1 Phonological Overregularity 语音上的不规则现象. Phonological overregularity is...
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Transcript of 1 Phonological Overregularity 语音上的不规则现象. Phonological overregularity is...
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Phonological Phonological OverregularityOverregularity
语音上的不规则现象语音上的不规则现象
Phonological OverregularityPhonological Overregularity
Phonological overregularity is characteristic of literature, especially poetry. It consists of two aspects, namely phonemic patterning (音位上的构形) and rhythmic patterning (节奏模式) .
Phonological OverregularityPhonological Overregularity
Phonological overregularity consists of two aspects, namely phonemic patterning (音位上的构形) and rhythmic patterning (节奏模式) .
Phonemic Patterning
Phonemic Patterning Phonemic Patterning 音位上的构形音位上的构形alliteration
consonance
assonance
onomatopoeia
rhyme
AlliterationAlliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of the initial consonant cluster in stressed syllable.
It is usually used to form a connection or a connection of contrast.
AlliterationAlliteration
what is meant by the initial consonant cluster?
In English, a syllable consists of three parts: an initial consonant cluster, a vowel or diphthong and a final consonant cluster.
AlliterationAlliteration
The initial consonant cluster is formed by 0, 1, 2, or 3 consonants. For example, the longest initial consonant cluster ‘strong’ /str/, where there are three consonants.
cvc cvc=alliteration 头韵 last but not least now and never safe and sound speech is silver, silence is golden. great and grand , pride and prejudice
AlliterationAlliteration
Freedom is not given free to any who ask, liberty is not born of the Gods. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle. (F. Norris)
Cold are the crabs (蟹类) that crawl on yonder hills,
Colder the cucumbers that grow beneath… (Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crabs)as cool as a cucumber: cool and calm
AlliterationAlliteration
Freedom is not given free to any who ask, liberty is not born of the Gods. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle. (F. Norris)
AlliterationAlliteration
Cold are the crabs (蟹类) that crawl on yonder hills,
Colder the cucumbers that grow beneath…
(Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crabs)as cool as a cucumber: cool and calm
AssonanceAssonance
Assonance is the repetition of identical vowel or diphthong in stressed syllables. It is one of the important phonological features of literary texts.
cvc cvc= 元音垒韵
AssonanceAssonance
e.g. (4) Think from how many trees Dead leaves are brought To earth on seed or wing… (Vernon Watkins, The Compost
Heap)
AssonanceAssonance
trees, leaves and seedthe cycle of lifemusical quality of a literary textmeaning of a literary text
ConsonanceConsonance
Consonance is the repetition of the final consonant cluster in stressed syllables.
cvc cvc= 和声e.g.
ConsonanceConsonance
Like one in danger, Cautious, I offered him a Crumb And he unrolled his feathers And rowed him softer home— Than Oars divide the Ocean. Too silver for a seam - Or Butterflies, off Banks of Noon Leap, plashless as they swim. (Emily Dickinson, A Bird)
ConsonanceConsonance
(6) Nothing lovelier than that lonely call,
Bare and singular, like a gull, And three notes or four, then that
was all. It drew up from the quiet like a well, Waited, sang, and vanishing, was
still. (Jon Swan, In Her Song She Is Alone)
OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia is ambiguous and can
be interpreted in several different ways. For our analysis, two interpretations are relevant.
Firstly, it refers to the use of words formed in imitation of the natural sounds associated with the object or action involved.
Secondly, the words which suggest natural sounds reinforce the meaning conveyed in the text unit.
OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is referred to by Alexander Pope as a necessary part of a poet’s technique.
OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia
The BrookI chatter over stony ways,In little sharps and trebles,I bubble into eddying bays,I babble on the pebbles. (Tennyson, The Brook)
RhymeRhyme
Rhyme is defined in Concise Oxford Dictionary as “identity of sounds between words or verse lines extending back from the end to the last fully accented vowel and not further”.
Thus, a rhyme word may in theory have one, two, three or more syllables, though in practice rhymes of more than two syllables are rare in serious literature.
RhymeRhyme
One-syllable rhymes, which are in the vast majority, are referred to as masculine rhymes
two-syllable rhymes are called feminine rhymes.
Other kinds of rhymes may simply be called poly-syllabic rhymes.
RhymeRhyme
She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry
skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes; Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day
denies. (Byron, She Walks in Beauty)masculine rhymesmasculine rhymes
RhymeRhyme
Reflections on Ice-breaking Candy Is dandy, But liquor Is quicker. (Ogden Nash)
feminine rhymesfeminine rhymes
RhymeRhyme Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashion’d so slenderly, Young, and so fair! (Thomas Hood, The Bridge of
Sighs)masculine and poly-syllabic masculine and poly-syllabic rhymesrhymes
End rhymes occur at the end of verse End rhymes occur at the end of verse lineslines
RhymeRhyme Rhyme which occurs within a verse
line is called internal rhyme.Far from city’s strident jangle as I
angle, smoke and dream. (Newman Levy, Midsummer
Jingle)
RhymeRhyme Rhyme which is formed by repeating
either the vowel (or diphthong) or the final consonant cluster is called half-rhyme (semi-rhyme).
Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all.(Emily Dickinson, Hope Is the thing
with Feather)
RhymeRhyme a rhyme-scheme (韵脚)
RhymeRhyme For I have known them all already, known them
all— Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons, I have measured out my life with coffee spoons; (T. S. Eliot, The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock)