Post on 05-Jan-2016
第 23讲
形容词和形容词词组
23.1 形容词分类 1. 单词形容词和复合形容词:形容词,就词的构成来说,分为单词形容词( one-word adjective)和复合形容词( compound adjective) .
2. 中心形容词和外围形容词:形容词,就其句法功能来说,分为中心形容词( central adjective)和外围形容词( peripheral adjective) .
中心形容词( central adjective)如: Green apples are sour. Pillar-boxes are green.外围形容词( peripheral adjective)如: This is utter nonsense. This child is asleep.
3. 动态形容词和静态形容词:形容词,按词汇意义,分为动态形容词( dy
namic adjective)和静态形容词( static adjective) .
动态形容词( dynamic adjective)如: tall, short, big, small, ugly, beautiful, shallow, deep, blue, white 等。
静态形容词( static adjective)如: abusive, ambitious, awkward, brave, calm, careful, dull, enthusiastic, extravagant, faithful, reasonable, rude, thoughtful, troublesome, vain, vicious, wicked, witty 等。
4. 等级形容词和非等级形容词:就词汇意义来说,形容词还可分为等级形容词( gradable adjective)和非等级形容词( Non-gradable adjective) .
等级形容词( gradable adjective)如: tall---taller---tallest beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful非等级形容词( Non-gradable adjective)如: atomic scientist, hydrochloric acid, French food, Chinese carpet
又如: perfect, excellent, extreme 等。
23.2 形容词与分词 1. 由 -ing分词转化来的形容词:由 -ing分词转化来的形容词常见的有: abso
rbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, boring, challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing, deafening, discouraging, disturbing, exciting, fascinating, frightening, humiliating, insulting, obliging, perishing, pleasing, perising, tempting, terrifying, thrilling, tiring, vexing, worrying 等。
2. 由 -ed分词转化来的形容词:由 -ed分词转化来的形容词常见的有: alarm
ed, amazed, amused, balanced, bored, conceited, celebrated, civilized, disappointed, distinguished, divided, educated, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, fascinated, frightening, hurried, interested, limited, noted, offended, pleased, relaxed, reserved, satisfied, uncooked, uncovered, undecided, unsettled, worried 等。
3. 主动意义和被动意义:由 -ing分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,而由及物动词的 -ed分词转化来的形容词则通常带有被动意义。如:
boiling water boiled water
a charming girl a charmed girl
exciting news an excited audience
an interesting story an interested look
a pleasing voice a pleased look
a terrifying story a terrified woman
23.3 形容词(词组)作名词修饰语 1. 形容词(词组)的前置与后置:前置形容词词序排列:限定词 ---表示说话人评价的形容词 ---表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词 ---表示颜色的形容词 ---表示国别、来源、材料的形容词 ---表示用途或目的的形容词、名词等类别词 ---名词中心词。
eg. The man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
某些中心名词所修饰的形容词只能后置: Eg. The people involved / concerned/ intere
sted
2. 补语形容词:补语形容词主要有两类:一类是表示健康状况的词: Eg. He’s very well. You look ill.另一类是以前缀 a-开首的词: Eg. The two brothers are very much alike. I was alone in the house. He was asleep. Although old, he is very much alive, The sky was aglow with the setting sun.
3. 形容词词组与关系分句凡能做后置修饰语的形容词或形容词词组,其含义往往相当于一个关系分句。
Eg. The members present=the members who are present
Anything interesting= anything that is interesting
Anywhere quiet= anywhere that is quiet
23.4 形容词词组作补语 1. 形容词 +介词词组: Eg. He was absent form the meeting. I’m not yet accustomed to the cold. Don’t be afraid of difficulties. She felt ashamed of herself. I was astonished at his behaviour. Books are very dear to him. They were terribly worried about you.
2. 形容词 +不定式: Eg. She is stupid not to follow your advice. =It is stupid of her not to follow your advice. He is impossible to teach. =It is impossible to teach him. He was disappointed to hear about it. =To hear about it disappointed him.
3. 形容词 +that-分句 Eg. I’m sure that we’ll succeed. I’m glad that you like it. She was amazed that he should arrive so so
on. I’m surprised to learn that he didn’t come. He is confident that he will be able to pass t
he exam.
1999
53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular
D. specific
1999
59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in serious consequences.
A. urgent B. instant C. prompt
D. Hast y
2000
57. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed.
A. distant B. slim C. unlikely
D. narrow
2000
61. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly___ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.
A. exploited B. controversial
C. inexhaustible D. remarkable
2000
65. Dreams are___ in themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.
A. uninformative B. startling C. harmless D. uncontrollable
2001
57. You must insist that students give a truthful answer ___ with the reality of their world.A. relevant B. simultaneous
C. consistent D. practical
2001
61. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be___.A. restless B. skilled C. strong
D. versatile
2001
63. Although he has become rich, he is still very ___ of his money.A. economic B. thrifty
C. frugal D. careful
2002
57. The party’s reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.
A. indicative B. positive C. revealing
D. evident
2002
58. There has been a ______ lack of communication between the union and the management.
A. regretful B. regrettable
C. regretting D. regretted
2002
60. The ______ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.
A. normal B. average C. usual D. general
2002
63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _____ room in the hotels here.
A. empty B. vacant C. free D. deserted
2003
60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel.
A. empty B. blank C. deserted D. vacant
2003
65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English.
A. intermediate B. middle C. medium D. mid
2004
56.Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ____.A. invaluable B. priceless
C. unworthy D.worthless
2004
64.Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is ____ with life.A. vibrant B. violent C. energetic D. full
2005
80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightly B. sparsely
C. hardly D. rarely