where ______
(ask) for advice.
2. Millie does not know how _______
(solve) her problems.
3. My question is when_________(start).
to ask
to solve
Exercises
to start
4. Could you tell me which_____ (do) first,
my homework or my favourite hobby?
5. Paul doesn’t know what______ (do).
6.Where________(meet) is very important.
to do
to do
to meet
1.Paul knows who he should talk to for help.
Paul knows _____ ____ ____ ____ for help.
2.Simon does not know what he should do.
Simon does not know _____ ____ _____ .
3.You should decide which you should do first.
You should decide _____ _____ ____ first.
4.Simon forgot when he should meet his friends.
Simon forgot _____ _____ ______his friends.
who to talk to
what to do
which to do
when to meet
Have a try
5. Sandy wants to know where she can
ask for advice.
Sandy wants to know _____ ____ ____
for advice.
6. Millie doesn’t know how she can solve
her problem.
Millie doesn’t know _____ ____ _____
her problem.
where to ask
how to solve
wh- 特殊疑问词 +to-infinitive 相当于一个名词 , 可以在句子中充当 主语、宾语、表语等 ; 作主语时 ,谓语动词是单数 ; 作宾语时 , 前面的动词常常有： ask, decide, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, remember, see, tell, understand 等
B ‘Wh-’ words +‘to’ -infinitives
Tips: Why 一般不用于此结构。 why 只用于 why 或why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to 。
a dictionary a phone call
Activity
a book a coffee shop a beautiful woman
a lovely baby
1. Which is important for you when you have problems learning English?
A. B. C. a newspaper a dictionary a comic book
___________ is important for me to learn English.翻译：学习英语对我来说很重要。It is important for me ________English well.A dictionary
to learn
Subject( 主语 )
Linda invites Simon________(join) in her birthday party at 6 p.m.
to join
Object complement （宾补）
But she doesn’t know ____________
( 如何组织 ) the party.
how to organize
This book is worth reading if you have some problems with your daily life.
The writer’s advice is _______ (take) it for the teenagers.
to take
Predicative( 表语 )
Millie needs a cup of coffee_______ (cheer) her up.to cheer
However,she finds there is nothing_______(eat).to eatAdverbial( 目的状语）
Attributive( 定语 )
She doesn’t know which one
________(choose).to choose
Homework:
A.Review the usage of ‘to’ –infinitives and ‘wh-’ words +‘to’ –infinitives.
B.Finish the exercises on P50 and P51.
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