Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 1
Mobility
Intelligent MobilityMobility Systems or
Intelligent Transport Systems
Electronics and Information Technologies for Mobility Systems
Alberto Ramos da Cunha
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 2
Plan
• IT devices in mobility environments
• IT trends
• Primitive functions of IMS (Intelligent Mobility Systems)• Detection and identification of people and equipment (vehicles)
• Traffic command and control
• Navigation
• Safety and accident prevention
• Real-time information
• Information management, decision support systems
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 3
MobilityPersonal devices
• People, goods and equipments (namely vehicles) are entities which move or are moved
• Mobile or personal devices are a becoming an ubiquitous way of identification and communication– Examples: smart cards, RFID tags, smart phones
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 4
MobilityEmbedded systems
• Embedded systems are electronic systems included in other (larger) systems
• Automotive – Safety, security, energy management, comfort
– Examples: Engine management, ABS, stability control, parking sensors, navigation, on-board entertainment (audio/video), driver monitoring
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 5
MobilityIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
• Command, control and monitoring systems covering a wide-area, an infrastructure, or an organisation – Early warning and response to incidents
– Operations management
• Examples: Fleet management (automatic vehicle location), dynamic signals, real-time driver/passenger information systems, tolling
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 6
IT trends
• Computing power is closely related with the evolution of microelectronics technologies– Active devices on a circuit increase 55% per year
– Memory capacity doubles each 1,5 to 2 years
• Communications bandwidth– On local area networks increased an order of magnitude in 5 years
• These are steady trends from the 1970s
Embedded intelligence is here to stay
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 7
Building-block technologies
• Sensors (energy, speed, accelerations, vibrations, orientation, light, rain, proximity, vital signs)
• Detection and identification (RF/ID, image processing)
• Local communications (automotive buses, proximity networks) and mobile communications
• Information systems
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 8
Detection and Identification
People and vehicles are identified with different technologiesPeople• Identification through a personal device (a smart card, a
NFC mobile phone)Vehicle – Infrastructure (Road)• Detection and identification through a identifier (RFID or
Dedicated Short Range Communication) or by image capture and processing
Vehicle – Vehicle • Detection by ultrasounds, radars and intelligent networks
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 9
Person identification
Transport cards
A transport card is a personal electronic device with the following features
• Low transaction time ( 150 ms)
• Simple user interface
• Logic security
• Reduced cost
• Capacity to support new services
Contactless card
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 10
Lisboa Viva card
• Microprocessor contactless card– Double interface (with and
without contact)– Multi-services
• Contactless validators
• E-ticket – Small cost and reusable electronic “paper” ticket
• Universal data model
22
44
44
33
Link Consulting, OTLIS
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 11
Vehicle identification
There are several techniques to identify vehicles, requiring different levels of vehicle and roadside equipments:
• With pre-defined channels RF antennas and identifiers (DSRC)
Via Verde, Electronic License Plate
• With open control points Image processingLondon Congestion Charging
• Open space Satellite-based location and mobile communications
Fleet management systems
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 12
Vehicle identification
ID channels Dedicated Non dedicated Open
Radio-frequency Image recognition Satellite based location
Onboard equipament
Identifier - Identifier and mobile communications
Detection Explicit Non explicit Non explicit
Detection complexity Small Large Large
Application flexibility
Reduced Reasonable:•License plates•Infractions
Reasonable:•Navigation•Tracking
Example Via Verde London Congestion Charging
Fleet management stystems
Virtual tolling
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 13
Vehicle identification by DSRC
• Road tolling• Access control to restricted areas• Parking
• Proprietary schemes will evolve to future Electronic License Plate standard
© Brisa, EMEL
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 14
London Congestion Charging
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 15
AVL systems (1/2)Carris example
© Carris, Tecmic
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 16
AVL systems (2/2)Carris example
© Carris, Tecmic
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 17
Real-time user information
Inform the user about the services and infrastructures available and of their status
• Dynamic information panels
• Personal devices or vehicle terminals– Information and “alarmistics” on the mobile phone
SMS Carris service
– Radio Data System – Traffic Message Channel
• Internet (or mobile Internet)http://www.iestradas.pt/trafego/images
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 18
Information processing
Data collection from automatic detection and identification enables
• Real-time control of a system• To know the patterns of utilisation of a system and
to anticipate future demands
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 19
Information processing
Ex: Transport mode with a closed network
1. Card + Validator Validation record
2. Validation record Station server
3. Station server Operator server
Entry Exit
4. Operator server Intermodal server
Exit at Operator A Entry at Operator B
...
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 20
Information processing
Operational systems• Infraction detection (excess speed, unauthorised parking, reserved
lanes, etc.)• Real-time information to users• Route planning
Management systems• Driver behaviour• Fleet management (maintenance, costs control)• Mobility patterns – Origin/Destination matrices • Financial clearing• Payment of services and tolling
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 21
The future
• More safety– Location, detection and early warning of hazards
– Driver monitoring
• More security– Vehicle tracking
• More comfort – Real-time information and integrated navigation
– Virtual tolling
• More flexible services– Car sharing
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 22
The futureGPS/EGNOS
Regional CC
Telecom Satelite
Road SideEquipmentRegional
CC
GPS/EGNOS
Satelite Link
Telecom Telecom
Satelite Link
NavigationTerminal © INOV
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 23
Intelligent environment
“BMW ConnectedDrive seeks to intelligently network the driver with his car and the surroundings, thus making road traffic safer, more efficient, and more comfortable”
BMW
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 24
Electronic and information technologies
• Will became ubiquitous in our hands, cars, roads and cities
• Are powerfool tools to increase our knowledge of the mobility patterns of motorised and non-motorised people
• Can be integrated in large Intelligent Mobility Systems which, if properly build and driven will contribute to improve our quality of life
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Oct 2009 Alberto R. Cunha 25
Mobility
Intelligent Transport Systemsor
Intelligent MobilityMobility Systems
Electronics and Information Technologies for Mobility Systems
Alberto Ramos da Cunha
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