1. Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis Tetor 2010 FORUMI
SIGURI pr
2. Copyrights. Asnj pjes ngakypublikimnuk mund t
riprodhohetapot ndryshohet palejen e botuesit. Mendimet e shprehura
me shkrim apo n publikimet elektronike jan t Forumit pr Siguri dhe
nuk prfaqsojn pikpamjet eSaferworld, eastqeverisgjermane dhe
britanike . Forumi pr Siguri (FS) sht themeluar n qershor t vitit
2010 me iniciativn e dy organizatave vendore, Forumi pr Iniciativa
Qytetare (FIQ) dhe Qendra Kosovare pr Studime t Siguris (KCSS),
mbshtetur nga Saferworld si pjes e programit Vendi i Sigurt,
financuar nga qeveria gjermane dhe britanike. FS do t shrbej si
platform pr organizatat e shoqris civile, mediat, akademikt,
studentt dhe institucionet pr t diskutuar shtjet kye t siguris dhe
pr t shkmbyer e zhvilluar prvojat dhe praktikat mt miran
fushnesigurisnKosov. Ky publikim i par i FS ngrit disa dilema
lidhur me aspektet kye q i karakterizojn vshtirsit n sektorin e
siguris. Ky sht vetm fillimi i aktiviteteve t FS, ngase parashihen
aktivitete t tjera hulumtuesedhedebatuesent ardhmen.
EkipihulumtuesiFS-s:
ValdrinGrainca,koordinatoriForumitprSiguridhehulumtues,FIQ
SkenderPrteshi,koordinatoriForumitprSiguridhehulumtues,KCSS
Florentina Hajdari,zyrtare e ForumitprSiguri
3. Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis I.
Hyrje............1-11 II. Historik i shkurtr i institucioneve
vendore t siguris (1999 2008)................11-14 Shrbimi Policor
i Kosovs Trupat Mbrojtse t Kosovs (TMK) III. Historik i shkurtr i
institucioneve vendore t siguris
(2008-)..........................14-21 Kshilli i Siguris s Kosovs
(KSK) Policia e Kosovs (PK) Forca e Siguris s Kosovs (FSK) Agjencia
e Kosovs pr Inteligjenc (AKI) IV. Vshtrim..21-27 V.
Literatura......27-30 Prmbajtja 2
4. 1. AKI- Agjencia e Kosovs pr Inteligjenc 2. AME -Agjencioni
pr Menaxhimin e Emergjencave 3. CFPI- Korniza Kushtetuese e Kosovs
4. DME- Departamenti pr Menaxhimin e Emergjencave 5. FIQ - Forumi
pr Iniciativa Qytetare 6. EULEX- Misioni i Unionit Evropian pr
Sundimin e Ligjit 7. IPK- Inspektorati Policor 8. IPVK-
Institucionet e Prkohshme Vetqeverisse n Kosov 9. ISSR- Rishikimi i
Sektorit t Siguris s Brendshme 10. KFOR- Misioni Paqeruajts i
NATO-s n Kosov 10. KSK- Kshilli i Siguris s Kosovs 11. KK- Kuvendi
i Kosovs 12. MFSK- Ministria e Forcs s Siguris s Kosovs 13. MPB-
Ministria e Punve t Brendshme 14. MIK- Menaxhimi i Integruar i
Kufirit 15. NATO-Aleanca Veri-Atlantike 16. OSBE- Organizata pr
Siguri dhe Bashkpunim n Evrop 17. PK- Policia e Kosovs 18. QS-
Qendra e Situatave 19. QKSS- Qendra Kosovare pr Studime t Siguris
20. SHPK- Shrbimi Policor i Kosovs 21. SSR- Reformimi i Sektorit t
Siguris 22. TMK- Trupat Mbrojtse t Kosovs 23. UK- Ushtria lirimtare
e Kosovs 24. BE- Bashkimi Evropian 25. UNDP- Programi i Kombeve t
Bashkuara pr Zhvillim 26. UNMIK- Misioni i Kombeve t Bashkuara n
Kosov 27. ZKTMK- Zyra e Koordinatorit t Trupave Mbrojtse t Kosovs 3
Lista e shkurtesave Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis
5. Ky raport synon t ofroj nj vlersim t shkurtr lidhur me
zhvillimin e institucioneve t siguris n Kosov, duke krahasuar rolin
dhe prgjegjsit e tyre gjat periudhs s UNMIK-ut me periudhn e
pas-shpalljes s pavarsis. Konstatimet e dhna n raport bazohen n baz
t nj metodologjie t vlersimit kualitativ q prek aspektet e
konsolidimit t kapaciteteve t institucioneve t siguris, si dhe
sfidat n zbatimin e kushtetushmris dhe ligjshmris, duke vn
npahrolineinstitucioneve t siguris. 1. Mungesa e zbatimit t rendit
dhe t ligjit n tr territorin e Kosovs vazhdon t mbetet
sfidakryesoreprinstitucionete qeverissKosovsdhebashksisndrkombtare;
2. Institucionet e siguris nuk kan gatishmrin dhe mungon nj vizion
i duhur pr marrjene prgjegjsivensektorine sigurisnga
praniandrkombtare; 3. Mbikqyrja parlamentare dhe demokratike e
institucioneve t siguris sht n fazn fillestaret zhvillimit; 4.
Reformimi i Policis s Kosovs (PK) mund t ngec si rezultat i
ndrhyrjeve politike dhedobsive subjektive; 5. Operacionalizimi i
Forcs s Siguris s Kosovs (FSK) dhe Agjensionit t Kosovs pr
Inteligjenc (AKI) nuk sht duke shkuar sipas parashikimeve dhe
dinamiks s parapar; 6. Nj pjes e konsiderueshme e legjislacionit
sht miratuar, mirpo implementimi mbetet njfakt shqetsues.Kanmbetur
edhedisaligjet rndsishmet pamiratuara. Prmbledhje ekzekutive T
gjeturat kryesore 4 Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis
6. Institucionet kosovare t siguris nuk kan zhvilluar
kapacitetet e nevojshme pr t ofruar siguri pr t gjith qytetart e
Kosovs. Ashtu si ky raport n brendi do t shtjelloj shkurtimisht,
arsyet e moskonsolidimit t sektorit t siguris vijn si rezultat i nj
politike t 'prkohshme' t UNMIK-ut ku investimet n periudhn e para
shpalljes s pavarsis nuk reflektojn nevojat e tanishme pr ofrimin e
siguris n Kosov. Pr m shum, zhvillimi i sektorit t siguris ka qen
peng kryesor i mosdefinimit t statusit t Kosovs pr shkak t
ndrlidhjes s institucioneve t siguris me atribute shtet-formuese.
Ndr vshtirsit tjera q ndikuan n zhvillimin e ktij sektori kishin t
bnin me nivelin e ult t zhvillimit ekonomik dhe
meimplikimeteqarqeve lokalepolitike dhet individve nformsiminektij
sektori. Me shpalljen e pavarsis s Kosovs me 17 Shkurt 2008,
arkitektura e siguris pasqyroi institucione t reja, si dhe u shtrua
nevoja pr reformimin e mekanizmave ekzistues. Politikat e reja t
siguris prfshijn shum ndryshime t reja legjislative duke vn
prgjegjsi m t madhe mbi institucionet vendore. N baz t Kushtetuts
dhe ligjeve n fuqi, siguria u b pjes e politik-brjes s
institucioneve vendore. Mirpo, rritja e prgjegjsive t
institucioneve vendore shtroi dilema mbi vizionin dhe strategjin q
duhej ndjekur pr zhvillimin e kapaciteteve t institucioneve vendore
t siguris. Disa nga kto dilema kan t bjn me dykuptimsit lidhur me
rolin e prezencs ndrkombtare e n veanti mandatin e EULEX-it,
sidomos n veri t vendit dhe mungesa e prvojs n ndrtimin e shtetit
dhe institucioneve publike. Pikrisht kto dilema, shtrojn nevojn e
vlersimit t kapacitetit planifikues dhe operacionalt institucioneve
prt ofruarsiguriprqytetart eKosovs. Pr m shum, pr zhvillimin e
mtutjeshm t institucioneve t siguris sht e nevojshme t shtjellohen
politikat dhe aspektet konceptuale mbi bazn e s cils jan ndrtuar
ato, duke shqyrtuar edhe prvojat e vendeve tjera. Kjo sidomos, duke
marr parasysh sfidat n rrugn e konsolidimit t shtetit dhe proceseve
integruese q Kosova ka prpara. N kt duhet t merret parasysh edhe
zhvillimi i kapacitetit pr vlersimin gjithprfshirs t krcnimeve dhe
rreziqevendajKosovsdheqytetarve t saj,meqnsenjgjetill endenuk sht
br. Edhe pse nuk sht tem shtjellimi vlersimi i krcnimeve dhe
rreziqeve ndaj vendit, vlen t theksohet se disa raporte kan
evidentuar pranin e korrupsionit, krimit t organizuar, paknaqsive
lidhur me zhvillimin ekonomik dhe numrin e lart t papunsis, pranin
e strukturave paralele dhe situatn n veri si disa ndr krcnimet m t
mdha ndaj vendit dhe qytetarve t saj. Ktu nuk bn pa e prmendur edhe
mungesn e perspektivs q lidhet me izolimintotal t Kosovsnprocesine
liberalizimit t vizave.. I. Hyrje Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas
pavarsis 5
7. FlorianQehaja,SecurityPolicyofKosovon
SecurityPoliciesinWestern Balkan,EditedbyM.Hadzic, M.Timotic,P.
Petrovic,Center forCivil-MilitaryRelations,Beograd,faqe81-86.
10shtator 2010. 1 2 Nse shikohet sektori i siguris n aspekt
kronologjik, dallohen dy periudha kryesore: periudha gjat
qeverisjes nga UNMIK-u (1999 2008), me nj tranzicion t shkurtr
(2005 2008) , dhe periudha pas-pavarsis. Nga studimet e
deritanishme sht br vetm dallim kronologjik bazuar n ndryshimet
legjislative, e me kt edhe t autoritetit dhe mandatit. Megjithat,
nuk ka pasurdallimkonceptualderinditt esotme. N prgjithsi, nse
vlersojm konsolidimin e sektorit t siguris n ditt e sotme, ather
prgjigja do t ishte se jan br hapat fillestar, mirpo procesi i
prgjithshm i konsolidimit institucional ka qen i ngatht dhe me shum
mangsi. Legjislacionisht miratuar kryesisht n pakonvitin 2008,
porzbatimi mbetet sfidkryesore. Ky raport sht br si rezultat i nj
pune t hulumtuesve n nj periudh dy mujore (15 Gusht 15 Tetor 2010).
Metodologjia e prdorur sht bazuar n metodn e hulumtimit kualitativ.
Prve intervistave, pjes prbrse jan edhe analizat e ndryshme,
strategjit e institucioneve t siguris, qndrimet zyrtare t shprehura
n media, si dhe nj literatur e gjer nga fusha e siguris. Metod kye
ka qen edhe observimi me pjesmarrje si rezultat i vlersimeve t her
pas hershme t hulumtuesve n FS dhe pjesmarrjes me observim n
procese t ndryshme n lidhjemesigurinn vend. Pjesa e par shtjellon
shkurtimisht institucionet e siguris gjat kohs s UNMIK-ut. Do t
prezentohen brja e politikave, vendimeve, dhe qllimi i themelimit t
institucioneve. Si fokus jan dy institucione vendore: Shrbimi
Policor i Kosovs (SHPK) dhe Trupat Mbrojtse t Kosovs (TMK). Pjesa e
dyt do t shtjelloj insitucionet e siguris pas shpalljes s pavarsis
me theks shtjellimi natyrn e institucioneve, hartimin e politikave
dhe sfidat me t cilat ballafaqohen kto t fundit. Pjes e shqyrtimit
do t jen Kshilli i Siguris s Kosovs (KSK), Policia e Kosovs (PK),
Forca e Siguris s Kosovs (FSK), dhe Agjensioni i Kosovs pr
Intelegjenc(AKI),institucionekto q
parashihenshprehimishtmeKushtetut. 1 2 Sektori i siguris n Kosov
pas pavarsis 6
8. Me vendosjen e UNMIK-ut dhe fillimin e administrimit
ndrkombtar n Kosov, u prcaktua edhe struktura e institucioneve t
siguris. Dokumentet baz ishin Rezoluta 1244 e Kshillit t Sigurimit
dhe Korniza Kushtetuese pr Institucionet e Prkohshme t
Vet-qeverisjes. Prmes ktyre dokumenteve, si ofrues t siguris
njiheshin KFOR dhe Policia e UNMIK-ut. Rezoluta 1244 i atribuonte
prgjegjsin n fushn e siguris UNMIK-ut dhe NATO-s si zbatues t ktyre
prgjegjsive. Kjo rezolut autorizonte UNMIK-un q t themeloj forcat
vendore t policis. Kshtu, UNMIK themeloi Shrbimin Policor t Kosovs.
M von, n baz t Kornizs Kushtetuese, Kapitulli VI, si institucione t
'ruajtjes s rendit dhe ligjit' prcaktohej edhe SHPK , q pr objektiv
kishte parandalimin e krimit dhe mbrojtjen publike, dhe sigurin nga
shtjet me natyr aksidentale (shembull: aksidentet n trafik). SHPK
ishte nn autoritetin e Prfaqsuesit Special t Sekretarit t
Prgjithshm (PSSP) dhe mbikqyrej nga Policia e UNMIK-ut. Nn
prgjegjsin e institucioneve vendore mbeti kryesisht zhvillimi dhe
implementimi i strategjis pr planifikim t emergjencave dhe
mbrojtjes civile, si dhe drejtimi dhe bashkrendimi i shrbimeve t
shptimit dhe zjarrfiksve . Kjo e fundit parashihej t bhej n
bashkpunimmeqeverit komunale. Q n vitin 1999 strategjia e UNMIK-ut
n fushn e siguris kishte pr qllim krijimin e strukturave pr zbatim
t ligjit dhe krijimin e 'shpejt' t nj shrbimi policor . Pr t
arritur kto synime u vendosn tri faza . Faza e par karakterizohej
me rolin e KFOR-it n ofrimin e siguris dhe rendit publik deri n
vendosjen e personelit t UNMIK-ut. Po n kt faz, mendohej t vendosej
policia civile (1800), dhjet njsi speciale (115 persona pr seciln),
dhe policia kufitare (205 persona) . Faza e dyt, karakterizohej me
bartjen e prgjegjsive n ruajtjen e rendit dhe siguris publike nga
KFOR-i tek Policia e UNMIK-ut. Po ashtu, zhvillimi i nj shrbimi
policor profesional ishte pjes e ksaj faze. Objektivat kryesore
ishin trajnimi i policis vendore nn prkujdesjen e policis civile t
UNMIK-ut dhe OSBE-s. Ndrkaq, faza e tret kishte t bnte me
transferimin gradual t prgjegjsive nga Policia e UNMIK-ut tek SHPK.
Nj transferim i ktill nuk mendohejedheprnjsitereagimit t
shpejtdheatyre t specializuara. Faza e tret e strategjis s siguris
q kishte pr qllim transferimin e prgjegjsive fillon t zbatohet vetm
n vitin 2005. Transferimi i prgjegjsive u b n dy pista: e para,
themelimi i Ministris s Punve t Brendshme (MPB) dhe transferimi i
prgjegjsive mbi inspektimin e puns s policis prmes krijimit t
Inspektoratit Policor t Kosovs (IPK). Pista e dyt ishte ri-
organizimiistrukturaveorganizative brendaSHPK-s. II. Historik i
shkurtr i institucioneve vendore t siguris (1999 2008) Shrbimi
Policor i Kosovs 3 4 5 6 7 KornizaKushtetuesepr Vet-Qeverisjet
Prkohshme. Ibid,faqe15. SRGReportto the UNSCJuly 12, f12.
SRGReportto the UNSCJuly 12, faq12. Ibid. 3 4 5 6 7 Sektori i
siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis 7
9. Me t drejt, hulumtimet e organizatave vendore dhe
ndrkombtare lidhur me perceptimin publik identifikonin SHPK-n si nj
ndr institucionet me besueshmri m t lart, duke theksuar nevojn e
prmirsimit t mtutjeshm, n mnyr q SHPK t zhvillohej n nj forc
moderne dhe profesionale, e cila do t garantonte siguri pr t gjith
banort e Kosovs Kapitulli i VII-t i Kornizs Kushtetuese e
prcaktonte TMK-n si nj organizat e emergjencave civilepr ndrhyrjen
raste t nevojspr siguri pr shtjetmenatyr aksidentale, publike dhe
ndihm humanitare, nn kompetenc t rezervuar t Prfaqsuesit Special t
Kombeve t Bashkuara . TMK u prcaktua si nj organizat pr emergjenca
civile, duke punsuar 3.052 pjestar aktiv dhe 2.000 rezervist.
Prgjithsisht, personeli i saj ka qen i prbr nga ish- pjestart e
Ushtris lirimtare t Kosovs (UK). TMK i nnshtrohej kontrollit strikt
t KFOR- it dheUNMIK-utprmesZyrssKoordinatoritt TMK-s. Kjo organizat
ishte modeluar sipas Securite Civile t Francs. Mandati i TMK-s
ishte prgatitja pr emergjenc si: ofrimi i ndihms n rast t
fatkeqsive natyrore ose njerzore, deminimi, detyra ceremoniale dhe
ndihma humanitare, edhe pse shum pjestar t UNMIK-ut dhe KFOR-it
pranonin se TMK kishte stilin organizativ t nj ushtrie . Trajnimet
fillimisht bheshin nga Organizata
NdrkombtareprMigrim(IOM),pastajnga KFORdheUNMIK. N kuadr t mandatit
t saj TMK merrej me parada n ceremonit e prvjetorve, deminim, ri-
ndrtim, dhe prgatitje pr rastet emergjente, si fatkeqsit natyrore.
Prkundr ktij mandati, TMK kontrollohej nga UNMIK dhe KFOR.
Institucionet e Prkohshme si Asambleja e Kosovs nuk kishin ndonj
mandat mbi TMK-n. Me kt edhe mbikqyrja demokratike mbi kt
institucion nuk ekzistonte, pasi q Komisioni pr shtje t
Emergjencave nuk kishte asnj lloj mbikqyrjejendajTMK-s. Pas
shpalljes s pavarsis, kushtetuta dhe aktet tjera ligjore reflektuan
institucione t reja t siguris. N fakt, krkohej themelimi dhe
konsolidimi i Kshillit t Siguris s Kosovs (KSK), FSK-sdheAKI-tn
njrnan,dhereformimitt policisnann tjetr. .
TrupatMbrojtsetKosovs(TMK)
III.Historikishkurtriinstitucionevevendoretsiguris(2008) 8 9 10 8
Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis PoliciminKosov,FIQ
dheSaferword2008 KornizaKushtetuese,Kapitulli VII,faqe16. ICG2000,
11 8 9 10
10. KshilliiSigurissKosovs Kshilli i Siguris s Kosovs (KSK) u
themelua pas shpalljes s pavarsis, n pajtim me ligjet t cilat
rrjedhin nga Pakoja eAhtisarit, si pjes e arkitekturs s re t
Sektorit t Siguris n Kosov. Pjes prbrse e kshillit jan aktert ky t
vendit q ndrlidhen me sektorin e siguris si dhe sektorve tjer . Ky
kshill ka rol kshilldhns dhe vlersues n hartimin e politikave, si
dhe shqyrtonlegjislacioninq ndrlidhetmesektorine sigurisn vend. Me
fjal te tjera, n baz t legjislacionit aktual, roli i KSK-se sht
kshillues, diskutues, vlersues dhe rekomandues sa i prket shtjeve t
siguris, prve n rast t gjendjes s jashtzakonshme roli i t cilit sht
ekzekutues . Detyr e KSK-s sht edhe t analizoj politikn pr siguri t
jashtme, si dhe t analizoj t gjitha traktatet dhe marrveshjet
ndrkombtare t cilat Republika e Kosovs i nnshkruan me shtetet e
tjera . Poashtu, KSK sht i obliguar t kshilloj Presidentin dhe
Qeverin e Kosovs mbi prfshirjen e agjencive t siguris jasht vendit,
si ishte rasti i intervenimit t FSK-s n Shqipri q ndihmuan n
evakuimin e qytetarve nga prmbytjet q ndodhn n fillim t vitit 2010.
KSK udhhiqet nga kryeministri i vendit dhe ai i kryeson mbledhjet e
KSK-s, ndrsa rendi i dits caktohet nga sekretariati. KSK, pr t qen
sa m i informuar rreth gjendjes s siguris n vend, mbshtetet nga
Qendra e Situatave, e cila ofron informata t shpejta rreth gjendjes
s siguris n vend, si dhe koordinon t gjitha aktivitetet
operacionale n tr vendin. Ky institucion sht i obliguar t merr
informacione nga t gjith aktert relevant, e n veanti nga Forca e
Siguris s Kosovs, (FSK) Policiae Kosovs,(PK).. Departamenti i
Menaxhimit t Emergjencave, sht pjes e Ministris s Punve t Brendshme
(MPB-s) dhe autoriteti m i lart prgjegjs pr hartimin dhe realizimin
e t gjitha politikave dhe strategjive pr gatishmrin emergjente n
bashkpunim me institucionet tjera. Ky departamentshtindarn tre
sektor,t ciltikoordinojnveprimetetyre . 14 11 12 13 Kshilli i
Siguris s Kosovs prbhet prej antarve t mposhtm n cilsin e antarve t
prhershm me autoritet ekzekutiv:a) Kryeministri; b) Zvends
Kryeministri(at); c) Ministri pr Forcn e Siguris s Kosovs, ose n
munges t tij apo saj, ZvendsMinistri(at); d) Ministri i Punve t
Jashtme, ose n munges t tij apo saj Zvends Ministri; e) Ministri i
Punve t Brendshme, ose n munges t tij apo saj Zvends Ministri; f)
Ministri i Drejtsis, ose n munges t tij apo saj Zvends Ministri; g)
Ministri i Ekonomis dhe Financave, ose n munges t tij apo saj
Zvends Ministri;h) Ministri pr Kthim dhe Komunitete, ose n munges t
tij apo saj Zvends Ministri. Nj prfaqsues i Presidentit t Republiks
s Kosovs; b) drejtorin e Agjencis s Kosovs pr Inteligjenc; c)
kshilltarin e lart t Kryeministrit; d) kshilltarin e Kryeministrit
pr Siguri, e) drejtorin e Prgjithshm t Policis s Kosovs; f)
komandantin e Forcs s Siguris t Kosovs; g) sekretarin e Kshillit t
Siguris s Kosovs; h) drejtorin e Departamentit pr Menaxhimin e
Emergjencave n Ministrin e Punve t Brendshme; i) drejtorii Doganave
t Republiks sKosovs. LigjiiKSK Neni1-Misionii KSK-s Ibid: Shih:
Vlersimi i Sektorit t Siguris n Republikn e Kosovs Gjendja e
Mbrojtjs Civile dhe Gatishmris Emergjente n Republikn e
Kosovs-QKSSDhjetor2009 11 12 13 14 Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas
pavarsis 9
11. N nivelin lokal sektori i emergjencave sht i organizuar,
por sht evidentuar q gatishmria dhe kapaciteti i tyre pr t'u
ballafaquar me rastet emergjente sht i kufizuar . do komun e ka
drejtorin dhe sektorin pr mbrojtje dhe shptim. Varsisht prej rndsis
q jepet, disa komuna e kan t themeluar si drejtori, kurse disa
tjera e kan t themeluar si njsi e drejtoris pr shrbime publike.
Numri i stafit i cili punon n sektorin e emergjencave nuk sht i
mjaftueshm. Kur ksaj i shtojm edhe mungesn e stimulimit t
mjaftueshm t ktyre punonjsve dhe prgatitjes jo t mir profesionale,
ather edhe efikasiteti i institucioneve t emergjencave mund t jet
mjaft i brisht . S fundmi, sht themeluar edhe Agjencioni pr
Menaxhimin e Emergjencave Edhe aktivitetet e aktorve tjer jan mjaft
t ndrlidhura me menaxhimin e emergjencave n Kosov, si Forca e
Siguris s Kosovs dhe Policia e Kosovs, t ciltn rastt katastrofave
natyrore aporastetjera emergjente,ikoordinojnaktivitetet e tyre.
Nga ndryshimi i statusit t Kosovs, edhe policia ndryshoi fokusin
dhe objektivat e saj duke filluar nga emri. Tani, Policia e Kosovs
n baz t Kushtetuts dhe Ligjit mbi Policin, ka detyrat n mbrojtjen e
jets, siguris dhe prons, t drejtat dhe lirit themelore, parandalim
rreziku etj . Poashtu, prmes strategjive t ndryshme dhe proceseve
integruese, prgjegjsia e PK-s u shtua edhe n fushat t specializuara
si hetimi i krimeve ekonomike dhe financiare, luftimi i
terrorizmit, luftimi i trafikimit me njerz etj. Q nga shpallja e
pavarsis, Policia e Kosovs u ballafaqua me vshtirsi n rrafshin
praktik. Kapacitetet e saj dhe prvoja nuk ishin t mjaftueshme pr
t'u ballafaquar me realitetin e ri. Ligji i Policis, i cili hyri n
fuqi n mesin e vitit 2008, e bn t obligueshme reformimin e
strukturave t policis. Mbi t gjitha, ky ligj siguron nj kontroll
civil t policis, duke qen e drejtuar dhe menagjuar nga MPB,
prcakton t drejtat e policve n arritjen e standardeve evropiane,
prcakton nj zinxhir t qart komandues, dhe n mnyr specifike adreson
funksionalitetin e stacioneve lokale t policis n zonat ku popullsia
shqiptare nuk sht shumic . Nevoja pr ndryshime t mdha e bn kt faz
nj ndr proceset m t rndsishme t reformimit t PK-s, pasi q sht hera
e par q kjo organizat innshtrohet mbikqyrjespublike t
institucioneve vendoredheshoqriscivile. Nj pjes e zyrtarve t PK-s
nuk kan prgatitje adekuate profesionale . Menaxhimi dhe
mosefikasiteti i policis n zbatimin e strategjive dhe planeve sht
breng e shprehur edhe n raportet e EULEX . Koordinimi i puns brenda
policis sht n nivele t ulta. Kjo gjendje sht rezultat i
ballafaqimit me realitetin e ri, ndrsa PK nuk ishte e prgatitur.
Poashtu, gjat zhvillimit t saj nuk ka pasur respektime t kritereve
t institucionit t konkursit dhe shum gradime mund t ken qen
rezultat i ndrhyrjeve politike. Kjo ndikon n mosmenaxhim t
mirdhejo-efikasitet. . PoliciaeKosovs 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Sektori
i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis Aty, Aty, Ibid Kuvendii
Kosovs,LigjimbiPolicin,faqe5. LigjimbiPolicin,2008.
PoliciaeKosovs,Policiaeudhhequrnga intelegjenca,2010,faqe6.
EULEXProgrammeReport2010: bulding sustainablechangetogether,faqe14.
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10
12. 22 23 24 25 26 27 11 Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis
22 23 24 25 26 27
13. ForcaeSigurissKosovs AgjenciaeKosovsprInteligjenc(AKI)
Sipas Kushtetuts s Kosovs dhe Ligjit, FSK-ja sht nj forc e siguris
me nj mision civil, e m von me prgjegjsi t shtuara n aspektin e
siguris. Nj forc e vogl n numr t mjaftueshm pr nevojat e vendit,
profesionale, operacionale, multietnike, n shrbim t gjith qytetarve
dhe financiarisht e prballueshme, por edhe e prkrahur nga vendet e
NATO s (FSK-ja do t prbhet prej jo m shum se 2500 pjestar aktiv dhe
800 pjestar rezerv) . FSK sht n fazn e konsolidimit pr t qen nj
forc e armatosur leht me mandat kryesor t reagimit ndaj krizave apo
rasteve emergjente si krkim-shptimi, deminimi, asgjsimi dhe
largimii materialeve t rrezikshme,reagimi ndajzjarreve
dhepjesmarrjan misionetpaqsore jashtvendit. Sa i prket mbikqyrjes
demokratike, Kuvendi i Kosovs ka themeluar Komisionin pr Mbikqyrjen
e FSK-s, por nuk sht vrejtur ndonj aktivitet dhe gatishmri q
performanca e ktij komisioni t jet n nivel t knaqshm . Sa i prket
sfidave, ngritja e kapaciteteve profesionale dhe operacionale t
FSK-s sht njra prej sfidave m madhore.Auditori gjeneral ka hartuar
disa vrejtje dhe rekomandime pr institucionin e FSK-s dhe MFSK-s, t
cilat nuk jan prmbushur nga ana e tyre. Rekomandimet ishin
kryesisht rreth mungess s planifikimit dhe hartimit t politikave
brenda FSK-s dhe MFSK-s. Kontrolli demokratik i FSK-s dhe
transparenca brenda institucionit duhet t zhvillohet edhe m tutje.
Duhet te miratohet ligji pr pensioniminehershmt pjestarvet FSK-s.
Kushtetuta e Kosovs parasheh krijimin e Agjencis s Kosovs pr
Inteligjenc dhe roli i saj sht t mbledh informacione, zbuloj dhe
hetoj krcnimet dhe rreziqet q i kanosen vendit. AKI duhet t jet
profesioniste, politikisht e paanshme, shumtnike dhe t'i nnshtrohet
mbikqyrjes nga Kuvendi n mnyrn e prcaktuar me ligj . Kuvendi i
Kosovs ka miratuar ligjin pr krijimin e AKI-s n pajtim me
standardet ndrkombtare dhe demokratike t funksionimit t
institucioneve t siguris, si dhe mbikqyrjes demokratike t ktyre
institucioneve. AKI sht n fazn fillestare t konsolidimit dhe
operacionalizimit, sht br hapiipar nrekrutimin epjestarve t sajn
baz t njkonkursit hapurn fillimt 2010. 28 29 30 31 Sektori i
siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis Themelimi, operacionalizimi dhe
funksionimi demokratik i Forcs s Siguris s Kosovs- QKSS,
Qershor2008 http://mksf-ks.org/?page=1,8 Observimiihulumtuesve t FS
Kushtetuta e Republiks sKosovsSektori i Siguris-Neni129 28 29 30 31
12
14. 13 Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis Intervist e Gani
Gecit, Kryetar i Komisionit pr mbikqyrjen e Agjencis s Kosovs pr
Intelegjenc dhn gazets Zridata06.09.2010,
http://www.zeri.info/artikulli/1/2/10410/nis-trajnimi-i-spiuneve
Ibid: David M. Law, The Post-Conflict Security Sector, Geneva
Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Policy
PaperNo.14, Geneva,June2006, faqe8. 32 33 34 IV. Vshtrim
15. Duke i rikujtuar dobsit e lartcekura, edhe Drejtori i
Policis ka proklamuar iden e ndryshimeve n pozitat udhheqse. Mirpo,
ndrhyrjet politike n zgjedhjen e stafit ekzistojn dhe pak persona
nga stafi udhheqs kan ndryshuar vendet e puns. N stacionet rajonale
ka pasur ndryshime n udhheqsi, por ende nuk dihet nse do t sjellin
ndryshime pozitive. Edhe pas proklamimit t Metodologjis s Re t
Puns, po ashtu, implementimi i saj mundt jetibrisht
prderisastafiudhheqsmbetet injjt. Policia e udhhequr nga
intelegjenca ka t bj m shum me mnyrn e operacionalizimit t qasjes
ndryshe t policis se sa reformimin e policis. Duke mos shkoqitur nj
strategji t qart reformimi, rezultohet edhe n munges vizioni dhe
thellim e detajizim t strukturave t policis. Kjo mund t vrehet nga
fakti se nuk sht br nj prezentim i duhur para mass kritike dhe
opinionit t gjer lidhur me qasjen e re t policis. Poashtu, nuk do t
mund t krijohen prioritete n zhvillim t kapaciteteve. Shembull, sht
e nevojshme rritja e personelit n njsitet e specializuara, si ai
kundr trafikimit me njerz, por nj gj e till ende nuk ka ndodhur.
Puna e institucioneve tjera, si gjykatat poashtu kan ndikim n
efikasitetin e policis. PK ngarkohet me shum pun tjera q jan jasht
mandatit t saj . Thirrjet dhe paraqitjet jan t shumta dhe nga m t
ndryshmet. Pr t evituar kto raste, qytetart duhet t jen m t njohur
me natyrn e puns s policis, ndrsa funksionalizimi i gjykatave do t
ndikonte n zgjidhjen e kontestevedhemos-angazhimine policisn
detyrat jashtmandatitt saj. Shtrirja territoriale e institucioneve
t siguris sht e rndsishme n krijimin e nj situate t qndrueshme.
Deri m tani, pjesa veriore e Kosovs nuk kishte tretman t njjt. Kjo
situat sht e trashguar q nga koha e UNMIK-ut, me 'rast
institucionet e siguris nuk veprojn, aq m tepr edhe EULEX ka qen i
ngurt n zbatimin e ligjit .Arrestimet n veri nuk bhen duke i br
institucionet anemike ndaj luftimit t krimit. Kohve t fundit kan
ndodhur dy arrestime, por gjasat jan t jen br me krkes t Beogradit
. Megjithat, hartimi i nj plani t veprimit pr pjesn veriore sht
shenj e mir n ofrimin e siguris n gjith vendin, duke mbledhur armt
dhe rritur si numrin e kontrolleve, poashtu edhe numrin e forcave t
siguris n veri . Mangsi e ksaj qasje ndaj veriut sht kufizimi i
pronsis s Policis s Kosovs n kt proces t vendosjes s sundimit t
ligjit. PK duhet t ket nj strategji e cila i mundson zbatimin e
ligjit n mnyr konstante. Poashtu, qeveria e Serbis sht duke pasur
ndikim negativ n rritjen e prezencs dhe aktivitieteve t PK-s n
veri. Deklarimet e ministrit t punve t brendshme t Kosovs se njsit
speciale t PK-s jan t pranishme edhe n veri, hasi n reagime t
shumta n Serbidhekjondikoiedhetek prezencandrkombtaren Kosov. 35 36
37 38 39 40 Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis KohaDitore,
Selimi:Askushnuk mundt'idojpolicttan nveri mshumseun,13
shtator2010, faqe6. Ibid. IntervistmeBrahimSadriun,Zyra prInformimt
Publikut PoliciaeKosovs. KosovaSot,KurEULEX-indrhynnveri, 5
tetor,faqe1. Vehbi Kajtazi, Halimi:EULEX-ika arrestuarserbt ekrkuar
nga Serbia,KohaDitore, 7tetor 2010,faqe
SelvijeBajrami,'Dora'eshtetit shtrihet nveri, Zri, 6tetor 2010,
faqe5. 35 36 37 38 39 40 14
16. Sa i prket Kshillit t Siguris s Kosovs, ka kapacitete t
kufizuara pr t ushtruar aktivitetin e vet si parashihet me ligj. N
veanti, vlen t theksohet ngritja e kapaciteteve analitike t
sekretariatit t KSK-s dhe nevoja pr krijimin e KSK-s si organizat
buxhetore . KSK ka hartuar Strategjin e Siguris s Kosovs, por
transparenca gjat procesit t hartimit t ktij dokumenti ka qen tepr
e vogl. Q tani, ky dokument nuk paraqet vizionin mbi sigurin n
Kosov dhe nuk reflekton kontekst vendor . Kjo paraqet probleme n
hartimin e politikave tjera sektorale pasi q ky dokument duhet t
jet orientues pr strategjit tjera q jan m specifikesiStrategjia
ePolicis. Po ashtu, FSK ka br nj progres gjat periudhs 2009-2010
duke rritur numrin e pjestarve t saj dhe vazhdimeve t trajnimeve nn
prkujdesjen e KFOR-it. Kapacitetet operacionale dhe profesionale t
FSK-s jan ende n fazn e zhvillimit. Deri m tani jan rekrutuar
afrsisht 2.000 persona, numr i prafrt ky me numrin e parapar (2500)
. Nevojitet koh edhe m e gjat deri sa FSK-ja t arrij kapacitetet e
saja operacionale dhe t jet ofrues i siguris n vend, rajon dhe m
gjer. Ka mungesa t kapaciteteve njerzore n menaxhim dhe planifikim
brenda FSK-s, duke marr parasysh raportin e Auditorit t Prgjithshm
. Sipas ktij raporti, MFSK nuk ka arritur t shfrytzoj buxhetin dhe
vrehet mungesa e kapaciteteve planifikuese brenda MFSK-s. Aq m keq
q sht raportuar punsimi i personave t ndryshm me kontrata t
prkohshme q v n pikpyetje profesionalizmin e stafit n Ministri.
Ende KFOR-i mbetet fuqishm i angazhuar n trajnimin e FSK-s, dhe nuk
vrehet ndonj gatishmri nga ana institucionale q gradualisht FSK, t
merr disa kompetenca dhe t jet prodhues i siguris n
vend.NATO-ja,prkatsisht KFOR-i, ka rolinky n
ndrtimindheopercionalizimine FSK-s. Sa i prket AKI-t,
funksionalizimi i prshpejtuar i saj do t'i komplementonte prpjekjet
e institucioneve tjera t siguris. N veanti, duke evidentuar dobsit
analitike e hulumtuese tek PK, KSK dhe FSK, ather barra i mbetet
AKI-t q t ndrtoj baza t shndosha krkimoro- hulumtuese me qllim
parsor t identifikimit dhe t analizimit real t krcnimeve dhe
rreziqeve ndaj Kosovs dhe qytetarve t saj. Tendencat pr implikime n
funksionalizimin e AKI-t do t duhej t menjanoheshin dhe n kt mnyr t
mos trashgohen gabimet subjektive sikurseninstitucionettjerat
siguris. 45 41 42 43 44 Funksionet eKontrollit t
InstitucionetePavarura ShtetrorenSektorine
SigurisnKosov-QKSS-Korrik 2010. Strategjia
eSigurissKosovs,draft-propozimi.
Korrespodencameemailmez.IbrahimShala,zdhnsi FSK-s,Gusht 2010
Raporti iAuditoritGjeneralpr MFSK-2009 Themelimi, operacionalizimi
dhe funksionimi demokratik i Forcs s Siguris s Kosovs- QKSS,
Qershor-2008
www.http:/www.qkss.org/web/images/content/PDF/Themelimi,%20operacionalizimi%20dhe%20funksionimi%20dem
okratik%20i%20Forc%C3%ABs%20s%C3%AB%20Siguris%C3%AB%20s%C3%AB%20Kosov%C3%ABs%20-
%20dokument%20i%20politikave.pdf 41 43 44 42 45 Sektori i siguris n
Kosov pas pavarsis 15
17. 1. Nika S. Teran, Peacebuilding and Organized Crime: the
case of Kosovo and Liberia, Swiss Peace Foundation, August 2007. 2.
B. Schneier, 2003, Beyond Fear: thinking sensibly about security in
an uncertain world, Copernicus Books, New York 3. Auditori
Gjeneral, Raporti i Auditorit Gjeneral pr MFSK- 2009, Prishtin,
2009 4. David M. Law, The Post-Conflict Security Sector, Geneva
Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Policy Paper No.
14, Geneva, June 2006 5. EULEX Programme Report 2010: Building
Sustainable Change Together, Pristina, 2010. 6. Policia e Kosovs,
Policia e udhhequr nga intelegjenca, Prishtin, 2010. 7. Qehaja, F.,
Security Policy of Kosovo, n Security Policies in Western Balkan,
Edited by M. Hadzic, M. Timotic, P. Petrovic, Center for
Civil-Military Relations, Beograd, 8. QKSS, Context Analyses of the
Security Sector in Kosovo, KCSS, Pristina, September 2010. 9. QKSS,
Themelimi, operacionalizimi dhe funksionimi demokratik i Forcs s
Siguris s Kosovs- QKSS,Prishtin, Qershor 2008. 10. QKSS, Funksionet
e Kontrollit te Institucionet e Pavarura Shtetrore n Sektorin e
Siguris n Kosov, QKSS, Prishtin, Korrik 2010. 11. QKSS, Vlersimi i
Sektorit t Siguris n Republikn e Kosovs Gjendja e Mbrojtjes Civile
dhe Gatishmria Emergjente n Republikn e Kosovs,QKSS,Prishtn,
Dhjetor 2009. 12. Policimi n Kosov, FIQ dhe Saferword 2008 13. SRG,
Report to the UNSC, July 12, n www.un.org 14. SRSG Report to the
UNSC, Dec 1999, n www.un.org 15. UNDP, Internal Security Sector
Review, UNDP, Kosovo, 2006 Shtypi ditor 1. Koha Ditore 2. Zri 3.
Kosova Sot Bibliografia: Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis 16
Raportet
18. 4. Constitutional Framework of Provisional Institutions. 5.
Kushtetuta e Republiks s Kosovs 6. Kuvendi i Kosovs, Ligji mbi
Policin 7. Ligji pr Klasifikimin e Informacioneve dhe Verifikimin e
Siguris 8. Ligji i KSK 9. Strategjia e Siguris s Kosovs,
draft-propozimi 10. Ligji pr AKI 11. Ligji pr Mbrojtjen e t Dhnave
Personale 12. Ligji pr Komponentn Rezerv t TMK-s 13. Intervist me
z. Brahim Sadriu- zyrtar pr komunikim n Policin e Kosovs 14.
UNMIKONLINE, 2003 http://www.unmikonline.org/justice/police.htm 15.
UNMIKonline 2004. 16. Ministria e Forcs dhe Siguris s Kosovs n
http://mksf-ks.org/?page=1,8 17. Ministria e Punve t Brendshme n
www.mpb-ks.org 18. UNOSEK, Propozimi gjithprfshirs pr zgjidhjen e
statusit t Kosovs, faqe 26 n ww.unosek.org. Dokumentet legale: T
tjera: Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis 17
19. Mbajtja e tryezsSektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis
Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis 18 M dat 15 Tetor 2010, n
ambientet e Hotelit Grand n Prishtin, u mbajt tryeza me titull
Sektori i siguris n Kosov pas pavarsis. sht kjo tryeza e par e
organizuar n kuadr t Forumit t Siguris, forum ky i dal nga
bashkpunimi i dy organizatave joqeveritare Forumi pr Iniciativa
Qytetare (FIQ) dhe Qendra Kosovare pr Studime t Siguris (QKSS). Ve
diskutimeve tjera, n kt tryez u publikua edhe studimi, i cili jep
nj vshtrim t shkurtr lidhur me t arriturat dhe sfidat e
institucioneve t siguris n vend. Vet qllimi i formimit t Forumit pr
Siguri sht t nxis komunikimin e duhur n mes t shoqris civile dhe
institucioneve pr shtjet e siguris, duke ofruar edhe studime dhe
rekomandime konkrete prprmirsiminesaj,gjq upa n kt tryez. N hapjen
e ksaj tryeze u shpalosn t gjeturat e studimit t siprprmendur, t
cilat konsistojnnkto pika: Mungesaezbatimit t renditdhet ligjit n
tr territorin e Kosovsvazhdont mbetet
sfidakryesoreprinstitucioneteqeverissKosovsdhebashksisndrkombtare;
Institucionet e siguris nuk kan gatishmrin dhe mungon nj vizion i
duhur pr marrjen e prgjegjsive n sektorine sigurisnga
praniandrkombtare; Mbikqyrja parlamentare dhe demokratike e
institucioneve t siguris sht n fazn fillestare t zhvillimit;
Reformimi i Policis s Kosovs (PK) mund t ngec si rezultat i
ndrhyrjeve politike dhe dobsive subjektive; Operacionalizimi i
Forcs s Siguris s Kosovs (FSK) dhe Agjensionit t Kosovs pr
Inteligjenc(AKI)nuk shtdukeshkuarsipasparashikimeve dhedinamikss Nj
pjes e konsiderueshme e legjislacionit sht miratuar, mirpo
implementimi mbetet nj fakt shqetsues.Kanmbetur edhedisaligjet
rndsishmet pamiratuara. Fjalnerastit
emorrndrejtuesitedyorganizatave themelueset Forumitt Siguris, z.
Ramadan Qehaja nga Qendra Kosovare pr Studime t Siguris (QKSS) dhe
Ferdinand Nikolla nga Forumi pr Iniciativa Qytetare (FIQ), t cilt
foln pr rndsin e formimit t Forumit t Siguris, gatishmrin e
organizatave joqeveritare t bashkpunojn me
institucionetesigurissidhegatishmrine tyre prt qenpjese
shtetndrtimit. Pas ksaj, u hap diskutimi, ku fjaln e morri Besnik
Berisha nga Asociacioni i Kompanive t Sigurimit, i cili vuri theks
t veant n kompetencat e organeve vendore - prgjegjse pr siguri,
sipas t cilit organeve vendore u ka ngelur pak kompetenca pr t marr
nga organet ndrkombtare. Ve tjerash z. Berisha u shpreh se Policia
e Kosovs, si institucion i siguris, nuk sht se duhet t jet
shembull, por tashm sht shembull pr rajonin. Sa i prket Mitrovics,
z.Berisha tha se Nuk ekziston mendim i unifikuar as nga vet
ndrkombtaret pr veriun e Kosovs dhe se kemi nevoj pr nj qndrim
unifikues nga ta.Ai u shpreh s'e Gjykata ka, por keminevojprgjyqtar
t ciltpunojnmeligjet eKosovs.
20. Mesud Ademi nga Asociacioni i Pavarur i Kriminalistve t
Kosovs, u shpreh s'e mungojn rekomandimet pr zgjidhjen e problemeve
t siguris, ndrsa u ndrlidh me shtjen e Mitrovics, pr ka sipas tij,
Mitrovica nuk sht vetm problem i siguris, por edhe politik. Ai
potencoi nevojn e krijimit t nj politike t siguris dhe nevojn e
marrjes s masave preventive dhejorepresive. Bujar Lepaja nga
shoqria civile, tha se mosefikasiteti vjen si pasoj e mungess s
vetdijs s qytetarve dhe mosinformimit t duhur t tyre me shtjet e
siguris. Prve ksaj, institucionet e siguris dhe prgjithsisht
institucionet e Kosovs, sipas z. Lepaja, duhet t jen m t hapura
ndajqytetarve dhetheksoinevojne mbajtjessamt shpeshtt debatevet
tilla. Aleksaner Tudesco nga EULEX, u shpreh se nuk jemi n nj
situat optimale t fusim gjyqtar lokalngjykata, n verit Kosovs.
Prfaqsuesi i Shoqats s Oficerve dhe Nnoficerve t ish Trupave t
Mbrojtjes s Kosovs, theksoi se shtja e siguris dhe jo vetm, sht
shtje e karakterit politik si dhe u shpreh se kemi potencial t
njerzve t trajnuar pr kt problem, t cilt kan mbetur larg
institucioneve. Nuredin Ibishi nga UNDP, foli pr krijimin e
komisioneve parlamentare, q kan t bjn me shtjet e siguris, q jan:
Komisioni q mbikqyr Forcn e Siguris s Kosovs, Komisioni pr
Inteligjenc dhe Komisioni pr Siguri dhe Pun t Brendshme. Z. Ibishi,
foli edhe pr rndsin embikqyrjessorganevet siguris. Ferki Fejza nga
Fondacioni pr Mbrojtje t Mjedisit, theksoi nevojn e krijimit t nj
strategjie pr sigurin brthamore dhe terrorizmin, ngase deri m sot
pr kt shtje nuk sht br asgj. N pyetjen e gazetarit drejtuar z.
Sheremet Ahmeti, se si vlersohet sot shtja e siguris n Kosov, dy
vjet pas pavarsis, z. Ahmeti u shpreh s'e Kosova ka hasur n sfida t
mdha dhe nse ka vshtirsi n siguri, kjo nuk sht si pasoj e
mosfunksionimit t Policis s Kosovs. Ai shpehi nevojn pr mbshtjetje
ndrkombtar n disa pjes t vendit pr shtje t
sigurisdhenfundushprehs'eKosovashtvendisigurt. Prfaqsuesi i
Ambasads Suedeze n Kosov, Jorgen Kalmendal, tha se duhet t bhet m
shumnrritjenevetdijesdhes'eshtjae sigurisnuk sht shtjevetme
uniformave. Ndrkaq, Agim Musliu nga shoqria civile, theksoi s'e
Policia e Kosovs, n veriun e vendit, vepron vetm ather kur ka
autorizime nga institucionet m t larta t vendit. Ve tjerash, z.
Musliu, foli pr trekndshin ligjshmri-institucione-popull dhe nevojn
pr bashkpunim t tyre, meqllimfunksionalizimimt mirt
organevekompetente prsiguri. Zdhnsi i Policis s Kosovs, z.Baki
Kelani, mirpriti organizimin e tryezs dhe theksoi ndikimet pozitive
q mund t dalin nga tryezat e tilla. Ai foli pr reformimin n Policin
e Kosovs dhe ve tjerash tha se ky reformim sht duke vazhduar
gradualisht. Z. Kelani u shpreh s'e ka munges t aktivitetit kundr
korrupsionit dhe Policia e Kosovs n veri t vendit
vepronmekapacitetet e veta, ndrkohqditaditspoprofesionalizohet.
Elisa Hoxha, nga Ministria e Punve t Brendshme, theksoi nevojn e
ngritjes s bashkpunimit institucional. Sektori i siguris n Kosov
pas pavarsis 19
21. October 2010 The Security Sector in Kosovo after the
Independence FORUMI SIGURI pr
22. Copyrights. Nopart ofthispublicationmaybe
reproducedorchangedwithout permitofpublisher. Opinions stated in
written or in electronic publications belong to the Security Forum,
and do not necessarilyrepresentthe viewsofthe SaferWorld,northe
GermanorBritishGovernments. The Security Forum (SF) was established
in June 2010, with the initiative of two local organizations, the
Civil Initiative Forum (FIQ) and the Kosovo Centre for Security
Studies), supported by the Saferworld, aspart ofthe
SaferPlaceProgram,fundedby the GermanandBritishGovernments. The SF
shall represent a platform for civil society organizations, media,
academicians, students and institutions, to discuss key matters of
security, and to exchange and develop best experiences and
practicesinthe fieldofsecurityinKosovo. This is the first
publication of the SF and it raises s questions related to some key
aspects characterizing difficulties in the security sector. This is
only the beginning of the SF activities, because other research
anddebate activitiesareforeseenforthe future. SFResearchTeam:
ValdrinGrainca,Coordinatorofthe SecurityForumandResearcher,FIQ
SkenderPrteshi,Coordinatorofthe SecurityForumandResearcher,KCSS
Florentina Hajdari,SecurityForumOfficer
23. 2 The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
Introduction...............................................................................................................................5-6
A short background of local security institutions (1999
2008).........................................7-8 Kosovo Police
Service..................................................................................................................9
Kosovo Protection Corps
(KPC)...............................................................................................10
A short history of local security institutions
(2008-Present).............................................8-13
Kosovo Security Council Kosovo Police Kosovo Security Force Kosovo
Intelligence Agency (AKI)
Overview................................................................................................................................14-15
Bibliography:...............................................................................................................................16
Content
24. 1. KIA- Kosovo Intelligence Agency 2. EMA Emergency
Management Agency 3. CFPI- Kosovo Constitutional Framework 4. EMD-
Emergency Management Department 5. CIF Citizen Initiative Forum 6.
EULEX- European Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo 7. PIK- Police
Inspectorate of Kosovo 8. PISG - Provisional Institutions of
Self-Government 9. ISSR- Internal Security Sector Review 10. KFOR-
NATO Kosovo Force 10. KSC- Kosovo Security Council 11. AoK-
Assembly of Kosovo 12. MKSF- Ministry of Kosovo Security Force 13.
MIA- Ministry of Internal Affairs 14. BIM- Border Integrated
Management 15. NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization 16. OSCE-
Organization for security and Cooperation in Europe 17. KP- Kosovo
Police 18. SC- Sitaution Centre 19. KCSS- Kosovo Centre for
Security Studies 20. KPS- Kosovo Police Service 21. SSR- Security
Sector Reform 22. KPC- Kosovo Protection Corps 23. KLA- Kosovo
Liberation Army 24. EU- European Union 25. UNDP- United Nations
Development Programme 26. UNMIK- United Nations Mission in Kosovo
27. OKPCC- Office of the Kosovo Protection Corps Coordinator 3 List
of Abbreviations The Security Sector in Kosovo after the
Independence
25. The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
Executive Summary Main findings 4
26. Kosovo security institutions have not built yet the
required capacities to provide security and safety for all Kosovo
citizens. As it was briefly elaborated with this report, among the
main reasons for such failure to consolidate the security sector
are as result of a provisional policy of UNMIK, in which investment
in the pre-independence period did not match the current needs of
security provision in Kosovo. Furthermore, the security sector
development itself was the main obstacle to the definition of the
Kosovo status, due to the relation of security institutions with
state attributes. Other difficulties affecting development of this
sector included poor economic development and implications of local
political and individual circles inthe shapingofthissector. With
the declaration of independence on 17 February 2008, the security
architecture solicited new institutions, and reforms in existing
mechanisms were necessitated. New security policies involved
numerous legislative changes, thereby transferring greater
responsibility onto local institutions. Pursuant to the
Constitution and applicable laws, security is part of local
institutions' policy-making. Nevertheless, greater responsibility
of domestic institutions obviously raises dilemmas in terms of
capacity building of domestic security institutions. Some of these
dilemmas are related to the ambiguity related to the role of the
international presence, and specifically the mandate of EULEX,
especially in the northern areas of Kosovo, and the lack of
experience in state-building and public institutions. These are the
dilemmas that necessitate an assessment of planning and operational
capacities of institutions in providing security to the
Kosovocitizens. Furthermore, for a further development of security
institutions, it is required to revise policies and conceptual
aspects, which form the grounds thereof, looking at experiences of
other countries as well. This is more important taking into account
the challenges Kosovo shall face in terms of state consolidation
and integration processes. All these have to consider also capacity
development for a comprehensive assessment of risks and threats
posed to Kosovo and its citizens,sincethishasnotbeen madeyet.
Although the topic of the present report is not assessment of
threats and risks to the country, it is worth mentioning that
several reports have highlighted the existence of corruption,
organized crime, discontent in relation to economic development and
high poverty rates, presence of parallel structures and the
situation in the north, as some of the largest threats to the
country and its citizens. These challenges should also include the
lack of perspective in terms of total isolationofKosovointhe
processofvisaliberalization. I. Introduction 5 The Security Sector
in Kosovo after the Independence
27. Florian Qehaja, Security Policy of Kosovo, Security
Policies in Western Balkan, Edited by M. Hadzic, M. Timotic, P.
Petrovic, Center forCivil-Military Relations,Belgrade,pages81-86.
10 September2010.. 1 2 6 The Security Sector in Kosovo after the
Independence Analyzing chronologically, the security sector may be
stated to have had two key periods of development: the under UNMIK
administration period 1999 2008 (including a short transition 2005
2008 and the post-independence period). The studies so far have
only made this chronological difference based on legislative
changes but also based on the authority and mandate. Generally, if
we look at consolidation of the security sector to this day, we
could say that all initial steps have been made, through general
institutional consolidation has been slow and deficient.
Legislation was approved mostly in package in 2008, though
implementation still remainsthe key challenge. This report is a
result of research work covering a period of two months (15August
15 October 2010). Methodology used is based upon the qualitative
research method. Apart from interviews, this report includes
various analyses of security institutions' strategies, official
statements for media, and a wide range of security-oriented
bibliography. A key method was also observation by participation,
as a result of periodical presentations by researchers at the SF,
andparticipationby
observationinvariousprocessesrelatedtosecurityinthe country. The
first section provides a brief description of security institutions
during the UNMIK rule. Policy-making, decisions and purpose of
establishment of institutions shall be presented. The main focus of
this section will be directed on the two key local security
institutions which have operated in this period: the Kosovo Police
Service (KPS) and the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC). The second
section will talk about post-independence security institutions,
focusing on the nature of institutions, policy-making and
challenges ahead for the latter. This assessment will incorporate
bodies such as the Kosovo Security Council (KSC), the Kosovo Police
(KP), Kosovo Security Force (KSF) and the Kosovo Intelligence
Agency (KIA), institutions explicitly provideduponby the
Constitution. 1 2
28. ConstitutionalFramework forProvisionalSelf-Government.
Ibid,page 15. SRGReportto the UNSCJuly 12, f12. SRGReportto the
UNSCJuly 12, p.12. Ibid. 3 4 5 6 7 7 The Security Sector in Kosovo
after the Independence With the establishment of UNMIK and
international administration in Kosovo, structure of security
institutions was also provided upon. The basic documents were the
UNSC 1244 Resolution and the Constitutional Framework of the
Provisional Institutions of Self- Government. Based on these
documents, security provision was a role taken by KFOR and UNMIK
Police. UNSC 1244 Resolution recognized the responsibility for
security to UNMIK and NATO Kosovo Force (KFOR) as the implementing
party of this responsibility. This Resolution authorized UNMIK to
establish local police forces. Thus, UNMIK established the Kosovo
Police Service. Later, by the Constitutional Framework, Chapter VI,
recognized KPS also as an institution of preserving law and order,
an institution which had a duty to prevent crime and provide public
safety, and safety in terms of accidental nature (e.g. traffic
accidents). The KPS worked under the authority of the Special
Representative of Secretary General (SRSG) and under the
supervision of UNMIK Police. Domestic institutions were mainly
responsible on developing and implementing emergency planning and
civil protection strategies as well as management and coordination
of fire and rescue services. The latter was to be done in
collaborationwith localgovernments. Since 1999, UNMIK strategy for
security had already set its mark on establishing law enforcement
structures and a rapid creation of a police service. In achieving
these goals, three benchmarks were set. The first stage was
characterized with the KFOR role in providing security and public
order until embarking of UNMIK personnel. This stage also included
civil police (1800), ten special units (115 officers each), and
border police (205 persons). The second stage was characterized by
the transfer of competencies in terms of preserving order and
public safety from KFOR to UNMIK Police. Development of a
professional police service was part of this stage. The main
objective was to train local police, under the oversight of UNMIK
CivPol and OSCE. Meanwhile, the third stage was related to a
gradual transfer of responsibilities from UNMIK Police to KPS. Such
a transfer did not include rapid response units and specialized
units. The third stage of this strategy, namely transfer of
competencies, begun implementing only in 2005. The competency
transfer took two simultaneous paths: first, establishment of the
Ministry of Interior Affairs (MIA) and transfer of competencies in
police inspection, by establishment of the Kosovo Police
Inspectorate (KPI). The second path was reorganization of the
KPSstructureitself. II. A short background of local security
institutions (1999 2008) Kosovo Police Service 3 4 5 6 7
29. Local and international organizations' public perception
polls have fairly identified the KPS as one of the institutions
enjoying public trust, thereby emphasizing the need for further
improvement, so as to transform the KPS into a modern and
professional force which would guarantee security to all residents
of Kosovo. Chapter VII of the Constitutional Framework defined the
KPC as a civilian emergency organisation, which carries out in
Kosovo rapid disaster response tasks for public safety in times of
emergency and humanitarian assistance, under reserved powers of the
Special Representative of Secretary General. KPC was defined as a
civilian emergency organization employing 3.052 active members and
2000 reserves. Generally, its personnel mostly consisted of former
members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). KPS was under strict
control of KFOR andUNMIK,through the Officeofthe KPCCoordinator.
This organization was modelled after Securite Civile in France. The
KPC mandate was emergency preparedness, such as: provision of
assistance in cases of natural or human disasters, demining,
ceremonial duties and humanitarian assistance, although many
members of UNMIK and KFOR admitted that the KPC had an
organizational style of an army. Training were initially provided
by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and then by
KFORandUNMIK. Within its mandate, the KPC was engaged in parades,
anniversary ceremonies, demining, reconstruction, and emergency
preparedness in natural disasters. Despite the mandate, the KPC was
under the control of UNMIK and KFOR. Provisional Institutions such
as the Kosovo Assembly had no mandate over the KPC. Therefore,
there was no democratic oversight on the institution, sincethe
CommitteeonEmergencyIssueshadnooversight onthe KPC. Following
Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and other legal acts
reflected the need for new security institutions. In fact, they
required establishment and consolidation of the
KosovoSecurityCouncil(KSC),KSFandKIAononeside,andthe
reformofpoliceonthe other. Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC)
III.Ashorthistoryoflocalsecurityinstitutions(2008-Present) 8
Policingin Kosovo,FIQ andSaferworld2008 ConstitutionalFramework,
Chapter VII,page 16. ICG2000, 11 8 9 10 The Security Sector in
Kosovo after the Independence 8 9 10
30. The Kosovo Security Council is made of the following
members in the capacity of permanent members with executive
authority: a) Prime Minister; b) Deputy Prime Minister(s); c) the
Minister of Kosovo Security Office, or Deputy Minister(s) in
his/her absence; d) Minister of ForeignAffairs, or Deputy Minister
in his/her absence; e) Minister of Justice, or Deputy Minister in
his/her absence; e) Minister of InternalAffairs, or Deputy Minister
in his/her absence; f)Minister of Economy and Finance, or Deputy
Minister in his/her absence; Minister for Returns and Communities,
or Deputy Minister in his/her absence; one representative of the
President of the Republic of Kosovo; Director of the Kosovo
Intelligence Agency; senior advisor to the Prime Minister; security
advisor to the Prime Minister; General Director of the Kosovo
Police; f) Commander of the Kosovo Security Force; g) Secretary of
the Kosovo Security Council; h) Director of Department for
Emergency Management of the MinistryofInterior; i)
DirectorCustomsofthe RepublicofKosovo. KSCLawArticle1 Missionofthe
KSC Ibid: See:Assessment of the Security Sector in the Republic of
Kosovo condition of civil protection and emergency preparedness in
the RepublicofKosovo KCSSDecember2009 11 12 13 14 9 The Security
Sector in Kosovo after the Independence KosovoSecurityCouncil The
Kosovo Security Council (KSC) was established after the declaration
of independence, pursuant to the laws deriving from the Ahtisaari
Package, as part of the new architecture of the Kosovo security
sector. The Council consists of the key stakeholders in the
security sector, and other related sectors. This Council has an
advisory and evaluation mandate in policy-making, reviewing of
legislation related to the security sector in the country. In other
words, pursuant to the current legislation, the role of the KSC is
to provide advice, discuss, evaluate and provide recommendations in
terms of security, except in extraordinary situations, in which the
role of this Council is executive. Another duty of the KSC is to
analyse foreign security policy, and to analyse all international
treaties and agreement entered into and approved by the Republic of
Kosovo with other countries and parties. Also, the KSC is bound to
provide advice to the President and the Government of Kosovo on
involvement of security agencies abroad, such as the case of KSF
intervention in Albania, providing assistance in evacuation of
citizens from flooding which occurred in 2010. the KSC is chaired
by the Prime Minister of the country, and he chairsthe
meetingsofthe KSC,whilethe agendaissetby the Secretariat. The KSC,
with a view of being informed on the security situation in the
country, is supported by the Situation Centre, which provides fast
information on the security situation, and coordinates all
operational activities throughout the country. This institution is
bound to collect information from all relevant actors, specifically
from the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) and the Kosovo Police(KP). The
Department of Emergency Management is part of the Ministry of
Interior (MIA) and the highest body responsible for drafting and
implementing all emergency preparedness policies and strategies, in
cooperation with other institutions. This department is further
divided into three sectionscoordinatingtheir actions. 11 12 13
14
31. ibid. ibid. ibid. KosovoAssembly, LawonPolice,page 5.
LawonPolice,2008. KosovoPolice,Policeguidedby intelligence,
2010,page 6. EULEXProgrammeReport2010: building
sustainablechangetogether,page 14. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 The
Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence At the local
level, the emergency sector is organized, but it has been proven
that their preparedness and capacity to cope with emergencies is
rather limited. Each municipality has a Department and section for
fire and rescue. Depending on the attention assigned, several
municipalities have departments; some others only have a unit
within the Department of Public Services. The number of staff
working in the emergency sector is insufficient, and when we add
the lack of incentives for these staff members, and the lack of
proper professional qualifications, obviously this adds up to a
rather fragile efficiency of emergency institutions. Recently, an
Emergency Management Agency has been established. Activities of
other factors are rather connected to emergency management in
Kosovo, like the Kosovo Security Force and the Kosovo Police, which
are required to coordinate their activities in natural disasters or
other emergencies. From the change of the Kosovo Status, the police
shifted its focus and its objectives, starting with its own name.
Now the Kosovo Police, pursuant to the Constitution and the Police
Law, duties of this police is protection of lives, safety and
property, basic rights and freedoms, prevention of risks, etc.
Also, through various strategies and integration processes, the KP
responsibilities were expanded towards specialized fields, such as
economic and financial crime investigation, combating terrorism,
human trafficking, etc. Since the declaration of independence, the
Kosovo Police was faced with difficulties in the practical sense.
Its capacities and experience were insufficient to cope with the
new reality. The Law on Police, which entered into force by mid
2008, demanded reform of the police structures. Above all, this law
provides on a civilian control over the police, ensuring leadership
and management of the MIA, provides on rights of police officers in
achieving European standards, defines a clear chain of command, and
specifically addresses the functions of local police stations in
areas where Albanian population is not majority. Necessity for
great changes turns this stage into one of the most important
processes of the KP reforms, since this is the first time this
organization is subject to
publicscrutinyoflocalinstitutionsandcivilorganizations. One section
of the Kosovo Police is not professionally adequately qualified.
Management and lack of efficiency in implementing strategies and
plans is a concern voiced by EULEX reports as well. Coordination of
work within the police itself leaves much to desire. This situation
is a result of coping with the new reality, while the KP was not
prepared. Also, in its development, there was no respect for the
criteria of competition in recruitment, and many promotions in rank
may have been a result of political interferences. This has caused
improper management andlackofefficiency. KosovoPolice 15 16 17 18
19 20 21
32. The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
Another problem in terms of efficiency is creation of better
management, whereby experience in regional countries may be of
service. The KP had published a document, after its own assessment
of performance, called the Intelligence Led Policing. By this,
policy and strategy making is left to the MIA and Central Command,
while implementation should be left to the coordination of regional
and central police stations, thereby promoting the managerial role
of seniorstaff. Pursuant to the basic legislation, the Kosovo
Police is unique. Nevertheless, side agreements and political
pressure have made the KP have more than one chain of command. In
the northern area of Kosovo, the Police Station in Mitrovica north
does not obey orders from the Central Command. In other words,
northern parts of Kosovo do not report to the jurisdiction of the
KP Command, although there are daily reports sent by the northern
police stations. Numerous cases of entry of Serbian citizens from
Serbia at northern border points, without documents and without
respect for the Kosovo rules is only one of many examples which
come as a result of this poor definition. While the KP was of the
opinion that this was EULEX competency,the latter thought that
KPhadexecutive responsibilities. The PK has been undergoing a
reform process, and there is progress marked in KP activities if
compared with the period before 2008. There are more efforts in
strengthening community policing, and KPefficiency has increased.
The new approach of the KPperformance has already given the first
signs of efficiency and effectiveness of the Kosovo Police. This
approach of the police primarily consists of crime prevention,
apart from crime reaction. Reallocation of the Kosovo Police staff
is part of the new KP organizational strategy, depending on the
success shown by police officers, they will be promoted or demoted
from various leadership positions, without any preferences based on
gender or ethnic background. Reforms and building of its
professionalcapacityremainsoneofkey challengesforthe KosovoPolice.
Challenges ahead of the KP (majority of which are identified by the
police itself) are: creation of a proactive rather than reactive
police; further development of the Border Police in terms of
improving cross-border security level, which also involves EU
integration processes; the conceptofIntegrated
BorderManagement,whichmustbe developedfurther; coordinationand
cooperation with regional police forces; combating illegal
migration, human trafficking and organized crime; improvement of
internal management performance within the Police, and improvement
of cooperation with other institutions. Akey challenge remains to
extend the KP coverage throughout Kosovo, and strengthening the
chain of command at all stations and sub- stations of the Kosovo
Police. So far, the KP has not been active in establishing rule of
law in the north. In creating a police force which is able to cope
with these challenges, the EULEX Police provides its assistance in
mentoring, advice and monitoring. Nevertheless, throughout the
country,EULEXhasan executive powertoinvestigate
andarrestpersonsinvolvedincrime. 22 23 24 25 26 27 11
ConstitutionofKosovo,AhtisaariPlan, LawonPolice. KohaDitore,
Selimi:Noonecanloveourpoliceofficersin the northbetter than Ido,13
September2010, page 6. Interviewwith Mr. BrahimSadriu
CommunicationOfficer, KosovoPolice,30.08. 2010. Ibid. Ibid.
MinistryofInternalAffairs,KosovoPoliceStrategic
DevelopmentPlan2011-2015. 22 23 24 25 26 27
33. The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
KosovoSecurityForce KosovoIntelligenceAgency(AKI) Pursuant to the
Constitution of Kosovo and the law, the KSF is a security force
with a civilian mission, which will later assume additional
responsibilities in the security sector. A light force sufficient
for the needs of the country, a professional, operational,
multi-ethnic force at the service of all citizens, and financially
sustainable, but also supported by NATO countries (KSF
willconsistofnotmorethan 2500 activemembersand800 reserve members).
The KSF is currently undergoing its consolidation activities in
being a lightly armed force, with a key mandate in crisis or
emergency response, such as fire-rescue services, demining, removal
and demolition of hazardous matters, fire response and
participation in peacekeeping missions abroadthe country. In terms
of democratic oversight, the Kosovo Assembly has established a KSF
Oversight Committee, but activities and readiness of this Committee
have not proven it to be performing at a satisfactory level. In
terms of challenges, professional and operational capacity building
for the KSF is one of the largest challenges. The Auditor General
has drafted several remarks and recommendations for the KSF and the
MKSF institutions, which have not been performed upon by these
institutions. Recommendations were related mainly to planning and
policy- making within KSF and MKSF. Democratic control over the KSF
and transparency within the institution must be developed further.
The law on early retirement of KSF members has yet to be approved.
The Constitution of Kosovo provides on the establishment of the
Kosovo Intelligence Agency, and its role in collecting information,
identify and investigate risks and threats posed to the country.
The KIA will have to be professional, politically impartial,
multi-ethnic and must be subject to oversight of theAssembly in a
manner provided upon by law. The KosovoAssembly has approved a law
on establishment of the KIA, in accordance with international and
democratic standards of functioning of security institutions and
democratic oversight over these institutions. The KIAis only in its
initial stages of consolidation and operationalization, a
firststephasbeen madein recruiting itsstaffpursuanttoan
openvacancycallinthe early 2010. According to open sources, the
interviewing of the first stage of KIA members has been completed,
and the information is that around 3500 persons had applied. Also,
according to information in the media, the first part of KIA
members has already begun training, but
proceduresinrelationtotraining ofKIAmembersremainclosedforthe
public. 28 29 30 31 32 12 Establishment, operationalization, and
democratic function of the Kosovo Security Force, KCSS, June 2008
http://mksf-ks.org/?page=1,8 ObservationsofSFresearchers
Constitutionofthe RepublicofKosovo SecuritySector,Article129
Interview of Gani Geci, Chairman of the Committee for Oversight of
Kosovo IntelligenceAgency to Zeri Daily, 06.09.2010,
http://www.zeri.info/artikulli/1/2/10410/nis-trajnimi-i-spiuneve 28
29 30 31 32
34. The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence KIA
functioning details remain non-transparent pursuant to the
applicable legislation, but nevertheless, its operationalization is
expected to be delayed, due to delays in appointing key
staffandpotential pressurefromoutside. AParliamentary Committee for
KIAOversight has been established. The KIAis still in its initial
stages of its development. Therefore the oversight and democratic
control remain challenges forthe next period. During the UNMIK era,
local institutions of security sector dealt only with matters of
public order and civil emergencies. In these terms, the structure
of institutions itself reflects such a concept.Allthese fieldswere
competenceofUNMIKandUNMIKPolice. In fact, despite initial trends
and results, the UNMIK strategy did not result with establishing
the consistent institutions capable to performing in all duties
required to guarantee the safety and security for the Kosovo
citizens. Above all, the purpose was to limit the mandate of local
security institutions within public order and emergency management
fields of competencies. This approach was grounded upon
specifically on uncertainties related to the Kosovo status, and
pursuant to the mandate of the Mission itself, self-governing
institutions would be developed based on the very narrowed
interpretation of legislation in Kosovo, and with aim to slowdown
the process of establishing the proper security mechanisms which
exists in the other sovereign states. With the establishment of the
MIA, police stations begun its individual paths, and special units,
such as the terrorism combating unit, were established, but these
units did not complete operationalization. Even during this time,
the MIA has not had any essential role in policy- drafting, while
police stations had no knowledge or experience in crime analysis
and compiling proactive plans. This approach had its consequences
after the declaration of independence, when the security
architecture underwent major changes. This resulted in a situation
where the local institutions were the ones to draft security
policies, while the legacy of police management was insufficient to
cope with the new responsibilities. Furthermore, there were needs
to reorganize new units and departments of the police, such as the
department for combating human trafficking or financial crime. So
far, the police had been conceptualized in a reactive and not a
proactive manner, because earlier it was not prepared for
comprehensive management of security situations, because their
training was mostly grounded upon assignments merely of ensuring
public order, and not in developing planning and investigative
capacities,orresearchandscientificassignments. Overview 33 34 13
Ibid: David M. Law, The Post-Conflict Security Sector, Geneva
Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Policy
PaperNo.14,Geneva,June2006, page 8. 33 34
35. The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence Being
reminded of the flaws mentioned above, the Director of Police
himself had proclaimed the idea of changes in leadership positions.
Nevertheless, there are still political interferences in staff
selection and only a few people in the management level have
changed. Regional commands have recorded changes in leadership,
although it is uncertain whether that will result into positive
changes. Even after the proclamation of the new approach, its
implementation might even be fragile while the leadership remains
the same. Intelligence Led Policing is more related to a different
operationalization of police work, rather than reforming police.
The lack of a clear reforming strategy reflects the absence of a
vision and detailed structuring of the police. This may be seen
with the fact that no proper presentation has been made before
critical stakeholders and the wider public opinion in terms of the
new policing approach.As a result, no priorities can be identified
in terms of capacity building. For example, there is a need to
increase personnel in specialized units, such as the human
trafficking combat, but that hasnothappenedsofar. The work of other
institutions, such as the courts, largely affects the police
efficiency. The KP is assigned many other duties beyond its
mandate. Police calls and appearances are numerous and different.
To avoid such situations, citizens have to be informed on the
nature of police work, while improvement of courts would affect the
dispute settlement, and would decrease the engagement ofthe
Policeindutiesbeyonditscall. Territorial coverage of security
institutions is rather important in creating a sustainable
condition. So far, the northern areas of Kosovo had enjoyed no
equal treatment. This situation, inherited since UNMIK, in which
security institutions were not that active, and exacerbated by
EULEX's rigidity in rule of law. Arrests do not happen in the
north, thereby wasting the energy of institutions in fighting
crime. Recently, there were two arrests, but the odds are that such
arrests were made on a request made by Belgrade. Nevertheless,
drafting of an action plan for the northern area is a good sign for
security provision throughout the country, by collecting fire
armsandincreasingthe checkpointsandthe numberofsecurityforcesinthe
north. Adeficiency of the approach towards the north is the limited
ownership of the Kosovo Police in terms of rule of law process. The
KP must have a strategy which ensures law enforcement in a
consistent manner. Also, the Government of Serbia is exerting a
negative influence in the increase of presence and KP activities in
the north. Statements of the Minister of Interior that special
police units are present in the north have solicited numerous
reactions in Serbia, thereby influencingthe international
presenceinKosovo. 35 36 37 38 39 40 KohaDitore, Selimi:Noonecanlove
ourpoliceofficersin the Northbetter than Ido,13September2010,page
6. Ibid. Interviewwith BrahimSadriu,Public InformationOffice
KosovoPolice. KosovaSot,WhenEULEXintervenesin the north,page 1.
Vehbi Kajtazi, Halimi:EULEXhasarrestedSerbsasrequiredby Serbia,
KohaDitore, 7 October 2010,page 4. SelvijeBajrami,Thehandofthe
state extendedtowardsnorth, Zri,6October 2010,page 5. 35 36 37 38
39 40 14
36. Controlfunctionsofindependentstate institutionsin the
securitysectorin Kosovo,KCSSJuly 2010.
KosovoSecurityStrategy,draft-proposal. EmailCorrespondencewith Mr.
IbrahimShala,spokespersonofKSF,August2010 ReportofAuditorGeneral,
MKSF- 2009 Establishment, operationalization and democratic
functioning of the Kosovo Security Force KCSS, June 2008
http:/www.qkss.org/eb/images/content/PDF/Themelimi,%20operacionalizimi%20dhe%20funksionimi%20demokrati
k%20i%20Forc%C3%ABs%20s%C3%AB%20Siguris%C3%AB%20s%C3%AB%20Kosov%C3%ABs%20-
%20dokument%20i%20politikave.pdf 41 43 44 42 45 15 The Security
Sector in Kosovo after the Independence In relation to the Kosovo
Security Council, there are limited capacities in exerting its
activities as provided by law. Specifically, one must mention
capacity building requirements of the Secretariat of the KSC in
analysis, and the need to establish the KSC as a separate budgetary
organization. The KSC has drafted a Kosovo Security Strategy, but
transparency in drafting this document has been rather poor.As of
now, the document does not reflect security visions in Kosovo, and
does not reflect a domestic background. This is an obstacle for
drafting other sector policies, since this document must be the
orientation point for other more specific strategies, suchasthe
PoliceStrategy. Also, the KSF has marked some progress during the
2009-2010 period, by increasing the number of its personnel, and
continuation of training under the KFOR leadership. Operational and
professional capacities of the KSF are still in a development
stage. So far, around 2000 persons have been recruited, a number
close to the planned one (2500). Much more time is needed for the
KSF to build its operational capacities and provide security for
the country, the region and wider. There are deficiencies in human
capacities in management and planning within the KSF, when
considering a report by theAuditor General. According to this
report, the MKSF has not been able to spend the budget, therefore
marking a deficiency in planning capacities of the MKSF. Even
worse, reports talk about employment of various persons with
temporary contracts, which already raise a question mark in terms
of professionalism of the MKSF staff. KFOR has kept a strong role
in training the KSF, and there is no willingness shown by the
institutions for the KSF to begin assuming some competencies and
provide security in the country. The NATO, namely KFOR, has a key
role in building and operationalization of the KSF. As for the KIA,
a more rapid operationalization would only complement the efforts
of other security institutions. Specifically, in due regard of
analytical and research weaknesses reported in the KP, KSC and KSF,
the KIA remains to be the institution which should build sound
grounds for research, with a primary aim to identify and analyze
realistically the threats and risks posed to Kosovo and its
citizens. Tendencies for interferences in the KIA consolidation
need to be avoided, thereby avoiding the legacy of subjective
errors made in other security institutions. 41 42 43 44 45
37. 1. Nika S. Teran, Peace building and Organized Crime: the
case of Kosovo and Liberia, Swiss Peace Foundation, August 2007. 2.
B. Schneier, 2003, Beyond Fear: thinking sensibly about security in
an uncertain World, Copernicus Books, New York Auditor General,
Report of Auditor General for MKSF - 2009, Prishtina 2009 2. David
M. Law, The Post-Conflict Security Sector, Geneva Centre for the
Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Policy Paper No. 14, Geneva,
June 2006 3. EULEX Programme Report 2010: Building Sustainable
Change Together, Pristina, 2010. 4. Kosovo Police, Police guided by
intelligence, Prishtina 2010. 5. Qehaja, F., Security Policy of
Kosovo, in Security Policies in Western Balkan, Edited by M.
Hadzic, M. Timotic, P. Petrovic, Center for Civil-Military
Relations, Beograd, 6. KCSS, Context Analyses of the Security
Sector in Kosovo, KCSS, Pristina, September 2010. 7. Establishment,
operationalization and democratic functioning of the Kosovo
Security Force KCSS, June 2008. 8. Control functions of independent
state institutions in the security sector in Kosovo, KCSS July
2010. 9. Assessment of the Security Sector in the Republic of
Kosovo The Condition of Civil Protection and Emergency Preparedness
in the Republic of Kosovo, KCSS, Prishtina, December 2009. 10.
Policing in Kosovo, FIQ and Saferworld 2008 11. SRSG, Report to the
UNSC, July 12, at www.un.org 12. SRSG Report to the UNSC, Dec 1999,
at www.un.org 13. UNDP, Internal Security Sector Review, UNDP,
Kosovo, 2006 14. Koha Ditore 15. Zri 16. Kosova Sot Bibliography:
16 Reports The Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
Daily press
38. 1. Constitutional Framework of Provisional Institutions. 2.
Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo 3. Kosovo Assembly, Law on
Police 4. Law on Classification of Information and Security
Verification 5. Law on KSC 6. Kosovo Security Strategy, draft 7.
Law on KIA 8. Law on Personal Data Protection 9. Law on Reserve
Component of the KPC 1. Interview with Brahim Sadriu Communication
Officer, Kosovo Police 2. UNMIKONLINE, 2003
http://www.unmikonline.org/justice/police.htm 3. UNMIKonline 2004.
4. Ministry of the Kosovo Security Force, at
http://mksf-ks.org/?page=1,8 5. Ministry of Internal Affairs, at
www.mpb-ks.org 6. UNOSEK, Comprehensive Kosovo Status Settlement
Proposal, page 26 at www.unosek.org. Legal documents: Other: 17 The
Security Sector in Kosovo after the Independence
39. Roundtable onSecurity Sector in Kosovo after independence
18 On 15 October 2010, at Grand Hotel in Prishtina, was held a
roundtable on Security Sector in Kosovo after independence. This is
the first roundtable organized within the Security Forum. The forum
derived from cooperation of two NGOs as Civil Initiative Forum
(CIF) and Kosovo Centre for Security Studies (KCSS). In addition to
other discussions, also in this roundtable was published a study,
that provides a short overview of achievements and challenges of
security institutions in the country. The aim per se of the
establishment of the security forum is to incite appropriate
communication between civil society and institutions of security
issues, by providing other concrete studies and recommendations for
its improvement, as noticed in the roundtable. In the opening of
the roundatble were presented findings of the abovementioned
studythat consistasfollowing: Absenceoforderandruleoflawthroughout
the territory ofKosovoremainsthe key challengeforthe
instituctionsofthe GovernmentofKosovoandthe international
community; Securityinstitutionsdonothavethe readiness,andthere isa
lackofvisionintermsof assumingresponsibilitiesinthe
securitysectorfromthe international presence; Parliamentary
anddemocraticoversight ofsecurityinstitutionsisonlyinaninitial
stage ofdevelopment; Reformofthe
KosovoPolice(KP)mayflounderduetopoliticalinterferencesand
subjectiveweaknesses; Operationalization
ofKosovoSecurityForce(KSF)andthe KosovoIntelligence
Agency(KIA)isnotfollowingitsforecastsandflowsforeseen;
Aconsiderablepart oflegislationhasbeen approved,though
implementationremains concerning.Thereareseveralsignificantlawsyet
tobe approved. The welcome speech was opened by the Heads of two
foundation organizations of the Security Forum, Mr. Ramadan Qehaja,
Kosovo Centre for Security Studies (KCSS) and Ferdinand Nikolla,
Civil Initiative Forum (CIF), who spoke about the importance of the
establishment of Security Forum, NGO's willingness to cooperate
with security institutions as well as their willingnesstobecomea
part ofthe state building. Following the opening remarks, they
began a discussion, whereby a moderator passed the floor to Besnik
Berisha, Association of Security Companies, who emphasized
competencies of local bodies- responsible for security, and
according to him there is very less left for local bodies to
transfer competences from international bodies. Inter alia, Mr.
Berisha said that Kosovo Police, as a security institution, it's
not that it must be a role model, but Kosovo Police has already
become e role model in the region. As regards Mitrovica, Mr.
Berisha said that neither internationals themselves do not have a
unified opinion for northern part of Kosovo. However, we need
unified stand of theirs. He stated that there are courts; however
we need judges who wouldapply Kosovolaws. The Security Sector in
Kosovo after the Independence
40. Mesud Ademi, Kosovo Independent Agency of Criminalists,
said that we lack recommendations on solving security problems, and
dwelled on Mitrovica problem, that according to him Mitrovica is
not only security problem, it is political problem as well. He
underlined the need for establishment of security policy and taking
preventive measures and notrepressive ones. Bujar Lepaja from civil
society stated that lack of efficiency is a consequence of the lack
of citizen's awareness and appropriate information on security
issues. In addition, Mr. Lepaja added that security institutions
and Kosovo institutions in general should be more open to the
citizensandemphasizedthe needforhaving suchdebatesmoreoften.
Aleksaner Tudesco, EULEX, stated that we're not in an optimal
situation to include local judgesin the courts,inthe NorthofKosovo.
Representative of the Association of Officers and Non-commissioned
Officers of the Former Kosovo Protection Corps, emphasized that
security is not only an issue of political character, he stated as
well that 'we have potential of trained people on this issue, who
remained away from institutions. Nuredin Ibishi, UNDP spoke on
establishment of parliamentary committees that deal with security
issues such as: Oversight Committee on Kosovo Security Force,
Intelligence Committee and Committee on Security and Internal
Affairs. Mr. Ibishi, spoke also about the significanceofthe
oversight oversecuritybodies. Ferki Fejza, Environment Protection
Foundation, emphasized the need for establishment of the strategy
onnuclearsecurityandterrorism,becausesofar,inthisrespect,nothing
wasdone. In reply to the question addressed to Mr. Sheremet Ahmeti,
how is assessed current security situation in Kosovo, two years
after independence, Mr.Ahmeti answered that Kosovo is faced with
big challenges, and if there are difficulties in providing
security, this is not a consequence of malfunctioning of Kosovo
Police. He expressed the need for international support on security
issues in other parts of the country, and at the end he said that
Kosovo is a safe country. Jorgen Kalmendal, Representative of
Swedish Embassy in Kosovo, said that a lot
needstodoneinraisingawareness,andthe securityissueit isnotonlythe
issueof uniforms. Whereas,Agim Musliu from Civil Society,
emphasized that Kosovo Police, in the northern part of the country,
operates when it is authorized by higher institutions of the state.
Inter alia, Mr. Musliu, spoke about the triangle lawfulness-
institutions- people, and the need for their
cooperation,aimingbetter functioningofcompetentsecuritybodies. Mr.
Baki Kelani, Kosovo Police Spokesperson, welcomed the initiative
for facilitating the roundtable, and emphasized positive impacts
that might derive from such roundtables. He spoke about Kosovo
Police reforms, and inter alia, he said that the reform process is
being implemented gradually. Mr. Kelani stated that there is a lack
of anticorruption activity, and Kosovo Police in the northern part
of the country operates on its own capacities, in the meantimethey
are becomingmoreprofessionaldayby day. Elisa Hoxha, Ministry of
InternalAffairs emphasized the need for enhancement of
institutional cooperation. 19 The Security Sector in Kosovo after
the Independence
41. Oktobar 2010 Bezbednosni sektor na Kosovu nakon
nezavisnosti FORUMI SIGURI pr
42. Autorskopravo. Nijedandeoove publikacijenemoeseumnoavati
ilimenjatibez dozvoleizdavaa. Miljenja izneta u ovom izvetaju ili
elektronskoj publikaciji jesu Foruma za bezbednost i ne
predstavljajugleditaorganizacijeSaferworld,niti nemakeibritanske
vlade. Forum za bezbednost (FB) obrazovan je juna 2010. godine na
inicijativu dve domae organizacije, Foruma gra anskih inicijativa
(FIQ) i Kosovskog centra za bezbednosne studije (KCSS), uz podrku
organizacije Saferworld u sklopu programa Bezbedno mesto
finansiranogodstrane vladaNemakeiBritanije. FB e posluiti kao
platforma za organizacije gra anskog drutva, medije, predstavnike
akademskog sektora, studente i institucije u cilju diskusije o
kljunim pitanjima u pogledu bezbednostiirazmeneiskustva
inajboljihpraksiusferibezbednostinaKosovu. Ova prva publikacija
FB-a istie odre ene dileme u vezi sa kljunim aspektima koji
karakteriu potekoe koje preovla uju u sektoru bezbednosti. Ovo je
tek poetak aktivnosti FB-a poto se predvi ajudrugeaktivnosti
istraivanjaivo enjadebata ubudunosti. IstraivakitimFB-a:
ValdrinGraincakoordinatorForumaza bezbednostiistraiva,FIQ
SkenderPrteshikoordinatorForumaza bezbednostiistraiva,KCSS
Florentina HajdarislubenicaForumazabezbednost
43. 2 Bezbednosni sektor na Kosovu nakon nezavisnosti I.
Uvod...............5-6 II. Kratak istorijat domaih institucija
bezbednosti (1999 2008)................................7-8 Kosovska
policijska sluba Kosovski zatitni korpus (KZK) III. Kratak
istorijat domaih institucija bezbednosti
(2008-)........................................8-13 Savet
bezbednosti Kosova (SBK) Kosovska policija (KP) Kosovske
bezbednosne snage (KBS) Kosovska obavetajna agencija (KOA) IV.
Zapaanja....13-15 V. Bibliografija................16 Sadraj:
44. 1. KOA- Kosovska obavetajna agencija 2. AUVS Agencija za
upravljanje vanrednim situacijama 3. UOPS- Ustavni okvir Kosova 4.
OUVS- Odeljenje za upravljanje vanrednim situacijama 5. FIQ Forum
gra anskih inicijativa 6. EULEX- Misija Evropske unije za vladavinu
prava 7. PIK- Policijski inspektorat 8. PIS- Privremene institucije
samouprave na Kosovu 9. ISSR- Preispitivanje sektora unutranje
bezbednosti 10. KFOR- Mirovna misija NATO-a na Kosovu 10. SBK-
Savet bezbednosti Kosova 11. SK- Skuptina Kosova 12. MKBS-
Ministarstvo Bezbednosnih snaga Kosova 13. MUP- Ministarstvo
unutranjih poslova 14. IUG-Integrisano upravljanje granicom 15.
Savez severnoatlantskog pakta 16. OEBS- Organizacija za evropsku
bezbednost i saradnju 17. KP- Kosovska policija 18. CS- Centar za
praenje situacije 19. KCSS- Kosovski centar za bezbednosne studije
20. KPS- Kosovska policijska sluba 21. SSR- Reforma sektora
bezbednosti 22. KZK- Kosovski zatitni korpus 23. OVK-Oslobodilaka
vojska Kosova 24. EU- Evropska unija 25. UNDP- Program Ujedinjenih
nacija za razvoj 26. UNMIK- Misija Ujedinjenih nacija na Kosovu 27.
KKKZK-Kancelarija koordinatora Kosovskog zatitnog korpusa 3 Lista
skraenica Bezbednosni sektor na Kosovu nakon nezavisnosti
45. Ovaj izvetaj ima za cilj da prui kratku ocenu u vezi sa
razvojem bezbednosnih institucija na Kosovu, upore ujui njihovu
ulogu i odgovornosti tokom perioda funkcionisanja UNMIK-a sa
periodom nakon proglaenja nezavisnosti. Konstatacije date u
izvetaju zasnivaju se na metodologiji kvalitativne ocene koja dotie
aspekte konsolidovanja kapaciteta bezbednosnih institucija i
izazove u primeni ustavnosti i zakonitosti stavljajui u prvi plan
ulogu bezbednosnihinstitucija. 1. Nedostatak primene reda i zakona
na celoj teritoriji Kosova nastavlja da predstavlja glavni
izazovzainstitucijeVladeKosovaime unarodnezajednice; 2. Bezbednosne
institucije nemaju spremnost i nedostaje im odgovarajua vizija da
preuzmuodgovornostiusektorubezbednostiodme unarodnogprisustva; 3.
Parlamentarni i demokratski nadzor institucija bezbednosti nalazi
se u poetnoj fazi razvoja; 4. Reforma Kosovske policije (KP) moe
doiveti neuspeh kao rezultat politikih intervencijaisubjektivnih
slabosti; 5. Operacionalizacija Kosovskih bezbednosnih snaga (KBS)
i Kosovske obavetajne agencije(KOA)neprotieshodnopredvi
anjimaipredvi enojdinamici; 6. Jedan znaajan deo zakonodavstva je
usvojen, me utim primena istog ostaje zabrinjavajua.Ostala
jejonekolicinaznaajnihzakona kojinisuusvojeni. glavni Rezime
izvetaja Glavni nalazi 4 Bezbednosni sektor na Kosovu nakon
nezavisnosti
46. Kosovske bezbednosne institucije nisu razvile potrebne
kapacitete kako bi garantovale bezbednost svim gra anima Kosova.
Kao to e ovaj izvetaj u svom sadraju ukratko objasniti, razlozi za
nekonsolidovanje sektora bezbednosti nastaju kao rezultat
'privremene' politike UNMIK-a gde investicije u periodu pre
proglaenja nezavisnosti ne odraavaju sadanje potrebe u sferi
garantovanja bezbednosti na Kosovu. tavie, razvoj sektora
bezbednosti bio je glavni talac nedefinisanja statusa Kosova usled
pripisivanja dravotvornih atributa bezbednosnim institucijama.
Druga potekoa koja je uticala na razvoj ovog sektora odnosila se na
nizak nivo ekonomskog razvoja i na implikacije lokalnih politikih
krugova i pojedinaca u obrazovanjuovihsektora. Proglaenjem
nezavisnosti Kosova 17. februara 2008, arhitektura u sferi
bezbednosti odraavala je nove institucije i javila se potreba za
reformom postojeih mehanizama. Nove bezbednosne politike obuhvataju
puno novih izmena u zakonodavstvu stavljajui mnogo veu odgovornost
na plea domaih institucija. Na osnovu Ustava i zakona na snazi,
bezbednost je postala deo procesa donoenja domaih politika. Me
utim, proirivanje odgovornosti domaih institucija istaklo je dileme
u pogledu vizije i strategije koja bi trebalo da se primeni u cilju
razvoja kapaciteta domaih bezbednosnih institucija. Neke od ovih
dilema odnose se na dvosmislenost u vezi sa ulogom me unarodnog
prisustva, odnosno mandata EULEX-a posebno na severu i nedostatak
iskustva u izgradnji drave i javnih institucija. Upravo ove dileme,
istiu potrebu ocene planskih i operativnih kapaciteta ovih
institucija da garantuju bezbednostsvimgra animaKosova. tavie, za
dalji razvoj bezbednosnih institucija potrebno je razraditi
politike i konceptualne aspekte na kojima su one izgra ene,
preispitujui i iskustva drugi