7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
1/276
&Jabmfausmfjr (&ckdi f) ESpf100(1915 - 2005)
uefawmhyef;uAsmrsm;/ pmwrf;rsm;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
2/276
1
&Jabmfausmfjr &mjynfhtxdrf;trSwfe@JuG,fvGefkjcif; 10 ESpfajrmuftxdrf;trSwf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
3/276
2
rmwdum
1? aus;Z l;wifv $m
2? & Jabm fausm fjr(&cki f) & J@ b0ae@p GrSw fwrf;
3? v Grf;o l@yef;acGo Dcsi f;
4? & Jabm fausm fjrb0wGif;r S"mwfyHt , fv fbef
5? & Jabm fausm fjr(&cki f). uk, fw kifa&; tawG@t}uHKr Sw fwrf;
6? &c kif jynfe, f& Sw u Gwjym;p Djzpfae=uaom jynfcsp f0g' D& Jabm fr sm;ok@-
&c kif& Jabm fa[mi f;wOD;x HrSyef=um;v$m
7? &c kifw kif;r Szu fqpfawm fv Sefa&; tawG@t}uHK
(zufqpfawm fv Sefa&; atmifyGt ESpf50 ajrmuft x drf;tr Sw f jynfo l@tm%m*sm
e, frS)
8? om;or D;rsm;xHay;pmrsm;
9? & Jabm fausm fjruG, fv Gefcs defw Gi fay;y d@vmaom o0%fv $mrsm;
10? uG, fv Gefo l& Jabm fausm fjrod@ uefawm hye f;uAsmrsm;
-&c kifk ;r&J@ armfu Gef; armi fv S0i f;(jrif;+cH)
-O D;n w f=uygawmh 0i f;wifx Gef;
-o Hr% d=u,feDo k@ r k;n Gef @
-awm fv Sefa&;tvHxu fu =u,feDwyGi f armi fpk;cs def
-& Jabm fausm fjr tvGr f;a jy z k;e D
11? awm fv Sefa&;orm;wOD;& J@ ZeD;o,f/ awm fv Sefa&; tdrfaxmi fwck&J @ rdci f/
& Jabm fausm fjr(&ckif) o k@ tv Grf;r Sw fwrf; & Jabm f(a':) O D;p def(=umO D;jzL)
12? aumi f;uifazaz jr&nfcs dK
13? ygyg hy H& dyfr sm; a0O D;jzL
14? ygyg haemufq H;&ufrsm; a0O D;jzL
15? &c di fk ;rrSm ESif ;q D&eH @awGo if;ys H@aeqJa r$;aeqJ & Jabm fai G
16? & Jabm fausm fjr & Jabm fapmukOD;
17? & Jabm f(OD; ) ausm fjr od@r[kw ftaemu fk;r. oauFw & Jabm fpk;csp f
18? Armjynftaemu fzsm;u vif;, kef }u D; & Jabm fzk;o Hacsmi f;
19? &c ki fk ;ray:u =u,feD }u D; v Sausm faZ m
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
4/276
3
20? & Jabm fausm fjr b0wap hwapmi f; jyefajymif;owd&csuf p k; jrifjrwf
21? or kif;x Ju &c kifk ;ray:u =u,feD & Jabm fat;oe f;
22? &c kifk ;rukausm fv#i f z k;e D
23? u|e fawm fo dcJaom & Jabm fausm fjr & Jabm farmi farmi f
24? & Jabm fOD;ausm fjr trSw fw& & Jabm fatmi fcsp f
25? & Jabm fausm fjr (&ckif) o d@r[kw f&moufye fawm fv Sefa&;orm; }uD;
&Jabm fcsp fatmi f
26? jrefrm hEkifiHa&;orkif;pmrsufESmrsm;ay:u O Dausm fjr(&Jabm fausm fjr-&c kif)
b k% f; jrwfom
27? & Jabm fausm fjrok@ *k% fjy K tav;e D Aw k;& Sef(rH& Gm)
28? & Jabm fausm fjr (&ckif) eJ @ ywfou fw Jtaw G;prsm; &Jabm fatmi fv Gif
29? E kifiHwum o dcsi f;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
5/276
4
aus;Zl;wifv $m
2015 c kE Sp fonf & Jabmfausm fjr (O D ;ausm f jr-&c ki f ). oufwrf; 100
jyn f hE Sp fjzp fy gon f? & Jabm fausm f jruk d &c k di f aw mifwe f ;a'o (,ck
&ckifjynfe, f) yvu f0+rdK @e,fw Giftz O D;ausmfx Ge f;/ trda':pHo lw k@ rS1915
c k/ E k0i fbm 11 &ufae@u arG;z Gm;c J&m/ arG;csif; 10 a,mu fteu fww d,
ajrmufjzpf+y D; trmarG;csif;x Jr Swa,mufjzpfy gonf? T 2015 ckESpfon f
Armjynftrs dK ;om;acgi f;aqmif}u D; ocifatmi fqef;E Si fArmjynfpmay
tEkynm r dci f}u D;jzpfon f tar v lx ka':trmwk@onfvn f; & Jabm f
ausmfjrenf;w ltE Spf100 jynfarG;E Spfjzpfygonf? &Jabmfausmfjronf1936
c kE Sp f ausmif;om;oydw f/ 1300 jynf ta&;awmfyHw k@. o ydw fwyfom;
wO D ; jzp fy gonf? o l @acw f or k di f ;ay; wm0e fr sm ; jzp fonf h w d ki f ; jyn f
v Gw fvyfa&;/ 'Dr kua&p Da&;E Sif qk&S, fv pfa&;wd @uk xrf;aqmifc Jonf
oci frsdK ;qufrsm;ESif tw lay:aygufc Jon fArmjynf. yxr E ki fiHa&;rs dK;
qu fjzpfy gonf?
,c ktcg Arm jyn f. yxrrs d K ;quf E k d i fi Ha&;orm;r sm;vnf ;
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; r& Sawmhyg? &Jabmfausmfjronfyi fuG, fv GefcJon frSm 2015
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
6/276
5
c kE Sp fw Gi f 10 E Sp f jynfygawmhrnf? & Jabmfausm f jrwk d @ r s d K ;qufrsm;.
w kif; jynfE Sifvlrs dK ; tay: azmfaqmifcJaom aumif;r _rsm;uk&Jabmfausmfjr
,ckv kE Sp f100 jynfar G;ae@rSm jyefvn fwo * k% fjyKonftaeE Si fTpm
t ky fi, fu kx kw fa0z k@ }u dK;pm;cJjcif; jzpfy gonf?
o k d @ aom fvn f ; & J abm f au sm f j rE S i f htw l v ky fu k d i f c J h aom
Armjyn fyxrrs dK ;quf Edi fi Ha&;orm;rsm;xJr S b,fo lr S yg0if a&;om;
E k di f jci f ;r& S dawmhbJ & Jabmfausm f jr a&;c J honf h uk d, fwk di fa&; tawG @
t}u H Kr Sw fwr f ; tusO f ;u k dom azm f jyE k d i fc J h y g onf? wcs de fwnf ;r Sm
& Jabm fausmfjrESiftw lv kyfu ki fcJaom O D;bpH(&ckif). &ckifwkif;&if;om;
rsm;ESif jrefrmEki fi H. v Gwfvyfa&; }ud K;yrf; r _ pmtkyfuk uk;um;+y D;
& Jabmfausmfjrwd@acwf&c kiftrs dK ;om;rsm;. v _y f& Sm;r_rsm;ukvn f;aumif;/
avxD;O D;t ke f;armif. E Sp faygi f; ig;q, f=umaomtcgpmtkyfu kum;+y D;
zu fqpf*syefawm fv Se fa&;eJ@ ywfou fI wpHw&m azm fx kw fa&;om;c Gif
&on ftw Gu fawm hr l0r f;om&ygonf?
wcs de fwn f;r Sm & Jabm fausm fjr. ESp f100 jynf tx dr f;trSw f
pmtky fr Sm yg0i fa&;om;c J =uonf & Jabmfausm f jrE Si f twl Armjynf
jynfo l@' Dr kua&p Da&;ukwku fy G0ifcJaom Armjynfu GefjrLepfygwD. ww d,
r s d K ;qu fr S & J abm f }u D ; r s m ; tm ;v H k ;u k dvn f ; au s ;Z l ;wi f a =umi f ;
azm fjytyfy gonf?
aemu fq H k ;taeE S i f h Tpmt ky fu k d p D pO f ay ;aom E S i f ;q D
v Gif jyifpmay ukvn f; aus;Zlwifa =umi f; r Sw fwrf; wifyg&ap?
tm;v H;u kav;pm;p Gmjzif
& Jabm fausm fjr. use f&p fo lr dom;p k
2015 c kE Spf / rwfv ?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
7/276
6
& Jabm fausm fjr(&ckif)& J@ b0ae@pGr Sw fwrf;
1? & Jabm fausm fjruk &cki fawmi fwef;a'o (,c k&cki fjynfe, f)
yvuf0+rdK @e,fw Giftz O D;ausmfx Ge f; / tr da':pHo lw k@ r S1915 ck/ E k0ifbm
11 &ufae@u arG;z Gm;c J? arG;csif; 10 a,mu fteu fww d,ajrmufjzpf+y D;
trmarG;csif;x JrSw a,mu fjzpfw, f?
2? 1933 ckE Sp fw Gif q, fwef;u k (u) tqifjzif atmi fjrifcJ +y D;
&e fu kefwu Uo kv frSm qufvufynmoif, lcJ? e*g;eDpmtkyfw ku fx kw fbH0g'/
zu fqpf0g' pwJpmtky faw Gzw f_av hvmc J? rmhu fp f0 g'ukaw G@& ScJw, f?
3? 1936 ckE Spf / {+yDvrSm &c kifv li, frsm; Ek; =um;a&; tpnf;
tH;uk tjcm; &c kifw k;wu fo lv li, frsm;eJ@twl zG@pnf;a&;rSm yg0ifcJ?
tpn f;t H;& J@ tr_aqmi fv l}u D;wOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJ? y duwfw ku fp k;tjzp f
r* ~Zi f;tzG@e J@ &mZ0ife J@ pma[mif; aya[mif;p kaqmi f;a&;vky fie f;w k@r Sm
yg0ifaqmif& Gu fcJ&w,f?
4? 1936 ckESp ft*Fv dyfu kv ke De, fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ ' kw d, ausmi f;
om;oydw fw Gi f&c kifausmifom; tajrmuftjrm; enf;w l&Jabm fausm fjr
vn f; wufwu fuu yg0ifcJw, f?
5? 1936 c kE Sp f ausmi f ;om;oydwfumvtwGi f ;r Smy J oydw f
u dp Ptw Gu fppfaw Gu k&ckifausmif;om;acgi f;aqmifrsm; jzpf=uwJu kb pH/
u kn dKx Ge f;w d@e J@ tw ljyef+y D; ppfaw Gausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmifrsm;ukac:,l
oydw fw&m;a[m? pp faw Gausmif;om;rsm; or*~u kzG@pnf;ay;cJ? &cki f
awmi fwef;a'orSm ausmi f;om;oydw faw Gu kazm fx kw fcJ=uw,f?
6? 1938 (1300 jynfta&;awmfy H) umvrSmvn f; wufwu f
uuyg0ifv _y f& Sm;cJw, f?
7? 1940 c kE Sp fr Sm bDatpmar;y G Ju k d t*Fvdy fpm* k%fxl; jzi f h
atmif jri fc J? &cki fuk jyefvm+yD; ausmufjzLr Sm ausmi f ; q&mtjzpf 2
E Sp ftr_xr f;&if; ausmif;om;rsm;ukrs dK;cspfp dw fo Gif;ay;c Jw, f?
8? 1942 ckE Sp f/ *syefrsm; Armjynfo d@ 0ifvm? t* Fv dy ftpd;&u
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
8/276
7
tr_xrf;awGu koH;vpm vpmxkw fay;um tEN,o d@ x Gu fajy;oGm;? tJ'D
tcs de fup+y D; ppfaw Gu kjyefvmum E difiHa&;v_y f& Sm;r_r Sm ajcpHypf0ifa&muf
cJw, f?
9? 1942 ckE Sp ftw Gi f;r Smy J Akv f&e fatmi f[m Arm hv Gw fvyfa& ;
wyfrawmfwy ftiftm;wcs dK@eJ@ &ckifu ka&mufvmcJ? &ckifta&;udp Prsm;uk
O D;omZvS/ O D;atmifx Gef;O D;/ OD;bpH/ O D;n dKx Ge f;/ OD;ausmfjr (&Jabm fausm fjr)
wk@eJ @ nE_if;wkifyif aqmif& Gufc J? A kvf&efatmi f& J @ wm0efay;csuft&
&Jabmfausmfjr[m b l;o D;awmifb% fu koGm;a&mufo drf;y ku fcJ? b Dt kifat
t kyfcsKyfa&;tzG@awGzG@pnf;E kifa&; &ckifawmifwef; ae&mtE S@ Akv f&efatmif
e J@twlv Sn fvn fw&m;a[mc J? t J'Duwn f;u *syefqef@usifa&;udp Pu k
pwi fa[m=um;c J=uw,f?
10? 1942 ckE SpfaE Smif;y kif;r Sm A kv f&e fatmife J@ twl&e fu kefvku fyg
oGm;+y D ; &cki fr Sm bD' Dat zG @pnf;a&; A kv fcs Ky f atmifqef;e J @ nE_i f ;c J?
wcs defwn f;r Sm OD;E k(oci fE k)/ ocifcspfw k@e J@ ppfaw Gc kift ky fcs Kyfa&;udp Pu k
O D;n dKx Ge f;/ OD;bpHw k@e J@ tw l& Jabm fausm fjr aqG;aEG;c Jw, f?
11? * sye facwfumvwGi f yvuf0 +r d K @u k d wm0e fay;c su ft&
odr f ;, l +y D ; jynfol @tky fc s Ky fa&;tzG J @ (PAC) wm0efc H +r d K @tky ftjzp f
wm0e fxrf;aqmifcJ&w,f?
12? 1943 ck/ Zefe0g& D 12 &ufae@rSm O D;bpH/ O D;ausmfjrwd@tzG@
+r dK @a[mif;+rdK@ok@ oGm;+yD; &ckifr sdK;cspfyk*~Kv frsm;ESifaw G@q Haq G;aEG;=u? &ckiftES@
taysm fxrf; umuG, fa&;wyfzG@pnf;cJ? OD;ausmfjr (&Jabmfausmfjr) ukyvuf
0 wm0e fc Htjzp fwm0e fay;c Jw, f?
13? +r d K @tky fwm0efxrf ;aqmifaepO f &e fu ke fa&mufaec d ku fr Sm
oci fpk;e J@ awG@+yD; *syefawm fv Sefa&;twGu f jyifqifa&; wm0efay;c Hc J&?
oci fo def;az(ode f;azjrif) e J@ ocifwifa& $w k@ t dE N,c& D;pOftw Gu f u ln D
ay;c J&? tvm;wlv li, ftcs dK @ukt dE N,yk@ay;a&;uku ln Daqmi f& Gu fay ;
&w,f?
14? 1945 c k/ Zefe0g& Dw&ufae@r Sm O D;ndKx Ge f;w k@e J@twl *syef
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
9/276
8
awm fv Se fa&;ukacgif;aqmif+y D; wjynfv H;xufapmpGm w ku fcku fc Jw, f?
15? *sye fe J @ w k du fy G Jr sm;rsm; rwk du fvk du f&bJ atmify G J& +y D ; /
t*Fv dy fwyfjyef0if/ t*Fv dy fu o lw k@u k pdw frcsvd@ tEN, O D;o de f;azjrif
pce f;y k@xm;c H&? tJ' Duae Armjynfjye fa&mu f&i f zqyv z G@pnf;z k @uk
nef =um;cJ? jyefa&muf+y D ; +r d K @a[mif;r Sm wki f;vH;qk di f&m acgi f ;aqmif
aw Gyg0if+y D; zqyv z G@pnf;a&; tm;xkw fc Jw, f?
16? *syefawm fv Se fa&; +yD;w Jaemufppfaw G+r dK @e,fawmuH& GmrSm
v, for m ;n Dvmc H }u D; ( awmu Hn Dvmc H )u d k u G e fj r Lep fv d kvm ;w J h
v li, frsm;. }udK;yrf;r _jzif usif;yEdi fc J? n Dvmc Hr Sm & Jabm fausm fjru (1)
tcGe fawm fray;a&; (2) oD;pm;cray;a&; (3) v,fu dau;ESifro drf;a&;
(4) traw mfa =u; wd;ay;a&; pw Jtqdrsm;udwifo Gi f;c J&m n Dvmc Hwck
v H;u vufc Htwn fjyKcJw, f?
16? 1946 ckE Sp fwGi f ArmjynfuGef jrLepfygwDA[kwGi f ocifp k ;
acgi f;aqmif+y D; u Ge fjrLepfy gwD(tvHe D) tjzpfc Gx Gu f o Gm;c J? ocifp k;u k
raxmufcH/ oci foef;x Ge f;t ky fp ku kom axmu fcHcJ?
17? 1947 ckE Sp f{+yDvrSm +r dK @a[mif;+rdK @e,f tx kw fon f aus;
& Gmw Gif u Ge fjrLepfv dvm;w J v li, frsm;pkpn f;+yD; Armjynfu Ge fjrLepfy gwD
(pp faw Gc dif)u d zG@pnf;c J? pwi fx laxmi fo lrsm;wGif (1) O D;ausmfjr (2)
O D;armifw l(3) O D;p Hwif(Armtrs dK ;om;) (4) O D;omxGe f;O D; (5) O D;abmfv D
(6) a':rnGe f@ (7) OD;O D;ausmfZ H (8) O D;armifjzLoH (9) O D;p Habm fOD; (10)
OD;O D;p defausmf(11) OD;armifp de f(12) OD;iykacs (c) OD;oef;jrif(13) OD;zaxmfOD;
(c) O D;& Jx l; (14) O D;x Ge f;atmifjzL (c) OD;& Jx Ge f; w d@yg0ifw, f?
18? 1948/ rwfv 27 &u fae@uyiftpd;&u t=urf;zufvmv k@
c difaum frw Dtpnf;ta0;xdif+y D; vufeu fudifw du fy Gpwifz k@ q H; jzwfcJ?
&e fo lup+y D ; t=ur f ;zu fvm&i f t=ur f ;en f ; jzi f h w H k @ jye f&r,fq d kw J h
w&m;tay: tajcc H +y D ; qH k ; jzwf jci f ; jzp fc J hw,f?( jynfrr Sm vufeuf
u ki fw ku fy Gu krw fv 28 &u fr Smr Spwifc J)
19? 1950 ckE Sp fw Gifvky fie f;wm0efcGa0r_t& & Jabm fausm fjronf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
10/276
9
&ckif jynfe, f. jyn fe, fygwDaum frw Dtw Gif;a&;rSL;jzpfvmw, f?
19 ? 1955 c k E S p f / Arm j yn fu Ge f j r Lep f y gw D A[ k d aum f rw D
tpn f;ta0;u & Jabmfausm f jrtm; Armjynfu Gef jrLepfy gwD t&efA[k
aum frw Dtjzp fa& G;cs,fcJ? 1962 ckESp fr Sm A[kaum frw Djzpfvmc Jw, f?
20? 1975 c kE Sp farvwGif/ A[kaum frw DtzG@0ife J@ A[kaum frw D
E kifiHa&;O D;aqmiftzG@0ife J@ ppfaum fr& Si ftzG@0ifjzpfvmw, f?
21? 1979 ckE Sp faESmif;y ki f;r Sm ygwDA[ kXmecsKyfu ac:, lv ku fv k@
ygwDA[ kXmecsKyf&S&m yefqef;u krdom;pk0i ftm; vH;e J@twla&mufvmw,f?
A[ kpn f; H;a&;XmeeJ@ A[kwyfaygi f;p kXmeukwm0e fc Hy gw,f?
22? 1985 ckE Sp fr Sm Armjynfu Gef jrLepfy gwDw w d,t}u dr fjynf
v H;u|wfu Ge f*&ufr Sm A[kaum frw Dtjzp fjyefvn fta& G;c H&+y D; aemuf
A[ kaum frw DE kifiHa&;O D;aqmiftzG0iftjzp fe J@ ppfaum fr& Siftz G@0iftjzpf
vn f; jyefvn fa& G;cs,fjcif; c H&y gw,f?
23? wwd,t}udr f uGe f*&u f +yD;aemuf A[kwyfaygi f ;p kXme/
A[ k0g'jzef@cs Da&;XmeeJ@ A[kpn f;urfx de f;o dr f;a&; aumfr& Si f Ou Utjzp f
wm0e fxrf;aqmifcJ&jyefw, f?
24? Arm jyn f ta& S @a jrmufy k d i f ;e, fpy fv lr s d K ;p kaw G y ke fue f
r _jzpfvm+y D;aemufygwDA[ ku kajratmufygwDtjzp fajymif; v ku f&w Jtcg
usefacgif;aqmifaw Gen f;w lA[ kaumfrw Dem,u vl}u D;tjzpfuG, fv Gefw J
2005 {+yDvtx dwm0e f, lx rf;aqmifcJw, f?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
11/276
10
(ESpfawGvawG tcsde f =umanmif;vk d @ &moDtaygif;awG b,fvkdajymif;ygap usqHk;wJh &Jabmf taygif;awG toufaoG;awGvSLcJhoav a=omf rarhEkdifay wrf;wumae ajzrajy vGrf;ol@yef;acGvSrf;vifhumyJae ) 2
(ArmjynfESpf&Snfv&Snf c|wfcsHKusatmif ppftpkd;& zdESdyfcJhoav b,fb0 b,fcgwGif ra=u wa,mufeJ @w a,muf[m toufukdtyfum E$J&ygwJh awmfvSefa&;vrf;c&D;ay:rSmav usqHk;olawG rSef;ar#mfvkd@ae yef;acGqufvSrf;ae )2
(awmfvSefa&;vrf;c&D;uawmh r+yD;qHk;ao;wJh 'DcsdefcgrSmav wkd@&JabmfawG rSef;ar#mfcJhwJh atmifyef;ukdvnf; vSrf;umaeqJay vGrf;&pfwJh&Jabmftaygif;awG opPm"dmef +rJckdif=urav) 2
('Dae@ 'Dcsdefcgrav e,fcsJ@orm;eJ@ kyfao;kyfrsm;ukdawmh vufpm;awmfacsygrav pdwfrmefwif;ae qxuf+zdK;a0 wkdufzdk@ta&;awG
t"dmefjyKrav aoG;pnf;um &Jabmftaygif;awG owWd+zdK;a0 pcef;wav#mufrSmav &efoltaygif; acsr_ef;ypfr,fav ) 2
vGr fo lh ye fac G
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
12/276
11
&Jabmfausmfjr b0wGi f;rS"mwfyHkt,fvfbef
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
13/276
12
& Jabm fausm fjr (&cki f)
(1915-2005)
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
14/276
13
OD;ausm fjr&J@ r dci f
D;ausm fjr&J@zcif
OD ;ausm fjr&J@ t}uD;q H;tp fr OD;ausm fjr&J@ 'kw d,tp fr
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
15/276
14
OD;ausm fjr&J@wwd,tp fr
OD;ausm fjr&J@pwkw t pfr
OD;ausm fjr&J@ n DwO D;
O D;ausm fjr&J@ti,fq H;n D
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
16/276
15
&ckifv li, fEk; =um;a&;pnf; H;a&;tzG@0iftcs dK@
q&mawm fOD;OwWru k}u dKq dzk @to Gm; pp faw Gv dyfq dyfw Gifku fwm;wJyH
aemufwef;rwfwyf&yfaeolrsm;(0JrS,m) q rajrmufv li, frSm
u kausm fjrjzpfw, f? 'D&ckifv li, fEk; =um;a&;tpnf;t H;u k
1936 c krw f29 &uf/ we*FaE Gae @u pwi fz G@pnf;c Jw, f?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
17/276
16
t dEN,Eki fiHb D[m;vm;vfb H& dyfoma&mufjrefrmavxD;& Jabm frsm;
aemufwef;-(0JrS,m)/ & Jabm fa& $om/ & Jabm faz}uD;/ Akv fomx Gef;atmi f/
Akv fcsp faumi f;/ &Jabm farmi fuav; / & Jabm fapmO D; / oci fjroGi f/ Akv fpk;armi f
oci fAdv f
tv, fwef;-(0JrS,m) oci fat;ausm f(u ka& $)/ O D;O D;apm/ O D;armi fO D;ausm f/
u kausm fjr/ O D;ynmoD[/ rjr& D/ armi foef;(&Jabm fuu fO)/ A kv fbo def; (twm)/
Akv fygav;/ &Jabm farmi f=unf/
a&S @wef;-(0JrS,m)/ O D;x Gef;atmi fausm f/ y garmuQOD;ausm f&if / A kv f=umvSatmi f/
u ko def;Z H(om,m0wDoci fo def;armi f) / oci fv Su Gef;/ Akv fpHomausm f
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
18/276
17
jynfw Gi f;ppftapmy ki f;umv & Jabm fausm fjr
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
19/276
18
& Jabm fausm fjr 1998 E k0i fbmar G;ae@
& Jabm fausm fjr 1997 E k0i fbmar G;ae@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
20/276
19
& Jabm fausm fjr 1999 E k0i fbmar G;ae@
& Jabm fausm fjr 1998 E k0i fbmar G;ae@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
21/276
20
75 A[kaum frw Drsm;eJ@twl& Jabm fausm fjr
85 A[kaum frw Drsm;eJ@twl& Jabm fausm fjr
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
22/276
21
wwd,t}u drfu Ge f*&ufobmywdpi fxu frS& Jabm fausm fjr
obmywdpi fxu frSm (0 Jr S,m) & Jabm fausm fjr/ &Jabm frs dK; jrif/
& Jabm foci fazwi f/ oci fAo def;wif/ & Jabm fci farmi f}u D; / &Jabm fwif& D
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
23/276
22
obmywdpi fxu frSpn f; H;a& G;aumufa&;pep frsm;&Sif ; jyaewJ& Jabm fausm fjr
&Jabm fausm fjr/ &Jabm frs dK; jrif
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
24/276
23
&Jabm ftcs dK @eJ@twlr Ja&wGu faewJ& Jabm fausm fjr
a& S@wef;(0 JrS,m) & Jabm fpk;o drf; / &Jabm fx Gef;v Gi f/ & Jabm fausm fjr/ &Jabm fz&e f*e f'D ;
aemufwef; (0JrS,m) & Jabm fazaomi f; / &Jabm fjrrif;/ OD;aZm frki f;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
25/276
24
Ou Uoci fAo def;wifeJ @& Jabm fausm fjr
& Jabm fausm fjreJ@ & Jabm f& Jx Gef;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
26/276
25
(0 JrS,m)-O D;aZm frkif ;/ &Jabm fazaomi f; / &Jabm fausm fjr/ &Jabm fz&e f*e f'D ;/
& Jabm fpk;o de f;/
&Jabm fx Gef;v Gif
a& S@wef;(0 JrS,m)-O D;aZm frkif ; / &Jabm fausm fjr/ O D;p kif ;atmif0i f;
aemufwef;(0 Jr S,m)-& Jabm fausm faZm/ & Jabm f=uifarmi f/ &Jabm fp Ho l
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
27/276
26
& Jabm fazaomi f; /&Jabm fausm fjr/ &Jabm fausm fjrif
& Jabm fw ku fatmi feJ @
& Jabm fausm fjr
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
28/276
27
Jabm fausm fjrrdom;p k(1979 pufwifbm)
Jabm fausm fjrwk@ Ze D;armi fE S
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
29/276
28
& Jabm fausm fjrtm; om;ausm fjroef;e J@tw l
& Jabm fausm fjrtm; orD; }uD;rjr&Dw k@ZeD;armi fESeJ @tw l
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
30/276
29
&Jabm fausm fjrwk@ZeD;armi fEStm;ti,fq H;or D;wifwife J@twl
& Jabm fausm fjrwk@ZeD;armi fEStm; or D;vwfrjr=unfZeD;cifyGef ;/
orD;i,fwi fwifw k@e J@tw l
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
31/276
30
& Jabm fausm fjruG, fv Gef +y D; &ufvn fq Grf;o Gw ftr#a0a&pufcsaepO f
& Jabm fausm fjr&J@ usef&p fo lrdom;p k0i fwcs dK@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
32/276
31
&Jabmfausmfjr (&cdif).
ud, fw difa&; taw G@t}uHKrSw fwrf;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
33/276
32
( aumufEkw fazm fjyonf)
i, f& G, fpO fumv
rdrd(&Jabmfausmfjr)udk&cdkifawmifwef;a'o(,ckpepfjynfe,f) yvuf0r@YtzOD;OD;ausmfxGef; trda':pHolwdk@rS1915 Edk0ifbm 11 wGifarG;zGm;ygonf?arG;csif; 10 a,mufteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfum tjrmarG;csif;xJrSwa,mufjzpfonf? rdrdtxufwGif tpfrESpfa,muf&Sdonf? zcifrSmyvuf0r@ ta&;ydkifHk; pma&;jzpfonf? aemufydkif;wGif r@tkyfwm0efjzifh&aohawmifr@ xdkrSwzefausmufawmfr@odk@ ajymif;&onf?
rdrdi,fpOfu yvuf0r@rSmyif rlvwef;ynmoifcJhum av;wef;atmif+yD;aemufpaumvm;&SpfajzqdkatmifjrifcJhojzifh5 ESpfynmoifqk&SdcJhonf? ig;wef;rSq,fwef;txdppfawGtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGifynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1933 wGifq,fwef;udk(u)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifI &efukefwuUodkvfodk@ qufwufonf?
rdbrsm;u om;jzpfoltm; tpdk;&tr_xrf; jzpfapcsif=uonf?t+rJvnf; wdkufwGef;wwf=uonf? rdrdonf txufwef;ausmif;om;b0rSmyif terrorist movementrSpmapmifpmwrf;rsm; e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;rSxkwfa0aom bHk0g' zufqpf0g'wdk@ESifhywfoufonfhpmtkyfrsm;udkzwf_avhvmcJhonf? odk@jzifhe,fcsJ@t*Fvdyfqef@usifa&; zufqpf*syefqef@usifa&; pdwf"mwfrsm; udef;atmif;vmcJhonf? touf16 ESpft&G,frSm wuUodkvfodk@ a&mufonf? wuUodkvfodk@ a&muf+yD;aemufrdrdpdwfudkv$wfay;xm;ovdkjzpfvmonfhtavsmufausmif;pmzwf_avhvmr_tm;enf;vmonf? ausmif;wufrrSefjzpfvmonf? xdk@a=umifhOypmwef;wGifESpfESpf/ 0dZm
wef; wGifwESpfpmar;yGJuscJhonf? xdkESpfwef;pvHk;udktvGwfajzqdkum 1940
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
34/276
33
wGifbDat atmifcJhonf?
wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0 ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif wufupGm yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 1936 ausmif;om;oydwf/ 1938 ausmif;om;oydwfrsm; wGifwufwufuu yg0ifcJhonf? 1936 oydwfumvtwGif;ppfawGodk@ jyefvmum ausmif;om;or*~rsm; pnf;Hk;zGJ@pnf;um &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; ausmif;om;oydwfwdkufyGJrsm; azmfxkwfcJhonf? xdkpOfuyifv,form;or*~rsm;udkvnf; xlaxmifay;cJhonf?
1940 bDatatmif+yD;aemuf&cdfkifodk@jyefvmum ausmufjzLr@wGiftwef;q&mtjzpfESpfESpftr_xrf;cJhonf? ausmif;q&mvkyfaepOfausmif;om;rsm;udke,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; pdwf"mwfudkwwfEdkifor# oGif;ay;EdkifcJhonf?1942 ckESpfwGif*syefrsm; Armjynfodk@ 0ifvmojzifht*Fvdyftpdk;&u tr_xrf;rsm;tm; oHk;vpm vpmxkwfay;um tENd,odk@ xGufajy;oGm;onf? ,if;tcsdefrSpI ppfawGodk@jyefvmum EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wGifajcpHkypf0ifa&mufcJhonf?
u kvm;-&c dift"duk% f;
ppfjzpfonfESifhArmjynfbufrSukvm;trsdK;om;rsm; awmifukwfvrf;rSwqifhtdENd,bufodk@ jyef&ef0if=uonf? apmapmykdif;wGifukvm;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; vrf;wav#mufwGif&cdkifwdkk@u tpm;tpmrsm;jzifhulnDcJh=uonf?
odk@aomf&cdkifwGifvlrsdK;a&;pdwf"mwfjyif;xefolrsm;&Sdonf? ukvm;trsdK;om;rsm; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif&Gmrsm;wnfI vkyfudkifpm; aomufcJh=uonf? olwdk@a=umifh&cdkifrsm; pD;yGm;a&;t& epfemonf[laom rSm;,Gif;aomtawG;tac:rsm; &Sd=uonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
35/276
34
TtawG;tac:t& &cdkifwdkif;vHk;qdkif&m wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@ tqufqufacgif;aqmifrsm;u OD;aqmif+yD; ukvm;&Gmrsm;udk zcsoufjzwfr_rsm;vkyfcJh=uonf? ppfawGcdkifwGifukvm;&GmawGxGufajy;=uwm tpkvdkufowfjzwfcH&wmawG jzpfyGm;cJhonf? aemufydkif;wGif&cdkifuvnf; ukvm;udkowfukvm;uvnf; &cdkifudkowfjzpfvm+yD; ukvm;trsdK;om;rsm;&Sd&m&aohawmifbl;oD;awmif armif;awmwdk@wGif ukvm;wdk@u vufpm;acswdkufcdkufr_a=umifh&cdkiftrsdK;om; trsm;tjym; towfcHcJh=u&onf? rdrdtaeeJ@ vlrsdK;a&;ppfyGJudkqef@usifcJhonf? *syefESifhbDtdkifatwyfa&mufvmonfhtcgrSTppfyGJudk&yfpJatmifvkyfcJhonf?
xGef;a&$atmiftm; bDtdkifatu r@a[mif;r@ay:wGifvlxka&S@rSmwifvSHpGyfxdk;owfcJhonf? bl;oD;awmifarmif;awmbufodk@ ppf&yfpJa&;twGufAdkvf&efatmifu wyfwckapv$wfcJhonf? wyfrSL;wcsdK@ armif;awm&Sdukvm; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;&eftoGm; towfcH&onf? Todk@jzifhbDtdkifat yg0ifvmawmhonf? *syefwyfu bDtdkifatwyfudk jyefky fodrf;vdkufonf?
ppfawGrSaiGwdkuf bl;oD;awmifwGif zGifhvSpfxm;onf? Adkvf&efatmifu rdrdESifhndKxGef;tm; bl;oD;awmifodk@ apv$wf+yD; aiGwdkuftm;odrf;&efwm0efay;onf? xdktcsdefwGifaiGwdkufrSaiGrsm;udktr_xrf;rsm;u 6 vpmxkwf,l ae=uonf? rdrdtm;vnf; xdkodk@xkwf,l&ef wdkufwGef;=uonf?tcGifhtm%mudktoHk;cs+yD; udk,fusdK;r&SmvdkI aiGrxkwfcJhyg? bl;oD;awmifaiGwdkufrSusefaiG24 odef;tm; odrf;,lcJh+yD; Adkvf&efatmiftm; tyfcJhonf?odef;azjrifh t*FvdyfESifh qufoG,f&ef tdENd,odk@oGm;&mwGif ukvm;wefacsmif;zsm;rSoGm;a&;vma&; udpPt00udkulnDvkyfaqmifay;cJhonf?
oifcef;pmrSm vlrsdK;a&;pdwf"mwfvlrsdK;a&;ppfyGJa=umifhvltrsm;
tjym; toufqHk;H_; cJh&onf? vlrsdK;a&;t& rkef;wD;pdwfydkrsm;aponf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
36/276
35
aemufydkif;wGif &aohawmif bl;oD;awmif armif;awmwdk@wGifrl*sm[pftrnf,lum v_yf&Sm;r_w&yfay:vmonf? olwdk@u ukvm;wefjrpftaemufajrmufudkrlqvife,fajr[kowfrSwfxm;onf? rdrdwdk@u olwdk@ESifhawmifukwfwGif wdkufyGJrjzpfatmif aphpyfaqG;aEG;EdkifcJhonf? rl*sm[pftm;vHk;udkrlqvifbmoma&;q&mrsm;u axmufcHtm;ay;onf? rl*sm[pfacgif;aqmifrsm;uvnf; rlqvifqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; zdESdyf=uonf? aemufydkif;wGifrl*sm[pftzGJ@vnf; yuGJysufpD;oGm;onf?
pyg;&dwfodrf;csdefwGifrlqvifqif;&Jom; trsm;tjym; pyg;&dwfodrf;&eftpkvdkufppfawGcdkifodk@ vmavh&Sdonf? &cdkifv,form;rsm;uvnf;p&dwfpuay;um &dwfcdkif;=uonf? rdrdwdk@u xdkrlqvifqif;&Jom;rsm;.oGm;a&;vma&; tumtuG,fay;onfhtjyif&oifh&xdkufonfhtca=u;aiGudk&&Sdatmifvnf; tultnDay;=uojzifhrlqvifqif;&Jom;rsm;. pmemaxmufcHr_udk&&SdcJhonf?
*syeft ky fp d;pOfumv E Sif*syefawm fv Se fa& ;
*syefa&mufvmv#ift0wftpm;rsm; aps;aygaygESifh&rnf[kjynfolawGt=um; pdwful;,OfcJh=uonf? *syef0g'jzef@csda&;XmerSvnf; apmapmuyifa&'D,dkrSwqifhtoHv$ifhcJhonf? vufawG@rSm jynfolawGtwd'kuQa&muf=u&onf? *syefwdk@. zdESdyfr_trsdK;rsdK;udkcHpm;=u&onf? 0wfp&mt0wfr&SdI*HkeDtddwfudk0wf=u&onf? ,cifrdrdwdk@ &ufvkyfxm;onfhcsnfapmifrsm;udktuscsKyf0wf=u&onf? TtajctaeatmufrSm vlxktm; v#dK@0SufpGm *syefqef@usifa&;twGufv_H@aqmfpnf;Hk;EdkifcJhonf?
Adkvf&efatmifbDtdkifatwyfppfawGodk@a&mufvmpOfausufjzLudkodrf;&eftwGufAdkvfoufvGifqdkoltm; wm0efay;cJhonf? odk@aomfatmifjrif
r_r&Sd? odk@ESifhAdkvf&efatmifu rdrdESifhOD;pdEmtm; ausmufjzLodrf;a&; wm0ef
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
37/276
36
ay;onf? rdrdESifhtwl wdkif;&if;om;pnf;Hk;a&;(tzGJ@)0if atmifxGef;jrwfqdkolvnf;ygonf? yxr ajryHkodk@a&muf&m atmifxGef;jrwfu &Sdor# vufeufrsm;udkodrf;,l&efpDpOfonf? rdrdu r@olr@lom;awGvHk+cHKa&;twGufvufeufwcsdK@ xm;cJhr,fhta=umif; awmif;qdk&m OD;pdEmuvnf; axmufcHojzifhvufeuftcsdK@ r@olr@om;rsm;xHay;xm;&pfcJhonf?
ajryHkrSwqifhausmufjzLodk@oGm;&m ausmufjzL&Sdykvdyfwdk@u owif;&+yD; vufeufawGvmtyf=uonf? ausmufjzLr@udktvG,fwulESifhodrf;ydkufEdkifcJhonf? ausmufjzLwGiftcsdeftenf;i,fae+yD; Adkvf&efatmifudkqufoG,f&efjyefvmcJh&m Adkvf&efatmifwyfjyefqkwf&ojzifhajryHkwGifawG@onf?,if;wyfESifhtwlrdrdvnf; &efukefodk@ vdkufygoGm;onf?
&cdkifwdkif;&if;om; acgif;aqmifwcsdK@rSm *syeftkyfpdk;r_atmufwGif&mxl;&a&;twGufom vHk;yef;ae=u+yD;/ OuU ODatmifxGef;OD;rSm ppfawGcdkif0eftjzpfwm0ef,laepOft*Fvdyfav,mOfrSAHk;}uJ&mwGifxdrSefusqHk;oGm;onf?
&efukefY tcsdefwcsdK@ae+yD; &cdkifodk@jyefvmcJh+yD;aemufyvuf0r@ odrf;a&;udkpDpOfonf? e,fcHawGrSm oli,fcsif;a[mif;awGjzpfI bmrSwdkufyGJrjzpfbJodrf;,lEdkifcJhonf? *syefrsm;tkyfpdk;aepOfrdrdtaeESifhyvuf0rSmaepOfjynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ PAC wm0efcHtjzpf(r@tkyf)wm0ef,lcJhonf? ac|;wyfvkyfief;om jzpfonf?
jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ PAC OuU taejzifh(*syefacwf) rdrdvufatmufwGiftzGJ@i,fwck&Sdonf? *syefwdk@zGJ@pnf;xm;aom =umvSatmifacgif;aqmifaom wyfzGJ@wckvnf;&Sdonf? ae@pOfaexdkifpm;aomufa&; txl;cufcJonf? aemufydkif;rSqeftcsdK@udkom ydk@ay;Edkifonf? [if;rSm rdk;wGif;r#pfudk
om t"duxm; pm;ae&onf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
38/276
37
wdkif;vHk;qdkif&mtzGJ@ acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; wufvm=u+yD; yvuf0rSxGufaom ikwfoD; aq; ESrf; 0g*Grf; wdk@udkvuf0g;}uD;tkyf0,f,lum atmufydkif;wGifa&mif;pm;onfhvkyfief;jzifhcsrf;omukef=uonf?
t*FvdyfppfwyftaejzifhESpfpOfvdkvdk&cdkifudkjyefodrf;,la&;twGufukvm;wefjrpfzsm;rSwa=umif; armif;awmbl;oD;awmifrSwa=umif; 0ifwwfonf? odk@aomfratmifjrifbJjyefqkwf&onf? olwdk@qkwfonfhtcg usefonfh&duQmwcsdK@&I aumif;aumif;pm;&onf? odk@aomf igwdk@ursm;rsm;rpm;&txufazmfjyolawGu vlxkawGxHrSvuf0g;}uD;tkyf0,f,lum atmufrSmoGm;a&mif;=uonf? atmufukefqefawGudktxufodk@o,fum a&mif;=uonf/
Todk@wm0ef,laepOfODpdEmESifhtwl&efukefodk@ ukef;vrf;rSoGm;cJhonf? &efukefwGifndKxGef;tdrfY wnf;cdkonf? xdktcsdefocifpdk;ESifhqufrd+yD;*syefawmfvSefa&;twGufjyifqif&efwm0efay;vdkufonf? Todk@jzifh&efukefwGifae+yD;aemufndKxGef; ocifwifa&$ESifhol@ZeD;avmif; ndKxGef;.tdrfaxmifOD;omZHvS.tdrfaxmifwdk@ESifhjyefvmcJhonf? vrf;wGifndKxGef; ocifwifa&$wdk@u *GrSwqifhtdENd,odk@oGm;&efusefaecJhonf? ndKxGef;taejzifhtdENd,a&muf+yD;aemufav;r@acsmif;zsm;rS jyefqif;vmrnfjzpfI u&efrSmvdkufonf? &cdkifodk@jyefa&mufonfhtcg wdkif;vHk;qdkif&m acgif;aqmifwdk@tm; zufqpf*syeftm; jyefwdkuf&efem;cswD;acgufaqG;aEG;=unfh&m b,folrSvufrcH/ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifjzpfcJhonfh OD;b+idrf;vnf; vufrcHay? yvuf0jyefa&mufI xGef;0if;ESifharmifeDwdk@tm; ndKxGef;udkoGm;u&efajymaepOfndKxGef;wdk@tzGJ@ av;r@ acsmif;zsm;wGiftzrf;cH=u&onf? ndKxGef;wOD;omvGwfonf? 0g,mvufpufawGtjcm;ypPnf;awG qHk;onf? ndKxGef;tm;u,fxkwf+yD; ukvm;wefzsm;rSwqifhtdENd,odk@ jyefydk@cJhonf? tvm;wlvli,fwcsdK@udkvnf; *syefawmfvSefa&;twGuftdENd,odk@ydk@cJhonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
39/276
38
wjynfvHk;wGif*syefudkawmfvSef&ef1945 rwfv 27 udkowfrSwfa=umif; igwdk@rod/ igwdk@uawmhrdrdwdk@tpDtpOfjzifhjyifqif=uonf? t*Fvdyfppfwyfuvnf; jyef0ifvmae+yDjzpfI igwdk@ppfawGcdkifwGif*syefwdk@tm; vufeufudkifwdkufyGJudkArmjynfrxufapm+yD; 1945 Zefe0g&DvwGifpwifcJh&onf?wdkufyGJrsm;pGm rwdkufcJh&? ba&muf'g0g't& t*Fvdyfu xkwfay;aomvufeufrsm;udkjyeftyf&ojzifhrdrdwdk@taeESifhtawG;tac:rayguf=uay?t*FvdyfawGu igwdk@udkpdwfrcsI igwdk@awG(OD;ynmoD[/ OD;ausmfjr/ =umvSatmif/ armifOD;ausmf) tm; tdENd,odk@ av,mOfjzifhac:,loGm;um odef;azjrifh. a*[mwGifxm;onf? ,if;a*[mwGifArmjynfrSvli,frsm; udkvnf;awG@&onf?
zqyv z G@pnf;jcif; ppfaw Gc di fu Ge fjrLepfy gwDz G@pnf;jcif;
umvuUwm;odk@ a&muf&SdpOfyxra&mufESifhaeaom Arm&Jabmfrsm;tm; awG@&onf? olwdk@wGifrmufhpfvDeif0g'pmtkyfrsm;&Sdonf? wae@wGifolwdk@xHrSqdkAD,ufygwD&mZ0ifcsKyf(CPSU - B) udk,l+yD;zwfaepOf'DpmtkyfrsdK;udkzwf&efroifhawmfqdk+yD; jyef,loGm;onf? Todk@ppfaq;cH&r_udkpdwfem+yD; rdrdwdk@tm;xkwfay;aom vpOfoHk;aiGjzifhpmtkyfqdkifoGm;um pmtkyfrsm; 0,f,lavhvmonf? odef;az(jrifh)wdk@u ba&muf'g0g'udkvufcHxm;+yD;jzpfojzifhArmjynfjyefa&mufv#ifzqyv tzGJ@zGJ@zdk@ nef=um;vdkufonf?r=umrDrdrdwdk@ &cdkifodk@jyefcJh=uonf?
xdktcsdefu tpdk;&Hk;rSm r@ay:wGifzGifhrxm;bJaus;vuf=uufudkif;wef&GmwGifzGifhxm;onf? r@olr@om;rsm;vnf; ,if;&GmrSmyifae=uonf?rdrdwdk@=uufudkif;wef&GmwGif &uftcdsK@ae+yD;aemuf r@a[mif; (,cktac:ajrmufOD;) wGif&uftcsdK@aeum r@a[mif;r@e,fysm;wJ&Gmodk@ a&$@ajymif; =uonf? &JabmfrnGef@ (&Jabmfausmfjr. ZeD;)vnf; twlvdkufygvmonf?ysm;wJ&GmwGif&SdpOf*syefawmfvSefa&;wGifwufupGmyg0ifcJh=uaom vli,frsm;
tm; tdENd,rSppfulvmonfhwkwfwyfrsm;tm; wm0efcH+yD; ArmjynfwGif;odk@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
40/276
39
vdkufydk@aponf?Todk@avhvma&; vkyfaepOf&Jabmf*dk&S,ftdENd,rSjyefa&mufvm
onf?ysm;wJ&GmrSwzefr@a[mif;odk@a&$@onf? zqyvzGJ@&efaqG;aEG;=u
onf? wdkif;vHk;qdkif&mtoif; acgif;aqmifa[mif;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf? awmuHn Dvmc H
,if;tpnf;ta0;rS vlxknDvmcHwck usif;y&ef qHk;jzwfonf?ae&mudka&G;cs,f&m tpdk;&Hk;pdkuf&mESifh reD;ra0;wGif&SdonfhawmuH&Gmudka&G;cs,fvdkuf=uonf? uGefjrLepfvdkvm;aom vli,frsm;. u;yrf;tm;xkwfr_a=umifhr@e,fwdkif;rSvlxkrsm; r@wGif;csDwufvm=u&m ESpfaomif;cef@&Sdonf?nDvmcHwGifrdrdu tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;onf? uufpfbDtpdk;&. zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_qef@usifa&; tpDtpOfudkwifjyonf? nDvmcHwGif(1) tcGefawmfray;a&; (2) oD;pm;cray;a&; (3) v,f,mau;ESifhrodrf;a&; (4) trawmfa=u;jyefray;a&; ponfhtqdkrsm;udkrdrdudk,fwdkifwifoGif;&m nDvmcHwckvHk;uwcJeuftwnfjyK=uonf?
tzGJ@a=u;ESifhywfoufI oabmuGJvGJr_ay:cJhonf? OD;ynmoD[ESifhtcsdK@u 1daumuf&ef/ rdrdu 4Jaumuf&efjzpfonf? vlxkqENcH,la&;twGuftzGJ@0ifrsm;udk&Sif;jy&m vlxkw&yfvHk;u 4JE_ef;udkvufcHtwnfjyK=uonf?odk@aomf&aohawmifr@e,fu 4Judkqef@usif+yD; 1dE_ef; aumufwmawG@&onf?
nDvmcHrS csrSwfcJhaom txufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifuGefjrLepfygwD0ifjzpfvmaom vli,frsm;uom aqmif&Guf=uonf? wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@rSygvm=uaom acgif;aqmifrsm;u bmrSrvkyf=u?
r=umrDwGif(ae@pGJrrSwfrdawmh) r@a[mif; (0g) ajrmufOD;e,faus;&Gm
wGifuGefjrLepfvdkvm;aom vli,frsm;. tpnf;ta0;w&yfudkusif;yum
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
41/276
40
ppfawGcdkifuGefjrLepfygwDw&m;0ifzGJ@pnf;vdkuf=uonf? OD;ynmoD[uawmht}uD;tus,fqef@usifonf?
ygwDA[dkESifhtquftoG,fvHk;0r&cJh? A[dkwGifocifpdk;wdk@u *dk%f;cGJ+yD; tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD xlaxmifvdkufonf? T*dk%f;cGJa&;vkyfief;udkigwdk@qef@usifojzifhocifpdk;udkraxmufcHbJocifoef;xGef;wdk@udkaxmufcH=uonf? *dk&S,fu ola&mufoGm;v#ifjyefvnfaphpyfay;Edkifrnf[k,Hk=unfojzifhol@tm;jyefydk@ay;&efawmif;qdkojzifhol@udkawmifukwfvrf;rSwqifhydk@vdkufonf? odk@aomfol@vkyfief;ratmifjrif?
A[dk zqyvwGif "e&Sifacgif;aqmif OD;bazwdk@ v$rf;rdk;vmojzifhuGefjrLepfygwDtm; zqyvrS xkwfy,fcJhonf? xdk@twl &cdkifwGifvnf;uGefjrLepfygwDtxkwfcH&onf? &cdkifwGifyxrqHk; uGefjrLepfygwDxlaxmifcJhonfhcdkifrSm oHwGJcdkifygwDjzpfonf? &Jabmfausmf&if acgif;aqmifonf?cdkifaumfrwDtwGif; tvHeDESifh( zwfr&) cH&onf? &Jabmfausmf&ifvnf;pdwfysufum uGefjrLepfygwDrSxGufum ausmif;wuf MA bGJ@&+yD; ynma&;XmewGiftvkyfvkyfoGm;onf?
zqyvrS uGefjrKepfygwDudk xkwfy,fojzifh jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@rStcsdK@EkwfxGufum wyfeDtzGJ@ukdxlaxmifonf? usefcJhaom jynfol@&JabmfrSmvnf; t0g-tjzLqdk+yD; ESpfjcrf;uGJjyefonf?
ppfawGcdkifygwDHk;udkppfawGr@odk@a&$@ajymif;+yD; qdkif;bkwfwifcJhonf?tpdk;&tr_xrf;rsm; tdENd,rS jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmonf? ygwDtaejzifhpmtkyfqdkifzGifh+yD; rmufhpf0g'pmayrsm; xkwfa0a&mif;csa&;udk vkyfcJhonf?OD;pdEmacgif;aqmifaom RLP tzGJ@u *syefawmfvSefa&;+yD;aemuf vufeufrtyfawmcdkum &efoludkwdkufcdkufaeonf? Tykefuefr_udkESdrfeif;&ef
AdkvfcsKyfausmfaZmtm; tpdk;&u wm0efay;onf? ol@vufatmufwGifcsif;(1)
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
42/276
41
Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;(5) ESifh (3) aomif;usef;r_ESdrfeif;a&;tzGJ@ ponfhjynfaxmifpkppf&J UMP wyfzGJ@rsm;&Sdonf?
xdktwGif; ykm;u|ef;r@e,f v,form;rsm;uvnf; &Jabmfwlacgif;aqmif+yD; v_yf&Sm;ae=uonf? AdkvfausmfaZmu rdrdtm;ac:awG@onf?ykm;u|ef;r@e,frSv_yf&Sm;r_rSm uGefjrLepfygwD&Jhv_yf&Sm;r_jzpfa=umif; ajymjycJhonf? ol@rSm RLPudkESdrfeif;zdk@ ppfqifa&;tpDtpOf&Sdonf/ trSefrSm bmrSc&D;ra&mufcJh? r=umrDolvnf;rusef;rmI jyefoGm;&onf? Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;(5)wGifygonfhuGefjrLepfygwD0ifrsm;ESifhtquftoG,ft+rJ&&SdcJhonf? wyf&if;(3) a&mufvmonfhtcg Adkvf&JxGwfwdk@ vmawG@+yD; rdrdxHrSt}uH m%fawmif;cJhonf? rdrdu olwdk@ESifhrwdkufbJem;vnfr_,l&efaqG;aEG;vdkuf&m vufcH+yD; jyefoGm;=uonf?
r=umcif rdrdtzrf;cH&onf? Hk;wifppfaq;zdk@eJ@ jyefrv$wfutpmiwfcHrnf[k pmwifcJh&m ta=umif;rjyefojzifh tpmiwfcHwdkufyGJqifE$JcJhonf? tusOf;axmifxJwGif rdrdtpmiwfcH 15 &ufajrmufae@wGifcdkifaumfrwDxHrSTwdkufyGJudk&yfpJ&efqHk;jzwfcsufjzifhr&ru udk,fwdkifvm+yD;ajymvmojzifhwdkufyGJudk(tpmiwfcHwdkufyGJudk) &yfpJvdkuf&onf?
1945 aemufydkif; rdrd&efukefoGm;um ygwDA[dkESifhqufoG,fcJhonf?rdrdA[dkrSm&SdaepOfjzL;v,form;uGef*&ufusif;yonf? *dk&S,f.tpDtpOfjzifhjzL;odk@vdkufoGm;cJhonf? nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,fwOD; taejzifhwufcGifhr&cJh?*dk&S,fESifhtwl&efukefjyefvm+yD; &uftawmf=umonfhtcg ppfawGodk@ jyefvmcJhonf?
ausmufawmfr@e,f v$wfawmftrwf OD;atmifZHa0u tpdk;&wm0ef,lxm;ojzifhrdrdtm; a&G;aumufyGJwGifyg0if( zwfr&) vmonf?
rdrdygwDta&G;cH&eftrnfpm&if; wifoGif;&efygwDA[dkodk@ ta=umif;=um;&m
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
43/276
42
oabmwla=umif; jyef=um;;onf?
a&G;aumufyGJtwGufe,fvSnfhaepOf&efolu ygwD0ifrsm; v,form;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk zrf;qD;jcif;vkyfvmonf? a&G;aumufyGJwGif ryg0ifEdkifawmhbJawmcdkcJh&onf? ,if;tcsdefrSpI tdrfESifhvHk;0tqufjywfoGm;onf? aemufrnGef@ol@tpDtpOfjzifhrdrdwdk@&Sd&modk@ a&mufvmonf?
&cdkifwGifuGefjrLepfygwDwnfaqmuf&mwGiftcuftcJrsm;pGm&Sdonf? trsdK;om;a&;0g'Drsm;uvnf; zsufonf? r@ay:vlxkuawmhArmjynfuGefjrL epfygwDqdkwm ruuf/ Armaemufvdkufjzpfaeonf[kajym=uonf?awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;udkw&Gm0ifw&GmxGufpnf;Hk;I vlpkcGJumwOD;pD. pD;yGm;a&;udkppfwrf;rsm;,ljcif; ygwDay:vpDcsjyjcif;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfojzifhcdkifrmvmonf?
aemufqif;&Jom;v,form;or*~zGJ@onf? qif;&Jom;v,form;trsm;tjym; wuf=uonf? aemufydkif;wGif(ygwDay:vpDwdrf;aqmif;r_ay:aygufum) qif;&Jv,form; acgif;aqmifxm;onfqdk+yD; A[dkuzsufodrf;vdkufonf? rdrdwdk@rSm ygwDA[dkESifhtquftoG,frSefrSefr&Sd/ vrf;pOfwckrSaewckajymif;onfudkvnf; wESpfavmuf=umrSod&onf?
1955 wGift&efA[dkaumfrwDtjzpfta&G;cH&onf? 1962 wGifA[dkaumfrwDtjynfhjzpfonf? odk@aomfwcgrSA[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;odk@rwufcJh&? yefqef;a&muf+yD;rSwuf&awmhonf?
vu feu fu di fw du fyG
rwfv 27 &ufae@uyiftpdk;&u t=urf;zufvmaomtcg cdkifaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;xdkif+yD; vufeufudkifwdkufyGJpwif&efqHk;jzwfcJhonf?
&efolup+yD; t=urf;zufv#if t=urf;enf;jzifh wHk@jyef&rnf qdkonfh
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
44/276
43
w&m;tay: tajccH+yD; qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfonf? t"dutm;jzifh&Gmom;rsm;wGifumuG,fa&;twGufay;xm;onfhvufeufrsm;udkpkaqmif;um "m;jy*dk%f;awGudkESdrfeif;+yD; olwdk@xHrS&aom vufeufwdk@jzifhwyfzGJ@wckzGJ@onf?
yGJOD;xGufwdkufyGJwGifatmifyGJ&zdk@vdkonfqdk+yD; pepfwus tpDtpOfvkyfum rif;uefuif;wyfudk0ifwdkuf+yD; vufeufwcGJpm &&SdcJhonf? ppfawGcdkifwGif&cdkiftjyifcrD; r csif; 'kdif;euftp&SdonfhvlrsdK;i,frsm; &Sd=u&molwdk@yg0ifvmEdkifa&;twGufvlrsdK;pktrsdK;om;[email protected];aqmifr_atmufwGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf?
48 vufeufudkifwdkufyGJponfhtcsdefwGiftppt&m&m cufcJonf?tcGefaiGvnf; raumufao;? uGif;awmif&GmwGiftajccHcJh=uonf? pm;a&;aomufa&;twGufvlxkrsm;xHrSqefikwfqm; wdk@ tvSLcH+yD; bHk&dyfompepfjzifhpm;aomufaecJh=uonf? ppfawGcdkifwGifaus;&Gmtm;vHk; bHk&dyfompepfudkusifhoHk;onf? uGefjrLepf0g't& acgif;aqmifaemufvdkufwef;wlEdkifor#wlatmifusifhoHk;=uonf? rdk;'%fumuG,fa&;twGuf&Jabmftm;vHk;udk*HkeD&Gufjzifh jyKvkyfaom taqmif;wckpDom xkwfay;Edkifonf? zdeyfxkwfray;Edkif/ t0wfqdkv#if&Gmrsm;rS&Gm}uD;&Gmi,ftvdkufykqdk; &Syftus apmiftv_cH+yD; rJcGJum 0wfqif=u&onf? aemufydkif; oD;ESHcGefESpfwdkif;aumufonfhtcgrSrdk;um/ t0wfoifhawmfpGmay;Edkifonf? &JabmfwOD; pm;p&dwftjzpf(&duQm) oHk; usyfE_ef; wcgwav ig;usyfE_ef; xkwfay;onf? pcef;rSm aeolrsm;omv#ifbHk&dyfompepfjzifhcsufjyKwfpm;aomuf=u+yD; e,fvSnfhwm0ef,laeolrsm;uawmh&GmrSmyJawmif;pm;=uonf?
ygwDtaeESifhppfwaumif;e,f&Sd&SefvfA[meDtzGJ@ (ukvm;emrnf/raumif;qdk;0g; Edkifeif;jcif;[kt"dym,f&onf) rDZdktzGJ@/ csif;trsdK;om;tzGJ@wdk@ESifhtquftoG,f&SdcJhonf?
vufeufcJ,rf;ESifh ywfoufI yef;yJvkyfief; u|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
45/276
44
tvkyfHkwckaxmifum usnfa[mif;rsm;udk jyefvkyf,lonf? 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; (usef&pfaom ypPnf;rsm;jzifh) t*Fvdyfdkifz,f ESpfacgufcsdK;aoewfrsm;vkyfonf? yxrwGiftcsdefr&SdI wvHk;pDypfI&onf? aemufwGifatmfwdkrufwpfypfI&atmifjyKjyifEdkifcJhonf?
ppfa&;t&ajym&v#if ygwDtaeESifh &aohawmifr@udk odrf;pD;&onfhtcg xdef;xm;EdkifcJhonf? ausmufawmfudkawmh ukefoG,fa&;qdkifudk0ifodrf;EdkifcJhonf? rif;jym;rSmvnf; xdk@twlyif? ykm;u|ef;udk0ifwdkuf&mwGifvnf; aiGwdkufudkodrf;EdkifcJhonf? vufeuftcsdK@ESifharmfawmfbkwfESpfpD;udkodrf;,lEdkifcJhonf?
aq;ESifhywfoufI A[dkrSydk@aom 6 v oifwef;qif;wOD;u acgif;aqmif+yD; 3 v oifwef;ausmif;rsm;udk zGifhEdkifcJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ynmay;r_twGufESpfpOfrdrdacgif;aqmif+yD; EdkifiHa&;oifwef;rsm; ydk@cscJhonf?
ppfawGcdkifwGif&SdpOfrdrdrSm vrf;rav#mufEdkifavmufatmifcg;emAdkufatmifhwDbDa&m*g jzpfvmonf? rdrdwdk@ aq;+rD;wdkenf;jzifhyifuko+yD;aysmufuif;cJhonf? ppfawGr@ uefawmf}uD;teD; Hk;zGifhxm;aom wyf&if;rsm;twGif; vlcsif;qufoG,fum wyf&if;wckvHk;&Sdvufeufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;EdkifcJhonf?
apmapmuwnf;uyifArmjynftpm; jrefrmjynf[koHk;oifha=umif;A[dkodk@wifjycJhonf? vufrcHcJh? ArmjynfbufwGifjynfol@&JabmfESifhygwDvuf eufudkifwdkufyGJ jzpfaeonfqdkwmudk igwdk@rodcJh? jynfol@&JabmfrSma=u;eef;tquftoG,f&SdojzifhvufOD;r_,l+yD; igwdk@tm;wdkufcJhonf? ygwDa'o tm;vHk;udkodrf;rnf[kau;a=umf+yD;wdkufonf? rv$JomI igwdk@jyefwdkuf&m olwdk@ txdem+yD; qkwfoGm;&onf?
50 ckESpfwGif A[dktaemufydkif;wdkif;rSL; acgif;aqmif+yD; ( zwfr
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
46/276
45
&)t&m&Sd3 OD; wdk@ a&mufvm=uonf? olwdk@tvmwGifjynfol@&JabmfESifhppf&yfpJa&;vkyfEdkifcJhonf? olwdk@ESifh2 ESpftwGif;ppfEdkifa&;vrf;pOfygvmojzifhppfawGESifhausmufjzL 2 ckudkyl;aygif;&efrdrdpDpOfonf? Tae&mwGifausmufjzLcdkifyg0ifvm&jcif;rSm tvHeDrScGJxGuf+yD; rdrdwdk@ESifhvmaygif;I jzpfonf?olwdkk@jyefa&mufvm+yD; wm0efcGJa0r_&mxl;tqifhtwef;ay;r_wdk@udkvkyfonf?atmifausmfuwyfrSL; rdrduEdkifiHa&;rSL; &Jabmfwluwyfaygif;pk wm0efcGJ=uonf? 48 awmcdkcJh=upOfuyif r@om;awmom; jy\emay:cJhonf?r@rSa&mufvmolrsm;udkt"duzd+yD; ynmay;cJh&onf?
ygwDA[dkrS rdrdESifh&Jabmfwltm; A[dkodk@vm&efac:onf? A[dkodk@oGm;a&; udpPudk rwifjyrD &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; tjzpftysuftcsdK@udkwifjyvdkonf? ygwDwGif;rSm udk,fusdK;pGef@a&; udk,f'l;udk,fc|efa&; vlxktay:rSDcdka&; pdwf"mwfudk t+rJoGif;ay;cJhonf? bma&;tcuftcJ}uHKvmonfhtcg ygwDau'grsm;wGifawmfvSefa&;rvkyfrD pkaqmif;cJhaomvuf0wfvufpm;rsm; apwemtavsmufvSL'gef;=u&efv_H@aqmfonf? Todk@v_H@aqmf&mwGif rdrdwdk@u erlemtjzpf &Jabmf rnGef@rSm ol@vkyftm;jzifh0,f,l0wfqif yg&Sdvmaom vufaumufw&efESifhem;uwfw&efudkvSLvdkuf&m usefau'grsm;uvnf; yg0ifvSL'gef;vm=uonf?
bma&;t& wwfEdkifor# pkpnf;csKyfudkifEdkifatmifu;pm;onf?ESpfrukefrDr@e,fwdkif;rSyg0ifaom bma&;tpnf;ta0;udkusif;yavh&Sdonf? ysrf;r#0ifaiGudkcef@rSef;+yD; r@e,ftvdkuftoHk;p&dwfcdkiftoHk;p&dwfjynfe,ftoHk;p&dwfwdk@udkowfrSwfum ,if;owfrSwfcsuftwdkif; vdkufemoHk;pGJ=uonf? jynfe,ftaeESifh A[dktwGuf t+rJcsefxm;+yD;aemuf }uHKv#ifydk@ay;onf?
vkyftm;wefzdk;udk&Jabmfwdkif; em;vnfEdkifa&;twGufrdrdwdk@bmom
awmif,mckwfonf? vkyftm;vdktyfaom &Gmom;rsm;tm; ulnDonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
47/276
46
ajr,mESifhywfoufI A[dkrSay:vpDc%c% tajymif;tvJ&Sdonf?ppfawGcdkifuawmhtajymif;tvJrsm;udkaemufusrSod&onf? qif;&JtajccHtvwfr[mrdwfzGJ@ csrf;om=um;xm; ajr&SifOD;wnfwdkufqdkaom tajccHay:wGif'kdife,ftcsdK@Y ajr,ma0jcrf;a&;rsm; vkyfcJhonf? yGifhvif;pGm 0efcH&v#ifT ajr,ma0csrf;a&; vkyfief;rSm atmifjrifr_r&Sd[kqdkEdkifonf? ajr,ma0pk&aom ajr,mtvkyform;rsm;rSm (0rf;pm)pyg;r&Sdojzifhajr,mvkyfief;awGqufvufrvkyfEdkifawmhI jzpfonf? trSefrSm a0jcrf;+yD;aemufa0pk&olrsm;tm; or0g,r zGJ@ay;jcif; v,f,mvkyfEdkifatmifaiGa=u;ulnDjcif;wdk@udkrvkyfay;EdkifIjzpfonf?
ta=umif;oifhI OD;pdEmacgif;aqmifaom &cdkifvGwfajrmufa&;ygwDRLP ta=umif;vnf; tenf;i,fazmfjyvkdonf? yxrydkif;wGifausmfZH&$D;acgif;aqmifI uGefjrLepfvli,ftzGJ@ trnfjzifh cGJxGufoGm;onf? tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwDESifhaygif;um &cdkifjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[kxlaxmifonf? oabmw&m; ay:vpDwdk@rSm ocifpdk;oabmw&m; twdkif;yifjzpfonf?
r=umrD RLP rSAHkaygufomausmfu ( zwfr&)ygwDtrnfjzifhcGJxGufoGm;onf? =um=um&yfwnfraeEdkifbJ&efol@xHvufeufcsoGm;onf?RLP ESifhtvHeDwdk@u v,form;rsm;tm; tpdk;&udkpyg;vHk;0ra&mif;&[kydwfxm;onf? pyg;a&mif;&efoGm;onfhavSorefrsm;udk zsufqD;ypfonf?tpOftvmt& v,form;rsm;rSm rdrdwdk@xkwfvkyf&&Sdaom pyg;rsm;teufrS0rf;pm udkcsefxm;I usefpyg;udkvkdtyfaomypPnf;rsm; 0,f,l&efa&mif;avh&Sdonf?
Tjy\emESifhywfoufI OD;pdEmESifhrdrdwdk@ vlxktpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfY qHkrd=u+yD; ygwDu v,form;rsm; 0rf;pmvHkavmufatmifxm;+yD;
ydkv#HrSoifhawmfaomta&twGufudka&mif;cGifhay;&efwifjy&m v,form;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
48/276
47
xkw&yfvHk;rS wcJeufaxmufcHI OD;pdEmuyg oabmwlvmonf? Ttcsufu ay:vpDw&yfudkvlxkb0ESifhtnDem;vnfatmif&Sif;jyv_H@aqmfEdkifv#ifatmifjrifEdkifonfudkazmfjyonf?
ygupPwefuGefjrLepfygwDESifhtquftoG,f&onf? olwdk@ vufeufudkifwdkufrnfqdku wyfpkwpkpm (vufeuf)xkwfay;&efurf;vSrf;cJhonf? odk@aomfolwdk@u t0grDvdcftzGJ@tay: vHk;0yHkxm;+yD; ( zwfr&) aemufqHk;olwdk@b0 Zmwfodrf;cJh&onf? tif'dkeD;&Sm;rSmvnf; tvm;wljzpf&yfrsdK;&SdcJhonf? igwdk@ Tjzpf&yfrsm;rSoifcef;pmxkwfzdk@ ta&;}uD;onf?
RLP rS&Jabmfrsm; ul;ajymif;rvmrDausmufjzLcdkifygwDxlaxmifEdkifa&;twGufwyfpktcsdK@ ydk@ay;cJhonf? acgif;aqmifrsm; nHhzsif;r_a=umifhbmrSt&mrxifcJh? ppfawGcdkifwGif9 r@e,f&Sd&m armif;awmr@e,frSty usefaomr@e,frsm;wGifygwDudkxlaxmifEdkifcJhonf? ausmufjzLcdkifwGif5 r@e,f&Sd&mtrf;r@e,fESifhajryHkr@e,fwdk@wGifygwDudkxlaxmifEdkifcJhonf? ppfawGr@ay:&Sdtr_xrf;or*~ESifh qufpyfr_&Sd&m ykvdyfrsm;ESifhpma&;pmcsDwcsdK@ awmcdk+yD;ygwDESifhyl;aygif;cJh=uonf?
UMP wyf&if; 2 &if;&Sd&m w&if;u jynfol@&Jabmfrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;oGm;onf? aemufw&if;u wyf&if;rSL;wOD;rSvGJI useftm;vHk; ygwDESifhyl;aygif;cJh=uonf? TtzGJ@tm;vHk; pcef;vdkufygvmEdkifatmifrxdef;xm;EdkifcJh? ESpfzufpvHk;Y csdK@,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm &SdcJhonf?
wyfaygif;pkESifhywfoufI yxrwGif ygwDRLP tvHeDwdk@ yg0ifaomwyfaygif;pk/ aemufwGifjynfol@&Jabmfyg0ifvmonfh4 ygwDwyfaygif;pkudkzGJ@EdkifcJhonf? odk@aomfvkyfief;r,fr,f&& bmrSrvkyfEdkif/ e,fajrjy\emtjiif;yGm;wmyJajz&Sif;ae&onf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
49/276
48
ygwDA[kdaumfrwDu vufeufudkifwdkufyGJqHk;jzwfum yJcl;dk;rrSmtajccHonf? &efol@wyfwGif;&SdygwD0ifrsm;ESifhtwlwyf&if;tcsdK@ awmcdkvmonf? AdkvfausmfaZm vdkufrvmcJh? awmcdkvmaomwyfrsm; awmfvSefaomArmhwyfr awmf RBA trnfjzifhjynfr@wGiftajccHonf? aemufydkif; RBAESifhygwDwyfaygif;pkzGJ@pnf;vdkufonf? awmcdkvmaom wyfrsm;udkygwD.jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfESifhaygif;pnf;um wyftrnfudkjynfol@wyfrawmf[ktrnfay;vdkufonf? ygwDA[dku a'oESifhwyfrS&JabmftcsdK@udkynmoif&efwkwfjynfodk@ ydk@cJhonf? &cdkifudkta=umif;=um;jcif; r&SdI rodcJh?
A[ do d@o Gm;jcif;
rdrdwdk@tm; A[dkrSac:xm;onfhtwdkif; A[dkodk@oGm;=uonf? rdrdrSmausmufjzLcdkifodk@ a&muf&SdaeI apmapmoGm;Edkifonf? &JabmfwlrSm ppfawGcdkifwGif&SdaeI aemufrSvdkufvmEdkifonf? rif;bl;cdkifodk@ a&mufaomtcgrif;bl;cdkiftajctae aumif;aeonfhumvjzpf&m rdrdwdk@tm; txl;jyKpk{nfhcH=uonf? rif;bl;cdkifrSA[dkpcef;&Sd&modk@oGm;&m tptqHk; ajcv#ifroGm;&bJvSnf;jzifhom oGm;&onf? Armjynfbuf&Sdau'gawGrSm c&D;xGufv#ifTodk@ vSnf;eJ@yJoGm;ae=uonfudkawG@&ItHh=ordonf?
ESpfESpftwGif;ppfEdkifa&;vrf;pOfudkudkifpGJ+yD; A[dkodk@oGm;cJh&m A[dkodk@a&mufonfhtcg vrf;pOfajymif;vdkuf+yDqdkwmawG@&onf? vrf;pOfopfrSmPCG (+idrf;csrf;a&; nGef@aygif;tpdk;& xlaxmifa&;vrf;pOf) jzpfonf? Tvrf;pOfudkcsjcif;rSm wkwfjynfwGif*syef0ifpOfu usifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudkw&m;ao ul;csjcif;jzpfonf? wkwfjzLKMT tuif;tusefrsm; ArmjynfwGif;odk@ 0ifvmonfudk ta=umif;jyum tar&duefawG0ifvm+yDtar&duefqef@usifa&;twGufnDnGwfzdk@vdkonfhtcsufudkta=umif;jyonf?e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; twGufajr&Sifrsm;udkyg odrf;oGif;&rnfjzpfI olwdk@xHrSodrf;xm;aomajrrsm;udkjyefay;&efESifhoD;pm;cay;&efwdk@ yg&Sdonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
50/276
49
A[dkodk@a&muf+yD; r=umrDrdrdwdk@. tajctaeudkwifjytpD&ifcHonf?53 ckESpfoHk;ygwDnDnGwfa&; tpnf;ta0;wuf&efA[dkacgif;aqmiftrsm;pkESifhc&D;xGuf&onf? tpnf;ta0;usif;yonfhae&mrSm jynfol@&JabmfXmecsKyf&Sd&m txufArmjynfr@e,fwGifjzpfonf? ajrmufydkif;ppfXmecsKyfodk@ a&mufaomtcg &JabmfrnGef@ aq;ukor_cH&efusefcJhonf? rdrdudka; udk&JxGwfwdk@oHk;OD; a&S@ajy;tjzpf yxroGm;&+yD;aemufrS A[dkacgif;aqmifrsm; vdkufvm=uonf?
tpnf;ta0;vkyfonfh tawmtwGif; rdrdrSm wdkufzGdKufa&m*gjzpfaeI tpnf;ta0;udkw&ufrSrwufEdkifcJhyg? TwGif&Jabmfwlvnf;a&mufvmonf? rnGef@vnf; rdrda&m*gjzpfaea=umif;=um;I &Jabmfwlwdk@tzGJ@ESifhtwl vdkufygvmcJhonf? od&oavmuftpnf;ta0;wGif ygwDrS+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh nGef@aygif;tpdk;& PCG vrf;pOfudkwifjyonf? tvHeDESifhqifwlI &Jabmfwdk@u qef@usif=uonf? aemufqHk;wGif +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhnDnGwfa&;vrf;pOfqdkwmudkcsrSwfvdkufonf? Tvrf;pOfudkrnfonfhygwDrSvdkufemaqmif&Gufr_r&SdcJh?
oHk;ygwDtpnf;ta0; t+yD;wGifocifoef;rif( zwfr&)tzGJ@udkvrf;pOfqdkif&mESifhywfoufI wkwfjynfygwDqdkAD,ufygwDwdk@ESifhndE_dif; aqG;aEG;&efv$wfonf[k=um;&onf? rdrdtaeESifhTudpPudkvHk;0oabmrwl/ygwDA[dktaeESifhrdrdwdk@bmom rmufhpfvDeif0g' tajccHrlrsm;udktajcjyKIrdrdwdk@wdkif;jynftajctaeESifh vdkufavsmnDpGm vrf;pOfcsrSwfoifhonf[kcH,lonf?
,if;rStjyefwGifrif;bl;cdkiftajctaeqdk;ae+yD; {nfhonfrsm;udkyifvufcHjyKpkEdkifaom tajctae r&Sdawmh? ygwDA[kdtaeESifh&cdkifjynfe,fwGift}uHay;a&S@aqmif&efocifwifjrtm; xnfhay;vdkufonf? rif;bl;cdkifrS
&Jabmfwlwdk@tzGJ@ yxrxGuf+yD; ra&S;raESmif; rdrdwdk@xGufvm=uonf? &cdkifodk@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
51/276
50
jyefa&mufaomtcg jynfe,fHk;udkppfawGcdkifY zGifhvSpf&efqHk;jzwf+yD; ppfawGcdkifodk@ vmcJh=uonf?
ocifwifjrrSm A[dkrSv$wfvdkufaom wm0efcHqdk+yD; tay:pD; qufqHonf? &cdkifjynfe,fwGif jzpfcJhaomjy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;onfh tpnf;ta0;wGifrdrdaum &Jabmfwlyg yg0ifaqG;aEG;cGifhr&bJoluyJvuf0g;}uD;tkyfaqG;aEG;oGm; onf? oHk;ygwDaqG;aEG;yGJtjyefwGif PCG vrf;pOft&qdkumajrmufydkif;wdkif; wGiftdk;pnfAHkabmif;wD;um v,form;rsm;tm; ajr&Sifrsm;xHoD;pm;cjyefay;a&; vkyfonfudkawG@&&m txl;pdwfraumif; jzpfcJhonf?&cdkifwGifajr&Sifudk,fpm;vS,fwcsdK@ oD;pm;cjyef&a&; awmif;qdkvm&m rdrdwdk@uvufrcHbJy,fcs cJhonf?
rdrdwm0efESifhc&D;xGufaepOfocifwifjrOD;pD;+yD; vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyfum &cdkiforRwEdkifiHxlaxmifa&; a=unmcsufwapmifxkwfonf? vlrsdK;pktrsdK;om;rsm;tm;vnf; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'o owfrSwfay;cJhonf? &cdkiforRwEdkifiHxlaxmifa&; a=unmcsuf ppfawGodk@a&mufoGm;&m r@olr@om;rsm;u ygwDrSxkwfwm r[kwfEdkif[k ajym=ua=umif;od&onf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;rsm;rSm trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"mwf &Sdapumrl oD;jcm;orRwEdkifiHxlaxmifa&;udk rvdkvm;/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfonfhjynfe,f (Armjynf.tpdwftydkif;) tjzpfudkom vkdvm;=uonf? wyfaygif;pktpnf;ta0; vkyfv#ifocifwifjronf bmrSaqG;aEG;r_ rvkyfbJ tjiif;yGm;aeaom aiGtcsdK@jyefay;wmomvkyfonf? &Jabmfrsm; txl; rausreyfjzpf=uonf?
aemufydkif;wGifjynfe,fHk;udkausmufjzLcdkifodk@ ajymif;vdkuf=uonf?1953 ckESpfavmufwGif&JabmfwifxGef; &Jabmfcspf&Jabmf*dk&S,fudk&JxGwfwdk@acgif;aqmifaom A[dkcGJwck ausmufjzLcdkifodk@ vma&mufcdkv_H=uonf?vwcsdK@ ae+yD;aemufrif;bl;cdkifbufodk@ jyefoGm;=uonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
52/276
51
olwdk@&SdaepOftwGif; ESpfcdkifaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;y=uonf? xdk@tjyif&Jabmfcspf&Jabmf*dk&S,fwdk@ v_H@aqmfcsuft& ajr&Sifqef@usifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_wckvkyfcJhonf? ajr&Sifrsm;. ydkv#Haompyg;udkodrf;,l+yD; qif;&Jom;rsm;tm;a0jcrf;ay;cJhonf? ajr&Sifydkifu|JEGm;rsm;udkvnf; odrf;,lcJh=uonf? qif;&Jv,form;rsm; tHkuwufu=uonf? odk@aomfausmufjzLcdkifacgif;aqmifrsm;u pdwf0ifpm;r_r&Sd=u? &JabmfwifxGef;uvnf; Tv_yf&Sm;r_vkyf&eftcsdefr&ifhrmao;[k,lqyHk&onf?
55 vrf;pOf
olwdk@jyefoGm;+yD;aemuf ocifwifjr oHwGJcdkifodk@oGm;onf? xdktwGif; 1955 wGifA[kdaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;ESifhA[dkor*~jynfvHk;qdkif&mtr_aqmif tpnf;ta0;udk usif;yonf? ocifwifjru oHwGJcdkifrSyifjrpf0u|ef;ay:rSwqifh tpnf;ta0;wuf&ef oGm;onf? &Jabmfwlvnf;A[dkor*~tpnf;ta0; oGm;wufonf?
55 A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rSightm; t&HA[kdaumfrwDtzGJ@0iftjzpfa&G;cs,fonf? Ttpnf;ta0;rSjynfwGif;ppf&yfa&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; vrf;pOf (55 vrf;pOf[kemrnf}uD;) udkcsrSwfonf? tpnf;ta0;rSjyefvmaomf ocifwifjru vrf;pOfudkcsjyonf? &Jabmftrsm;pkub0ifrus=u? odk@aomfA[dkudkemcHpdwf"mwfjzifhvufcH=uonf?
Tvrf;pOf.tcsKyfrSm &efoludkxdk;ppft& zdwdkufEdkifu ppf&yfpJa&;twGufaqG;aEG;yGJac:vdrfhr,f? vufeufrsm;udktyfoifhutyf&r,fqdkonfhtcsufrsm; yg&Sdonf? Tvrf;pOfa=umifhtu,fI +idrf;csrf;a&;&v#ifaiG&Sdzdk@vdkonfqdkonfh pD;yGm;a&;tawG;tac: t_yftaxG;0ifvmonf? rdrdwdk@wyfcGJrSL;wcsdK@ pD;yGm;&Smr_vkyfvm=uonf? wyfom;wcsdK@rSmvnf; +idrf;csrf;a&;twGufbmvdk@ppfwdkuf+yD; taocHzdk@vdkrvJqdkonfhpdwfawGay:aygufvm+yD;
wyfrSxGufoGm;=uonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
53/276
52
55 vrf;pOfus+yD;aemufwyfrSL;wcsdK@ pD;yGm;a&;tjrif0ifvma=umif;txufrSm azmfjycJhonf? ppfawGcdkifwGifcGJrSL;atmifausmfaZmESifharmifxGef;pdefwdk@onfaemufygwyftcsdK@ESifhvufeufcsoGm;=uonf? wyfom;wOD;pDt wGufqkay;aiGudkcGJrSL;wdk@u tydkifpD;oGm;=uonf? vufeufcsvmolrsm;udkr@olr@om;rsm;u _H@cs=uonf? olwdk@aemufygoGm;onfh wyfom;wcsKd@ygwDodk@ jyefa&mufvm=uonf?
1956 o=uFeftusae@wGifrdrdtaeESifhoHwGJcdkifodk@ c&D;xGufoGm;&onf? aeyljyif;vSI ae@vnfqdkv#ifroGm;Edkif/ reufapmapm c&D;pxGuf+yD;pm;csdefqdk&yfem;/ naeapmif;wGifwzefc&D;xGuf&onf? jynfol@&Jabmfe,ftvHeDe,fwdk@udkjzwf+yD; oHwGJcdkifygwD&Sd&modk@ a&mufoGm;onf? oHwGJcdkifwGiftajctae raumif;ay? cdkifaumfrwDtwGif; nDnGwfr_r&Sd=u? cdkifacgif;aqmifpdefausmfrSm ajr&Sifudk,fpm;vS,fvdkjzpfaeonf? tpnf;ta0;vkyf+yD; a0zefa&;ay;&m auseyfavmufatmif0efcHjcif;r&SdI ol@tm; ygwD0iftjzpfrSEkwfxGufapcJhonf?
xdktawmtwGif; A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; wuf&ef zdwfac:ojzifhA[dkodk@c&D;xGuf&onf? 57 A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; jzpfonf? jrpf0u|ef;ay:wdkif;rSwqifh&efukefrEWav;wdk@udkjzwfum tpnf; ta0;vkyfrnfha&$bkdcdkifodk@ oGm;&onf? &efukefodk@a&mufpOfA[dkacgif;aqmifrsm; t&efrsm;a&muf&Sdaea=umif; =um;cJh&onf? tajctaeraumif;[k jrifrdonf?&efukefwGifaq;ppfcJh&m tqkwfESifhywfoufI oHo,&Sdonf? "mwfrSefdkufzdk@nef=um;apumrl rdkufjzpfcJh? a&$bdkcdkif tpnf;ta0; vkyfrnfh e&modk@a&mufoGm;&m yDbD(aygvpfAsLdk)tpnf;ta0; xdkifaeI apmifhae&onf?TtwGif; xdk;ppf0ifvmI qkwfcJh=u&m rdrdwa,mufwnf; vlpkuGJoGm;onf? aemufae@rSygwD&Jabmfrsm;ESifhjyefqufrdonf? yDbDrsm;rSm jynfol@
&Jabmf. tultnDjzifhrdk;ukwfbufodk@ qkwfoGm;=uonf? rdk;ukwfwGifolwdk@
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
54/276
53
csrSwfcJhaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufI bmrSrod&?
TtwGif; &cdkifwGifvufeufESifh'Drdkua&pDvJa&; ay:vpDt& vufeufcszdk@ pDpOfaea=umif; =um;&I &cdkifodk@ tjrefjyefvmcJh&onf? tjyefwGifjynfol@&JabmfXmecsKyfrSwqifh*ef@a*gr@odk@vnf;aumif;/ ,if;rS&xm;jzifhrEWav;/ oabFmjzifhyk*HoGm;/ yk*HrS{&m0wDjrpfudkul;+yD; ajrmufydkif;XmecsKyf&Jabmfrsm;xHa&mufonf? ae&mwGifAdkvfpdefwif&JabmfausmfxGef; wdk@tm;awG@onf? olwdk@ESpfOD;pvHk;rSm pdwf"mwfusaeyHk&onf? rSwqifhrif;bl;cdkifodk@oGm;&m rif;bl;cdkifwGif AdkvfwifatmifvmuaewmawG@&onf?olwdk@ESifhtwldk;udkausmf+yD; &cdkifodk@ jyefcJh=uonf?
ausmufjzLcdkif'vufacsmif;zsm;wGif&JabmfrnGef@ apmifhuaewmawG@&onf? olu yxrwGifppfawGcdkifausmufjzLcdkifaumfrwDrsm;&J@ vufeufcsa&;udkqef@usifwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf? igeJ@awG@pOfpdwfajymif;aewm awG@&IaqG;aEG;+yD;rSrlv&yfwnfcsuftwdkif; &yfwnfvmonf?
ausmufjzLcdkifHk;odk@ a&mufaomtcg r@e,fwyfrSL;atmifausmfudkrawG@&/ olu jynfol@&Jabmfrsm;&Sd&m trf;r@odk@ a&mufoGm;+yDjzpfonf? cdkifESpfckrS(usef&Sdaom)acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;&m olwdk@. vufeufcsa&;t}uHtpnfudkrpGef@EdkifonfudkawG@&onf? vufeufcsa&;vrf;udkrpGef@ojzifholwdk@ tm; ygwDrSxkwfy,fvdkufa=umif; a=unmvdkuf&onf? A[dkuvnf;AdkvfpdefwifAdkvfwifatmif wdk@tm; tultnDay;&efv$wfvdkufI a&mufvm=uonf?
wyfrS&Jabmfrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;&m wyfpdwffwpdwfcef@ ygwDESifhtwl&yfwnfoGm;&ef*wdjyK=uonf? jynfol@&Jabmfrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;&eftrf;odk@oGm;cJhonf? olwdk@tm; aqG;aEG;&mwGifratmifjrif? ,if;rSwzefOD;pdEmudk
aqG;aEG;&efoGm;&m rif;jym;wGifvufeufcsoGm;+yD[kod&I jyefvmcJh&onf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
55/276
54
usefwJh&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwlppfawGcdkifodk@jyeftvm armif;awm r@a[mif; ykmu|ef; &aohawmifbl;oD;awmifr@e,frsm;rS&Jabmfrsm; cdkifacgif;aqmifrsm;u vufeufcsa&;udk vufrcHbJ ygwDESifhtwl qufvuf&yfwnf=uonf? usefwJhau'gawGESifhtwlppfawGcdkifodk@ jyefvmcJh=uonf?
r=umrDocifwifjru A[dkvuf0JusaeonfA[dkodk@oGm;+yD; aqG;aEG;rnfqdk+yD; Oya'wGif;vrf;rSA[kdodk@oGm;onf? ol@ZeD;ESifhcav; 3 a,mufudkaemufrSydk@ay;vdkufonf? r=umrD wifjrtm; bcufESifhtwl &efukefwGifwm0ef ay;a=umif; od&onf? &efoluzrf;rd&m ygwDudkpGef@cGma=umif;a=unm+yD; ae0if;xHtoem;cHpmwif&m axmifrSvGwfvmonf? wifjrrSm+cHckefwwfoljzpfonf? yxr ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtuGJwGiftvHeDygwDodk@ul;ajymif; oGm;onf? axmifuspOfom,m0wDaxmiftwGif; ygwDodk@wzeful;ajymif; vmjyefonf? ygwDwGif A[dkaumfrwDtzGJ@0if jzpfvmcJhonf?aemufqHk;wGifygwDudktykyfcsykwfcwfum &efolxHtnHhcHoGm;oljzpfonf?
63 aphpy faq G;aEG;y G
&cdkifvli,ftcsdK@ xdkif;e,fpyfwGif KNU rS wyfqifay;aomvufeufrsm;ESifhtwl a&mufvm+yD; &cdkifwyfrawmfudk zGJ@pnf;=uonf?olwdk@ESifh ydyuQrjzpfa&;twGuf oGm;aqG;aEG;cJh&onf? r=umcifyJ olwdk@vufeufcsoGm; cJh=uonf?
OD;pdEmwdk@ vufeufcsoGm;+yD;aemuftcsdK@tpdwftydkif; jyefawmcdk+yD;(&rv)trnfjzifhtzGJ@xlaxmifonf? &cdkifwGif CPB/ &cdkifuGefjrLepfygwD(tvHeD) ESifh&rv wdk@omusefawmhonf? &cdkifuGefjrLepfESifh&rvwdk@rSm &efoludkwdkufcdkufr_r&Sd? odk@ESifh&efolu rdrdwdk@ygwDudkom rJ+yD;wdkufcdkufvmawmhonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
56/276
55
TtcsdefwGifrDZDktzGJ@ESifh&cdkifcrm (ac:) oufygwD(pifwDA[meDtzGJ@)rsm;rSudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&mufvm=uonf? rDZdktzGJ@rSdkifz,fwpdwfpmESifh35 avmifcsmwvufvufaqmifay;onf?
&Srf;jynfe,fwGif&Srf;trsdK;om; vufeufudkifykefuefa=umif; owif;a&'D,dkrS=um;&onf? A[kdrSbmrSta=umif;r=um;rDjynfe,ftaejzifholwdk@udkaxmufcHa=umif; a=unmcsufwapmif xkwfcJhonf? A[dkuvnf;axmufcHonf[kod&onf? ppftpdk;&a&'D,dkrSvnf; &Srf;qdk;rsm;[lI toHv$ifhwmudk=um;&jyefonf?
62 ckESpfwGifA[dktpnf;ta0; usif;y&m zdwfpmr&I roGm;EdkifcJh?rdrdtm; A[dkaumfrwDtjynfhtjzpfjrifhwifa=umif; od&onf? 62 A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onfESpfcGoabmawGygaeonf? Oyrmz,f'&,f[lonfvlrsdK;a&;jy\em ajz&Sif;a&;twGufjzpfonf? odk@aomfz,f'&,fudpPudk axmufvJraxmufcH uef@vJruef@uGuf&[k qHk;jzwfxm;onf? vufeufudkifwdkufyGJESifhywfoufI t"dur[kwf tajccHjzpfonf[kvnf; qdkxm;onf?
TwGif=um;jzwf+yD; jzpf&yfwckudkwifjyvdkonf? &JabmfrnGef@rSmEdkifiHa&;t& pdwf"mwfusvmonf? A[dkacgif;aqmifrsm;. tdrfaxmifonfrsm; Oya'wGif;odk@0ifoGm;ovdkolvnf;jyefoGm;vdkonf[kylqmvmonf?TudpPESifhywfoufI c%c%pum;rsm;&onf? aemufwGifcav;wa,mufarG;pm;csifonf[kajymvmonf? cav;&Sdv#ifpdwf+idrfoGm;rnf[k,lqItjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhndE_dif;+yD; oabmwlnDcsufay;vdkufonfhtwdkif;0g;aumuf&GmrSOD;zdk;rGef.orD; (8)vudkaumuf,larG;pm;vdkufonf? trnf&if; rcifnGef@/ igwdk@u rpHEk[ktrnfay;&m aemufwGifpHpH(prf;prf;) [ktrsm; uac:=uonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
57/276
56
62 ckESpfwGifocifpdk;acgif;aqmifaom tvHeDXmecsKyfppfawGcdkifodk@vma&mufcdkv_Honf? vkdtyfaom tultnDay;&efA[kdrSpma&;ay;vdkufI&duQmrStp tppt&m&m tultnDay;cJhonf? ocifcspfESifhAdkvfoufxGef;wdk@vnf; tvHeD&Sd&modk@ a&mufvm=uonf? tvHeDtm; &duQmawGulnDcJh&onfhtjyifaiGvnf;awmif;ojzifhaiGig;axmifxkwfay;&ao;onf?
rqv tpdk;&u aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; ac:vmonf? ygwDrS&JabmfaX;acgif;aqmifwJhukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ apv$wfonf? ocifcspfuvnf; oloGm;zdk@vdkonfqdkI ppfawGrSwqifhydk@vdkuf&onf? tvHeDuawmh&JeDausmf0if; raiGpHwdk@tm; y%mraqG;aEG;&efv$wfvdkufonf? olwdk@jyefvmonfhtcg ocifpdk;udk,fwdkifacgif;aqmif+yD; aqG;aEG;&efoGm;onf?
63 aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfaepOfaqG;aEG;yGJ+yD;u A[dktpnf;ta0;yGJvkyfrnfqdk+yD; ac:ojzifhrdrdppfawGrS&efukefjyef+yD; A[dk&Sd&modk@ oGm;cJhonf? &efukefwGifnDti,fqHk;ESifhol@&J@om;uav;udkc%awG@cJh&onf? &efukefrSaeI weoFm&Dwdkif;rSA[dkaumfrwD&JabmfxGef;pdefESifhtwljynfr@odk@vmI aygufacgif;r@e,ftwGif; A[dkpcef;odk@ oGm;=uonf?
A[dkpcef;wGifacgif;aqmifydkif;rSocifoef;xGef; *dk&S,focifykudkazwifhwdk@udkawG@&onf? ocifoef;xGef;ESifh*dk&S,fwdk@rSm wOD;ESifhwOD; pum;yifrajym=u/? *kd&S,fu &efolESifhawG@a&;udkqef@usifonf? aemufydkif; (zwfr&) &efolESifhaphpyfa&;udkvufcHvdkuf+yD[kajymvmonf?
r=umrDocifAodef;wif &[wf,mOfjzifh a&mufvmonf? A[dkaumfrwDawGaqG;aEG;yGJvkyf=uonf? AdkvfoufxGef;vnf; a&mufvmonf?ocifoef;xGef;u oufxGef;tm; OD;pm;ay;vGef;onf? aqG;aEG;yGJ tajctaeraumif; ysufawmhrnf[ka=u;eef;&&m ocifAodef;wifESifh*dk&S,fwdk@uae0if;xHoludk,fwdkifvmaqG;aEG;rnf[ka=u;eef;ydk@&efpDpOf&m &Sdaeaom
A[dkaumfrwDtm;vHk;u vufrcH=u?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
58/276
57
aqG;aEG;yGJwGif&efolu ygwDonfwae&mwGifpkae&rnf? pnf;Hk;a&;rvkyf& &efyHkaiGraumuf&[krjzpfEdkifonfudkawmif;qdkI ysufoGm;onf?,if;tcsdefwGif &Sdaeaom A[dkaumfrwDrsm; yg0ifwJh aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfonf?tpnf;ta0;rS vlpkcGJ&efqHk;jzwfonf? ocifAodef;wif wkwfjynfjyef&efqHk;jzwfonf? rdrd udkrsdK;jrifh udkwkwf udkxGef;armifwdk@ awmvrf;rSjyef&efxGufvm=u&m A[dku &efolrSydk@ay;rnfqdkojzifhjynfr@odk@oGm;=uonf?udkxGef;armifuawmhawmvrf;rS jyefoGm;onf? jynfrSwqifh &efukefodk@ydk@onf? &efukefwGifocifAodef;wifESifhwnawG@&onf? aemufwae@wGifppfawGodk@ydk@ay;onf?
ppfawGa&mufawmhtdrfrSm c%0ifcGifh&onf? &efolu vdk&mc&D;odk@a&mufatmifydk@onf? av;&uft=umwGifppfa&;xdk;ppfvkyfrnf[kajymonf?ppfawGwGif trdtbnDi,fwdk@ESifh awG@cJh&onf? taruawmh olwdk@udkbmrSvkyfrau|;Edkif qdk+yD;idkawmhonf? iguawmh vkyfrau|;EdkifwmawmhrSefonf? 'gayrJhtckvkyfaewm[m trdtbtygt0ifwjynfvHk; vGwfajrmufa&; twGuf vkyfaewmjzpfI *k%f,lyg[kajym+yD; aiG 300 usyf(ygwD&J@cGifhjyKcsuft&) uefawmhcJhonf?
aemufwae@wGif0g;awmifodk@ ydk@ay;onf? 0g;awmifrSxGufvm&mtxufynm&mwGif(?) &JabmfOD;ausmfZHwdk@ wyfpcef;wckESifh awG@&mtajctaeudk &Sif;jy+yD; vlpkcGJ&efrSmcJhonf? c&D;qufxGufvm&m &JabmfrnGef@wdk@ESifhawG@+yD; ae&ma&$@ajymif;=uonf?
55 A[kdaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; aemufydkif;wGif&efoluxdk;ppfwck(atmifrmC)vkyfvmI udkwifat;acgif;aqmifaom tcsufjy qufoG,fa&;XmerStzGJ@wzGJ@ ausmufjzLcdkifodk@ 0ifa&mufcdkv_Hvmonf? olwdk@uolwdk@[m &cdkifjynfe,f. tkyfcsKyfr_udk cH,lonfh tzGJ@r[kkwf/ A[dkau'g
awGjzpfonf[kqdkonf? olwkd@. toHk;p&dwfukdoD;jcm;xm;&onf? 64 wGifrS
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
59/276
58
&cdkifjynfe,f. tkyfcsKyfr_udk cH,lvmonf? TtzGJ@rSm a=u;eef;ydk@HkzwfHkoufoufyJwwfonf? pufcsdK@,Gif;aomfvnf; rjyifwwf=uyg?
AdkvfoufxGef;rSm ppfom;rme}uD;oljzpfonf? wyfudkudkif+yD; &JabmfxGef;armifudk oydwfarSmufum zdk;acgifawmifwef;wGif tajccHaeonf?armfpDwkef;u usifuef;awmifwef;udktajccHovdkzdk;acgifawmiftajccHpcef;vkyf&ef pDpOfaeonf? olwdk@udk,folwdk@ txif}uD;aeonf? rdrdwdk@tm;tr_rxm;? ausmufjzL udkoydwfarSmufa=umif; ajymaeonf? ppfawGcdkifwGif rdrdac:aqG;aEG;&m ajyvnfoGm;onf? oydwfarSmufwm rSm;a=umif;udk0efcHoGm;onf?
ed* H;cs Kyftpn f;ta0;
&cdkifjynfe,fwGifpcef;rsm;wyfrsm;wGifnaewdkif; ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0; vkyf&efowfrSwfxm;onf? &nf&G,fcsufuawmhygwDwGif;wyfwGif;EdkifiHa&;t& tawG;tac:t& pnf;vHk;nDnGwf&efjzpfonf? tpnf;ta0;wGifwae@wm rdrd vkyfcJhaomvkyfief;ESifh pOf;pm;awG;ac:r_rsm;udk qef;ppf=u&efjzpfonf? wOD;udkwOD; wzGJ@udkwzGJ@ a0zefp&m&Sd&ifa0zef=uonf? obmywdvkyfolu tm;aumif;csufcsdK@,Gif;csufrsm;udked*Hk;csKyfay;onf?
64 A[daum frw Dtpnf;ta0;
64 A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; a&muf&Sdvmonf?rdrdavhvmcsuft& TqHk;jzwfcsufrSm 55 vrf;pOftaiG@toufrsm; yg&Sdaeonf[l,lqrdonf? ,cifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;xufxl;jcm;csufrSm vufeufudkifwdkdufyGJonf t"dujzpfonf qdkonfhtcsuf/ tvHeDESifh yl;aygif;+yD;rSppfrSefaom Arm jynfuGefjrLepfygwDqdkwmudky,fzsufjcif;wdk@jzpfonf?
ppfa&;ESifhywfoufI &efol@xdk;ppfudkrdrdxdk;ppfjzifhwdkufcdkuf&rnf?
&efol.xdk;ppfa=umifhppfcGif(*Gif)a&$@ajymif;jcif;[m ppfajy;0g'jzpfonf[kowf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
60/276
59
rSwfxm;a=umif; awG@&Sd&onf? 64 qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkcdkifr@e,frsm;odk@ &Sif;vif;yGJvkyfaepOf&efol0iffvmojzifhed*Hk;yifrcsKyfEdkifyJaqG;aEG;yGJkyfodrf;vdkuf&onf?
TESpfrSmyifAdkvfoufxGef;rSm A[dkrSwm0efay;csuft& qdk+yD;a&mufvmonf? wm0efrSm r@e,faumfrwDudkjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;[kqdkonf? rdrd63 A[dkY&SdpOf OuUocifoef;xGef;u bmrSrrSmvkdufyg? xdk@tjyif A[dk&Jabmfrsm; a&mufvmpOfu ygvmonfhocifwifjr.umbdkifocifcspf.umbdkifol@udk,f&ef.pwif; tm;vHk;oHk;vufudkjyef,lvm&efrSmvdkufonfqkdI ay;vdkufonf? wywfr#ae+yD; jyefoGm;onf?
awmcdka&muf&Sdaeaom OD;0&dE ("rRp&d, pmcsyk*~dKvf) uvnf;vl0wfvJ+yD; OD;jrxGef;trnfudkcH,lonf? ol@tm; cdkifacgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpfausmufjzLcdkifodk@ ydk@vdkuf&m r=umrDyif&efol.vufcsufjzifhusqHk;oGm;onf?OD;jrxGef;usqHk;&jcif;twGufa'owGifrlvwm0ef,laeaom &JabmfpHa&$rSmt"duwm0ef&Sdonf?
&efol@ppfa=umif;wck0ifvmonf? rdrdwdk@rSm aiGawGudkawmhjrKyfxm;onf? pcef;a&$@ajymif;jcif; rvkyfcJh? TtwGuf rdrdrSm t"du wm0ef&Sdonf? &efol@tay: txifao;r_a=umifhjzpfonf? &efolu pcef;udk0ifwdkuf&m &JabmfrnGef@ESifhtrsdK;orD;&JabmfwOD; a,mufsm;&Jabmf4 OD;usqHk;onf? ypPnf;rsm;vnf; qHk;_ H;onf? vwfwavmvdktyffv#ifoHk;zdk@twGufxkwfxm;aom aiGESpfaomif;yg qHk;_H;onf?
66 ckESpfwGiftdrfaxmifopfjyefxlaxmifonf? apmvGef;onf[k&Jabmfrsm;u a0zef=uonf? Ta0zefcsufudk uqdk&rnfjzpfonf?arG;pm;orD; prf;prf;tm; ol@rdbt&if;xH jyefydk@&efaqG;aEG;&m ol@rdbawG
uvnf; xGufxm;wm jyef0if&efraumif;I vufrcH/ prf;prf;uvnf;
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
61/276
60
roGm;vdk? 'DhtwGufol@tm; xddef;odrf;apmifha&Smufzdk@twGufapmapm tdrfaxmifjyKvdkuf&jcif;jzpfonf?
jrKyfxm;aomaiGrsm;udkjyefazmf,l+yD; a&wGuf=u aevSef;=u jyefa&wGuf=uaomtcg ig;axmifwxkyfaysmufaeonfudkawG@&onf? udkwifat;tay: oHo,&Sd=uonf?
rif;bl;cdkifrS tdrfaxmifonfrsm;tm; ausmufjzLcdkif trf;acsmif;wGifae&mcsay;xm;&onf? aemufydkif;wGiftrf;acsmif;wckvHk;tm;olwdk@tm; v$Jay;xm;&ef awmif;qdkojzifh cGifhjy Kvdkuf&onf? a&$,if;rmr@e,fqdk+yD; tcGefrsm;yg aumufcGifhay;vdkuf&onf?
Adv faZ,swd@tzG@
66 ckESpfwGifAdkvfaZ,sacgif;aqmifaom tzGJ@wzGJ@ taemufajrmufwdkif;odk@ a&mufvm=uonf? AdkvfaZ,sESifh &JabmfxGef;armifwdk@ OD;pD;+yD;ausmufjzLcdkifwGifrif;bl; ausmufjzL ppfawGcdkifwdk@rSau'grsm;tm; EdkifiHa&;oifwef;ausmif;wckzGifhum avhvma&;vkyfcJhonf? oifwef;ausmif;t+yD;wGifAdkvfaZ,s ppfawGcdkifodk@ a&mufvmonf? ppfawGcdkifacgif;aqmifrsm;tm;&ufwdkoifwef;wckay;onf? t"duuawmhtEkydavmrtbd"rRm bmom &yfjzpfonf?
A[dkrSac:I AdkvfaZ,sESifhtwlc&D;xGufonf? AdkvfaZ,stm; A[dktwGuf aiGESpfodef;ay;vdkufonf? atmfwdkrufwpf umbdkifwvufESifhA[kdtwGuftcsufjyqufoG,fa&; wyfom;opfESpfa,mufyg xnfhay;vdkufonf?
yxr &JabmfxGef;armifudkygac:,lI taemufajrmufwdkif;odk@
oGm;=uonf? ,if;rSaeI A[dkodk@ oHk;OD;twlxGuf=uonf? AdkvfaZ,svm
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
62/276
61
wkef;u ygvmwJh&Jabmfatmifjrwfac: AdkvfAjzLtm; ppfawGcdkkifwGifwm0efay;cJhonf? AkdvfaZ,seJ@twlAkdvfAjzL/ &Jabmfpkd;xGef;OD;/ &JabmfvSxGef;wkd@ygvmcJh=uonf? &JabmfomxGef;OD;uawmhausmufjzLcdkifY wm0ef,l&efusefcJhonf?
o&ufcdkifodk@ a&muf+yD;aemuf{&m0wDjrpful;a&; tcuftcJa=umifh tcsdeftawmf=um apmifhae&onf? o&ufta&S@rS Adkvfcifarmifacgif;aqmifaom tzGJ@wzGJ@a&mufvmonf? olwdk@xHwGif&Sdaeaom A[dkrSzGifhaom oifwef;ausmif; wGifajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;aumufE_wfcsufwckudkzwf&onf? AdkvfaZ,sESifh udkxGef;armifwdk@u rdrdtm; rvdkufygeJ@awmhjyefoGm;yg[k awmif;qdkvmonf? odk@ESifhtcsufjywyfom;ESpfOD;ESifh aiGudkAdkvfaZ,sxHtyf+yD; jyefvmcJh&onf?
vrf;wGifzsm;I aq;xdk;&mrSwifyg;rSm temjzpfvmonf? cGJpdwf&eftwGufxHkaq;vnf;r&SdojzifhiSufajymoD;rSnfhjzifhtHk+yD; jynfazmuf&efvkyf&onf? ,if;tcsdefwkwfArmta&;tcif; ay:vm&m yDuif;toHrSae0if;tm; ykwfcwfonfhaqmif;yg;rsm;udk=um;vm&onf? &cdkifbufwGiftiwfab; qdkufaeonf? pyg;wawmif;udk u|Jwaumifjzifh vJpm;&onfhtajctaeodk@ qdkufa&mufaeonf? tpdk;&u *sHKay;apumrlb,fvdkvkyfpm;&rSef; rod=u?
AdkvfaZ,swdk@ESifh rcGJrD ocifoef;xGef;. rdef@cGef;tay: t}uHay;a0zefpmwapmif ay;tyfcJhonf? ol@rdef@cGef;wGif t,ltqwlolrsm;rS*dk%f;zGJ@Edkifonf[kyg&Sdonf? rrSefa=umif; a&;cJhonf? ygwDwGif;wGift,ltqwdkufyGJ &Sd=u rnfjzpfapumrl pnf;Hk;a&;t& ta&;r,loifha=umif;a&;vdkufonf? awmfvSefaomA[dkaumfrwD awmfvSefaomaygvpfjALdkqdkonfhtoHk;tE_ef;rsm;vnf; roHk;oifha=umif; ygwDwGif;rSm A[dkaumfrwDESpfck
aygvpfjALdkESpfckjzpfaeonfht"dym,foufa&mufa=umif;wdk@udkazmfjycJhonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
63/276
62
temtenf;i,foufomvmaomtcg ppfawGcdkifodk@ jyefvmcJh&m&if;'g;&GmwGif &JabmfwlESifh yxrqHk;awG@onf? olESifhtwl pcef;odk@vdkufoGm;onf? pcef;wGifvnf; qefjywfaeI qefjyKwfwcsdefdk;dk;xrif;wcsdefpm;ae&onfudkawG@&onf? &JabmffatmifjrwfppfawGcdkifodk@ a&muf&Sdae+yDudkawG@&onf? &Jabmfwltygt0if &Jabmftm;vHk;wdk@u atmifjrwftay:rauseyfr_udkwifjy=uonf? ola&mufvmcsdefwGif&Jabmfwlwdk@u uif;pcef;wck (uefapmuf uif;pcef;) udkwdkufzdk@ tppt&m&m jyifqif+yD;aecsdefolurwdkuf&efajym+yD; wdkufyGJtpDtpOfudkzsufvdkufIjzpfonf? olwyfwGifwm0ef,laecsdefol@udk,f&eftjzpfr@rSawmcdkvmaom ausmif;om;wOD;udkwm0efay;&m/ wyfom; rsm;u ol[m&efol@olv#dK jzpfonf[kwifjywmudkvufrcH/ aemufqHk;xGufajy;um vufeufcsoGm;onf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sfodk@ olESifhtHHharmifudkqufoG,fa&; vkyfief;w&yftwGufwm0efay;&m bmrSrvkyfEdkifbJjyefvmonf? tjyefwGifpdwWZa&m*g&vmonf? ol@xHrSodrf;&aom pmwapmifwGifzdkrqufqHa&;ESifhywfoufItvHeDausmfZH$D;. t,ltqudkvufcHxm;a=umif; awG@&onf?
69 ckESpf ZGefwGif rOD;pdeforD;OD;udkarG;onf? arG;+yD;aemufwae@pcef;udk&efolwdkufI rdk;}uD;aecsdefwGifqkwf&onf? pcef;udk,m,DvlpkcGJvdkuf&onf? rOD;pdef arG;puav;ESifh prf;prf;wdk@tm; &aohawmifr@e,ftdk;ayguf&Gm aqGrsdK;&Sd&modk@ ydk@xm;&onf? &GmrSm tvHeDe,fjzpfI &efolvnf; c%c% vm a&mufwwfonf? =umvmonfhtcg rvHk+cHKjzpfvmIbl;oD;awmifr@e,f a&pdk;acsmif;&Gmodk@ ,m,Dajymif;a&$@ aecJh&m pcef;ESifhtquftoG,fjywfum oHk;vavmuf=umoGm;onf? wGifaecJhpOfprf;prf;u 5 ESpfarG;puav;u 3 v t&G,fjzpfonf? aewJhtdrf&J@ a0,sm0pPrsm;udk tukefvkyf&onf? tdyfzdk@oabmavmuf jzpfonf? 3 v =umrS
pcef;ESifhtquf&+yD; pcef; wGifjyefqkHonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
64/276
63
69 ukefcgeD;wGifcdkifESifhyl;aygif;tpnf;ta0; vkyf&efqif;vmpOfvrf;wGifatmufydkif;rS aoewfoHawG =um;&onf? &Jabmfwlt+rJvdkvdkaeaom tabmifawmf&Gmudk&efol0ifwdkufI &JabmfwlusqHk;oGm;onf?&JabmfwlrSm pcef;aewmxuftjyifrSmae v_yf&Sm;wmydkrsm;I &GmwGifaewm rsm;onf? &efolu taotcsmowif;&I vmwdkufwmjzpfonf?
(=um;jzwfwck tenf;i,fajymyg&ap? &JabmfwlusqHk;wJ htabmifawmfaygufawmjyifrdk;&$Djyif&GmawGonf&Jabmfwlwnfaxmifay;wJhpHjy&GmawGjzpfonf? 'Da'ovlxk[m &cdkifxJu rsdK;EG,fpkwckjzpfwJh&cdkiftac: acsmif;omvdk@ac:wJhrsdK;EG,fpkjzpfygonf?
olwdk@xHk;pHt& EGm;udktdrfatmufrSmcsnfonf? &GmxJwGiftdrfudkaqmufcsifovdkaqmuf=uonf? &Jabmfwlu &Gmudkaumif;rGefatmifjzpfapvdkI tdrfawGudkvnf; twef;vdkufaqmuf +cHumopfyifpdkuf EGm;rsm;udkwif;ukyfrSmxm; pepfwusjzpfatmifvkyfay;xm;wJh&GmawGjzpfonf? 'Dvdkvkyfay;cJhI &JabmfwlusqHk;+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ&GmawGwGiftoD;tESHawGxGuf+yD; a&mif;pm;ae=u&+yDjzpfonf? &JabmfwlrSm pdkufysdK;a&;arG;jrLa&;0goemygoljzpfI rdrdrtm;vyfonfh=um;rStrsm;ydkifvdarRmf+cHiSufaysm+cHawGvkyfcJhonf? +cHxGuf toD;tESHawGudk pcef;&Jabmfrsm; wyf&Jabmfrsm;pm;=u&onf? &efol0ifvm&ifygwD+cHrSef;od+yD; toD;awGpm; tyifawGckwfvkyfoGm;=uao;onf? &JabmfwlrSm vlxkvkyfief; tpnf;ta0;wckvkyf&efjyifaepOfusqHkoGm;wmjzpfonf? pmwnf;?)
yJc l; d;r
TumvtwGif; EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcsufa&mufvmonf? ygwDwGif; tdrfaxmifrjyK& qdkaomqHk;jzwfcsuf/ ygwDwGif;awmfvSefa&;
(jzKwf xkwfowf) vrf;pOfwdk@jzpfonf? &Jabmf*dk&S,fuvnf; bcuf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
65/276
64
(Hk;tkyf)ESifhaygif;um pmwrf;awGjzef@a0 ocifoef;xGef;wdk@tm; tjyKwfwdkufa&;0g'D[ka&;om;xm;onf?
aemufydkif;wGif *dk&S,fESifhudkaX;wdk@tm;zrf;/ bcufuxGufajy;+yD;&efol@ xHvufeufcs/ EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@0if *dk&S,fESifhudkaX;tjyif A[dkaumfrwD0ifAdkvf&efatmifudkpdk;oef;wdk@ towfcH&/ xdk@tjyifau'g tawmfrsm;rsm; towfcH&/ &JabmfrsdK;jrifhuawmhtjzKwfcH&+yD; omrefwyfom;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif&?
&efolESifhwdkufyGJwGifAdkvfaZ,s udkxGef;armifwdk@ usqHk;/ ocifyk&Jabmfwkwfwdk@u rusef;rmIusqHk;/ 68 wGifocifoef;xGef; vkyf}uHowfjzwfcH&/awmifydkif;Xmewm0efcHarmifjrvufeufcsoGm;/ armifjrESifhbcufwdk@ aygif;+yD;ocifoef;xGef;. aemufqHk;ae@rsm;pmtkyfxkwfa0=u?
ocifoef;xGef; usqHk;+yD;aemufocifZifuOuUwm0ef,l? wdkufyGJwckwGifocifatmif}uD;usqHk;/ ocifZifESifhocifcspfwdk@vnf; 1975 wGifwdkufyGJwGif;usqHk;? olwdk@ESpfOD;usqHk;+yD;aemufbcufwdk@u Zif-cspfaemufqHk;ESpfqdkaom pmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0?
EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfolocifwifxGef;rSm &Srf;jynfwGifwm0ef,laepOf&efolESifh&ifqdkifwdkuf&if; usqHk;/ olrusqHk;rD&Jabmfpdk;armifAdkvfykwdk@vnf; &efol@vufcsufjzifhusqHk;cJh=u?
AdkvfaZ,sESifhxnfhay;vdkufaom tcsufjyqufoG,fa&; &JabmfESpfOD;teuf&JabmfarmifausmfcdkifrSm &Jabmfa&$ZHtrnfjzifhA[dkudkumuG,f&if;usqHk;onf? &Jabmfatmifjrodef;rSm &Jabmfodef;atmiftrnfjzifh&Srf;jynfodk@a&mufvm+yD; 108 ppfa'owGifwm0efxrf;aqmif&if; usqHk;oGm;onf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
66/276
65
&cdkifwGifvnf; vuf0Jusaom &Jabmfrsm;u jzKwfxkwfowfudkaxmufcH=uonf? yxr ydkpwmwdkufyGJjzifh pcJh=uonf? atmifjrwfESifhwifat;wdk@tm;zrf;um xktpnf;ta0;wGifppfaq;um xk}uD;u olwdk@ESpfOD;udkao'%fay;&efawmif;qdk=uonf? jynfe,faumfrwDoHk;OD;&Sd&mESpfOD;u ao'%fay;a&;udk axmufcH=uonf? rdrdvnf;rv$JomyJvufcHvdkufonf? rdrdtm;enf;csufyifjzpfonf?
olwdk@tm; ao'%fay;+yD;aemuf&Jabmfrsm;twGif; pdwf"mwfysufjym;vmonfudk awG@vm&onf? odk@jzifh au'grsm;tm;aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfumTvkyf&yftm; rrSefuefa=umif; wifjy&m vufcHvm=uonf?
71 ckESpfwGifrjr&Dac: &D&DudkarG;onf? 73 ckESpfrwfvwGifausmfjroef; ac: armifarmifudkarG;onf? &efol@ppfa=umif;wck0ifvmI a&Smifwdrf;+yD;vkd&m pcef;odk@ra&mufrDacwWtem;,laecsdef&efolwufvm+yD; wdkufyGJjzpfonf? prf;prf;aygifESpfzufpvHk; umbdkifusnfrSefcJhonf? ,if;wdkufyGJwGif&D&DuwzGJ@ armifarmifuwzGJ@ vlpkuGJoGm;&m &D&Du ESpf&uf=umrSjyeffqHkonf? armifarmifu ig;&uf=umrSjyefqHkonf?
aemufydkif;rSm rdrdtaejzifhpcef;rSmaewmxufwyfeJ@twloGm;umv_yf&Sm; aecJhonf? &nf&G,fcsufuawmhwyfudkpkpnf;a&; EdkifiHa&;ynmay;a&;jzpfonf?
rDZ drsm;cdv _vmjci f;
yxr rDZdkta=umif;udkodxm;&efwifjyvdkonf? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@acwfu olwdk@udkvla&S ( LUSHAI ) vlrsdK;[kac:onf? e,fcsJ@orm;awGuolwdk@udkta&S@awmifwef;a'o tkyfcsKyfa&;a'otjzpfowfrSwftkyfcsKyfcJhonf? ,if;a'orSm csif;awmifwef;ESifhuyfvsufwnf&Sdonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
67/276
66
tdENd,jynfvGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemufxdka'oudkrDZdk&rfjynfe,fwcktjzpfowfrSwfum tkyfcsKyfvmonf? rDZdkvlrsdK;wdk@. &nfrSef;csufrSm csif;awmifwef; r%dyl& b*Fvm;a'h&Sf&SdusefvlrsdK;pkwdk@yg0ifaom vGwfvyfaomrDZdkkjynfe,fxlaxmif&efjzpfonf? tdENd,tkyfcsKyfa&;udk qef@usif&mrSmygupPweftpdk;&u ulnDonf? olwdk@bmomolwdk@ orRwESifh(EdkifiHjcm;a&;pD;yGm;a&; ynma&; ponfh) 0ef}uD;tzGJ@udkzGJ@pnf;xm;=uonf? orRwqdkolu'wfumwGif aexdkifonf? usefwyfom;rsm;usawmh &ef*grwD w0dkufwGifaexdkifonf?
ta&S@ygupPwef(,ckb*Fvm;a'h&Sf)wGift0grDvdcftzGJ@u ygupPweftpdk;& udkqef@usifwdkufyGJ0if&m tdEdN,u ppfwyfjzifh0ifa&mufulnDonf?rDZdkawG'wfum &ef*grwDwdk@wGifqufvufraeEdkifI &cdkifodk@0ifa&mufumcdkv_HcGifhawmif;vmjcif; jzpfonf? orRwqdkoluawmhppfawG&SdygupPwefaumifppf0efESifhqufoG,f+yD; ,if;rSwqifhtaemufygupPwefodk@ xGufoGm;onf? Todk@ ppfawGodk@ oGm;Edkifa&;twGufygwDrSulnDcJhonf? ArmaiGESpfaomif;vnf; acs;vdkuf&ao;onf?
rDZdkawGa&muf&SdaepOfygwDwyfESifhaygif;+yD; &aohawmifr@udk0ifpD;cJhonf? ppfwyftm; wm;xm;+yD; tpdk;&ukefoG,fa&; *dka'giftm;odrf;cJhonf?rdrdwdk@ vdktyfaomypPnf;rsm;udko,f,l+yD; usefwmawGudkvlxktm;,l=u&efzGifhay;cJhonf? tpdk;&pyg; *dka'gifawGudkrD;_d@zsufqD;cJhonf? av;r@acsmif;zsm;&Sdykvdyfuif;*wfwckudktvpftidkufwdkufEdkifcJhonf? &or#vufeufrsm; ygwDrS&&SdcJhonf? rdrdbufrSpdwfrSL;wOD;usqHk;onf? wzefpdkif'ifuif;wyfudkwdkuf&mratmifjrifbJqkwfcGmvm=u&onf? rdrdbufrS&Jabmfav;OD; '%f&m&onf?
ESpfESpfcef@ae+yD; olwdk@ b*Fvm;a'h&fS(,cifta&S@ygupPwef) csefcrm(ac:)oufvlrsdK;pkawGaexdkifaom a'owGifpcef;aqmufvkyfaexdkif=u
onf? aemufydkif;wGif orRwqdkolu tdEdN,tpdk;&ESifh aphpyfum rDZdk&rf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
68/276
67
odk@jyefoGm;&m vufeufudkifrDZdkawGvnf; jyefac:oGm;onf? ZkdrDtrsdK; om;awGu rDZkdvufatmufwGifraevkd=u? olwkd@u csif;vnf;r[kwf/ ppfwaumif; awmifwef;ESifhqufpyfaeaom trsdK;om;w&yfjzpfonf? olwdk@uZdkrDtrsdK;om; wyfOD; trnfjzifhArmtpdk;&udkqef@usif=uonf?
rdrdtaejzifhukvm;wefzsm;wGiftajccHEdkifa&;twGufa'owdk;csJ@a&;twGuf&JabmfpHvSjzL acgif;aqmifaom tzGJ@wckudkukvm;wefacsmifzsm;odk@ v$wfcJhonf? rDZDkwcsdK@ ukvm;wefacsmif;zsm;wGifae+yD; bdef;ukeful;ae=uonf? olwdk@ qufvufaeEdkifa&;twGufygwDtay: opPmazmufcJhonf?&Jabmf ausmfpdk;rdk;tm; Armtpdk;&vufodk@ tyfcJh&m &efolu acgif;jzwf,loGm;onf? useftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;udkaqG;aEG;yGJvkyf&efzdwfac:+yD;zrf;qD;onf?&JabmfpHvSjzL wOD;om csKyfxm;&mrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmonf?usef&Jabmfrsm;tm;vHk; towfcHoGm;&onf?
& Se fcrme DtzG@(pifw DA[me DtzG@)
TtzGJ@rSm ppfwaumif;a'o&SdouftrsdK;om;tzGJ@. trnfjzpfonf? crmeD[kvnf; ac:onf? Ak'
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
69/276
68
onf? OuUocifAodef;wif. rdef@cGef;udk=um;&onf? jzKwfxkwfowfvrf;pOfudk oG,f0dkuf+yD; a0zefxm;onf? ygwDA[dkaumfrwD tzGJ@0ifrsm;.pm&if; EdkifiHa&; OD;aqmiftzGJ@0ifrsm;.pm&if; udkvnf;a=unm&m rdrdrSmEdkifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@ wGifyg0ifaea=umif; od&onf?
&efoltaejzifhjynfe,fygwDaumfrwDHk;ukdt"dutmHkpdkufacsr_ef;&efu;pm;aeojzifh,m,DtaeESifhb*Fvm;a'h&SfwGif&Sd&SefcrmeDwdk@xHacwWoGm;a&mufaecJh&onf? olwdk@taeESifhpm;a&;aomufa&; tppt&m&m ulnDonf? igwdk@a&mufpOfu tajctaerSm Oya'wGif;wydkif; Oya'ywydkif; tajctaersdK;&Sdonf? rdrdtaeESifholwdk@. XmecsKyf&Sd&modk@ a&mufcJhonf? olwdk@taeESifh vufeufudkifwdkufyGJp&ef jyifaecsdefjzpfonf? [email protected];vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ vkyfrnfqdkygu tzufzufrS pepfwus jyifqif+yD;rSvkyfyg[kt}uHay;cJhonf? b*Fvm;a'h&fSwGifrmufhpf0g'tpk(8) pkcef@&Sdonf?oabmw&m;a&;t& jiif;ckefae=u+yD; nDnGwfpnf;vHk;r_r&=u? olwdk@tm;pnf;vHk;aomygwDjzpfatmifu;pm;zdk@ &SefvfA[meDOuUrSwqifht}uHay;cJhonf?
olwdk@XmecsKyfrStjyefwGiftcsufjyqufoG,fa&;vkyfief; oif=um;ay;&ef&JabmfESpfOD; xnfhay;vdkuf&m Adkvf}uD;wifarmifu oifay;cJhonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SfwGifaepOf1975 ckESpfwGif=unf=unfudkarG;zGm;cJhonf?xdkESpfrSmyif&cdkifodk@ jyef0iffvmcJhonf? jyefa&muf+yD;r=umrDudkudk;u|ef;rSvGwfvmol&JabmfuHvS(ac:) om;axG; ESifh&JabmfatmifxD(ac:) tkef;armifwdk@ a&mufvm=uonf? olwdk@ESpfOD;pvHk;u wyfrSmyJwm0ef,lvdk=uojzifhwyfwGifwm0efay;cJhonf? r=umrDrSm &efol@ppfa=umif;wck0ifvm&m &efol@a&S@uif;rS wOD;usI ol@aoewfaumuf,l&eftoGm; aemufrS&effol.ypfcwfr_a=umifh&JabmfatmifxDusqHk;oGm;onf? aemufydkif;wGifudkudk;u|ef;rSvGwfajrmufvmol&Jabmfa&$ausmfatmifa&mufvmonf?
jynfol@toHudkrSefrSef=um;ae&onf? wyfr[mawGzGJ@+yD; wdkufae
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
70/276
69
a=umif; ta&S@ajrmufydkif; e,fpyfa'o tkyfcsKyfa&;udkzGJ@vdkufa=umif; =um;&onf? acgif;aqmifolrsm;rSm &Jabmf&JxGef; &Jabmf*END; &Jabmfarmifarmifpdefwdk@jzpfa=umif;=um;&onf?
&JabmfxGef;vSatmifESifhndE_dif;+yD; cdkifwyfrS&Jabmfatmifom (oef;atmif)ESifhcifarmifjrifh(atmifxGef;)wdk@tm; A[dkodk@v$wf&efpDpOf=uonf?olwdk@ESpfa,mufudkac:,laqG;aEG;&m oGm;Edkifa=umif; tmrcH=uI A[dkodk@E_wfjzifh tpD&ifcH&ef rSmvdkuf+yD; v$wfvdkufonf? atmifjrifpGm a&muf&SdoGm;=uonf?
&SefcrmeDtzGJ@rS&Jabmfrsm;tm; 0,fcdkif;I armfpDwkef;vufa&G;pOfusrf; ig;wGJ- ESpfpHk&&Sdonf? twGJ1 rS4 txdjrefrmjyef+yD;jzpfI rdrdtaejzifhtcsdefvk+yD; twGJ5 udkbmomjyefcJhonf?
1977 wGifwifwif(ti,fqHk;orD;)tm; arG;onf? &SefcrmeDwdk@uvufeufudkif yl;wGJwdkufcdkuf&ef zdwfac:ojzifh &JabmfxGef;vSatmifacgif;aqmifonfhwyfzGJ@wzGJ@ vdkufygoGm;cJhonf? owif;ayguf=um;oGm;ojzifhwdkufyGJrvkyfEdkifbJjyefqkwfcJh&onf?
jyefa&mufonfhtcg taemufajrmufwdkif;rS &Jabmfpdk;odrf;wdk@a&muf&Sdaewm awG@&onf? olwdk@ESifhtajctaeudka,bk,saqG;aEG;+yD;olwdk@jyefoGm; =uonf? olwdk@awmif;xm;aom armfpDwkef;usrf; t*Fvdyfbmom 1 rS5 wGJwpHkESifhoufxGef;twGufygwfum;azmifwdefwacsmif;ay;vdkufonf?
r=umrDorD;}uD;rjrpdefwdkufzGdKufa&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf?rjrpdefqHk;oGm;+yD;aemuf A[dkrSqufom; &JabmfatmifaiG &Jabmf&JxGef;
wdk@ESifhtwl a&mufvmonf? &Jabmf&JxGef;rSm ppfawGcdkifaumfrwD0if
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
71/276
70
jzpfonf? udkatmifaiGESifh A[dkrS pmwa=umif;wnf;ygonfh pmuav;wapmifvnf; ygvmonf? xdkpmwGifrdrdtm;A[dkodk@vm&efvrf;c&D;twGufu;pm;aea=umif;ESifh0Sufpmoif&ef&JabmfwOD;xnfhay;vdkufzdk@ yg&Sdonf?
&JabmfatmifaiGxHrSavhvm=unfh&m nDaemifygwDrStppt&m&mtultnDay;aea=umif; e,fpyfa'owGifaq;HkwckzGifhay;+yD; ygwDrSaq;Hkwufolrsm;tm; ,Grf20 pDxkwfay;a=umif; tyfrStp tajrmuf}uD;txdqefqDqm;ponfwdk@udk ulnDa=umif; &JabmfawGtaetjzifh udk,fh'l;udk,fc|eftjzpfwESpfwGifwvpm &duQmxkwfray;a=umif;udkod&Sd&onf? rdrduwm&Snf 'DvdkulnDyghrvm;[k ar;jref;ajym=um;cJhonf? 0Sufpmoif,la&;twGuf&JabmfarmifjzLvS(atmifpdk;)tm; xnfhay;vdkufonf? r=umcifyJolwdk@jyefoGm;=uonf?
aemufrsm;r=umrDtwGif; A[dkrSqufom; &Jabmfoef;armifa&mufvmonf? OuUocifAodef;wifxHrSzvifaumfjym;jzifhdkuful;xm;aom pmwapmifay;onf? xdkpmwGift"dutm;jzifhrdrdtm; A[dkodk@vm&efzdwfac:xm; onf? &Jabmfoef;armif&SdaepOftwGif; &efol.wdkufcdkufr_udkcH&I ppfacsmif;zsm;odk@ qkwf&um ,if;rSwqifhb*Fvm;a'h&fSodk@ 0ifa&mufoGm;cJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif&Jabmfatmifom(oef;atmif) ESifhatmifxGef;wdk@jyefa&mufvm=uonf? olwdk@ESpfOD;tm; aemufwacgufjyefoGm;&efpDpOf+yD;&Jabmf oef;armifudkyg xnfhay;vdkufonf? Tt}udrfwGif &JabmfatmifomESifh&Jabmfoef;armifwdk@ tzrf;cH&+yD; tif;pdefaxmifwGiftusOf;cscH&onf? aemufrSvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;onfhtcsdefrSjyefvGwfvm umta&S@ajrmufwGifwm0efxrf;aqmifonf?
xdktwGif; &JabmfxGef;vSatmiftltwufaygufa&m*gjzifhusqHk;onfhowif; trsdK;orD;wyfpdyfrS&JabmfrvSOD; OD;aESmufiSufzsm;jzifhusqHk;
onfha=uuGJp&mowif;rsm;udk=um;od&onf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
72/276
71
A[dkodk@oGm;Edkifa&;twGufrdrdwOD;wnf; vdkufydk@aomtzGJ@ESifhc&D;xGufcJhonf? ppfwaumif;odk@ ajrmufydkif;rSaeI0if&efpDpOf+yD;oGm;&m vrf;wGif&efolydwfqdk@r_a=umifhc&D;rqufEdkifbJjyefvm&onf? ,if;tcsdefwGif&JabmfpHvSjzLvnf; rDZdktcsKyfrSxGufajy;I a&mufvmonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf r[mrdwf&Jabmfrsm;. tpDtpOfjzifhrdrdwdk@wtdrfom;vHk; e,fpyfuif;pcef;rsm;udkjzwfoef;I 7 &ufajrmufrSppfwaumif;odk@a&mufonf? ppfwaumif;wGif ESpf&ufcef@ae+yD; um;;jzifh'wfumodk@oGm;=u&onf? nrSa&mufonf? rdrdESifhygvmonfhusef&SdaiGa':vm 420ESifhArmusyfaiG1000 tyg aiGtm;vHk;udk&Jabmf&JxGef;tm;tyf&ef&JabmfvSxGef;xHtyfcJhonf?
'wfumwGif jyifqifr_wywfvkyf+yD; u&mcsDodk@ av,mOfjzifhoGm;onf? u&mcsDwGifESpfntdyf+yD; yDuif;odk@wdkufdkufav,mOfjzifhvm&m 1979=o*kwf16 &ufae@wGifyDuif;odk@a&mufonf?
yDuif;wGifyxrqHk;awG@&olrSm axmufyHha&;udpPESifha&muf&Sdaeaom &JabmfpHoljzpfonf? &JabmfpHolESifh&Jabmfatmif(AdkvfrsdK;jrifh)wdk@rdrdwnf; cdk&mae&modk@ a&mufvm=u+yD; "mwfyHktwldkuf=uonf? yDuif;aq;HkwGifaq;ppfr_vkyfonf? ,cifwDbDjzpfcJhonfrSm aumif;oGm;+yD[kod&onf? rdrdtaejzifh yDuif;wGif tcsdef=umraevdk/ ygwDXmecsKyfodk@ tjrefa&mufvdkonf? OuUxHodk@vnf; tjrefvmvdka=umif; pma&;vdkufonf?odk@aomf av;veD;yg; yDuif;wGifae&onf? xl;jcm;aomae&mrsm;odk@vSnfhvnfvdkufjyonf? A[dkXmecsKyfodk@ Edk0ifbmvusrSydk@onf? rydk@rDygwDudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef,l&ef &Jabmf&JxGef;a&mufvmonf? aemuf&Jabmfoef;a&$a&mufvm+yD; &Jabmf&JxGef;ESifhtwlaeonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
73/276
72
yDuif;rSwzefulrif;wGifav;ig;&ufem;ae&onf? rdk;uvnf;&Gmaeonf? ulrif;aq;Hkwufaeaom &Jabmfjrrif;ESifh&Jabmf*END;wdk@ rdrdtm;vmawG@=uonf? &Jabmfatmif(AdkvfrsdK;jrifh)uvnf; aygufqef;odk@oGm;&efav,mOfxGufrnfh&ufapmifh&if; rdrdwdk@ESifhtwlvmaeonf? &JabmfatmifxHrSod&onfrSm ajrmufydkif;AsLdkESifhtv,fydkif;AsLdkqdk+yD; AsLdkESpfckcGJxm;a=umif;&Jabmfatmifu ajrmufydkif;wm0efcH&Jabmfcifarmif}uD;u tv,fydkif; wm0efcHtjzpfwm0efay;xm;a=umif; &Jabmfoef;a&$tm; A[dkaumfrwDtjzpfrSjzKwfvdkufa=umif; wyfr}uD;ESpfckzGJ@awmhrnfqdkonfhta=umif;rsm;udkod&onf?
ulrif;rSvefcsef;odk@ a&muf+yD; aemufwae@ ygwDA[dk&Sd&m yefqef;odk@tvm &Jabmfr_arESifhcav;aygufp wifarxGef;wdk@vnf; twlvdkufygvmonf?
A[ dXmecsKyfw Gi fwm0e f, ljcif;
A[dkXmecsKyf&Sd&m yefqef;odk@ 'DZifbm 29 &ufae@wGifa&mufonf?&efolu rif;&efatmiftrnfjzifhxdk;ppfqifaea=umif; od&onf? yefqef;odk@a&mufonfh nwGif A[dkppfaumfr&Sif tpnf;ta0; wnvHk;xdkifonf?yefqef;&SdA[dkaumfrwD0ifrsm;vnf; wuf=uonf? rdrdtaeESifhtajctaetao;pdwfudkvnf; rodao;/ aqG;aEG;ae=uonfudkem;axmifae&onf?
ygwDA[dkXmecsKyfodk@ a&mufvmonfhtcg rdrdtm; atmufygwm0efrsm;udkay;cJhonf?
(u) A[dkppfaumfr&SiftzGJ@( c) wyfaygif;pkXme( *) pnf;Hk;a&;Xme(C) 0g'jzef@csda&;Xme( i) wwd,uGef*&ufusif;ya&; aumfr&SifOuU
( p) tawG;tac: }uHhcdkifa&;v_yf&Sm;r_aumfr&SifOuU ponfwdk@jzpfonf?
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
74/276
73
rdrd.qENrSm a'orsm;odk@qif;+yD; jynfol@b0 avhvmjcif; pnf;Hk;jcif;ponfwdk@udkvkyfvdkonf? odk@aomf10 ESpfavmuftwGif; b,fa'oudkr#qif;cGifhr&cJh/ ajrmufydkif;odk@w}udrfqif;cGifh&apumrlcsufcsif;jyefac:I bmr#rvkyfcJh&?
wyfaygif;pkzGJ@pnf;xm;yHktajctaeudkod&atmifwyfaygif;pkXme&SdHk;zdkifawGudkavhvm=unfhonf? rdrdygwDA[dkodk@ ra&mufrD KNU rSudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ ygwDA[dkESifhaqG;aEG;=ua=umif;/ aqG;aEG;yGJwGifbmrSoabm wlnDr_r&bJ+yD;qHk;oGm;a=umif; od&onf?
rdrda&mufvmonfhtcg yefqef;wGifAdkvfwmuv,facgif;aqmifaom (&vvz)tzGJ@ a&muf&Sdae=uonf? olwdk@onfyefqef;rlvwef;ausmif;zGifhxm;onfhukef;wGifpcef;csae=uonf? Adkvfwmuv,fESifhawG@pHkaqG;aEG;cGifh&vdkufonf? olwdk@rSm ytdk0fhtrsdK;om;tzGJ@rSjzpfI tzGJ@wGif;ydyuQa=umifhAdkvfwmuv,fwdk@u &vvz trnfjzifhoD;jcm;tzGJ@ xlaxmifonf? TtzGJ@rSm ygwDESifheD;pyfonf/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDvrf;a=umif;udkvufcHonf?Adkvfwmuv,fwdk@tzGJ@ jyeffoGm;+yD;aemufolwdk@tzGJ@rS&JabmftcsdK@ ynmoif,l&efyefqef;wGifusefaecJhonf? &vvzrSyifq&mpdefa&$wdk@tzGJ@ a&mufvmonf?
u&ifeDtzGJ@rScGJxGufvmaom (uvvw) rSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; a&muf&Sdvmonf? olwdk@uawmh EdkifiHa&;tvGeftm;enf;a=umif;awG@vdkuf&onf?
SSPP ESifhaqG;aEG;yGJvkyfa=umif;/ ocifazwifhu acgif;aqmifa=umif;od&onf? aemufydkif;wGif SSPP acgif;aqmifr_twGif; tajymif;tvJ&SdcJh&m
olwdk@ESifhaqG;aEG;yGJt}udrf}udrf(rdrd)acgif;aqmif+yD; vkyfcJhonf? e,fajrjzwf
7/21/2019 Yebaw Kyaw Mya
75/276
74
oef;a&; 'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&; ygwDwGifolwdk@. udk,fpm;vS,fxm;a&; wdk@udkoabmwlnDr_&cJhonf?
KIO ESifhvnf; wyfaygif;pkzGJ@xm;a=umif; od&onf? ygwDrS&Jabmfoef;a&$&Jabmfarmifarm
Top Related