TENSES
Sibel YCEL
YDS KONU ANLATIM KTABI
ISBN-978-605-318-806-3
Kitapta yer alan blmlerin tm sorumluluu yazarlarna aittir.
Pegem AkademiBu kitabn basm, yaym ve sat haklar
Pegem Akademi Yay. Et. Dan. Hizm. Tic. Ltd. tiye aittir.Anlan kuruluun izni alnmadan kitabn tm ya da blmleri,kapak tasarm, mekanik, elektronik, fotokopi, manyetik, kaytya da baka yntemlerle oaltlamaz, baslamaz, datlamaz.
Bu kitap T.C. Kltr Bakanl bandrol ile satlmaktadr.Okuyucularmzn bandrol olmayan kitaplar hakknda
yaynevimize bilgi vermesini ve bandrolsz yaynlarsatn almamasn diliyoruz.
1. Bask: 2017, Ankara
Yayn-Proje: Pelin zdemir
Dizgi-Grafik Tasarm: Kezban Yank
Kapak Tasarm: Grsel Avc
Bask: Vadi Grup Ciltevi A..
vedik Organize Sanayi 28. Cadde 2284 Sokak No:105
Yenimahalle/ANKARA
(0312 394 55 91)
Yaync Sertifika No: 14749
Matbaa Sertifika No: 26687
letiim
Karanfil 2 Sokak No: 45 Kzlay / ANKARAYaynevi: 0312 430 67 50 - 430 67 51
Yaynevi Belge: 0312 435 44 60Datm: 0312 434 54 24 - 434 54 08
Datm Belge: 0312 431 37 38Hazrlk Kurslar: 0312 419 05 60
nternet: www.pegem.netE-ileti: [email protected]
pegemSticky NoteMarked set by pegem
pegemSticky NoteMarked set by pegem
N SZ
Bir yabanc dilin renilebilmesi, dile zg gramer kurallarn
doru bir ekilde renmemize baldr. Ayrca, dilin kurallarn
renmek sadece gramer sorularn deil dier tm blmlerdeki
sorular doru bir ekilde zmemize yardmc olacaktr.
YDS GRAMMAR BOOK hazrlanrken sadece snavn kazanl-
mas deil ngilizcenin en doru ve en ayrntl ekilde renilmesi
amalanmtr. Konu anlatmlarnn ardndan her konu ile ilgili
testlerle kurallarn kavranmas amalanmtr. Buna ilaveten, her
konuya ilikin Test 1 blmndeki sorularn olduka ayrntl
bir ekilde zmleri yaplmtr. Ayrca snavlarda srekli olarak
geen kelimelerle hazrlanm kelime testleri ve ayrntl zmlere
yer verilmitir.
YDS GRAMMAR BOOK, YDS ve YKDL snavna girecek olan
rencilerimize ve birok niversitenin hazrlk atlama snavlar
iin de olduka yararl bir kaynaktr.
Byk bir titizlikle hazrlanan kitabmz ilginize sunuyor, katk
ve eletirilerinizi bekliyoruz.
Baar dileklerimizle ....
Sibel YCEL
YDS HAKKINDA
YDS NEDR?
YDS, SYM tarafndan gerekletirilen ve alm Yabanc Dil Bilgisi Seviye Tespit Snav olan merkezi yabanc dil snavdr. Daha nceleri uygulanan DS ve KPDS snavlarnn da bu snava dhil edilmesi ile birlikte YDS adn alm olup, kamu kurum ve kurulular bata olmak zere niversiteler ve zel sektrlerde geerlilii bulunmaktadr.
Snav 80 sorudan oluur. Yanllar dorular gtrmez ve her soru 1.25 puan deerindedir. YDS ye ayn dilden bir kereden fazla girer ve farkl puanlar alrsanz, aldnz en yksek puan geerli saylr. Dier puanlar dikkate alnmaz.
YDS snav puan seviyeleri u ekildedir:
90 - 100 arasndaki puanlar (A) seviyesi,
80 - 89 arasndaki puanlar (B) seviyesi,
70 - 79 arasndaki puanlar (C) seviyesi,
60 - 69 arasndaki puanlar (D) seviyesi,
50 - 59 arasndaki puanlar (E) seviyesi
YABANCI DL SEVYE TESPT SINAVI (YDS)na KMLER GREBLR?
YDSye her aday bavuruda bulunamaz. Yabanc Dil Seviye Tespit Snavna girebilmek iin aada bulunan artlardan birisini salyor olmanz gerekmektedir.
Doent, doktora ve sanatta yeterlik adaylar.
Yksek lisans programlarna girecek lisans program mezunlar.
Lisans programlarnn son snfnda veya son snftan bir nceki snfta okuyan rencilerden, yksek lisans ya da doktora renimi grmek isteyenler.
Herhangi bir kamu kurumunda almakta olup dil tazminat ya da yurtd grev vs. nedeniyle yabanc dil bilgisi dzeyini belirlemek isteyenler.
Tpta Uzmanlk Snav (TUS) ya da Di Hekimlii Uzmanlk Snavna (DUS) girecek olan adaylar.
Kamu personeli olmak amacyla KPSSye girecek adaylardan, almak istedikleri kamu kurumunun talebi dorultusunda yabanc dil bilgisi dzeyini belirlemek isteyenler.
Herhangi bir kamu kurumunda almyor ya da almay amalamyor olsa da, yabanc dil bilgisi dzeyini belirlemek isteyen niversite ya da yksekokul mezunlar.
YDS Snavnda Nasl Baarl Olunur:
yi konuma ngilizcesine sahip olmak bazen YDS gibi snavlarda yetersiz kalabilir. Bu nedenle dilbilgisi ve okuma-anlama konusuna arlk gstermek gereklidir. Bu nedenle ncelikle gereken zaman dilbilgisi renmeye ayrmalyz. Buna ilaveten, iyi bir sonuca ulamak iin YDS snav tekniklerini de iyi bilmemiz gerekmektedir. almalarmz, Dilbilgisi, Kelime ve okuma olarak temel blmde toplamalyz.
TENSES KONU ANLATIMI ......................................................................................................... 9
Tenses Test 1 ............................................................................................................................. 20
Tenses Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar .............................................................................. 23
Tenses Test 2 ............................................................................................................................. 27
Tenses Test 3 ............................................................................................................................. 31
MODALS KONU ANLATIMI ..................................................................................................... 35
Modals Test 1 ............................................................................................................................ 45
Modals Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ............................................................................. 48
Modals Test 2 ............................................................................................................................ 53
Modals Test 3 ............................................................................................................................ 56
PASSIVE VOICE KONU ANLATIMI ......................................................................................... 60
Passive Voice Test 1 .................................................................................................................. 67
Passive Voice Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar .................................................................. 70
Passive Voice Test 2 .................................................................................................................. 74
Passive Voice Test 3 .................................................................................................................. 77
CONDITIONALS / IF & WISH CLAUSES KONU ANLATIMI ................................................... 81
Conditionals / If & Wish Clauses Test 1 ...................................................................................... 93
Conditionals / If & Wish Clauses Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ...................................... 96
Conditionals / If & Wish Clauses Test 2 ................................................................................... 100
Conditionals / If & Wish Clauses Test 3 ................................................................................... 103
QUANTIFIERS & PROUNOUNS KONU ANLATIMI ............................................................... 106
Quantifiers & Pronouns Test 1 ..................................................................................................117
Quantifiers & Pronouns Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar................................................... 120
Quantifiers & Pronouns Test 2 ................................................................................................. 125
Quantifiers & Pronouns Test 3 ................................................................................................. 128
NDEKLER
5
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS KONU ANLATIMI ...................................................................... 131
Adjectives & Adverbs Test 1 .................................................................................................... 143
Adjectives & Adverbs Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ...................................................... 146
Adjectives & Adverbs Test 2 .................................................................................................... 150
Adjectives & Adverbs Test 3 .................................................................................................... 153
RELATIVE CLAUSE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE) KONU ANLATIMI ......................................... 156
Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) Test 1 ............................................................................... 167
Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ................................ 170
Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) Test 2 ............................................................................... 174
Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) Test 3 ............................................................................... 177
NOUN CLAUSE KONU ANLATIMI ......................................................................................... 180
Noun Clause Test 1 ................................................................................................................. 190
Noun Clause Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar .................................................................. 193
Noun Clause Test 2 ................................................................................................................. 197
Noun Clause Test 3 ................................................................................................................. 200
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES / CAUSATIVES KONU ANLATIMI .............................................. 203
Gerunds & Infinitives / Causatives Test 1 ................................................................................ 217
Gerunds & Infinitives / Causatives Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar .................................. 220
Gerunds & Infinitives / Causatives Test 2 ................................................................................ 223
Gerunds & Infinitives / Causatives Test 3 ................................................................................ 226
CONJUNCTIONS & ADVERBIAL CLAUSES & INVERSION KONU ANLATIMI .................. 229
Conjunctions & Adverbial Clauses & Inversion Test 1 ............................................................. 254
Conjunctions & Adverbial Clauses & Inversion Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar .............. 257
Conjunctions & Adverbial Clauses & Inversion Test 2 ............................................................. 262
Conjunctions & Adverbial Clauses & Inversion Test 3 ............................................................. 265
6
Grammar Revision Test 1 ........................................................................................................ 268
Grammar Revision Test 2 ........................................................................................................ 271
Grammar Revision Test 3 ........................................................................................................ 274
Grammar Revision Test 4 ........................................................................................................ 277
Grammar Revision Test 5 ........................................................................................................ 280
Grammar Revision Test 6 ........................................................................................................ 283
Grammar Revision Test 7 ........................................................................................................ 286
Grammar Revision Test 8 ........................................................................................................ 289
Grammar Revision Test 9 ........................................................................................................ 292
Grammar Revision Test 10 ...................................................................................................... 295
Grammar Revision Test 11 ...................................................................................................... 298
PREPOSITION KONU ANLATIMI .......................................................................................... 301Preposition Test 1 .................................................................................................................... 313
Preposition Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ..................................................................... 316
Preposition Test 2 .................................................................................................................... 319
Preposition Test 3 .................................................................................................................... 322
Preposition Test 4 .................................................................................................................... 325
VOCABULARY Test 1 ............................................................................................................. 328
VOCABULARY Test 1 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ............................................................... 331
VOCABULARY Test 2 ............................................................................................................. 335
VOCABULARY Test 2 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ............................................................... 338
VOCABULARY Test 3 ............................................................................................................. 343
VOCABULARY Test 3 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ............................................................... 346
VOCABULARY Test 4 ............................................................................................................. 351
VOCABULARY Test 4 zmler ve Cevap Anahtar ............................................................... 354
CLOZE TEST 1 ....................................................................................................................... 359
CLOZE TEST 2 ....................................................................................................................... 364
CLOZE TEST 3 ....................................................................................................................... 369
CLOZE TEST 4 ....................................................................................................................... 374
Verb Preposition / Noun Preposition .................................................................................... 379Irregular Verbs ........................................................................................................................ 385
Cevap Anahtar ....................................................................................................................... 387
7
9
TENSESSIMPLE PRESENT TENSE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
I drink coffee every day. (Simple Present Tense)I am drinking coffee now. (Present Continuous Tense)
Genel gereklikler Simple Present Tense ile ifade edilir:Water boils at 100 C.
Rutin yaplan iler Simple Present Tense ile ifade edilir:She goes on holiday every summer.
Konuma annda yaplyor olan iler Present Continuous Tense ile ifade edilir:I am writing a book now.
Azalan oalan ifadeler Present Continuous Tense ile ifade edilir: (gradually).The number of people is increasing.
It is getting darker and darker.
Geici durumlar Present Continuous Tense ile ifade edilir. (for the time being)I am staying with my friends until I find a job.
Bugnlerde yapyor olduumuz iler Present Continuous Tense ile ifade edilir:I am learning English these days.
Gelecek iin Present Continuous Tense kullanlabilir.I am playing tennis with Aye tomorrow.
Haber balklar Simple Present Tense ile ifade edilir.India signs a pact with Russiaeklinde bir balk aslnda India has signed a pact with Russia anlam vermektedir.
Kitap, film zetleri, yk anlatm ve spor yorumlar Simple Present Tense ile ifade edilir. When his father dies, George decides to move to another city.
u zaman ifadeleri ile Simple Present Tense kullanlmaldr:
Always Often Rarely
Usually Frequently Hardly ever
Generally Sometimes Scarcely
Mostly Now and again Seldom
Most of the time From time to time Never
10
u zaman ifadeleri ile Present Continuous Tense kullanlr:
Now These days
For the time being At present
Currently Presently
Right now At the moment
always ikayet anlamna geldiinde Present Continuous Tense ile kullanlr.She is always complaining about the prices.
I am always breaking the cups.
Baz fiiller Present Continuous Tense ile kullanlmaz. Tabloda belirtilen fiiller hareket bildirmeyen fiillerdir (stative verbs), bu nedenle bu fiiller Present Continuous Tense ile kullanlamazlar.
Bu fiiller hareket bildirmeyen fiillerdir (stative verbs). Bu zellii bildiimiz zaman fiilleri ezberlemek zorunda kalmayz.
Bu fiillerin bazlar unlardr:
want realize see *perceive agree appear *
know love look *belong remember weigh *
understand like have *mean possess need *hear appear think *forget believe taste *seem loathe smell *
Yldz olan fiiller her iki tense ile kullanlabilir:I have a car. I am having dinner.(Arabaya sahibim) (Akam yemei yiyorum)
Cake tastes delicious. I am tasting the cake.(Kekin tad gzel) (Kekin tadna bakyorum)
She looks tired. She is looking at me.(Yorgun grnyor) (Bana bakyor.)I see you. I am seeing my doctor tomorrow.(Seni gryorum) (Yarn doktorumla greceim)I think he will come early. I am thinking of changing my job.(Sanrm erken gelecek) (imi deitirmeyi dnyorum)
What are you thinking about me? (Benim hakkmda ne dnyorsun?)
Rose smells nice. I am smelling the rose.(Gl gzel kokuyor) (Gl kokluyorum)
She appears to be bored. The film is appearing on TV.(O sklm grnyor) (Televizyonda film var)
11
The baby weighs 5 kilos. The doctor is weighing the baby. (Bebek 5 kilo geliyor) (Doktor bebei tartyor)
Fiillerin anlamlarna baktmzda fiiller hareket bildirmediinde Simple Present Tense, hareket bildirdiinde Present Continuous Tense ile kullanldn grmekteyiz.
Zaman tablolarndaki olaylar (timetable) Simple Present Tense ile ifade edilir:Programlanan bir durumun balang ve bitiini belirtirken gelecek zaman ifade ediyor olmamza karn Simple Present Tense kullanlr. Bir toplantnn, konferansn, futbol mann v.s balang ve bitii, bir otobsn, uan, trenin v.s kalk var rnek olarak verilebilir. Bu sorularn gelecek zamanla karmasn nlemek iin zneye bakabiliriz. zne cansz olduunda simple present tense, insan olduunda gelecek zaman tercih edebiliriz.
rnek Soru
The conference __ (start) at 2 oclock tomorrow.A) is going to start B) is startingC) will start D) starts
zm
Konferans yarn saat 2de balayacak ifadesi gelecek zaman gstermesine ramen Simple Present Tense kullanlmaldr nk timetable ifade edilmektedir yani konferansn balang zaman belirtilmektedir. Fakat Ben yarn saat 2de konferansa katlacam cmlesi Im going to attend the conference at 2 tomorrow eklinde ifade edilmektedir.
Cevap: D
BE GOING TO / WILL
Planlanm olan eyler be going to ile ifade edilir. Annda karar will ile ifade edilir.Planlanm Eylem:I have bought some bricks. I am going to build a house.
Annda karar:A: The telephone is ringing.
B: Dont worry. I will answer it.
Kant verilmise be going to kullanlr.There is a huge crack on the wall. It is going to fall down.
Kanlmazlk (will)The accidents will happen.
What will be will be.
Promise / hope will ile kullanlr.I promise I will come back.
Kararllk (will)I will pass the exam.
12
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE / SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Perfect Tense bitmi bir zamandr. (ya zaman verilmez ya da ayn zaman dilimi kullanlr.)
rnek
I have painted the wall. (Duvar boyadm.)
I painted the wall at 2 oclock. (Duvar saat 2de boyadm.)
I have seen this film (this year.) (Bu filmi (bu yl) grdm.
I saw this film in January. (Bu filmi ocakta grdm.)
I opened the door 2 minutes ago. (Kapy iki dakika nce atm.)
I have just opened the door. (Kapy henz atm.)
Perfect Tense Simple Past Tense ile kullanlan zamanlar: ile kullanlan zamanlar: lately yesterday
recently ago
so far last year/week
up to now at 2 oclock
until now in September
just /already/yet in 1992
over 2 years prehistoric times
in the last 2 years ancient times
for / since for / since
Perfect Tense kullanmn iki ekilde dnmeliyiz. For ve Since ifadelerinin kullanld ve for ve since ifadelerinin kullanlmad Perfect Tense
Perfect tense for ve since olmadan kullanlmadnda yaptm, kullanldnda yapyorum eklinde evrilir.
Present Perfect Tense (for/since)
I have painted the wall. I have painted the wall for two hours.(Duvar boyadm.) (Duvar 2 saattir boyuyorum.)
I painted the wall at 2. I am painting the wall.(Duvar saat 2de boyadm) (Duvar boyuyorum.)
rnek
I have painted the wall for two hours. (ki saattir duvar boyuyorum.)
I am painting the wall. (Duvar boyuyorum.)
Bu rneklerden de anlald gibi yapyor olduumuz bir olayn srecini belirtmediimizde present continuous tense, srecini belirttiimizde present perfect tense kullanmalyz.
13
FOR / SINCE KULLANIMI:Belli bir zaman kullanldnda since, bir zaman okluu belirtildiinde for kullanlmaldr. Since den beri, for dr diye cevrilebilir.
FOR SINCE 2 hours 2 oclock a year 1992 a long time September the last week last week my birthday I was born
Bu zaman ifadelerinin kullanlmasna ilaveten ayrca sinceden sonra tam cmle gelebilir. Tam cmle geldiinde aada belirtilen forml uygulanr:
Pr. Perfect + since + S. PastS. Past + and ever since + Pr. Perfect
I havent seen him since he went to stanbul. (stanbula gittiinden beri onu grmedim.)
He went to stanbul and ever since I havent seen him.(stanbula gitti ve o zamandan beri onu grmedim.)
For, simple past tense ile de kullanlr, fakat eylem bitmitir. I have smoked for two years. (2 yldr sigara iiyorum.)
I smoked for two years, but I gave up smoking. (2 yl sigara itim fakat braktm.)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEPRESENT PERFECT TENSE /
I have lived in stanbul for 2 years.I have been living in stanbul for 2 years.
I have lived in stanbul for 2 years. (ki yldr stanbulda yayorum.)
I have been living in stanbul for 2 years. (ki yldr stanbulda yayorum.)
rneklerden anlalaca gibi bu iki tense arasnda anlam fark yoktur. Bu iki tense birbiri yerine kullanlabilir, fakat iki nemli fark vardr:
1. Kere, kez, say kullanldnda Perfect Cont. Tense kullanlmaz.
2. Anlk fiiller Perfect Cont. Tense ile kullanlmaz.
Kere, kez, say kullanldnda Perfect Cont. Tense kullanlmaz.I have been cleaning the house for 3 hours. (Her iki tense de kullanlabilir)I have cleaned 2 rooms for 3 hours. (Perfect continuous kullanlamaz)
I have been reading book for 2 hours. (Her iki tense de kullanlabilir)I have read 5 pages for 2 hours. (Perfect continuous kullanlamaz)
I have been playing tennis for 5 years. (Her iki tense de kullanlabilir)I have won championship once. (Perfect continuous kullanlamaz)
14
Anlk fiiller Perfect Cont. Tense ile kullanlmaz.I have broken the window.
Elimizde kant varsa Perfect Cont. Tense kullanlr.My hands are dirty. I have been playing in the garden.
Throughout, all day gibi ifadelerde Perfect Cont. Tense kullanlr. I have been playing tennis all day.
PAST PERFECT TENSE / SIMPLE PAST TENSE
After I had drunk coffee, I went out.
Past Perfect Tense gemiteki iki olaydan birincisini ifade eder ve genellikle bir balala kullanlr.
After + had V3 + did / After did + did
After I had cleaned the house, I drank coffee. ya da After I cleaned the house, I drank coffee.Before + did + had V3 / Before did +didBefore I drank coffee, I had cleaned the house.ya da Before I drank coffee, I cleaned the house.After ve before balalar anlam olarak kendi sralamasn yapt iin after had V3 + did ya da after did + did de kullanlabilir. kisi arasnda anlam fark yoktur. Ayn koul before iin de geerlidir.
When did + did When did + had
When George came home, Jack went out.(George eve geldiinde, Jack dar kt)
When George came home, Jack had gone out.(George eve geldiinde, Jack dar kmt)
ki cmle arasnda anlam fark bulunmaktadr. Birinci cmlede George geldiinde Jack kt yani George Jacki grd. Oysa ikinci cmlede George eve geldiinde Jack kmt yani George Jacki grmedi.
I noticed that I had lost my keys. (Anahtarlarm kaybettiimi fark ettim.)
Bu cmlede past perfect kullanlmasnn nedeni fark ettiimiz bir olayn daha nce olmu olmas gerekmesidir.
Bydan sonra gemi zaman kullanldnda past perfect tense kullanlr.By 1450, people had used hand tools. (1450ye kadar insanlar el aletleri kullandlar.)
15
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE $ WILL BE Ving (yapyor olacam)
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE $ WILL HAVE DONE (yapm olacam)
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE $ WILL HAVE BEEN DOING (yapyor olacam)
At this time tomorrow / At this time next year gibi zaman ifadeleri ile future continuous tense kullanlr.
rnek
At this time tomorrow, I will be studying English.(Yarn bu zamanlar ngilizce alyor olacam)
By zaman ifadesinden sonra gelecek zaman bulunduunda future perfect tense kullanlr.
rnek
By September, I will have passed the exam.
(Eylle kadar snavdan gemi olacam)
By zaman ifadesinden sonra gelecek zaman ile birlikte for kullanldnda future perfect continuous tense kullanlr.
rnek
By September, I will have been studying English for 2 months.(Eylle kadar iki aydr ngilizce alyor olacam.)
will have been Ving for ile kullanlmaldr.
Top Related