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Phonological Phonological OverregularityOverregularity

语音上的不规则现象语音上的不规则现象

Phonological OverregularityPhonological Overregularity

Phonological overregularity is characteristic of literature, especially poetry. It consists of two aspects, namely phonemic patterning （音位上的构形） and rhythmic patterning （节奏模式） .

Phonological OverregularityPhonological Overregularity

Phonological overregularity consists of two aspects, namely phonemic patterning （音位上的构形） and rhythmic patterning （节奏模式） .

Phonemic Patterning

Phonemic Patterning Phonemic Patterning 音位上的构形音位上的构形alliteration

consonance

assonance

onomatopoeia

rhyme

AlliterationAlliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of the initial consonant cluster in stressed syllable.

It is usually used to form a connection or a connection of contrast.

AlliterationAlliteration

what is meant by the initial consonant cluster?

In English, a syllable consists of three parts: an initial consonant cluster, a vowel or diphthong and a final consonant cluster.

AlliterationAlliteration

The initial consonant cluster is formed by 0, 1, 2, or 3 consonants. For example, the longest initial consonant cluster ‘strong’ /str/, where there are three consonants.

cvc cvc=alliteration 头韵 last but not least now and never safe and sound speech is silver, silence is golden. great and grand ， pride and prejudice

AlliterationAlliteration

Freedom is not given free to any who ask, liberty is not born of the Gods. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle. (F. Norris)

Cold are the crabs （蟹类） that crawl on yonder hills,

Colder the cucumbers that grow beneath… (Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crabs)as cool as a cucumber: cool and calm

AlliterationAlliteration

Freedom is not given free to any who ask, liberty is not born of the Gods. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle. (F. Norris)

AlliterationAlliteration

Cold are the crabs （蟹类） that crawl on yonder hills,

Colder the cucumbers that grow beneath…

(Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crabs)as cool as a cucumber: cool and calm

AssonanceAssonance

Assonance is the repetition of identical vowel or diphthong in stressed syllables. It is one of the important phonological features of literary texts.

cvc cvc= 元音垒韵

AssonanceAssonance

e.g. (4) Think from how many trees Dead leaves are brought To earth on seed or wing… (Vernon Watkins, The Compost

Heap)

AssonanceAssonance

trees, leaves and seedthe cycle of lifemusical quality of a literary textmeaning of a literary text

ConsonanceConsonance

Consonance is the repetition of the final consonant cluster in stressed syllables.

cvc cvc= 和声e.g.

ConsonanceConsonance

Like one in danger, Cautious, I offered him a Crumb And he unrolled his feathers And rowed him softer home—　　　 Than Oars divide the Ocean. Too silver for a seam － Or Butterflies, off Banks of Noon Leap, plashless as they swim. (Emily Dickinson, A Bird)

ConsonanceConsonance

(6) Nothing lovelier than that lonely call,

Bare and singular, like a gull, And three notes or four, then that

was all. It drew up from the quiet like a well, Waited, sang, and vanishing, was

still. (Jon Swan, In Her Song She Is Alone)

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia is ambiguous and can

be interpreted in several different ways. For our analysis, two interpretations are relevant.

Firstly, it refers to the use of words formed in imitation of the natural sounds associated with the object or action involved.

Secondly, the words which suggest natural sounds reinforce the meaning conveyed in the text unit.

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is referred to by Alexander Pope as a necessary part of a poet’s technique.

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

The BrookI chatter over stony ways,In little sharps and trebles,I bubble into eddying bays,I babble on the pebbles. (Tennyson, The Brook)

RhymeRhyme

Rhyme is defined in Concise Oxford Dictionary as “identity of sounds between words or verse lines extending back from the end to the last fully accented vowel and not further”.

Thus, a rhyme word may in theory have one, two, three or more syllables, though in practice rhymes of more than two syllables are rare in serious literature.

RhymeRhyme

One-syllable rhymes, which are in the vast majority, are referred to as masculine rhymes

two-syllable rhymes are called feminine rhymes.

Other kinds of rhymes may simply be called poly-syllabic rhymes.

RhymeRhyme

She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry

skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes; Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day

denies. (Byron, She Walks in Beauty)masculine rhymesmasculine rhymes

RhymeRhyme

Reflections on Ice-breaking Candy Is dandy, But liquor Is quicker. (Ogden Nash)

feminine rhymesfeminine rhymes

RhymeRhyme Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashion’d so slenderly, Young, and so fair! (Thomas Hood, The Bridge of

Sighs)masculine and poly-syllabic masculine and poly-syllabic rhymesrhymes

End rhymes occur at the end of verse End rhymes occur at the end of verse lineslines

RhymeRhyme Rhyme which occurs within a verse

line is called internal rhyme.Far from city’s strident jangle as I

angle, smoke and dream. (Newman Levy, Midsummer

Jingle)

RhymeRhyme Rhyme which is formed by repeating

either the vowel (or diphthong) or the final consonant cluster is called half-rhyme (semi-rhyme).

Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all.(Emily Dickinson, Hope Is the thing

with Feather)

RhymeRhyme a rhyme-scheme （韵脚）

RhymeRhyme For I have known them all already, known them

all— Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons, I have measured out my life with coffee spoons; (T. S. Eliot, The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock)