Post on 12-Mar-2016
description
Á¿≈ûÚ Æ¡õ z Áõ£∂ú ƺ≈à Õπùd£ÖÚ ‚®ú xZ¬≈ò Æ•òd
f£•πΩ≤≈à
ÕçZ x£ïÆì z f¬≤¿≈Ö yf£Ö fd „≈õg xZÆûZ ‡¿ùÆï gZ ÁôfØÖ ’™Ö
£`ù ‰`≤û¨`úZ (Ø`•¿ç) xd£`¡ú ‚`ùÆ`Ö gZ ‚`ù xZÆ`ûZ x£`ïÆ`ì zÁ`ç£`¿é Á`•±ù
Æ`¡õ y∞`ûz ‰`Ö x£`•ç£``Ö xZÆ`ûZ¬`û Á`π±æï £`ù ‰`≤û¨``úZ z Á`¿≈ûÚ z Á`ú£`ú
£`ù ‰`≤û¨`úZ /Õ`çZ y¨`é ‚`ùZÆ`ï Á`ûZd¬`Ö£`ùf£`Ö Á`ûZd¬`Ö z Á`ú£`ú¬`û Á`π±æï
Æ`à fd g¬`¿ù Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ ˘z ,¨`úZ y¨`é ‰`•ã£`¿é ’`≈Ö z ‚`ò z Á`çfÆ`Öyd
‰`ò ZÆ`ûg ,Õ`çZ y¨`ú£``õ Ø`õf £`à Æ`Ö d¬`ã „`≈ûÚ „``ûZ d£`≈¿Ö gZf ‰`û
„™ç ‚ù £Ö Øõf ydÆà fd z ¨¿•éZ¨ú Z ‰•é¬ú ”≈ù ,ÕçZ yd¬Ö Ø≈õÚ
Á`û£`çÆ`Ü „`≈ûÚ ’`≈Ö gZ ’`≈Ö jÆ`•±ô £`Ö ,¨`¿•πô Á`õ‰`ú£`≤ú gZ f£`≈±Ö
‰•™≈õÚ —≈±õ „≈ûÚ £Ö ,¨ú£õg£Ö ÆôZ z Õïf x£≈õ gZ Ø≈ú y¨ú£õg£Ö £ù
Áøçf £Ö x£≈ú£ç£ç xZfzd fd ‚ù xZÆûZ fd /ÕïÆô fZÆñ xÚ ’é¬à Æûg z
¬`õ£`ã ‰`Ö zf Æ`¡õ „`≈ûÚ ,Á`•≤Üfg „`ûd y¨`é£`ù y¨`ú£`õg£`Ö z d£`¡ú Á`é
Ö Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ Æ`Ωûd £`ù y¨`ú£`õg£`Ö £`û z £`ù ‰`ÖZÆ`¡õÁ`õ Õ`ï£`û Á`•™ç ‰`
Á`õ Á`úZÆ`ûZ x£`ïÆ`ì y∞`ûz ‰`Ö xZÆ`ûZ [dZ fd £`¡¿Ü /¨`ú¬`é£`ù ‰`ú£`≤ú xZ¬`Ü
/dÆò ¬®•±â Zf „≈ûÚ „ûZ
„≈õg xZÆûZ
6
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Á¿≈ûÚ Æ¡õ z Áõ£∂ú ƺ≈à Õπù
Á`õ£`∂ú Æ`º≈à Õ`πù ‰``Ö fl`¿ûZfd r y 526 fd Á`õ£`∂ú /‚`ûÆ`Ωú Á`õ
£`û ¨`§¿ô Õ`πù /Õ`çZ ‰`•é≠`ô fd 602 fd £`û¬`ô z ¨`é ydZg ‰`®¿ôÕ`πù
¬`¿¶õ „`≈ø®¿à z Õ`çZ ‰`•ï£`û x£`û£`à r y 598 v£`ç fd Æ`º≈à,Á`õ£`∂ú
Æ``ç x£``•çZd „``ûÆ` `•ôfØ``Ö¬``¿¶õ /Õ``çZ xZÆ``ûZ xZÆ``ì£``é ZzZ Æ``Ωûd £``ù
˙`≈ö ,„`ûÆ`≈ézÆ`±ã ,fZÆ``çÍZ xØ`™õA/Õ`çZ @‰`õ£`ú f¨`¿ºçZ z x¬``¿®õ
¨`ùd Á`õ x£`≤ú ‰`õ£`ú f¨`¿ºçZ z Æ`º≈à Õ`πù y∞`ûz ‰`Ö Á`õ£`∂ú £`ù ydzÆ`ç
Á`ú£`•ç£`Ö ‡`¿ùÆ`ï ‰`Ö ‰`ò’`úZd gZ /Õ`çZ ‰`•éZd Á`û£``¿éÚ xZÆ`ûZ Æ`¡ßç
yÆ`¡Ö Á`ç£`¿éÆ`•ãZ z Á``ç£`¿é¬`û¬`æ¡à Õ`øºä gZ /Õ`çZ yd¬`Ö ¨`¿õ £`û x
/Õ`çZ ‰`•éZd Á`ù£`ôÚ ’`≈Ö z ‚`ò x£`ûd£`ÖÚ f¬`ã z x£`∏õ „`≈ûÚ z Á`úZzÆ`±ã
’`úZd ‰`Ö ‰`•çZfÚ ‰`ò Õ`çZ Á`ú£`ΩúZgÆ`ï gZ zZ‰`Ö /Õ`çZ d¬`ã x£`õg £`ù
‰`≈πã w¬`æìA x£`õg xÚ Ø`≈õÚ gZf £``ù ’`úZd,£`≈ø≈ò x¬`å (Á`ú£`¡¿à) @
‰`•é¬`ú £`Ö (1) /Õ`çZ ‰`•éZd Õ`çd / / / z ,£`≈øûf ,£`≈ø≈ç ,£`≈ø≈ö£`ù
(2) ÕçZ yd¬Ö £¿éÚ x£≈ú£ú¬û Áπ±æï
£ùgZf yf£éZ z Øõf ydÆà fd £Ü ÕçZ y¨≈é¬ò jd¬ã ‰•πô ‰Ö Áõ£∂ú
:¨û£õÆï Áõ ƺ≈à Õπù fd ,¨¿ò ¬ôg£Ö Zf
ÕçZ ¨Ö z fl≈ú g zZ ‚∂ú fd ‰åÆù£```éZ z Ø```õf ‰```øù\f
ÕçZ dÆã
‰ú£ôZ¨â Z ‰ú£±ïZ flûÆù ‰ú£±ïZ ‰ú ¨é –¿ô ‰ú£ã
„≈õg xZÆûZ
7
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
¬`ô ,Æ`º≈à Õ`πù fd wZÆ`¡Ö ’`¿ûØ`ô fd£`ù£`é ,zÆ`±™≈ò , xz¨`ûÆ``ï Á`ûx
wZÆ`¡Ö £`û ‰`¿îÆ`áfz Õ`≤û z /Õ`çZ ‰`•éZd Æ`∂ú fd Zf £`ùdZdÆ`¡õ z Á`ú£`ºéZ
/ÕçZ ydÆò g£çg£Ö Zf Õ≤û
fd ZÆûg /dfzÚ Áõ d£û ‰Ö Zf Ƨõ£≈à Æ¡õ d¬ã ‰`õ£`úf¨`¿ºçZ fd f¨`¿ºçZ
¿ºçZ gZ x¬`ô£`ú¬`ô yÆ`¡å ‰`ç ‰`õ£`¿ö£`§ñZ z ‰`õ£`¿ïÆ`é¨`ùd Á`õ x£`≤ú f¨`
Áú£ô¨úg [Ú ¬®•±â fd Ƨõ£≈à ÆΩûd ,fzÚ ‡¿â z Æ≈öd Áºû ‰ò
¨`¿ø≤û¨`úZ Á`õ¬`ç z Á``ºûf£`Ü fdÁ`û¬`º≈ú x£`•çÆ`¡é y¨``úg£`ç z zA
(3) /ÕçZ @Æ•≤ã j¬¡ú
¨`õÚ Õ`édfg £`ù ydzÆ`ç £`û x£`ù£`ô fd Á`Ö¬`ã Æ`¡éfd Õ`≤Üdfg /Õ`çZ y
/¨õÚ fd Ã磕≤ô dØú ¬ú Á¿≈ûÚ z „ûd £Ö ÁΩö£ç ·¡å
dg ‚æì Áû¬º≈ú x£•çÆ¡é ‰Ödg ‚`ù ‰`Ö Zf ¸£`ì Ã`≈ÜÆ`Ü ‰`øù
Ñ(Æ•±§é gZf „≤æô)
£`≈à Æ`¡õ £`¡≈ô∞`ûz gZ ‰`çÆ`ù ,Æ`§õ£`≈à z fzÚ ‡`¿â ,Æ`≈ödÕ`çZ Æ`§õ
/ÕçZ Áû¬º≈ú x£•çÆ¡é „•ã£ç Áà fd fzÚ wgf z fzÍd ¨¿õdÆã ‰ò
¨`≈ù£`ú z Æ`¡õ yf£`Ö fd f£`•±â [£`•ò fd w¨`∫õ ¨`ø©õ Æ`•òd d£`û y¨`úg
Á`õzf £`¡ú£`•çZd fd f¨`¿ºçZ ‰`ò ¨`ùd Á`õ x£`≤ú (4)x£`øù Á`úZÆ`ûZ z
£`ô¨`¿û¬`â Æ`Ωûd Á`ù£`ô ‰`ò Õ`çZ Æ`§õ£`≈à Æ`¡õÁ`ºû „`≈úÆ`∫öZze £`Ö Zf zZ x
‰`•±®ô f¨`¿ºçZ x£`øô Á`Ö xÚ z ¨`úZ ‰`•±úZdZÆ`ûg /Õ`±≈ú Á`úz¨`∫õ
/ÕçZ Ƨõ£≈à d¬ã „≈úÆ∫öZze
w£ú d¬Ö xZ¨Ö ’úÆñ zd Ãä£è ‰ò[Æ`∏õ z rÆ`≤õ Æ`Ö ‰`ò
„≈õg xZÆûZ
8
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
w£ô dfzÚ
¿•çZ¬`ã Á`øú ‰`ò Á`û£`ù£``Ω•çd ZÆ`Ö¨`ú£`øÖ Á`ú£`≤ú zZ „`ûd z Æ``¡õ gZ ¨`
à Á`ú£`•çZd £`Ö f£`å£`ú ¨`û£`Ö ‰`ò ¨`õÚ ¨`û¨`à “`ûf£`Ü Á`Ω≈¡Ü„`ûZ ZÆ`Ö :d¬`é Æ`
¨`údg f¨`¿ºçZ „`õZd ‰`Ö Õ``çd f£`ò‰`ò d¬`é Á`õ fzÚd£`û w¨``∫õ Æ`•òd /
¨`é ‰`•™≈õÚ x£`¿å Æ`¡õ £`Ö f¨`¿ºçZ x£`•çZd⁄`ë£`ñ x£`ùÆ`Ö fd ‰`ò d¬``Ö y
£`ú (f¨`¿ºçZ) zZ fd£`õ w£`ú : ‰`ò Õ`çZ y¨`õÚ¨`¿û¬`ô Á`¥∑Ö z d¬`Ö ¨`≈ù
x¬`åA : Õ`çZ y¨`õÚ Á`ú£`ûÆ`ç ‰`•é¬`ú fl`û fd /¨`é Æ`§ø≈à f¨`¿ºçZZfZd
¬`å ,dÆ`Ö g£`øú zZ Æ`Ö ¨``ûd Zf f¨`¿ºçZÆ`¡õ f¨`¿ºçZ ‰`ò Õ`éZd fz£``Ö x
úZÆ`ûZ ‰`Ö ‰`ò ,Õ`çZ y¨`õÚ dzÆ`ï x£`øçÚ gZ z Õ`çZ ¨`úzZ¨`ã,¨`ùd f£`û x£`≈
yd£`¡ú Æ`ç Æ`Ö Á`â£`Ü z d¬`Ö x£`ûZ¨`ã ¨`¿ú£`õ zZ ‰`õ£`â x¬`å¬`ÜÆ`à £`Ö d¬`Ö
/¨≈éf¬ã
Øâ Á±ò ‘ûfdZ £û ‘õÆù /¨û¬ô Áõ „™ç ‘õÆù gZ ‰õ£úf¨¿ºçZ fd
/dÆÖ Áõ w£ú x£¡â g£îÚ ZÆÖ ‘õÆù y£ô¨ûd gZ /Õ±≈ú Ƨõ£≈à Æ¡õ
Õ±™ú gZ ¨ûÆïÚ x¬å ‰ò ‚úZ¨ú Õçfd ‚úZ¨Ö ’¿ûÆïÚ d¬âz
Æ`¡õ xZfz£`û gZ Á`ºû Á`ù£``ô ‘`õÆ`ùÁ`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ ‰`õ£`ô „`≈•±™ú z
y¨`é fzf£`Ö ‰`å£`ûfd [Ú gZ ‰`ò ¨`≈ù£`ú yØ`≈ézd gZ Æ`¡õ /Õ`çZÁ`õ y¨`≈ûZg ,
¨`ûfZzÆ`õ z @¨`≈ù£`úA Ø`õf ,q¨`è ,d¬`é/Õ`çZ @Æ`¡õA Ø`õf ,xÚ xzfd
‰`Ö z y¨`õÚ Æ`Ö [Ú gZ ‰`ò ¨`úZ ‰`•πô [Ú gZ y¨`õÚ Æ`Ö Ø`≈ú Zf ‘`õÆ`ù[Ú
/Õïf ¨ùZ¬ã zÆï
¨≈çf £ûfd qfh „û¨Ö ‘õÆù ¬å¨````ûd Á`` ``ùfz Ø````ò
„≈õg xZÆûZ
9
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
¨û¨ú Áû£ùf
Á±ò ÆÖ „ûÆïÚ Õπô z Õïf zÆï Á±Ö dfZ¨ú Á•≤ò Í£ò ‰ò
¨û¬ô Áõ ‰õ£ú f¨¿ºçZ fd Áõ£∂ú ‚≈ºä
jÆï Ø§ç „ûZ Í£Ö ‰ò w¨≈¿éÕ``çZ ¨``≈ßç Á``çzÆ``ãÆ``ûg fd
jÆì
vZzd Zf d¬ã ·§ë ¨úg ÆÖ zZ ¬åv£Ö ¨¿Ö¬ºÖ ÆΩûd x£çzÆã
_fZ Æ`à xZÆ`ûZ Á`ú£`•ç£`Ö „`¡ò £`ù „`≈ûÚ fd ¨`≈ßç izÆ`ãfd /Õ`çZ yd¬`Ö
zÚ /d¬`é Á`õ ‰`û¨`ù Æ`¡õ ‰`Ö ¨`≈ßç izÆ`ã fl`û Æ`¡õ „`≈ûÚ„`øûÆ`ùZ zZ Z
Æ`ç pÆ`õ x£`øù izÆ`ã /¨`ùd Á``õ fZÆ`ï Zf' 14 dZ¨`û¨`úz) Õ`çZ ‰`éz
dzÆ`à Zf xÚ x£`¿û¨`ò£`à ‰`ò (19Gd¬`ã ‡`¿ùÚ pÆ`õ „`ûZ /¨`¿úZ¬`ã Á`õ if
rÆé ‰Ö zf z ¨ûØ≈ãÆÖ ¨û¬ô Áõ z ¨¿ò Áõ ¨¿æÖ (y£Ωà) dZ¨õ£Ö fd Zf
fd yz£Ö¬ú ¬`≤•±é „≈ûÚ ‰ò ¨`±û¬ú Áõ Õ≈ö¬ß≈ù /(5) ¨`≈úZ¬`™Ö g£`øú
‰`•ïÆ`ô Á`õ w£`®úZ izÆ`ã ZzÚ £`Ö wd y¨`≈ßç w£`Ω¿ù ‰`Ö £`ù ‰`ÖZÆ`¡õ/Õ`çZ
£`ã Á`õ Æ`Ö i£`ßç z ’`û£`≈ú ‰`Ö wd y¨`≈ßç fd Ø`≈ú izÆ`ã ZzÚ £`Ö/¨`¿•ç
/dfZd xZÆûZ Áú£•ç£Ö ‡¿ùÆï ‰Ö Áõ£∂ú Áû£¿éÚ gZ Áú£≤ú Í£Ö ydzÆç
gZ Áû£ù ‰ú£≤ú ¨û£é ,‚ûdÆô Áõ ÆÖ ‰õ£ú wZÆ¡Ö £û ƺ≈à Õπù ‰Ö fl¿ûZ
@‰âÆáfzA ‘ú£≈é¬ç ÆΩûd w£úÆÖ £•çzZ fd /‚≈Ö£û g£Ö xÚ fd Á¿≈ûÚ Æ¡õ
/ÕçZ y¨õÚ wZÆ¡Ö £û
¬`ÜZÆ`ßõZ x£`§ù£`Ωú Zf Æ`¡õ ,wzf f¬`ÜZÆ`ßõZ fdÁ`õ y£`ßç x£`§≈•≤à z f
ZdÆ`¡õ Õ`±≤ú Á`õ Õ`™Ü Æ`Ö x¬`å y£`é Á`ú£`ºéZ xZfzd fd /¨`¿•±úZdw£`ú d
„≈õg xZÆûZ
10
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Æ`≈à ,x£`≈õzf z x£`≈úZÆ`ûZ ‰`å ,Õ`ïÆ`ô Á`õ‰`å z Á`ú£`¡â „`ûZ ‰`å Zf gz
(6) /¨¿•±úZd Áõ Æ¡õ Áú£§≈•≤à ‰Ö ,pzfd ÆÖ Zf Á•çZf gzÆ≈à
‰`ò x£`•±¿õfZ fdA :¨`±û¬`ú Á`õ w¨`∫õ ¨`ø©õ Æ`•òd d£`û y¨`úgØ`òÆ`õ fl`û
‰`•πô ‰`Ö z Õ`çZ yd¬`Ö Æ``¡õ „`ûd£`ô ‰`ç fl`û gZ i¬`Ωú£``á£`ôÚ Á`Ωú
¨`≈ù£`úZ z ,Æ`¡õ w£`úÆ`Ö ,wZÆ`¡Ö ' „`ô£`ùZz ,dØ`õfzZ(7) ¨`û¬`ô Á`õ „`™ç
ç fdHÑ(8) /ÕçZ y¨é y¨≈õ£ú :f¬≤ò Õπù Z¨ã Æ¡õ ¨∏
y¨`é ydZd Æ`¡õ ‰`Ö ‰`ò Æ`ôdZd ,fzÍd ,Æ`û≠`à£`ú Õ`±ºé £`ù w£`úÆ`Ö£`Ö Õ`çZ
Õ`çZ x£`±øù Æ`º≈à Õ`πù fd wZÆ``¡Ö £`¡≈ô∞`ÖzxZfzd fd ‰`ò ¨`é ‰`•πô /
ç yfzd fd y£`é wZÆ`¡Ö x¬`å z Õ`çZ "Æ`¡õ" ˙`®Ü y£`é Á`ú£`ºéZÁ`ú£`ç£`
£`õ Õ`çZ yd¬`Ö fzÚ wgf z Æ``≈öd z Æ`ôdZd˙`®•õ Á`ú£`ºéZ x£`ù£``é ¨`¿ú
/ ÕçZ ‰•≤ô "Æ¡õ"
Á`û£`ù ’`∫ú fd wZÆ`¡Ö z Æ`¡õ Á`ú£`±øù „`ûZy£`Ω≤•çÆ`à fd Æ`¡õ gZ ‰`ò
,d¬`é Á`õ y¨`ûd Á`¿ézf ‰`Ö y¨`ú£`õ g£`Ö wzf z x£` Ú fd Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ £`ù
£`Ω¿ù y£`ôf£`ºé fd Ã`çZ Æ`Ö fZ¬`ç Zf Æ`¡õ £`ù yf£`Ωú „`ûZ fdgZ¨`úZÆ`≈Ü w
/ (9)¨ùd Áõ x£≤ú ¨¿øò £Ö „•ïÆô £û
£¡¿≈ûÚ gZ ‰ò ÕçZ Z ‰ú£`±ïZ Æ`§õ£`≈à Æ`¡õ ‰`ò ¨`údÆ`ò Á`õ x£`øô £`¡úÆ`ñ
w¨`∫õ ¨`ø©õ Æ`•òd "Õ`çZ y¨`é ‰`•ïÆ`ô Á`ú£`•ç£`Ö dØ`ûZ z ¤`Ö £`û Æ`¡õ „`¡ò
ô£`ú¬`ô £`ù Á`çfÆ`Ö z £`ù ’`ùz∞`à fdÆ`¡õ dØ`ûZ : Õ`çZ ydZd x£`≤ú x¬`
£`≈à ‰`ò Æ`¡õ Æ`§õ£`≈à £`Ö x£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ/Õ`±≈ú Á`ºû Õ`çZ Á`™ûf£`Ü Æ`§õ
/Æ¡õ Ƨõ£≈à flû z ‚ûfZd Æ¡õ dØûZ flû ÆΩûd ‰•πô ‰Ö (9)
„≈õg xZÆûZ
11
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Á`õ „`™ç Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ z Æ`¡õ „`≈ûÚ gZ ‰`ò y£`ΩúÚÕ`≤û Æ`¡õ z ‚`≈û¬`ô
‰`ò y£`ΩúÚ z ‚`ûfZd Æ`¡õ dØ`ûZ ‰`Ö Æ`∂ú ‚`ûfzÚ Á`õ yZ¬`ô Zf £`•çzZwZÆ`¡Ö ‰`Ö
Æ`•≤≈Ö ‚`ûgZdÆ`à Á`õ Æ`º≈à Õ`πù fd zZ Á`ú£`ô¨`úg zÆ`∂ú Æ`§õ£`≈à Æ`¡õ ‰`Ö
xÆ`ô x¨`ûz ‰`•πô ‰`Ö /‚`ûÆ`≈ô Á`õ yÆ`¡Ö Ø`≈ú £`•çzZ Õ`≤û wZÆ`¡Ö gZ ,‚`ûfZd
Æ`≈ë£`çZ £`¡ú£`•çZd £`ù Õ`≤û (11)‰`•é≠`ô x£`ú£`õÆ`¡ñ z x£`ûZ¨`ã
Ã`é Æ`º≈à Õ`πù £`¡ú£`•çZd (12) Õ`çZ xZÆ`ûZd¬`é Á`õ ‰`•πô w£`Ω¿ù
ZÆ`¡õ /¨`¿¿ò Á`õ f£`ò Ã`é fd Ø`≈ú Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ £`¡ù£`ôf£`òZ ‰`ú£`øçÚ ‰`Ö
£`Ω¿ù Ã`é Ø`≈ú x£`ïf£`ì /¨`úfZd Ã`é ’`ûZfÚ z x£`øçÚ x¬`å (‹`∫ç)f£`ò w
‰`Ö Ã`é gZf Á`çfÆ`Ö ZÆ`Ö fl`¿ûZ /¨`¿¿ò Á`õ£`ù [£`•ò gZ w¬`ç ’`™Ö
¬`ç ’`™Ö fd (13) /‚`≈¿ò Á`õ y£`Ωú uÆ`§≈ú Á`úZÆ`ûZ £`ù „`ûd„`ûd gZ w
Æ`¡õ (yÆ`¶≈õ) Á`¿ûd „`ø®úZ z x£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ Á`ì£`ø•âZ £`ùÁ`õ „`™ç
/d¬`é Á`õ y¨`úZ¬`ã Õ`≤û w£`¿Ö Á`û£`•çzZ Á`¿ûd £`ù dzÆ`ç gZ Á`≤™Ö" :dzf
„`≈õgÆ`ç ‰`øù fd ‰`ò Õ`çZ Ø`û ‰`≤ûf gZ v¬`¡®õ v¬`∑πõ ‚`çZ yhZz „`ûZ
¨`ã fl`û ’`û£`≈ú ZÆ`Ö xZÆ`ûZ £`ùxÚ Á`¿≈ûÚ z ’`•çÆ`à w¬`¡πõ ‰`Ö ¨`úzZ
Ø`≈ú x£`ù£`ô fd z dzf Á``õ f£`ºÖÕ``≤û w¬`¡πõ ˘z ,d¬`é Á``õ y¨`ûd
‰ºæÖ ,dfZ¨ú xÚ y∞ûz £¿∑õ ‰Ö Á•édfg Áú£Ög dÆ`Ö f£`ò ‰`Ö k£`≥•ãZ
Õ`≈øçf zZ xZzÆ`≈à x£`≈õ fd Õ`édfg gZ ‘`à˙`èZ ‰`•±ù ,dÆ`ò Z¨`≈à
›≈πæÜ yZf gZ ‰ò ¨¿•±ù „¡ò £¡¿•õ gZ ÁùzÆô £¡•≤û Á¿ûd £ùdzÆç
y¨`ú£`®¿ô Á`•édfg Á`¿≈ûÚ ‰`¿≈®¿ô fd„`ûZ ‰`ò £`®úÚ gZ (14) /¨`é
yfZ¬øù ¨úZ y¨≈çf £õ Õçd ‰Ö Á•édfg „ûd Á®ú£≈õ ‰Ö Æ`•≤≈Ö £`ùdzÆ`ç
„≈õg xZÆûZ
12
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Ƨõ£≈à z ZdØõZf¬ùZ £¡úÚ fd ‰ò ÕçZ Á•édfg „≈ûÚ gZ Áû£`¡≤™Ö ZfZd
„™ç i¨∫õ “ûf£Ü £ùdZ¨ûzf z wdÆõ gZ ,¨ú¬é Áõ ’û£≈ú Õédfg zZ
£`ù ’`™Ö „`ûZ fd ˘z /¨`ûÚ Á``õ x£`≈øÖy¨`é y¨`ú£`®¿ô Á`¿¡ò £`¡¿•õ
Æ`ô fZÆ`ñ Õ`≈øùZ Õ`±™ú ‰`âfd fd Æ`Ωûd xZ¨`úzZ¨`ã £`¡úÚ fd ‰`ò Õ`çZ‰`•ï
/ / / ‰ú Áú£≤ú ‚ù Õ≤Üfg gZ Õ±≈ú Z yf£ò yZdØõZf¬ùZ z ¨úZ
≈õ Á``¿∑û ,‚``ùd Õ``≤û' ¬``æ¡à) Õ``≤û yÆ` `¶ ‰``øù (Õ``≤û Æ```¡≈õ
f£`ø≤Ö Á`û£`ç£`¿é £`ù x£`≤ú „`¡ò ˙`èZ £`¡•≤û ZÆ`Ö ‰`ò Zf Á`û£`¡≈ô∞`ûz
édfg „`≈ûÚ gZ ’`é¬`à ZfZd Õ`≤û „`ûZ /Õ`çZfZd ¨`úzf Á`õ‰`ò Õ`çZ Á`•
‰``Ö Zf yÆ``¶≈õ ’``û£``•çÍ£``Ö f¬``•çd z x£``õÆ``ï ¨``ûÆ``ïÚ z Z¨``ã „``ûÆ``Ü,f£``ô
Õ`édfg v¬`ø∑õ ›`§ë z ,¨`úZd Á`õ ,yZdØ`õf¬`ùZx£`õÆ`ï „`ûZ Á`®ú£`≈õ Zf
Õ`≤û „`ûZ / / / /¨`ú£`ç£``¿é Á`õÆ`¡≈õ ¬`æ¡à yÆ`¶≈õ Z¨`ã „``≈ûÚ ‰`Ö ,
Z¨`ã gZ Á`ºû ‰`Ö Á`¿∑û ,Õ`çZ y¨``é ’`º≤≈àfd ‰`ò x£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ xZ¨`úz
≈õ jd¬`ã x£`•ç£`Ö ¨`¿ù w£`ú Æ`ûg Á`ûZdz ¨`¿ùy¨`≈•çÆ`à z ‰`•ã£`¿é yÆ`¶
/ÕçZ y¨é Áõ
Á`¿ûd z Á`ç£`≈ç z Á`ì£`ø•âZ £`≈úd ,„`¡ò £`¡¿•õ „`ûZ£`õ zf ‰`Ö Zf
£û f¬≤ò £û ’™Ö Õπù ‰Ö „≈õg 16 £Ü 12 £ù¨¿Ö fd /¨¿ò Áõ g£Ö
øù ‰`ºúÚ" :(f¬`éÆ`ò Õ`ßù) d¬`é Á`õ ’`™Ö ‚`≈æñZÆ`Ö Á`ú£`øçÚ ‰`ÜØ`û x¬`
‰`º≈ö£`ä fd ,dzÆ`≈õ „`≈õg ’`™Ö (Õ`πù) Æ`çZÆ`ç,¨`≤™Ö Á`õ f£`ûÆ`¡é
"/dfzÚ Áõ Õç¨Ö Zf gzÆ≈à x£úÚ ZÆÖ
„≈õg xZÆûZ
13
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Ø``≈ú Á``õ£``∂ú Æ``º≈à Õ``πù fdf¬``≤ò Õ``πù gZ wZÆ``¡Ö
‰`ò £`®úÚ gZ /¨`¿ò Á`õ f£`Ω•çZ¬`ã Æ`•ãdy£`é zZ
Õ``πù ,Õ``çZ f¬``≤ò Õ``πù ‡``úf Õ``πù £``Ö ¨``§¿ô Á``õ
¨`ùd Á`õ ¨`§¿ô fl`û Á`çzÆ`ì Æ`ù ‰`Ö z dg£`çfd z
Ã````é Õ````πù£````≤ú ‰````Ö Õ````πù ‰````ú£````øçÚ Æ````¡ßç ,Á````ú
/¨¿û¬ô Áõ Øõf x£•çZd Õπù x£çzÆì
£``•ç£``Ö „``¡ò £``¡õ£``úÕ``≤û fd f¬``≤ò Õ``πù „``ûZ Á``ú":¨``úZ „``≈¿å ‚``ùd
Á`õ£`∂ú ˘z ,Õ`çZ y¨`õÚ ‰`ÜØ`û ,‰`ûfZ £`û y¬`ûÆ`ù ,‰`ú£`û¨`Ωç ,Á`ù¬`ç ,Á`ùfgZ
é z ,[¬`¿â ,rÆ`é ,[Æ`î fd Zf £`ù „`≈õgÆ`ç „`ûZydZd fZÆ`ñ xZÆ`ûZ v£`ø
‰`•ïÆ`ô x£`≈õ fd Zf xZÆ`ûZ ‰``ò Õ`çZx¬`å ¨`§¿ô f¬`≤ò Æ`ù ZÆ``Ö /¨`úZ
/¨úZ ‰•ã£ç Æ•ãZ Õπù gZ Áºû ‡úf ‰Ö x£øçÚ
¨ûÚ Áõ „™ç x£ø≈à z ¨`ú¬`≈à ¨`úzZ¨`ã Æ`¡õ gZ 116 '117 £`ù¨`¿Ö fd
Áõ ‰•ã£¿é Z¨ã „ûÆÜÆÖ x¬` øù Á•çZf ‰Ö zZ ?Õ`±≈ò yƶ≈õ Z¨ã „ûZ
à /d¬`Ö y¨`¿¿ûÆ`ïÚ Z¨`ã ’`úZzÆ`≈à ZÆ`Ö yÆ`¶≈õ /Õ`çZ y¨`é„`•ïf zÆ`ï gZ ‘`
Á`õ „`≈õg dÆ`ô ¬`±Ö yÆ`¶≈õ ¨`≈éf¬`ãf¬`ûg ‰`Ö £`ù ¨`¿æÖ Æ`Ö /¨`ûÚ
Æ`Ö /(13¨`¿Ö) ¨`¿≈≤ú Á`õ £``§ûg ‰`•çZfÚz x£`øçÚ x£`≈õ £`ùØ`≈å ‰``øù
Õ±™ú ‰âfd fd Õ∑≈§ë x£¡â fd yƶ≈õ (95 ¨¿Ö) dÆΩú Áõ „≈õg
fzÆç zZ w£ú /ÕçZ ‰•çZfÚ x£ôf£•ç f¬ûg ‰Ö ‰`ò Õ`çZ Ã`é x£`øçÚ Z¨`ã
/Õ`çZ fZ¨`≈Ö ‰`≤≈øù z ¨`ÖZ¬`ã Á`øú zZ /Õ`çZ 25 ¨`¿Ö fd Ø`≈õÚ gZf qfh
„≈õg xZÆûZ
14
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
‚`ù gzf x£`øçÚ £`Ö zZ Á`Ω•±Ö /dfZd ‚`≤å fZØ`ù zZ,¨`•ïZ Á`øú ‚`æñ gZ
yƶ≈õ z d¬é Áõ y¨≈≤ò Áú£øçÚ ÃçZ f£¡å £Ö ‰ò ¨¿øù¬ºé ‰úzdÆô
Á`ºé (25f124 ' 136 ¨`¿Ö) /Õ`çZ fZ¬`ç xÚ Æ`ÖyÆ`¶≈õ ‰`ò Õ`±≈ú
˘z /ÕçZ y¨é Áõ ’û£≈ú ¨≈éf¬ã Z¨ã x¬` øù xZÆûZ fd ?£â £â
(14)"/dfZd ÁúzØï yƶ≈õ d¬âz fd ‰ò ÕçZ Ãé x£øçÚ „ûZ £•çzZ fd
ô ‰`ú£`±ïZ z Ã`é Õ`éZ¨``ôfØ`Ö£`ò xdÆ`òf£`ò z w£`Ω¿ù Ã``é Á`û¬`£`¡ù£`ôf
£``∫ú£``ã z Á``ç£``¿é Á``•±ù£``ôf£``ò £``ù ’``ûZfÚ z £``ù yz Ã``é ‰``ò £``¡ù
Á`ú£`≤ú ¨`¿ùd Á`õ x£`≤ú Zf x£`ôf£`•çfd Á`õ£`∂ú /dfZd Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ gZ
Á`¿≈ûÚ Æ`¡õ £`ù Ø`õf ‰`øù gZ Æ`º≈à Õ`πùz fZd y¨`úg Ã`é x¬`å
/ÕçZ ‰•ïÆô yÆ¡Ö ¨§¿ô Õπù ‡úf Õπù
\f¬`è „`≈øù fd /Õ`çZ Á`ì£`ø•âZ Z¨`ã fl`û Ø`≈åÆ`ù gZ ’`≈Ö yÆ`¶≈õ £`õZ
‰`§¿â „`ûZ ‰`ò Õ`çZ Ã`é x£`øçÚ Z¨`ãÁ`õ ‚`≤å ‰`Ö zZ Á`ì£`ø•âZ
wdÆõ z d¬ã x£¿øéd Zf d¬ã xZzÆ≈à ,¨û£à Áõ Zf wdÆõ Ãé fd /df¬ã
Æ`Ωûd Ø`≈åÆ`ù gZ ’`≈Ö j¬`ô fZØ`ù yd z ‚`≤å fZØ`ù yd /dfZd Æ`∂ú Æ`ûg Zf
ù Á`ú£`Ωøù yhZ¬`õ£`ú yÆ`¶≈õ yhZz /df¬`ã Á`õ f£`ò „`ûZ ‰`Öz Õ`±ù ‚`
y¨úZ¬ã „ºé x£ø≈à "uzfd ƶ≈õ" yƶ≈õ x£¿øéd /ÕçZ x£ø≈à £¿∑õ ‰Ö
x£`≈õ y¨`¿ùd ¨`ú¬`≈à ‰`•éf zZ /¨`ú¬`é Á`õ‰`ò Á`û£`ù yzÆ`ô ‰`øù
¬`ç" Á`¿∑û ,Õ`çZ fZ¬`•çZ £`¡úÚ Æ`Ö o£`ø•âZ fZ¨`û£`àz ‰`úZgfz "‰`Ωúfe Á`•à
±Ö yÆ`º≈à fl`û yÆ`¶≈õ x£`ø≈à Z¨`ã /¨`é£`Ö Á`õ xÚ YØ`âÁ`û£`ûfÚ „`¡ò f£`≈
/¨¿ò Áõ „ò ‰≤ûf Zf x£¿ºé x£ø≈à zZ /ÕçZ
„≈õg xZÆûZ
15
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
£`àÆ`Ö Zf ‰`ú£`ã zZ /£`¿∑õ w£`øÜ ‰`Ö Õ`çZ Õ`çfd z x£`õ£`±Ö Á`ô¨`úg Z¨`ã zZ
Á`õ Zf £`ùfd Á`ú¬`•ç £`ùÆ`≈Ü /dfZd Á`õ y£`ΩúwdÆ`õ z £`àf£`å ‰`Ö /¨`û£`à
/Õ`çZ bZÆ`ï £`¡ù£`ôZÆ`å fÍ£`ç zZ w£`ú Æ`Ö (28 ¨`¿Ö) ¨`≤™Ö Á`õ Æ`ΩúZ¬`Ü
à ’`ö£`Ö z ’`ûzf ,¨`úØ`ûf Á`õ zÆ`ï £`ù xZf£`Ö ,¨`ú¬`é Á`õ xZzf £`¡ÖÚzÆ`≈ú Æ`
w£ú ,[¬ã x£â ,Á•±ù /¨ùd Áõ Áô¨úg z ¨úgÆï /(61 ¨¿Ö) d¬é Áõ
yfZdZ Zf (33 ¨¿Ö) "‰éZ" Õçfd ‚∂ú /¨ùd Áõ Áé¬ã z Á`û£`úZd ,fl`≈ú
£`õdzd ufØ`Ö ,‰`ú£`ã ufØ``Ö /¨`¿ò Á`õ£`Ö f¬`≤ò ufØ`Ö z yÆ`≈Ü ufØ``Ö ,x
/ ¨¿¿ò Áõ ’º≤≈à ‰û¨ù Æ¡õ ‰Ö d¬ã £¡•çd
çf Æ`π≈ò ‚`ù z (49 ¨`¿Ö) x£`§ù£`Ωú ‚`ù Æ`¡õz x£`≤ò x£`ø≈à /Õ`çZ x£`
Áõ Õ™ç Æπ≈ò ‰Ö ¨úZ ‰•±ºé Zf zZ £ù x¬ú£ñ „ø®úZ fd ‰`ò Á`ú£`±ò
‡`¿â Z¨`ã Ø`≈åÆ`ù gZ ’`≈Ö yÆ`¶≈õ /¨`ú£`çfÕ`çzd Zf ‡`¿â zZ ,Õ`çZ
fd ·`õ£`ò Á`Ω•±âÆ`Ö £`Ö yÆ`¶≈õ /dØ`≈ΩúZ Á`õ Æ`Ö Zf ‡`¿â zZ /dfZdÆ`º≈à
ûZ gZ /d¬`é Á`õ f£`ºéÚ d¬`ã ‰`úzdÆ`ô Æ`Ö ¨`¿øù¬`ºé f£`ûÆ`¡é fl`ûzf „`
¨úZ¬Ü Áõ Ø≈ú wZÆ¡Ö z ¨úÆ≈ô Áõ w£ú dZdÆ¡õ Áú£ºéZ ¨¿øù¬ºé x£ù£é
/¨é£Ö Æ¡õ Á¿≈õg ‚±®Ü
Zf zZ dÆôZdÆô ,ÕçZ Ø≈ΩúZ Õ`πΩé zZ ˙`èZ £`ø≈ç ‰`ò ygZ¨`úZ x£`øù ‰`Ö
Õ`πΩé zZ d¬`ã gZ Æ`•øò ‰`ò Á`ú£`ùZÆ`øùfd /¨`úZ ‰`•ïÆ`ô ¨`¿•±≈ú Ø`≈ΩúZ
¬`º≈ú ¬`éÚ ¬`ézÆ`ç 100 ¨`¿Ö Æ`Ö£`¿Ö zZ Õ`çZf ¬`çœ`å ¬`ç fd z
ô z [Ú ¬`ç Æ`ù fd Zf zZ dÆ`ôZdÆ`ô ,¨`¿•±ù Æ`§•ç ¨`¿æÖ ¬`¿éf zZy£`≈
x£øçÚ ‰ò Õ磡úÚ Æï z y¬ºé gZ /¨úZ ‰•ïÆô ‰éZ xZdÆõ £ù ÁézÆï z
„≈õg xZÆûZ
16
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
‰`ø≤å fd £`¡ÖÚ z Õ`çZ „`ézf z x£`≤ãfdÁ`õ x£`ù£`≈ô z ¨`¿úZzf £``ù
£`çÚ ‰`Ö z ¨`ú¬`é Á`õ fzf£`Ö xZ¨`úgÆ`ï ‰`Ö x£`úg z ¨`úgz Á`õ £`ùd£`Ö /¨`¿ûzfÁú
(15)/¨û£ø≈à Áõ Zf d¬ã yZf Í£Ö xÚ fd ¨≈éf¬ã z ¨¿ûZg Áõ
Ö gZ d¬`é Á`õ xZzf ¨`ûz£`â Æ`Ö fl`¿ûZ ‰`ò f£`≤ï£`àÆ`¡õ „`≈ûÚ £`ùd£`≈¿
£`úÚ zÆ`≈ú z Á`é¬`ã ,wdÆ`õ Á`ô¨`úg Æ`çZÆ`ç" /Õ`çZÁ`ú£`¡â ‚`∂ú ‰`øù z x
"ÕçZ y¨é fZ≠ô ‰û£à x£ò£≈ú xZzf ÆÖ ‚ù
à ¬`¿éf ‰`Ö 12 Õ`≤û /Õ`çZ ¬`¿éf Æ`¡õ x£`ùZÆ`øù gZ/Õ`çZ y¨`é ’`º≤≈
Áô¨úg fd (yfz) ¨¿ô¬ç /ÕçZ yd¬Ö ’ÜÚ ’û£õgÚ £û ¨¿ô¬ç dØûZ ¬¿éf
‰`•éZd Z ‰`•±âÆ`Ö f£`≈±Ö ’`∫ú x£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZÁ`ûZ¨`ã fzZd fl`û /Õ`çZ
‰•çd zd x£≈õ Zf£ºéÚ ,d¬ã zÆ≈ú xdZd x£`≤ú £`Ö Z¨`ã xÚ fd ‰`ò Õ`çZ
¨`¿ò Á`õ fZ¨`û¨`à Zf ›`ä Æ`ôf£`º≈àÁ`õ Æ`Ö Zf ‰`•çd zd „`ûZ gZ Á``ºû /
) ›`ä ‰`Ö Zf zZ £``û ¨``¿ûØ`ô„`≈¿´øù z zZ Á`ù£`¿Ω≈Ö z ¨``úZd Á`õ (fz
Õ`çZ x¬`ô£`ú¬`ô ¨`¿ô¬`ç £`ùfZØ`ïZ /¨`¿ò Á`õ f£`ºéÚ Zf Æ`Ωûd f£`ºù£`¿ô,
Õ`±ù zdÆ`ù ,wÆ`ô z dÆ`ç £`ù¨`¿ô¬`çx£`≈õ fd ’`ÜÚ wÆ`ô ¨`¿ô¬`ç fd /
„`ûZ gZ ‰`ú¬`ôf£`¡å 12 Õ`≤û fd /dfZd y¨`¿¿ò „`≈≈∑Ü ’`∫ú Æ`Ωûd £`ùfZØ`ïZ
¨`ô Ø`æï ,df£`øé Á`õ Æ`Ö Zf £`ù¨`¿ô¬`ç‰`•çd / / / Æ`ùg x¨`≈õ£`éÚ ,‰`•ãZ
‰`Ö Õ`çd £`ù ‰`•çd gZ Á`ºû £`û Æ`ôf£`º≈à £`ùÁ`ò£`úÆ`µã ’`û£`õgÚ fl`û
x£≤ú zZ xd¬Ö ›ä ,¨ûÚ xzÆ≈Ö Ã`≈çÚ Á`Ö y¨`ú¬`é ’`û£`õgÚ Æ`ôZ /¨`¿úg Á`õ
Æ`Ö ZÆ`Ö ‰`õ£`ú wZÆ`¡Ö fd /d¬`é Á`õ ydZd’`û£`õgÚ ‰`Ö ,Á`ù£`é xd¬``Ö ›`ä
/dÆ≈Ω≈õ ÆÖ _£Ü y¨úÆî Æ≈é zd x£≈õ gZ z ¨úg Áõ Õçd Áò£úƵã
„≈õg xZÆûZ
17
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
uÆô z ‰Özf g ¨ùd x£õ Á¡ô£ò ufØÖ ÕçZ Á•®ä Æ≈é „ûZ „º≈ö
fd ‰`ò d¬`Ö ¨`¿ô¬`ç „`ø®úZ x£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ fd ¨`¿ô¬`ç „`ûZ wgZ¬`ö ‰`æøâ gZ
„`ûZ ‰`Ö ,yhZz „`ûZ /¨`é Á`õ y¨`úZ¬`ã "£`áfzZ" 12 Õ`≤û⁄`øâ ‚`çZ \f¬`è
£`¿∑õ ‰`Ö (‰`áfz ·`èZ fd) "‰`ázfzZ" yhZz gZ Õ`çZ yhZz gZ y¨`ûØ`ôÆ`Ö
‚`ù x£`ù£`ô fd ,¨`¿ô¬`ç f£`ºøù z f£`û £`¿∑õ ‰`Ö @fzA‰`ázfzZ yhZz „`ûZ
‰`•ïf f£`ºÖ gZf ·`ùZ xZf£`ºøù ZÆ`Ö ‰`ò Zfdzf Á`õ x£`øô /‚`≈¿≈Ö Á`õ
ydZd Áõ x£≤ú ygZf („éZf) xgZf ,fgZf£ù yhZz „≈øù £Ö Zf ¨¿ô¬ç „≈ûÚ
„`ûd £`ù „`≈ûÚ y¨`¿û£`øú yhZz „`ûZ ,¨`úZ¬`¿éf w£`ú /Õ`çZ Ø`≈õÚ gZf
y¨`é ‰`•ïÆ`ô yhZz „`≈øù gZ x£`øΩ≈Ö‰`Ö fl`ûdØ`ú x£`øô ‰``Ö /Õ`çZ ,„`≈∫û
‰`•ã£`¿é g£`Ö ‰`≤≈ºÜ yhZz £`Ö „`ø®úZ „`ûZ fd ,¨`¿ô¬`ç d£`•çZy¨`é Á`õ
¬`õÚ z „`•ã£`ç ,Õ`çZ ydÆ`ò ’`™Ö zd ‰`Ö Zf yhZz „`ûZ ‰`øæÜf£`Ö /Õ`çZ/„`•ã
(16)/dÆû≠à Áõ Zf „•ã¬õÚ £¡¿Ü uƧ≈ú
£`ï [dZ fd £`¡õ£`ú z £`ù „`≈ûÚ x£`øù £`Ö gZf „`ø®úZ „`ûZy¨`ú£`õ g£`Ö Á`çf
„`≈ûÚ fd Á`çÆ`ò d£`•çZ w£`ú ‰`Ö ¨`¿ô¬`ç d£`•çZ ;Õ`çZ„`ø®úZ z dÆ`øúZ¬`â
/d¬é Áõ y¨ûd ÁúZÆûZ x£ïÆì fd @Æ≈àA z Ø≈õÚ gZf y¨≈é¬à £ù
Õ`≤û Æ`¡õ fd ‰`ò Õ`çZ \£`•éfZ ,Á`•çZf z dZd dØ`ûZ yÆ`¶≈õ xZf£`ºøù gZ
‰`éZ /d¬`é Á`õ ‰`•éZ≠`ô ¬``¿éf f£`¿ò fd„`ø®úZ fd ‚`ù Õ`çZf x£`õ£`ç ,
/ÕçZ yƶ≈õ
‰`ézÆ`ç yÆ`¶≈õ x¬`õZÆ`≈à Z¨`ã „`ûÆ`•ø¡õ·`èZ fd yhZz „`ûZ £`¿∑õ Õ`çZ
Áõ ‡úf ‚ò yƶ≈õ yÆ¡å Á`•édfg £`ù „`ø®úZ fd /Õ`çZ Æ`Ö x£`õÆ`ï
„≈õg xZÆûZ
18
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Æ`ç y∞`ûz x£`≤ú /ddÆ`ô Á`õ Æ`Ü ‰`•±âÆ`Ö z Æ`Üf£`ºéÚ ‰`ézÆ`ç z d¬`é‰`éz
gZ /ÕçZ x£§¡Ωú ‰•éÆï z fzf£Ö Z¨ã ÁéZ fdZÆÖ ‰ézÆç ÕçZ gÆô
Z¨`¡Ωú Á`û¬`é£`úg yd£`õÚ x£`úZ¬`âfd uÆ`§≈ú /¨`¿ò Á`õ f£`•çÆ`à z f
Æ`ûZ £`ù „`ûd [£`•ò wf£``¡å ’`™ÖÁ`õ xZ¨`úzZ¨`ã ‰`Ö (17) x£``•ç£`Ö xZ
d w¬`¡πõ fl`û ‚`≈ù£`πõ „`ûZ fd ‰`ò ¨`ùd Á`õ x£`≤ú z dgZdÆ`àÁ`∑øâ ‰`•ç
/ÕçZ ‰•π¡ú
Õ≤û Æ¡õ gZ x¬¿ò £Ü ‰ò Áû£ùdfzÚ Õπô gZ ‰ºú£¿å ‚ù ÆΩûd x£ûZ¨ã
Á`õ y¨`ûd yÆ`¶≈õ „`ø®úZ fd Õ`çZ y¨`é jfZØ`ô„`ûZ gZ Z yf£`à /¨`ú¬`é
Á`õ Æ`º≈à Õ`πù x£`•çZd £`Ö ‰`ò Zf£`ù yÆ`¡å¨`é£`Ö ‰`•éZd Á`Ω•±Ö ¨`úZ¬`Ü
/‚≈¿ò Áõ ÁçfÆÖ
Á`ûZf¬`ùZ y¨`ûÆ`ïÚ ‰`¿îÆ`áfz yÆ`¶≈õ ’`≈à£`≤≈àfl`û \f¬`è ‰`Ö ‰`ò Õ`çZ
£`ù ‰`ú£`±ïZ fd /dg£`Ü Á`õ Ø`≈Ü £`¡úZ¨`úd £`Ö gZÆ`ô„`ûZ ,£`•çzZ gZ xzÆ`≈Ö
/ÕçZ £ùdhZ y¨¿≤ò Z¨ã
¿îÆ`áfz /Õ`çZ Õ`≤û wZÆ`¡Ö x£`øù ‰`¿îÆ`áfz Õ`≤û£`Ö Á`ºûdØ`ú Á`Ω•ç¬`≈à ‰`
’™Ö fd x£ºà£à Æ≈édfZ flõ£úf£ò gZ ÕûZzf flû fd /dfZd Æï £û ‰úf¬ã
£`â yÆ`¡å x¬`å Æ`ï „`ûZ ‰`ò Õ`çZ y¨`õÚ 3Z¨`≈à ¨`§ö£`ò ‚`ù d¬`ã f¬`ú
Æ`áfz ‰`Ö fl`ûdØ`ú f£`≈±Ö ‰`ò Á`û£`¡Üf¬`è gZ Á`ºû x¬`å ,¨`¿ò Á`õÕ`çZ ‰`¿î
£`ºà£`à Æ`≈édfZ yZÆ`øù ‰`ò yÆ`Ö fl`û x¬`å Á`¿∑û ,¨`ûÚ Á`õ fd‰`º≈ö£`ä fd x
çZ yZf fd ,Õ`çZ jÎ`Ü fd Õ`™ç Á`ù£`é _£`Ü xdfzÚ Õ`ç¨`Ö ZÆ`Öfd /Õ`
/ ÕçZ xZzd Æ≈édfZ Æç Õ≤à fd Áù¬ò ’≈õ (wÆî) ‰õ£¿ù£é
„≈õg xZÆûZ
19
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
ÃçZ x¬å Áù£ô ‰¿îÆáfz /Õç£ùdhZ y¨¿≤ò wZÆ¡Ö Ø≈ú ƺ≈à Õπù fd
Æ`ù ,¨`ûÚ Á`õ fd Õ`±õ z „`≤ôÆ`•é x¬`å Á`ù£`ô ,Æ`úZfZd ‰`ò f¬`ú£`â
„`•ï£`û Õ`≈ø±â f£`ò ‰`Ö ¨`úZ¬`Ü Á`õ Õ`çZ Z y∞`ûz Á`û£`§ûg £`û Á`ù£`é f£`•ïf
Æ`º≈à Õ`πù fd ,£`§ûg £`ù¬`ùZ £`û Æ`≈é ¨`¿ú£`õ /¨`û£`≈Ö ‰`¿î Æ`áfz,‰`¿îÆ`áfz
Æ`¡Ö ,Æ`º≈àfg ,£`§ûg ‘`Ö ,f¬`ô x¬`å ‰`úf¬`ã ,Æ`ïx¬`ø¿ùf f£`î ‰`Ö Zf wZ
:d¬é Áõ
Áú£äzf v£≈ã x¬å ƺ≈à Áú£≤≈à yd£≤ô Áûzf yg£Ü
fg ‰é¬é ¬å Z y¨≈ö£õ Õ≤à ƺé z Æ≈é ‰Ö Z ydz¨úZ ‚ºé
f£úg £â ‰Ö y¨≈≤ò fd f£¿æô ¨úÆà gZ Á∑ñÆÖ
wZÆ`¡Ö z dzf Á`õ zÆ`ï f£`î ‰`Ö £`ùdhZ ,Õ`çZ ‰`•πã Á`û£`ùdhZ f£`î „`ùd fd
‰` Ö z ¨≤ò Áõ Zf £ùdhZ wZÆ¡Ö ,d¬é Áõ (‰ÖZÆ¡õ) f£î ‰Ö zZ Áà fd
/¨Ö£û Áõ –¿ô z ¨≤ò Áõ xzÆ≈Ö y¨úg ’øºé gZ Zf f¬ô
Õ≤à xZdØû ’≈à dÆò Ƨ¿åÕ```≤ò £```ùdh£```ò’```û£```ùdhZ z
/Õ≤ºú
£`¿ézf f¬`≥Ü fl`û x£`øΩ≈Ö g£`îÚ x£`øù gZ ‰`úf¬`ã/dfZd Æ`Ö fd d£`õ Á`û
Á``ú£``≤ãfd ‰``úf¬``ã‰``ò Õ``çZ Á``ûzÆ``≈ú £``¿ézf x£``¡â x£``ûZ¨``ã fd z Á``û
/d¬`é Á`õ f£`ºéÚ £`õ x£`¡â fd x£`úZ¬`æ¡à z ¬`º≈ú x£`ûZzÆ`ú£`õÆ`ï19 Õ`≤û
/ÕçZ ‰úf¬ã y∞ûz ÆçZÆç
@‰`úf¬`ãA ,Õ`çZ d¬`é Á`õ gzÆ`≈à £`ùdhZ Æ`Ö ‰`ºúÚ yZÆ`øù zZuÆ`õ g£`çd£`à
Ö Æ`º≈à Õ`πù x£`•çZd fd zf „`ûZ gZ /Õ`çZ Á`•±≈ú zZf f¬`ô ‰` Ö wZÆ`¡
„≈õg xZÆûZ
20
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
/¨≤ò Áõ xzÆ≈Ö £ùdhZ ‚ºé gZ y¨úg
¨`úZ ¨`Ö ‰`øù ‰`ò ¨`é£`Ö " Á`õdÚ xzfd Õ`çZ Á`ûzÆ`≈ú fl`û ‰`¿îÆ`áfzgZ x£`≤û
£``•±ûZ y¨``¿¿ºé z (‰``õZ) ¨``¿õfzgÆ``•Ö (‰``¿î Æ``áfz) Á``ôd/"¨``çÆ``ôZ
‚``ù £``Ö Zf ‰``¿îÆ``áfz £``¡≈ô∞``ûzÁ``õ ‚``ûÆ``Ω¿Ö £``â fl``û
Õ``çZ Á``ûzÆ``≈ú xÚ ‰``ò ‚``≈¿≈Ö£``¡¿Ü ‰``ú z ,x£``±úZ fd
£`ùzÆ≈ú ‰`øù ‰`ºæÖ ,„`øéd Õ`±ºé ZÆÖ ÁûzÆ≈ú
Á```•çf¨```¿Ü z „```Ü≠```ô £```ù „```ûZ gZ z ,zÆ```≈ú ‰```•é
Ñ(x£ïÆì £û ’¿≈Ö ,Õ㣿é) /ÕçZ Áû£¿≈Ö
z ‰úf¬ã x¬å Áù£ô z wZÆ¡Ö x¬å Áù£ô ‰¿îÆáfz ƺ≈à Õπù x£•çZd fd
Áõ x£•ç£Ö xZÆûZ £ù „ûd fd uÆ`§≈ú ZÆ`ûg ,¨`ú¬`é Á`õ x£`û£`øú zZ ’`¿≈Ö
£`úZ¬`æ¡à gZ Á`ºû ¨`û£`Ö ‚`ù Zf ‰`¿îÆ`áfz ‘`à "/¨`±û¬`ú„`≈≤≈à £`ù x£`õg x
(18) ‚≈úZ¨Ö
„`≈ûÚ „`ûZ gZ /Õ`çZ (19) ‰`õ¬`≈ù „`≈ûÚ ,Æ`¡õ „`ûd Æ`Ωûd £`¡≈ô∞`ûz gZ
¬`≈ù /dzf Á`õ „`™ç Õ`≤ûÆ``¡õ 90 ' 88 ¨`¿Ö fdfl`û ‰`õ¬`ç ' ‰`õ
Á`ôÆ`ø≈Ö ZÆ`Ö Á`ú£`•ç£`Ö Á`û£`ûfÚ Á`ú¨`≈õ£`éÚ,fzÚ Á`•±õ yÆ`≈é ,Õ`çZ
‰`ò Á`ù£`≈ô) y¨`é ‰`•ïÆ`ô ,Õ`±≈ú Á`•ã£`¿é g£`Ö x¬`¿òZ Æ`Ωûd ‰`ò Á`ù£`≈ô gZ
‰`õ¬`≈ù g£`øú fd /(Õ`±úÚ „`≈≤ú£`â dzf Á`õ f£`ºÖ ‰`õ¬`≈ù „`≈ûÚ fd gzÆ`õZ
g gZfd Á`ô¨`úg ,Á`•çf¨`¿Ü ZÆ`Ö ‰`õ¬`≈ù" : ‰`ò ¨`ûÚ Á`õ „`≈¿å ‘`û,Á`¿≈õ
d Á`ô¨`úg fl`û ,uÆ`õ y¨`úfZd fzd ‰`õ¬`≈ù Z /Õ`çZ Á`ô¨`úg xZzfZÆ`Ö gZf
„≈õg xZÆûZ
21
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
"w¬é yÆ≈å pzfd ÆÖ z w¬é gzÆ≈à x£¿øéd ÆÖ £Ü ’™Ö zÆ≈ú xZzf Áô¨úg
Æ`≈à ,Á`¿≈õg ‰`•çZ¬`ã ,zÆ`≈ú ‰`õ¬`≈ùz Á`úzÆ`≈Ö x£`¿øéd Æ`ÖZÆ`Ö fd gz
¬`≈ù ,Õ`çZ x£`¿øéd Æ`ÖZÆ`Ö fd fZ¨`≈Ö z Á`úzÆ`Öx£`çÚ x£`øûZg x£`úg ‰`Ö ‰`õ
(20) /¨ùd Áõ
„û¨¿å gZ ¨≈ù£ú z Æ¡õ yf£Ö fd f£•±â [£•ò fd w¨∫õ ¨ø©õ Æ•òd
Õ`ç¨`Ö ’`ûÆ`ÜZ z x£` Ú £`ù ‰`ÖZÆ`¡õ fd ‰`ò yf£`Ωú ‡`¿çÁ`õ d£`û y¨`õÚ
gZ Zf ¨≈ßç ‰Ö£é¬ú w£â ÃçZ ÆÖ fZ¬ç Áù£é £¡úÚ gZ ÁãÆÖ fd ‰ò ¨¿ò
(21) dfZd Á`õ Õ`ï£`ûfd ¨``≈ù£`ú@Á`õA ‰`ç£`ò zf Z yf£`Ωú fd £`û
¨`≈ßç ‰`Ö£`é¬`ú w£`â Ã`çZ Æ`Ö fZ¬`ç Æ`¡õ xÚ zf ‰`ò ¨`úZ ‰`•ï£`ûy£`é ‰`Ö Zf
(22) ÕçZ fZ¬ç Á§çZ ÆÖ ‚ù zZ ‰ò ¨ùd Áõ
z y¨`õÚ Õ`ç¨`Ö Æ`¡õ gZ ‰`ò (Á`®úÆ`Ö) Á`ΩúÆ`à ‘`û¨`¿Ü fdÆ`Ö Æ`¡õ yÎ`ò
¨`≈ßç Á`ú¨`≈õ£`éÚ Õ`çZf Õ`çd fd z Ã`çZ f£`±ïZ œ`å Õ`çd fd dfZd Æ`ç
/dfZd
Zf xÚ Áõ£∂ú ?d¬é Áõ ’™Ö v£ç fZØù Õπù ‰Ö x£õg Á¿≈ûÚ Æ¡õ fd
,ÕçZ ydfzÚ „≈¿å
f£øé ‰ö£ç fZØù ¨≥•πù ‚ºä fZØù Õπù ‰Ö zZ ‚ºä ⁄Ö£Ü
Á`ù¨`ú£`õÆ`ï Æ`ûg yfZØ``ù Æ`ù ‰`ò„`ø¡Ö /Õ`çZ ‰`ú£`ô Õ`πù xZÆ``•ãZ gZ Á`ºû
¨`úZ y¨`≈ûZg x£`õg ¨`¿Ö ’`™Ö „`ûZ ,-Õ`≤ûfd ‰`ò Õ`çZ Á`úZÆ`ûZ ‰`≤û
¨`Ö z Á`º≈ú x£`≈õ ‡`¿â „`≈•±™ú yfZØ`ù ’`éx£`¡â jdÆ`ô ZÆ`Ö
/Õç£àÆÖ
„≈õg xZÆûZ
22
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
£Ü ¨•çÆï Áõ Zf Æ¡õ „≈õ£âÆï Ƨõ£≈à ZdØõf¬ùZ £û Æ¡õ dØûZ w£®úZÆç
/¨é£Ö Zzf x£õÆï Zf ‚•πù yfZØù
***
‘û¬úÆûg
ú ,fZ¬`ôfØ`Ö zf gZ d£`ÖÚ ‚`®ú „`û¨`öZ ‹`≈ç Æ`•òd ‰`úZgÆ`ï d£`•çZfd z ‰`•é¬`ú Æ`¡õ Æ`à ‰`õ£`
¬`è z Õ`çZ Á`ú£`ºéZ \f¬`è Æ`¡õ yhZz" :‰`ò ¨`úZ ydÆ`ò fzÚd£`û Æ`¡õ w£`ú yf£`ÖxÚ Á`ú£`ç£`ç \f
ò ,¨úZ ‰•±úZd ÁÖÆì Zf xÚ z d¬é Áõ y¨ûd £ù ‡¿ùÆï fd Á`çf£ï fd ‰ò Æ≈õ /ÕçZ Æ≈õy£Ü¬`
ù¬`à ‰`ò ‰`ú¬`Ωú£`øù x¬`å Õ`çZ Õ`çfd£`ú „`õ Æ`∂¿Ö ˘z Æ`≈õZ y¨`éÁ`õ f¬`à Á`çf£`ï fd Á`ú£`ºéZ Æ`
£`ï fd "Æ`≈õ" ‚`ù Á`ú£`ºéZ Æ`¡õ ¨`û£`Ö d¬`é£`ç£`ç z Á`ú£`ºéZ fd ‰`ò Æ`¡å ¨`¿ú£`õ /d¬`é Á`çfÁ`ú
‘`≈ûf ,Æ`≈õ Á`çf£`ï fd /ydZd £`¿∑õ Æ`≈≈∏Ü ,‰`•éZd dZ∞`ú Á`¿∑õfd) /¨`ùd Á`õ £`¿∑õ ydÆ`òÆ`ç z
£`ù yhZz f£`≈±Ö z d£`õZd Æ`≈õ z fl`çf¨`¿ï Æ`≈õ z [ÚÆ`≈õ:[Ú Æ`≈õ /Õ`çZ y¨`ú£`õg£`Ö Æ`Ωûd
‘`≈ûf :fl`çf¨`¿ï Æ`≈õ ,[Ú v¬`À±õ z ‘`≈ûfØ`Ö d£`õZdÆ`≈õ ,fl`çf¨`¿ï Z¨`ã¨`ò z fzÆ`ç uf
(£ù d£õZd
·û£øé ⁄û¨Ö Z fzd \¨Ö ‚≤å (¨∑ç) ·û£§ñ Æ≈õ z „õ ⁄øé z „õ y£õ
¨¿•±≤¿Ö Áø∑æÖ z xZÆ≈õ ‹è flû (Áòdzf) x£∫ùd —ö£è Æ≈à z xZÆä ‹è flû
≈õ Á`çf£`ï fd Æ`≈õ ‰`ò dfZ¨`ú Á`•πΩé z Æ`Ωûd £`ù ‰`ú¬`øú f£`≈±Ö zw£`ú :¨`é£`Ö ‰`•ïÆ`ú f£`ºÖ ‰`ú£`
/Á¿ûd z i¨∫õ £ù w£ú y∞û¬Ö d¬é Áõ Ÿπä £ù x£Ög fd „¡ò \f¬è ‰Ö „¡ò £ù
"ÕçZ yƶ≈õ jZ Áû£•çzZ \f¬è Æ¡õ /ÕçZ Æ¡õ yhZz ¨¿ù \f¬è ‹öZ £Ö ZÆ•≈õ
***
ú y∞`ûz /1370,Ø`≈û£`à ,3 yf£`øé w¬`ç v£`ç Á`ç£`¿é xZÆ`ûZ ‰`æ®õ '1Á`õ£`∂ú v£`ç " ‰`õ£`
483 k [¬ò „ûfg „≈±©öZ¨§ì gZ f¨¿ºçZ wØÖ fd x£ú¬û ‰π±æï "¬®¿ô
469 k ‰õ£úf¨¿ºçZ ,£πè ‰æöZ —≈Öe d£•çZ /‰æ®õ x£øù '2
ûd ,¨`≈ù£`ú z Æ`¡õ yf£`Ö fd f£`•±â /w¨`∫õ ¨`ø©õ Æ`•òd ' 3xZÆ`¡Ü ,Á`ù£`≤¿ù£`é 2536 y£`ø
"Æ•≤ã j¬À¡úz" 3k
‘ú£≈é¬ç ,Æ¡õ w¬ç ’™Ö /[£•ò x£øù '4
„≈õg xZÆûZ
23
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
,d£ÖÚ ‚®ú „û¨öZ ‹≈ç Æ•òd gZ xZdÆôÆÖ x£•ç£Ö xZÆûZ £ù „ûd ,uƧ≈ú ·¢¬õ£ç flûÆ¿ù ' 5
67 k w¬ç ’™Ö ,£¡Ω¿ùÆï ‰∑ö£µõ ÁúZÆûZ ØòÆõ
£`øûd ,¨`≈ù£`ú z Æ`¡õ yf£`Ö fd f£`•±â /w¨`∫õ ¨`ø©õ Æ`•òd '6/ xZÆ`¡Ü ,Á`ù£`≤¿ù£`é 2536 y
73 k Æ¡õ £ù Ã∫ö fd - 75 k
74 k [£•ò x£øù ' 7
£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ £`ù „`ûd ,uÆ`§≈ú ·`¢¬`õ£`ç fl`û Æ`¿ù ' 8‚`®ú „`û¨`öZ ‹`≈ç Æ`•òd gZ xZdÆ`ôÆ`Ö x£`•ç
“ûfZ¬•öZ ·ø®õ z d£ÖÚ
ÆÖ fZ¬ç Æ¡õ £ù yf£Ωú „ûZ fd / 63 yf£Ωú 170k ,¨≈ù£ú z Æ¡õ yf£Ö fd f£•±â '9
f£`ºé „`•ïÆ`ô £`û gZ¨`úZÆ`≈Ü w£`Ω¿ù ‰`Ö y£`ôf£`ºé fd Ã`çZ‰`Ö „`≈¿´øù /d¬`é Á`õ y¨`ûd ¨`¿øò £`Ö
/¨ûÆΩ¿Ö Áêf ‚é£ù gZ ‚±≈ûZÆ•≈õ [£•ò
68 £Ü 60 k /¨≈ù£ú z Æ¡õ yf£Ö fd f£•±â ' 10
£Ü z ‚û¬∫Ü fd gzÆ¡Ö —≈Öe ,d£û y¨úg ufØÖ d£•çZ £ù ’ùz∞à ‰û£à ÆÖ w¨∫õ Æ•òdxZÆûZ “ûf
£`ºéZ v£`ç fd z f¨`¿ºçZ gZ ‘`à v£`ç 65 ,¨`èf 1454 v£`ç fd ":¨`±û¬`ú Á`õgzf „`≈ø®¿à Á`ú
¨`û¬`ú gZ gzf 275 ‰`ºúÚ gZ ‘`à /¨`çf Á`õ ¨`û¬`ú Æ`¡õ fd£`õ ‰`Ö f£`¡Ö25 ‰`§¿≤ºû Ã`é Õ`é≠`ô
zf ‰`ò Õ`çZ „`≈¿å z d¬`é Á`õ y¨`≈ûZg Æ`¡õ ,Æ`§õ£`çd‚`ºû ,v£`ç x£`øù Æ`§õ£`çd 26 ‰`§¿ézd g
Áú£ï f¬Ü (f£˚£ç) ‚û¬∫Ü Õé≠ôÆç £Ö gzf ’é ‰ò d¬é Áõ Z yg£Ü Õé≠ôÆç g£îÚ z ‰û¬úZh
y£õ fd z y£øûd Áçf£à fd ,ÕçZ Æ¡õ ’ûZg x£õg „≈•±™ú y£õ ‰ò Áù£õ w£ú /dfZd Áú¬Ωøù£ú
zd x£`≈ú£`ç£`ç z x£`≈ú£`ºéZ x£`õg fd /Õ`çZ Õ`≤ûÆ`ò Á`ú£`•±≈ç £`ù¨`é Z¨`≈à xZÆ`ûZ fd yg£`Ü „`ûd
£`õg g£`îÚ fd @Æ`¡õA £`û y¨`¿ú£`ùf @£`©≈±õA „`ûd Á`ºûfd Á`ú£`õ „`ûd Æ`Ωûd z ,x£`≈ú£`ºéZ x
≠`ôÆ`ç /y¨`≈≤ò £`ß≈æå ‰`Ö £`±≈ì ’`ûZ¨`≈à gZ ’`≈à ,x£`≈ú£`ç£`ç x£`õgxZgZdÆ`à yfZØ`ô z x£`±û¬`ú Õ`é
Ø`ú ‰`ò ¨`úZ ydfzÚ „`™ç Á`©≈±õ ’`ûZ¨`≈à gZ ,xÚÆ`ñÕ`çfd x£`õg gZ ’`≈à ,y¨`ç ’`é ‰`Ö fl`ûd
x£`ô¨`¿ùz∞`à ‰`ò Õ`çZ „`ûZ fzÚ Õ`πΩé /¨`é£`Ö Á`õ y¨`≈≤ò fZd ‰`Ö £`±≈ì ’`ûZg„`ûZ Z yf£`Ö f¨`úZ
w£ú £Ö xZÆûZ x£Ög [dZ ˘z E¨úZ ‰•πΩú Á¿™ç z ‰•±úZd ÆÜÆÖ Zf fZd gZf ,¨õÚ ’≈à zd£ù
ºúÚ Õ`±™ú :df¬`ã Á`õ ‚`≤å ‰`Ö ‰`•ºú zd /Õ`çZ ‰`•ï£`û f¬`ûg Æ`¡õ „`ûd z £`©≈±õ—`≈±õ „`≈ûÚ ‰`
‰`ºúÚ wzd /¨`úfzÚ Á`õ Zf Á`±≈ì gzf dZg ‰`ò Õ`çZ Á`ú£`õg gZ Æ`Ü ‰`¿¡ò (y¨`¿ú£`ùf)fd —`≈±õ zd
y¨`≈≤ò (£`ß≈æå) fZd ‰`Ö x£`úÚ gZ Á`ºû ‰`ò ¨`úZ y¨`é Z¨`≈à x¬`ô£`ú¬`ô x£`õg zdy¨`≤ú Æ`Ωûd z y¨`é
„≈õg xZÆûZ
24
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
Æ`Ωûd z —`≈±õ w£`ú ‰`Ö Á`ºû Æ`§õ£`≈à zd ’`ûZ¨`≈à ,xÚÆ`ñ £`ù yfZØ`ô fd /Õ`çZZf Á`±≈ì w£`ú ‰`Ö
/¨úZ ‰•πô Á±≈ì w£ú ‰Ö Zf zdÆù £û —≈±õ w£ú ‰Ö Zf zdÆù ‰º¿ûZ £û ,¨úfzÚ Áõ
Áõzd z wÎ`±öZ ‰`≈æì —`≈±˚Z ¨`≈±öZ Zf „`≈•±™ú Æ`§õ£`≈à ,Ã`ù≠`öZ _zÆ`õ fd d¬`∑±õÆ•≤≈Ö Zf
/ÕçZ ‰•±úZd £≈æûZ fd Zf zZ ’ûZg z y¨úZ¬ã Æè£ú o¬≤ûZ
Ƨõ£≈à ‰Ö ÁΩö£ç –¿à z Õ±≈Ö fd —≈±õ ’ûZg gZ ’≈à 247 v£ç fd ,ÁõdÚ yÆ¡å ‰Ö Æ¡õ
ZÆ`ï d¬`ã „`ûd ‰`Ö Zf x£`õdÆ`õ v£`ç ·`¡å z ¨`é y¨`ûØ`ôÆ`ÖZf d¬`ã £`ù¨`û¬`ú £`û "·`≈®úZ" z ¨`úZ¬`ã
/͎œ
Æ`¡é „`≤â gzf y£`õ f¬`ûÆ`¡é wf£`¡å ‰`§¿ézd gzf ,Æ`¡õ Õ`é≠`ôfdv£`ç ,¨`çf 1518 v£`ç x£`ôf¬`û
d£•çZ y£ô¨ûd y¨≈ºå „ûZ / ÕçZ y¨õÚ ’≈à Ãé ‰ø≈ú flûdØú gzf w£Ω¿ù „≈øùdg£û fd f£õ
d) x¬`õ¬`ò Ø`•úZÆ`ï [£`•ò f£`•πô ’`≈à fd Á`úZd¬`âZ ¨`øäZ ‚`æñ gZ gzÆ`¡Ö —`≈Öey¨é ‰•ïÆô (Æ¡õ „û
/ÕçZ
149 k ‰±úZÆï xZdÆôÆÖ /ÁúZÆûZ £ù „ûd ,xÆô x¨ûz '11
/h¬ö¬•≈õ 67 k [£•ò x£øù '12
ô „ç „•±ûÆò £ù [£•ò gZ £ù Õ`≤û yf£Ö fd „ûd£≈¿Ö £ùf£ò :¨`±û¬ú Áõ xÆô x¨ûz‰•ïÆ`
115 ' 81 k 1928 v£ç 4 _ 80 /ÕçZ y¨é
Ö xZÆ`ûZ £`ù „`ûd ,uÆ`§≈ú ·`¢¬`õ£`ç fl`ûÆ`¿ù ' 13‚`®ú „`û¨`öZ ‹`≈ç Æ`•òd gZ xZdÆ`ôÆ`Ö x£`•ç£`
60' 59 k yƶ≈õ „ø®úZ ,x£•ç£Ö xZÆûZ Áì£ø•âZ £ù „ûd w¬ç ’™Ö 52 k ,d£ÖÚ
' ‰±úZÆï xZdÆôÆÖ /ÁúZÆûZ £ù „ûd xÆô x¨ûz ' 14
62 k ,x£•ç£Ö xZÆûZ £ù „ûd ,uƧ≈ú ·¢¬õ£ç flûÆ¿ù ' 15
[£•ò x£øù ' 16
£`•ç£`Ö xZÆ`ûZ £`ù „`ûd uÆ`§≈ú ·`¢¬`õ£`ç fl`ûÆ`¿ù ' 17d£`ÖÚ ‚`®ú „`û¨`öZ ‹`≈çÆ`•òd xZdÆ`ôÆ`Ö x
yƶ≈õ „ø®úZz ,x£ù£ô Á¿ûd „ø®úZ 78k
78 k [£•ò x£øù ' 18
/‰õ¬≈ù „≈ûÚ 83 k [£•ò x£øù ' 19
£`çÚ ZÆ`Ö ,‚`•çf ’`ûZg w£`Ω¿ù ‰`ò Õ`çZ „`≈ûÚ „`≈øù zÆ`≈à ‰`Ö ' 20f¬`•çd ‰`Ö x£`øûZg x¨`é x
¨`≈é¬`à £`¡¿≈ûÚ fd /¨`¿ùd Á`õ yd£`Ö ‰`¿≈ø¡Ü ‰`Ö pÆ`ø≈ç£`â ‰`Ö fl`¿ûZ Æ`¡õ £`ù „`ø®úZ z y
„≈õg xZÆûZ
25
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com
/¨é¬ú Áõ yd£Ö ‰õ¬≈ù
/Áêf ‚é£ù gZ ‚≈ûZÆ•≈õ [£•ò z yf£Ωú 102 k ¨≈ù£ú z Æ¡õ yf£Ö fd f£•±â ' 21
[Ú z ·`±ì Æ`≈ø™Ü gZ ‰`ò dzf Á`õ ¨`≈ßç ‰`Ö£`é¬`ú gZ „`™ç xÆ`ô x¨`ûz [£`•ò fdÁ`õ Õ`ç¨`Ö
257 k ¨ûÚ
£ù yf£Ωú ’™Ö ,¨≈ù£ú z Æ¡õ yf£Ö fd f£•±â ,[£•ò x£øù ' 22
***
„≈õg xZÆûZ
26
Download: www.ghalbinternet.com