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Unit Five Business

In-classroom ActivityThe First Step Reading Skill:Context Clues to Word Meaning II

1. Review

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

1. What is context?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

1. What is context?

the parts of a sentence, paragraph, discourse, etc. immediately next to or surrounding a specified word or passage and determining its exact meaning

the words or sentences before or after the item you don’t know.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

2. What is a context clue?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

2. What is a context clue?

A context clue refers to the hint or clue or information guessed from or provided by the meaning of the context to help understand the particular word or expression.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

3. What is a definition clue?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

3. What is a definition clue?

A definition clue is the information provided by the words that are used directly or indirectly to define the word or expression in the same context. It may appear as a dictionary definition, but in most cases they appear in the simpler words or phrases.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

4. What is an example clue?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

4. What is an example clue?

An example clue is the information provided by the context by using examples or specific items to explain the word or expression in the same context.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

5. What is a context signal?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

5. What is a context signal?

A context signal is the signal in the context reminding the reader that the context clue may come.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

6. What are the punctuations

used as context signals?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

6. What are the punctuations used as context signals?

Punctuations used as context signals are comma, dash, semi-colon, full stop or parenthesis.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

7. What are the words usually used as context signals?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II

7. What are the words usually used as context signals?

Words usually used as context signals are some pronouns, some adjectives, some conjunctions or definite article, expressions, verbs, etc

2. Further Knowledge (p. 57)

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

Context clues help explain or guess the meaning of the particular word or expression. Sometimes, semantic relationships among the words are also helpful in doing so.

1. What are semantic relationships?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

1. What are semantic relationships?

Semantic relationships refer to the relationships between meanings of two (or two groups of) words in the same context, in which sometimes the meaning(s) of one (or one group of) word(s) can be used to explain or guess the meaning(s) of the other (or the other group) because of their semantic relationships.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

2. What may semantic relationships include?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

2. What may semantic relationships include?

Semantic relationships may include class relationship, contrast relationship, comparison relationship, etc.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

3. What is class relationship?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

3. What is class relationship?

Class relationship refers to the relationship between meaning one word or expression and meanings of a group of words in the same context. The meanings of the latter are included in the meaning of the former.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

e. g.

1. Housekeeping involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.

2. Citrus fruit – oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes – are produced in Florida and California. (p. 44)

Practice of context clues

(p. 61)

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

1. Research says that California’s population will expand by 500,000 people a year, and two thirds if this increase will be Hispanics and Asians.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

1. Research says that California’s population will expand by 500,000 people a year, and two thirds if this increase will be Hispanics and Asians.

context signal: “this”Context: increaseDictionary: to become large in size, bulk, scope, etc.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

2. One of the youngest of the international organization, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of ( 随…而来 )the Second World War.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

2. One of the youngest of the international organization, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War.

Context signals: ( … )Context: the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade ( 关贸总协定 )

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

3. The system was developed though a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under GATT.

What does “rounds” mean? How do you know it?

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

3. The system was developed though a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under GATT.

Context signal: , orContext: a series of trade negotiationsDictionary: a series or succession of action, events, etc. that is complete at, or as if at, the point where it began

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

4. The WTO rules --- agreements --- are the result of negotiations between the members.

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

4. The WTO rules --- agreements --- are the result of negotiations between the members.

Context signals: --- … ---Context: rulesDictionary: a contract

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

5. These principles appear in the new General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning II-1

5. These principles appear in the new General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).

Context Signals: ( … )Context: General Agreement on Trade in Servic

es ( 服务贸易总协定 )

In-classroom ActivityThe Second Step Word Pretest (p. 59)

Word Pretest

1. Efforts have been made to wipe out poverty in the rural area.

A. city

B. countryside

C. mountain

D. coast

Word Pretest

rural – of, relating to, or characteristic of the country

A. city – a town of significant size and importance.

B. countryside – the region which is far from the cities.

C. mountain -- a natural elevation of the earth's surface having considerable mass, generally steep sides, and a height greater than that of a hill

D. coast -- land next to the sea; the seashore

Word Pretest

1. Efforts have been made to wipe out poverty in the rural area.

A. city

B. countryside

C. mountain

D. coast

Word Pretest

2. The coastal areas are having a period of prosperity.

A. change

B. success and wealth

C. failure and poverty

D. improvement

Word Pretest

prosperity – prosperous condition; good fortune, wealth, success, etc.

A. change -- to cause to be different:

B. success and wealth –

C. failure and poverty –

D. improvement – an addition or change that makes something better

Word Pretest

2. The coastal areas are having a period of prosperity.

A. change

B. success and wealth

C. failure and poverty

D. improvement

Word Pretest

3. I bought this pair of shoes five years ago, and they are durable that I am still wearing them now.

A. good-looking

B. suitable

C. long-lasting

D. fashionable

Word Pretest

durable – capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay

A. good-looking – of a pleasing or attractive appearance; handsome

B. suitable – appropriate to a purpose or an occasion

C. long- lasting – of lasting a long time

D. fashionable – conforming( 使…一致 ) to the current style; stylish

Word Pretest

3. I bought this pair of shoes five years ago, and they are durable that I am still wearing them now.

A. good-looking

B. suitable

C. long-lasting

D. fashionable

Word Pretest

4. The woolen clothes will shrink in the wash, so buy a large size when you want them.

A. become darker

B. become lighter

C. become larger

D. become thinner

Word Pretest

shrink – to become constricted( 压缩 ) from heat, moisture, or cold

A. become darker –

B. become lighter –

C. become larger –

D. become thinner –

Word Pretest

4. The woolen clothes will shrink in the wash, so buy a large size when you want them.

A. become darker

B. become lighter

C. become larger

D. become thinner

Word Pretest

5. Some plastics are as tough as metal.

A. soft

B. heavy

C. hard

D. cheap

Word Pretest

tough – able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking

A. soft –easily molded, cut, or worked.

B. heavy –having relatively great weight

C. hard –physically toughened; rugged 粗糙 D. cheap –relatively low in cost; inexpensive or comparatively inexpensive

Word Pretest

5. Some plastics are as tough as metal.

A. soft

B. heavy

C. hard

D. cheap

Word Pretest

6. There is a variety of commodities in the department store.

A. goods

B. customers

C. clothes

D. stationery

Word Pretest

commodities – an article of trade or commerce, esp. an agricultural or mining product, that can be transported

A. goods – merchandise or ware

B. customers – one that buys goods or services.

C. clothes – articles of dress; garments.

D. stationery – writing materials and office supplies

Word Pretest

6. There is a variety of commodities in the department store.

A. goods

B. customers

C. clothes

D. stationery

Word Pretest

7. The trend of prices is still upwards.

A. tendency

B. part

C. majority

D. minority

Word Pretest

trend – a general tendency or inclination

A. tendency –movement or prevailing movement in a given direction

B. part – a portion, division, piece, or segment of a whole.

C. majority – the greater number or part; a number more than half of the total.

D. minority – the smaller in number of two groups forming a whole.

Word Pretest

7. The trend of prices is still upwards.

A. tendency

B. part

C. majority

D. minority

Word Pretest

8. The idea of allowing the players to wear the company’s logo may win approval.

A. clothes

B. slogan

C. symbol

D. tie

Word Pretest

logo --- a distinctive company signature, motto, trademark, newspaper nameplate, etc.

A. clothes

B. slogan --- a catchword or rallying motto distinctly associated with a political party or other group

C. symbol --- an object used to represent, stand

for or suggest another thing abstract

D. tie

Word Pretest

8. The idea of allowing the players to wear the company’s logo may win approval.

A. clothes

B. slogan

C. symbol

D. tie

In-classroom ActivityThe Third StepText, Section A

Text, Section ALevis Strauss & Company

Text, Section A1. Text-reading (p. 60)

1. Try to finish the reading of the text within eight and a half minutes and to get the basic idea of the story. (705/80wpm≈8.5 minutes)

2. After finishing the reading try to do Reading Comprehension on page 62

Text, Section A2. Reading Comprehension(P. 62)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

1. When did Strauss go to California? A. 1847 B. 1848 C. 1849 D. 1850

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

D – The possibility of prosperity led Strauss to go to California in 1850 to sell dry goods. (l. 3, para. 1)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

1. When did Strauss go to California? A. 1847 B. 1848 C. 1849 D. 1850

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

2. In California, Strauss made a lot of _____.

A. tents

B. fashionable clothes

C. light and thin clothing

D. waist-high overalls

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

D. --- … so Strauss has a tailor make the unsold cloth into waist-high overall (l. 5. para. 1)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

2. In California, Strauss made a lot of _____.

A. tents

B. fashionable clothes

C. light and thin clothing

D. waist-high overalls

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

3. Eventually, Strauss used cloth from _____.

A. France only

B. Italy only

C. America only

D. both France and Italy

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

D --- …, as it was woven in Nimes, France … from Italian town of Genoa, called “Genes”… (l. 2, para. 2)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

3. Eventually, Strauss used cloth from _____.

A. France only

B. Italy only

C. America only

D. both France and Italy

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

4. After the 1906 earthquake and fire, Levi’s company _____.

A. stopped its business for only a short period of time

B. guaranteed the salaries of its retail merchants

C. paid less salaries to the employees

D. lent money to its retail merchants

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

D --- And the company’s retail merchants were offered low- or no-interest loans to rebuild. (l. 3, para. 4)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

4. After the 1906 earthquake and fire, Levi’s company _____.

A. stopped its business for only a short period of time

B. guaranteed the salaries of its retail merchants

C. paid less salaries to the employees

D. lent money to its retail merchants

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

5. Levi’s jeans had to be rationed ____

A. after W W I

B. during W W I

C. after W W II

D. during W W II

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

C --- … that the jeans had to be rationed for two years after the war was over. (l. 1, para. 5)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

5. Levi’s jeans had to be rationed ____

A. after W W I

B. during W W I

C. after W W II

D. during W W II

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

6. Some Levi’s 555s had a higher price than its regular 555s because these 555s were ____.

A. of high quality

B. more fashionable

C. limited in production quantity

D. supposed to sell to young people only

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

C --- In the mid-80s, the company produced a limited production of Levi’s 555s at a higher price than its regular 555s (l. 1, para. 7)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

6. Some Levi’s 555s had a higher price than its regular 555s because these 555s were ____.

A. of high quality

B. more fashionable

C. limited in production quantity

D. supposed to sell to young people only

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

7. Research says that California’s population will expand by _____ people a year.

A. 500,000

B. 50,000

C. 60,000

D. 600,000

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

A --- Research says that California’s population will expand by 500,000 people a year…

(l. 3, para. 8)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

7. Research says that California’s population will expand by _____ people a year.

A. 500,000

B. 50,000

C. 60,000

D. 600,000

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

8. In California, Levi’s is making efforts to meet the needs of the following EXCEPT _____.

A. Hispanics

B. blacks

C. Asians

D. Eastern Europeans

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

D --- Economic and population trends in California show that Hispanics, blacks and Asians will have increasing economic influence as their numbers continue to grow. (l. 1, para. 7)

Reading Comprehension, Text, Section A

8. In California, Levi’s is making efforts to meet the needs of the following EXCEPT _____.

A. Hispanics

B. blacks

C. Asians

D. Eastern Europeans

In-classroom ActivityThe Fourth StepVocabulary Building (p. 63)(2) suffix

Vocabulary Building, suffix

suffix: -ial, -ed, -ize 1. stem /noun/verb +ial --- adj. /noun 1) of or concerning things, 2) the act of doing sth e. g. social, editorial, professorial, judicial

Vocabulary Building, suffix

suffix: -ial, -ed, -ize 2. noun / verb + -ed --- adj. adj. – noun + -ed --- adj. having the character of, having e.g. pointed, walled, wooded, dogged left-handed, single-handed

Vocabulary Building, suffix

suffix: -ial, -ed, -ize (ise) 3. noun / adj. + -ize --- verb the act of doing sth. e. g. computerize, legalize specialize, symbo

lize

Vocabulary Building, suffix

Key to the exercise of suffix (p. 64)

1. minimize 2. delighted3. industrial 4. realized5. frightened 6. organized7. partial 8. talented