saeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvis
avTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZe
musikosi, musikaTmcodne, lotbari
saeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvis
warmomavloba, arsi, daniSnuleba;
rvaxmaTas kanonika, Teoriisa da notaciis
elementebi
Tbilisi
2005
3
avtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxeb
winamdebare wigni, Tavisi Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba daiyos or
nawilad: erT nawilSi gadmocemulia kvlevis masalebi, meoreSi –
bizantiuri musikis, bizantiuri galobis Teoriis elementebi. am
ukanasknelSi mocemulia rvaxmaTas, anu damaskeliseuli saeklesio
kanonikis aRwera, kerZod, aRwerilia rvaxmaTas xmebis musikaluri kiloebi,
mocemulia rvaxmaTas xmebis daxasiaTeba, aseve aRwerilia da
daxasiaTebulia sxva musikaluri elementebi.
wignSi mowodebuli masala Tanamedrove qarTul musikalur sivrceSi
bizantiuri galobis musikaluri elementebis gadmocemis erT-erT pirvel
mcdelobas warmoadgens. amitom Znelia imsjelo mis av-kargze. albaT
Tavad es wigni iqceva sawyis, erTgvar aTvlis wertilad da erTgvar
sazomad momavali gamocemebisaTvis.
Cveni azriT, aucilebelia, rom mkiTxvelma icodes wignis avtoris,
rogorc musikosisa da Semsruleblis, profesionalizmisa da
kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. amitom mokled, oriode sityviT SevexebiT am
sakiTxs.
wignis avtori, avTandil ungiaZe, aris profesionali musikosi. 1993
wels eqsternad daamTavra saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis
humanitaruli fakulteti da mieniWa vokalistisa da lotbaris
kvalifikacia. amave fakultetze aswavlida qarTul xalxur simRerebsa
da polifoniuri improvizirebis xelovnebas. 1992-93 wlebSi muSaobda
rusTavelis saxelobis akademiuri Teatris musikalur studiaSi.
megobrebTan erTad musikalurad gaaforma reJisor robert sturuas
ramdenime speqtakli, aseve sxva speqtaklebi sxva scenebze. 1993-1996
wlebSi eweoda aqtiur saero musikalur moRvaweobas evropaSi. aris
ramdenime saerTaSoriso musikaluri festivalis monawile, maT Soris
- fraiburgis, miunxenis, vupertalisa da sxva, aseve baxis kvireulisa -
haidelbergSi da msoflio musikis festivalisa - Sveicariis qalaq
solotonSi. am ukanasknelze, garda originaluri proeqtisa, megobrebTan
da indoel musikosebTan erTad warmoadgina proeqti “qarTuli
polifonia da induri ritmebi”, romelic festivalis erT-erT yvelaze
saintereso da originalur proeqtad aRiares. megobrebTan erTad
gamoSvebuli aqvs kompaqtdiski - saxelwodebiT “Sin”, romelmac 1994
wels evropul klasifikaciaSi (sami nominaciuri parametris mixedviT)
maRali Sefasebebi miiRo, xolo jamuri SefasebiT erT-erTi pirveli
iyo.
avtoris Sesaxeb
4
1995 wels avTandil ungiaZe miiwvies germaniis qalaq laudaSi
Camoyalibebuli sasimRero gundis lotbarad da germanel musikosebs
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi Seaswavla.
avtoris profesionalizmisa da musikaluri xelovnebis Sesaxeb
arsebobs mravali publikacia evropis gazeTebsa da JurnalebSi.
magaliTisTvis moviyvanT fragments publikaciidian “Heidelberger Bach-Festwochen, 1995”, romelSic haidelbergSi baxis kvireulis programiT
qarTvel musikosTa jgufis gamosvlas avTandilisa da misi oTxi
megobris SemadgenlobiT maRali Sefaseba mieca: “qarTuli elementi
jgufSi gansakuTrebiT warmodgenilia momReral avTandil ungiaZis
meSveobiT. . . magram mainc gansakuTrebulia misi xma, arastandartuli,
Tavisi qveynis xalxuri musikis intonaciebSi fesvgadgmuli, aseve misi
manera da xerxebi, romliTac igi amkobs namRers. iq, sadac Cveni yurisTvis
orientaluri kavkasiurs xvdeba, es momRerali aucileblad aviTarebs
Tavisi qveynis avTentur xmas. drogamoSvebiT masTan erTad mRerian
misi kolegebi da miT qmnian saidumloebiT aRsavse vokalur
mravalxmianobas, romelsac Znelad Tu moswyvets kaci yurs”. msgavsi
Sefasebebia sxva publikaciebSic avTandilisa da misi megobrebis sxva
gamosvlebTan dakavSirebiT evropis did scenebze, saerTaSoriso
festivalebze.
aqtiuri musikaluri moRvaweobis paralelurad, avTandili ikvlevs
musikalur gamebsa da kiloebs, gansakuTrebiT^– aRmosavlur - indur,
palestinur, arabul, Cinur da sxva met-naklebad cnobil, aseve metad
egzotikur kiloebs. kvlevisas mas exmareba misi meore profesia - igi
aris maTematikosi (1976 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis meqanika-maTematikis fakulteti), fizika-maTematikis
mecnierebaTa kandidati. kiloTa kvlevisas igi iyenebs efeqtur
raodenobriv (maTematikur) meTodebs, rac, sxva kanonzomierebaTa
dadgenasTan erTad, iZleva temperirebis Sedegad Zvel kiloTa
cvlilebebis da maTgan gamowveuli xasiaTis analizis saSualebas.
1996 wels avTandil ungiaZem Tavi daaneba aqtiur saero musikalur
moRvaweobas. amis Semdgom misi cxovreba ukavSirdeba eklesiasa da
saeklesio musikis kvlevas.
vfiqrobT, rom avTandil ungiaZis winamdebare wigni daainteresebs
saeklesio galobis kanonikiT dainteresebul pirebsa da bizantiuri
musikis moyvarulebs.
zaza miminoSvili
musikosi.
avtoris Sesaxeb
5
winasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaoba
Zvisrfaso mkiTxvelo, wigni, romelic Sen axlaxan gadaSale, ramdenime
wlis kvleva-Ziebis Sedegs warmoadgens. Svidiode wlis win, rodesac
sapatriarqoSi qarTul teqstebze gawyobili kanonikuri melodiis
ramodenime nimuSi warmovadgineT, maSin Cveni eklesiis kaTolikos-
patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m mogvca kurTxeva, ufro
Rrmad Segveswavla warmodgenili saxis galoba, ris aRsrulebasac
didi siamovnebiT SevudeqiT. winamdebare naSromi SegviZlia am kurTxevis
aRsrulebis Sedegad miviCnioT.
kvlevisas Cvens ZiriTad mizans saeklesio galobis kanonikis
sakiTxebis Seswavla Seadgenda. am sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili kvlevebi
qarTul wyaroebSi, samwuxarod, ar Segvxvedria. amitom vfiqrobT, wigni
daainteresebs galobis kanonikiTa da saeklesio xelovnebiT
dainteresebul mkiTxvels.
nebismier kvlevas Tavisi meTodi da principebi unda gaaCndes. Cveni
midgoma am sakiTxisadmi Semdegia: saeklesio galoba RvTivgamocxadebiTi
xasiaTis matarebelia da eklesiis wminda gadmocemis mniSvnelovan
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. kanonikis SemuSavebasa da dadgenas
eklesiaSi gamorCeuli, suli wmidiT ganbrZnobili wmida mamebi
eswrafvoden. amis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani is iyo, rom swored es
RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTi yofiliyo daculi da SenarCunebuli
saeklesio xelovnebaSi da mis nimuSebSi. amitom saeklesio galobis
kanonikis kvlevisas upirvelesi da umTavresi swored eklesiis wminda
gadmocema da swavlebaa. macxovris sityvebi - “bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani
ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas” – uTuod imasac gulisxmobs, rom eklesia daicavs
da daimarxavs yvelafers, rac RvTivgamocxadebiTia eklesiaSi. marTalia,
dro-Jami Tavis kvals tovebs saeklesio xelovnebaze da misi anarekli
saeklesio xelovnebis nimuSebSic aisaxeba, magram eklesia ZiriTadad
icavs da inarCunebs saeklesio xelovnebis kanonikur arss – mis suls,
principebsa da ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebebs. saeklesio galobasTan da
xatwerasTan dakavSirebiT beri paisi mTawmindeli ase ambobs: “gava“gava“gava“gava“gava
dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven
eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev
Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.
ZiriTadi daskvna, romelic saeklesio gadmocemis safuZvelze SeiZleba
gakeTdes Semdegia: saeklesio kanonikuri galoba da bizantiuri galoba
sinonimebi arian. es galoba eklesiaSi dRemdea daculi. am galobas
winasityvaoba
6
mimsgavsebul galobas uwodeben, rac niSnavs, rom igi eklesiis mier
miCneulia angelozebis zeciuri galobis anareklad. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs
pirdapiri damadasturebeli cnobebic. magaliTad, aTonis mTis erT-
erTi monastris bers meore (msubuqad qromatuli) xmis “Rirs arsi”
angelozma aswavla. mimsgavsebuloba pirdapiraa gancxadebuli
sagalobelSi “romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT”. am
sagalobeliT marTlmadidebeli qristianebi amboben, rom qerubimebs
galobaSi vemsgavseniTo”. marTlmadideblobaSi ki formaluri,
figuraluri da Sinaarsisagan daclili araferi arsebobs.
galobis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanes cnobebs wminda werili iZleva:
gankacebulma RmerTma dedamiwaze eklesia daafuZna, Seasrula pirveli
msaxureba - did xuTSabaTs aRasrula wminda evqaristia - romlis
Semdegac man mociqulebTan erTad igaloba. mociqulebi amaRlebis
Semdegac galobdnen, anu memkvidreobiToba qristes ekelsiaSi galobis
mxrivac daculia. es cnobebi mkafiod migviTiTeben saeklesio galobis
gvar-saxeobaze. saxarebiseuli “galobaY warTqves” (maTe, 26, 30) is
sityvebia, romelic morwmuneSi aRZravs survils, yuri miugdos saeklesio
galobas da SeigrZnos masSi qristianobis gariJraJze aRsrulebuli
pirveli RvTismsaxurebis madli, qristesa da mociqulebis mier aRvlenili
galobis intonaciebi. am xmebSi da am sagaloblebSi gancxovelebulia
cisa da miwis urTierTmimarTebis sixaruli, TiTqos iSleba dro da
sivrce, da qristianebi Tavis xmas macxovrisa da mociqulebis galobas
uerTeben.
wminda gadmocemis sxva umniSvnelovanes wyaros wminda mamaTa
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb eklesiis mier daculi cnobebi
Seadgens. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania wm. ioane damaskelis
cxovreba da moRvaweoba. igi gvamcnobs, rom saeklesio galobisa da
kanonikis dadgena da dafuZneba qristes eklesiaSi - sayovelTaoobisa
da kanonikuri erTianobis mizniT - aResrula yovladwmida RvTismSoblis
kurTxeviTa da suliwmidis SemweobiT.
aseve galobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva umniSvnelovanesi cnobebia
daculi sxva wminda mamaTa cxovrebaTa Sesaxeb saeklesio gadmocemebSi.
vfiqrobT, RvTismSoblis winaswarmetyveleba imis Sesaxeb, rom
damaskeliseuli galoba qristes eklesiaSi sayovelTao iqneba da vidre
m eored mosvlamde i arseb e bs , friad mniSv n elova n i a
marTlmadidebelTaTvis. es sayovelTaoba eklesiaSi dRemdea daculi -
swored wm. ioane damaskelisa da sxva saeklesio himnografebis teqstebs
iyenebs yvela adgilobrivi da maT Soris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiac. Tumca, samwuxarod unda iTqvas, rom am mamaTa mier Seqmnili
melodiebi CvenSi istoriuli Znelbedobisa gamo daviwyebas mieca.
winasityvaoba
7
eklesiis swavlebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa saeklesio
tipikoni da saRvTismsaxuro wignebi – rvaxmaTa, TTveni, marxvani, zadiki
da sxva. isini gansazRvraven RvTismsaxurebis wessa da Semadgenlobas,
RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi am wignebis mixedviT aResruleba. isini ki
pirdapir migviTiTeben, rom RvTismsaxurebis dros unda Sesruldes
bizntiuri galoba. Tuki xatweris kanonika ganxorcielebulia uZveles
xatebSi, saeklesio galoba asaxuli da Semonaxulia saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi, romlebic calsaxad gviCveneben, rom saeklesio kanonikur galobas
(damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnili) bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens,
xolo saRvTismsaxurebo sagaloblebi bizantiuri galobis SemoqmedTa,
bizantiel himnograf-melodosTa1 sagaloblebi arian. saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi pirdapiraa miTiTebuli am SemoqmedTa saxelebi, xolo yoveli
saRvTismsaxuro sagalobeli am avtorebs ukavSirdeba.
amgvarad, saeklesio galobis arsis, istoriis, warmomavlobisa da
kanonikis Seswavlis upirvelesi da umTavresi wyaro eklesiis wmida
gadmocemaa. eklesiis wmida gadmocemis Semdeg ki sayuradReboa da
mxedvelobaSi misaRebi cnobebi istoriografiidan. rogorc meTodi, am
SemTxvevaSi unda gamoviyenoT is faqti, rom adgilobriv eklesiebSi
rigi movlenebisa paralelurad mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs, Tumca
adgili aqvs xolme qronologiur winswrebas an CamorCenas. amitom
TeTri laqebi SeiZleba Seivsos sxva qveynisa Tu sxva adgilobrivi
eklesiis istoriografiidan moyvanili cnobebiT. mniSvnelovani msgavsebebi
da paralelebia ruseTisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebSi bolo 3-4 saukunis
ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebul movlenebs Soris. amitom ruseTis eklesiis
magaliTebi da istoriul-mecniruli kvlevis Sedegebi sainteresoa
zogierTi daskvnis gakeTebisaTvis da mxedvelobaSia misaRebi. sakuTriv
saqarTvelos istoriografia ki im daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas
iZleva, rom saqarTveloSo mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi, maT Soris
saxelmwifosa da eklesiis zeobis xanaSi, bizantiuri galoba iyo
damkvidrebuli, romelic mogvianebiT partesuli tipis galobiT iqna
Canacvlebul.
saeklesio sferoSi kvlevis meTodikaSi mniSvnelobiT (ranJirebiT)
Semdegia mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebis gamoyeneba. mecnierebi qmnian
hipoTezebs, Teoriebs, analitikur masalas da a.S. es sfero gamorCeulia
subieqtivizmiT da yvelaze xSirad ganicdis araeklesiuri cnobierebis
nakadis safrTxes. magaliTisaTvis, sabWoTa periodSi oficialuri
ideologiiT uaryofili iyo RmerTi, eklesia da misi WeSmariti swavleba.
Tuki sulierebaSi marTlmadideblobis pyroba dafarulad mainc iyo
SesaZlebeli, azrovnebaSi da TeoriebSi maTi gamovlena dauSvebeli da
saxifaTo iyo. amitom sabWoTa periodis naSromebs, miuxedavad maT
1 himnograf-kompozitorTa
winasityvaoba
8
avtorTa kompetenturobisa da regaliebisa, sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT.
sabWoTa mecnierebis mier saerTod uaryofili da ugulebelyofilia
RvTivgamocxadebiToba, xolo “evolucionisturi dialeqtika”2 xSir
SemTxvevaSi imdenad damaxinjebul suraTs iZleva, rom mas realobasTan
TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo. gamoCenili mecnierebi udavod grZnobdnen
am nakls da wminda gadmocemisa da eklesiis swavlebis adgils, cnobierad
Tu qvecnobierad, eTnikur tradiciebs, miTologiasTan wilnayar
hipoTezebsa da Teoriebs uTmobdnen.
amgvarad, Cvens wignSi saeklesio galobis raobis kvlevis dros
swored zemoT moyvanil ranJirebasa da prioritetulobas vicavdiT.
amasTan, vcdilobdiT, maqsimalurad dagveZlia subieqtivizmi. kvlevisas
calsaxad mivediT daskvnamde, rom saeklesio kanonikur galobas – am
cnebis zusti gagebiT – warmoadgens bizantiuri galoba. magram gvinda
davarwmunoT Cveni oponentebi, rom Cven ar moviTxovT bizantiuri
galobis erTaderTobas da mis sayovelTao damkvidrebas saqarTveloSi.
galoba kanonikis sferos ganekuTvneba da uSualod ar ukavSirdeba
sulis cxonebis sakiTxs. amitom Cven aravis ganvikiTxavT da miviCnevT,
rom galobis yvela met-naklebad tradiciul saxeobas aqvs arsebobis
ufleba. Cven aravis movuwodebT, rom mogvbaZon. magram aseve gaugebaria
da did uxerxulobebs iwvevs Tavad eklesiisTvis, rodesac xdeba
kanonikuri galobis akrZalva, galobisa, romelic yvela adgilobriv
eklesiaSi arsebobs, Tanaarsebobs sxva gvaris galobebTan.
wignSi mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobili bizantiuri musikis
Teoriasa da kanonikis elementebs. Cven SevecadeT, rom sakiTxTa farTo
speqtrs SevxebodiT. amitom masalis moZieba sxvadasxva wyaroSi mogvixda,
ZiriTadad berZnul, bulgarul, rusul da inglisur wyaroebiSi. iyo
sirTuleebi – magaliTad terminologiasTan dakavSirebiT. erTbaSad
yvela problemis gadawyveta SeuZlebelia. vfiqrobT, am mimarTebiT
momavalSic bevri iqneba gasakeTebeli.
gvinda madloba gadavuxadoT yvelas, vinc Tanadgoma da daxmareba
gagviwia am wignis Sedgenis dros. maTi realuri Sewevnis gareSe am
naSromis daZleva SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
dasasrul aRvniSnav, rom Cven mzada varT konstruqciuli dailogisa
da TanamSromlobisaTvis. miviRebT yvela miukerZoebel SeniSvnasa da
rCevas. vsasoebT RmerTs da gvaqvs didi survili, rom aravin ganvikiTxoT.
da Tuki am mimarTebiT zogjer sisustes viCenT da vcodavT xolme,
Sendobas viTxovT.
avTandil ungiaZe
2 am terminiT pirobiTad aRvwerT am periodis mecnierTa kvlevis meTodsa da
midgomebs
winasityvaoba
Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I
raTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsad
vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT
n etar ars eri igi, romelman icis galoba�����
�Seni,� ufalo. fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16
10
Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I
raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT
1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba����� warTqves” warTqves” warTqves” warTqves” warTqves”
saeklesio galobis garSemo mimdinare polemika naTlad gviCvenebs,
rom mopaeqreTagan mravals bolomde gacnobierebuli ara aqvs TviT
saeklesio galobis arsi, misi daniSnuleba da adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi.
maT argumentebSi ikveTeba, rom isini saeklesio galobas ar ganixilaven
kanonikurobis princi pidan gamomdinare. da Tu mainc saubroben
kanonikurobaze, gulisxmoben tradiciasa da tradiciulobas, es maSin,
rodesac saeklesio galobis kanonika am kanonikis damdgenis - wm.
ioane damaskelis droidan dRemde eklesiis mier mkafiod garkveuli,
daculi da Semonaxulia. kanonikurobis ugulebelyofis erT-erTi
magaliTia is, rom galobas RvTismsaxurebis erTgvar musikalur
gaformebad miiCneven. amitom dasaSvebad miaCniaT adgilobriv eklesiebSi
adgilobrivi eris, metic, eris romelime eTnikuri jgufisa Tu gvar-
tomis musikaluri tradiciidan gamomdinare (imis miuxedavad, rom es
tradiciebi da formebi epoqisa da ama Tu im gare zegavlenisagan
radikalurad SeiZleba Seicvalos), SesaZlebelia iyos gansxvavebuli
saxis galobac. da rac aseve sakvirvelia, miaCniaT, rom TviT adgilobriv
eklesiaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes kanonikuri galobis ramdenime sistema,
kuTxurobis niSnis matarebeli. aqedan gamomdinare, saeklesio galobas
eris kulturul monapovrad miiCneven da erovnulobas (kuTxurobasac
ki) zogadeklesiurze win ayeneben.
davsZendiT, rom galobis eklesiurobisa da kanonikurobis sakiTxi
scildeba esTetikisa Tu xelovnebis, aseve adgilobrivi tradiciebisa
Tu musikaluri Sexedulebebisa da gemovnebis sferoebs, vinaidan
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri galoba RvTismsaxurebis erT-
erT formas warmoadgens da RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTis matarebelia.
RvTis sadidebeli galoba rom zeciuri warmomavlobisaa, wmida mamebs
amis dasturad mravali sabuTi mohyavT. sazogadod eklesiaSi, maT
raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT
11
Soris saqarTvelos adgilobriv eklesiaSi, moqmed tipikonsa da
saRvTismsxurebo wignebSi daculi da miTiTebuli galoba aris saeklesio
kanonikuri galoba (romelsac Semdgom bizantiuri galoba ewoda), wm.
ioane damaskelis mier dadgenili da mis sicocxleSive qceuli erTiani
eklesiis (aRmosavleTis eklesiis) kanonikur galobad. saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi sruliad mkafiodaa miTiTebuli, Tu romeli gvaris sagaloblebi
unda igalobebodes: esaa damaskeliseuli, anu wm. ioane damaskelis mier
dadgenili kanonikiT Seqmnili sagaloblebi, anu bizantiuri sagaloblebi.
amitom saeklesio kanonikuri galobisa da bizantiuri galobis cnebebi
sinonimebs warmoadgens.
eklesiis swavlebiT, saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galoba
saTaves iRebs daviTis fsalmunTa galobidan,
Zvelebrauli, palestinuri, siriuli da elinuri
musikaluri xelovnebidan. rac Seexeba axali
aRTqmis eklesias, masSi galoba Tavad ieso
qristem da yovladwmida RvTismSobelma
akurTxes, mociqulebma daafuZnes, Semdeg wmida
mamebma ganavrces da ganamravles sagaloblebi.
galoba msaxurebaSi Tavad macxovarma gamoiyena:
roca macxovarma did xuTSabaTs pasqaluri
saRamo aRasrula da evqaristiis saidumloebis
dadgeniT mas gansakuTrebuli, sruliad axali,
pirveli qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis
mniSvneloba SesZina, man da mociqulebma “galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�����
warTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a s
zeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasa” (maTe, 26, 30). ase Caeyara
safuZveli galobas qristes eklesiaSi. RvTismsaxurebaSi misi gamoyeneba
kurTxeulia Tavad macxovris piradi magaliTiT. wmida mociqulebma es
magaliTi miiRes da ganamtkices: isini amaRlebis Semdeg, Jamnobebze
locvisas RmerTs ugalobdnen (saqme 16,25).
wm. ioane oqropiri aRniSnavs, rom Ze RmrTisam adamianebs mogvitana
“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi” da miT miwa
zecad aqcia. “mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”
(maTes saxarebis ganmarteba). es WeSmarit qristianTa upiratesobaa, da
“ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”. wm. aTanase didi ambobs: “ufals“ufals“ufals“ufals“ufals
undoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyo
da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”. sakiTxi imis Taobaze,
rom swored bizantiur galobaSia Semonaxuli da daculi galobis is
gvari da saxe, romelic macxovarma piradi magaliTiT dagviwesa, aseve,
rom yvelaze metad masSia Semonaxuli macxovris, mociqulebisa da
eklesiis wmida mamebis mier gadmocemuli Tu Seqmnili sagaloblebis
12
melodiebi, “raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”, eklesiis mier calsaxad
garkveuli, aRwerili da dadasturebulia, efuZneba RmrTisa da
RvTismSoblismier kurTxevebs, eklesiisa da wmida mamebis swavlebebsa
da gadmocemebs, da mravali saswauliTa da niSniT aris ganmtkicebuli.
amitom sruliad bunebrivia, marTlmadidebel qristianebs uCndebaT
survili, miiRon da SeuerTdnen eklesiis gamocdilebas.
macxovris piradi magaliTi, TviT gvar-saxeoba galobisa mociqulebma
miiRes, daicves da eklesias gadmosces. Tavdapirveli eklesia Tavisi
RvTiuri moZRvrebis magaliTs mTeli gulmodginebiT misdevda da, rogorc
aRmosavleTis patriarqebi amboben, miT eklesia saRvTo, samociqulo da
sawinaswarmetyvelo saqmes asrulebda. darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia Soreul warsulSi wmidad inaxavda da
icavda Tavis sagaloblebs. pavle mociqulis sityvebidan gamomdinare
(1 kor. 14, 40) SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom galobas Tavisi wesi da rigi
hqonda da mociqulebis mier dadgenili wesis mixedviT sruldeboda.
mociqulebis Semdgom, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da
suli wmidis SemweobiT, wm. ioane damaskelisa da sxva wm. mamebis
RvawliT, es sagaloblebi, kanonizebuli, tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi Setanili da aRniSnuli, dadginda marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi.
qristes eklesias RvTivkurTxeuli da uflis mier boZebuli arasdros
araferi daukargavs. dRes aTonis mTaze da sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi
arsebuli galobis saxiT daculia swored es kanonikuri, saeklesio
galoba. saqarTveloSi XVIII saukunis Sua wlebamde moqmed tipikons
ewodeboda sabawminduri tipikonis aTonuri redaqcia, romelic Semdgom
slavuri tipikonis mixedviT anton kaTalikosma Seaswora. am Sesworebis
miuxedavad tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi sagaloblebis
aRniSvna-miTiTebebi ar Secvlila, Tumca, rogorc Cans, am periodidan
moyolebuli, farTod gaeRo kari ruseTidan Semosul mraval siaxlesa
da tradicias, romelic Semdgom, erovnul Targze morgebuli, damkvidrda
rogorc qarTuli tradicia. saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi sagaloblis
xmis, melodiis, avtoris Sesaxeb arsebuli miTiTebebi kargavs Tavis
Sinaarssa da mniSvnelobas da formalobad iqceva.
qarTuli, rusuli da berZnuli wyaroebi calsaxad aCveneben, rom
saqarTveloSi RmrTismsaxureba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod erTi
formiT, bizantiuri galobiT aResruleboda, vidre mogvianebiT es
galoba mravalxmiani galobiT ar iqna Canacvlebuli. (am faqts aravin
uaryofs, uTanxmoeba Canacvlebis vadebs exeba. istoriuli cnobebi,
ruseTSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan paralelebi, mecnieruli kvlevebi
sakmaod didi damajereblobiT aCveneben, rom es Canacvleba moxda ara
uadres me-17 saukunisa, savaraudod me-18 saukuneSi). mravali wminda
mama iRvwoda saqarTveloSi bizantiuri galobis damkvidrebisaTvis.
13
saeklesio tradiciis Tanaxmad, bizantiuri sagaloblebi iTargmna mraval
adgilobriv, maT Soris, qarTul enaze. aTonisa da sruliad saberZneTis
garda es galoba dRemde daculia ierusalimis, siria-palestinis,
bulgareTis, rumineTisa da serbeTis adgilobriv eklesiebSi. ruseTSi
igi zogierT monasterSi igalobeba, igalobeba erSic, sadac Seqmnilia
bizantiuri galobis Semsrulebeli gundebi.
bizantiuri sagaloblebi bolo periodSi iTargmna sxva enebzec da
evropis, amerikisa da msoflios sxva qveynebis mraval adgilobriv
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi gadaiRes da daamkvidres.
2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli
galoba RvTisadmi aris ara mxolod adamianis sulis locviTi
grZnobebisa da miswrafebebis gamovlineba, aramed aseve zeciuri usxeulo
Zalebisa da wmida angelozebisac. Sesabamisad, eklesiuri galoba zeciuri
warmomavlobisaa. iobis sityvis Tanaxmad (iobi, 38, 7), xiluli samyaro
Semoqmedisadmi sadidebeli galobiT misi SeqmnisTanave axmianda. Semdgom
rCeul adamianebs – winaswarmetyvelebs - aRtacebis Jams samhipostasuri
RvTisadmi usxeulo arsebebis galoba esmodaT.
esaia winaswarmetyvelma (es. 6, 2. 3.) ixila
ufali, maRal taxtze mjdomare. igi
garSemortymuli iyo eqvsfrTovani
serafimebiT, romlebic erTimeores
exmianebodnen da ambobdnen: “wmida ars! wmida
ars! wmida ars! ufali sabaoT”, anu serafimebi
erTmaneTs RmrTis sadideblad ganawyobdnen,
urTierT SexmianebiT TavianT Sinagan
sixarulsa da netarebas amravalkecebdnen.
garda amisa angelozebis ciuri galoba
gaigones beTlemelma mwyemsebma qristes Sobis
Jams. maSin zeciurma mxedrobam maTi yurTasmena aRavso miwieri bgerebiTa
da adamianuri xmebiT da aRavlina axali galoba: “dideba� maRalTa
Sina RmerTsa da queyanasa zeda mSvidoba� da kacTa Soris saTnoeba�”.
RvTismSoblis miZinebis dros mociqulebs esmodaT uxorco ZalTa
galoba. mwyobr gundad mgalobeli serafimebi cidan, xolo angelozebi
miwaze gvaswavlian RmrTis Wvretasa da galobiT mis didebas.
saeklesio swavlebiT (rac damowmebulia uamravi saswaulebrivi
gamocxadebiT), swored bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens zeciuri galobis
anarekls. zogierTi galoba uSualod angelozebma aswavles Tu ukarnaxes
adamianebs. magaliTisaTvis, cnobilia, rom X saukuneSi aTonis mTis,
kariesis im monastris bers, romelSic “Rirs arsis” wm. xati iyo
14
dabrZanebuli, gamoecxada angelozi da aswavla sagalobeli “Rirs
arsi” meore xmis qromatul kiloSi. am monasterSi dRemde mxolod
am meore xmis “Rirs arss” galoben, masve galoben sxva monastrebsa da
taZrebSi. es is qromatuli kiloa, romelic wm. ioane damaskelma
rvaxmaTas meore xmas daudo safuZvlad. am da sxva uamrav SemTxvevaTa
gamo eklesia bizantiur galobas uwodebs angelozebriv galobas,
zeciurisadmi mimsgavsebul galobas, qerubimTa galobas. saRmrTo
liturgiis erT-erT yvelaze amaRlebul wuTebSi mTeli eklesia da
eklesiis yoveli wevri erTxmad RaRadebs:
“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da
cxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisa
galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”
vfiqrobT, qerubimni swored im galobiT adideben RmerTs, romelic
RmrTisTvis metad saTnoa. bizantiuri galoba ki, rogorc vTqviT,
swored am galobis anareklia. da gana RvTivkurTxeul galobas
ganuwyvetliv, yoveldRiurad “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” mRaRadebeli
eklesia ar daicavda da ar daicavs? da gana sityvebma “saidumlod
vemsgavseniT”, romelic qerubimTa galobas exmianeba, xolo mimsgavseba
bizantiur galobasac gulisxmobs, dakarges Tavisi mniSvneloba da
Sinaarsi?
3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli
ZvelTaganve sagaloblebs, uZveles melodiebs Txzavdnen eklesiis
aRmSeneblobis sibrZniT gasxivosnebuli, RvTismosaobiTa da wminda
cxovrebiT, aseve mravali sulieri niWiT gamorCeuli adamianebi, Zveli
aRTqmis, pirvel da Sua saukuneebSi
moRvawe udidesi mamebi. qristianu-
li eklesiis kano- nikuri sagalo-
blebis Semqmnel da damdgen wminda
mamebs RmerTi Seewe- oda, rac mravali
saswauliT aris da- dasturebuli. ma-
galiTad: wm. romanoz tkbiladmgalo-
bels galobis niWi RvTismSoblis na-
Cuqari gragniliT miemadla, aseve
RvTismSobelma gan- kurna Rirsi mama
ioane damaskeli da xalifas mier mokveTili xeli gaumTela,
RvTismSoblisganve miemadla fexis kurneba aTonel mgalobel ioane
kukuzelsac.
bizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnuli
15bizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnuli
saeklesio galobis Camoyalibebis procesis gvirgvinad iqca wm. ioane
damaskelis Semoqmedeba. igi Tavad yovladwmida RvTismSobelma akurTxa,
Seeqmna galoba, romelic mTeli eklesiis galobad
iqceoda da vidre meored mosvlamde
igalobeboda. sabawmidis monasterSi moRvawe
damaskelma, kosma maiumelTan da monasterSi
moRvawe sxva mamebTan erTad, suliwmidis
SemweobiTa da daxmarebiT, am saRvTo saqmes
warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi da mis mier
dadgenili galoba mis sicocxleSive iqca
aRmosa vleTis (rac igiv e a -
marTlmadidebeli) eklesiis kanonikur
galobad. man srulyo “wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis
fasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli ti pikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni11111,,,,, romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs
ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca
saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul
adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari
tititititi pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiT
damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba” (giorgi papadopulosi, “bizantiuri
saeklesio musikis istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa droidan Cvens
dromde”, aTeni, 1904w.). “VIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiis
istoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidis
SesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozma
ierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiis
himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;
himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,
kanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxe” (elene metreveli, “Zlispirni da
RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 07-08).
wm. ioane damaskeli warmoSobiT sirieli iyo _ damaskodan. aseve
mis winamorbed, Tanamedrove Tu Semdgom moRvawe mamaTagan, romlebic
qmnidnen, avsebdnen da srulyofdnen eklesiis kanonikur _ bizantiur
galobas, iyvnen araberZeni warmomavlobisa da araberZnuli kulturis
mimdevari mamebi. TviT wm. ioane damaskelis moRvaweobis dros sabawmidis
monasterSi iyvnen palestineli, sirieli da sxva berebi, maT Soris,
qarTveli mamebic, romlebic, bunebrivia, monawileobdnen kanonikuri
sagaloblebis Seqmnisa da Camoyalibebis procesSi, galobasa da
sagaloblebSi maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri elementebi SehqondaT.
“palestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kera
bizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centric
1 wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac xmarebaSia
16
iyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIII
(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli
literaturliteraturliteraturliteraturliteraturis istois istois istois istois istorrrrria,ia,ia,ia,ia, t t t t t I, I, I, I, I, 1 1 1 1 1960,960,960,960,960, gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; P. Peeters, Le trefondsoriental de I’hagiographie byzantine, Bruxells, 1950,g v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesi
liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.
amas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavloba
iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-
zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (Sin.34), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis
leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (Sin.37), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari
(xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. H – 2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-
sinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebi” (elene metreveli, “Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”,
gv. 07). “ierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTan
aris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebis
etap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes ac
liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.
sabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT da
maTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTa
koleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac Tavi
moeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqve
da sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiis
bevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivma
da aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTa
mdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSi” (elene metreveli,
“Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 03). saeklesio galobis reformam
– kanonikis Seqmnam “moiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axali
TvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobac
mimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebis
wreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan did
SemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZen
poetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. am
intensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunis
sinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axali
moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da am
droisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvas
warmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSi
warmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyveti
xazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmiduri
himnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqael
modrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdis
lavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTuli
17
himnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gza” (elene metreveli,
“Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 08).
ai, aseTi mWidro SemoqmedebiTi kavSiri iyo aRmosavleTis eklesiis
xalxebs Soris, romelTa erToblivi Rvawli saeklesio kanonikuri,
bizantiuri galobis SeqmniTa da aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi damkvidrebiT
dagvirgvinda. amitom bizantiuri galobis mxolod berZnulad miCneva
araeklesiuria, aramecnierulia da savsebiT umarTebulo midgomaa. aqedan
gamomdinare, am galobis mimTvisebeli berZenni, bizantiur musikaSi berZenTa
didi Rvawlisa da berZnuli kulturis mniSvnelovani wvlilis
miuxedavad, aseve araberZenni, romlebic bizantiur galobas berZnulad
warmoadgenen da mxolod berZenTa kuTvnilebad Tvlian, aramarTebulad
iRvwian da eklesiis erTianobas arRveven.
mniSvnelovani da arsebiTia gansxvaveba im berZnebsa da araberZnebs
Sorisac, romlebic bizantiur galobas berZnuls uwodeben. araberZenni
am galobas postbizantiuri saberZneTis mier Seqmnil galobad miiCneven.
berZnebi ki, ZiriTadad, bizantiamdels, Zvels, elinurs gulisxmoben.
isini, sazogadod, bizantiur kulturas berZnul fenomenad miiCneven,
rac, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, Cveni azriT, aramarTebulia. magaliTisaTvis
mogvyavs amonaweri serveTisa da kozanis mitropolitis _ episkopos
dionisios l. fsarianosis naSromidan “bizantiuri musika berZnul
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi”, aTeni, 1960 w.: “bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris
liturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi
da misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurveli
gavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnul
warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini (bizantiuri musika – a.u.) gaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba im
TvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantias
uk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuri
warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.” episkoposi miiCnevs, rom bizantiuri galobis
elementebi bizantiuri warmomavlobisaa, oRond sazogadod bizantiur
musikalur xelovnebas ZvelberZnulad miiCnevs. mogvyavs kidev erTi
amonaridi imave naSromidan, romelic savsebiT sworad ganmartavs
bizantiuri galobis raobas: “marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika
aris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvs
samRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi Sesrulebis
areali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduri
profanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisagan
aSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebis
“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad
garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”. berZenTa mxriv “dasakuTrebis” aseTi
tendenciis miuxedavad, isini ar uaryofen, rom bizantiuri galoba aris
mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri galoba, masSi Sobili da
18
RvTismsaxurebis “Tanaarsi”. amitom es Tvalsazrisi, romelic, Cveni
azriT, mikerZoebulia, mainc ar arRvevs eklesiis kanonikur mTlianobas.
bizantiur galobas mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikur galobad
miiCnevs uklebliv yvela adgilobrivi eklesia. magaliTad, wignSi -
”ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ”, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìàíàñèéï. Òîäîðîâ, IV èçäàíèå, Ñèíîäèàëüíî Èçäàòåëüñòâî - romelic
warmoadgens bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sinodalur
gamocemas, pirdapir weria, rom bizantiuri galoba mTeli
marTlmadidebeli (aRmosavleTis) eklesiis kuTvnilebaa da ara romelime
adgilobrivi, Tundac berZnuli eklesiisa. zogadad unda iTqvas, rombulgareTis marTlmadidebel eklesias ar daukargavs aRmosavleTis
eklesiis kanonikuri galoba, SeinarCuna rogorc sagaloblebi, ise codna
eklesiis kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobisa da misi notaciis Sesaxeb,
miuxedavad imisa, rom mogvianebiT, ruseTis gavleniT, polifoniurma
galobam masSic moikida fexi. faqtobrivad bulgareTSi daculi
bizantiuri galobis saxiT saxezea aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri
galoba slavur enaze. erTaderTi ena, romelzec bizantiuri galobis
praqtika ar SenarCunda, qarTuli enaa. es faqti qarTuli
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebulobisa da, metadre,
aRmatebulobis damadasturebel argumentad ar unda iTvlebodes.
rac Seexeba ZvelberZnul xelovnebas, Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar uarvyofT
kanonikur galobaze Zveli berZnuli kulturis, musikaluri azrovnebisa
da musikaluri sistemebis Zlier gavlenas da kanonikuri galobis
safuZvlebSi misi elementebis CarTvas. magram, rogorc zemoT ukve
aRvniSneT, bizantiuri galobis kanonikis SeqmnaSi monawileobdnen
araberZeni mamebic. bizantiuri xelovnebis SeqmnaSi maTi wvlili da
Rvawli sruliad aSkaraa. Tavi rom davaneboT bizantiuri musikaluri
xelovnebis fenomenis Camoyalibebis, daxvewisa da ganviTarebis procesze
qarTveli, somexi da sxva erebis xelovnebis gavlenas, sruliad gaugebaria
masze Zvelebrauli, palestinuri da siriuli xelovnebis gavlenis
uaryofa. bizantiur musikaSi am gavlenis kvali da musikaluri elementebi
SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac kargad Cans. zogierTi amas postbizantiur,
Turqul gavlenad miiCnevs, rac savsebiT mcdari da alogikuria.
sinamdvileSi sruliad sapirispiro movlenas hqonda adgili:
maRalganviTarebuli bizantiuri kulturis gavleniT Camoyalibda
kulturisa da xelovnebis armqone Turquli tomebis kultura da
xelovneba; Turquli musikaluri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi sayovelTaod
aris cnobili konstantinepolis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis cnobili
mgaloblebisa da musikosebis roli. aseve sayovelTaod, dokumenturadaa
cnobili konstantinepolis marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi mkacri
kontrolis arseboba, romlis mizani ara mxolod kanonikuri galobis
19
gareSe elementebis SeWrisagan dacva iyo, aramed eklesiis wiaRSive
Sobili, magram kanonikuri galobisaTvis miuRebeli elementebis
gavrcelebis aRkveTac.
Cven aseve ar ugulebelvyofT dRevandel galobaSi postbizantiuri
periodis berZeni moRvaweebis, gansakuTrebiT petre
peloponeselis († 1777), Semoqmedebasa da wvlils.
magram aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom maT mier
gadamuSavebuli da adaptirebuli Tu Seqmnili
sagaloblebi dawerilia bizantiuri galobis
kanonikis sruli dacviT; anu es melodiebi da kiloebi
damaskeliseul kanonikur xmebs miekuTvnebian da
kanonikuri melodiuri formulebis, sxva musikaluri elementebis
gamoyenebiTa da mkacrad dadgenili wesebis dacviT arian agebulni.
saeklesio kanonikis Rirseba swored is aris, rom istoriul
memkvidreobasTan erTad igi iZleva cocxali, SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis
saSualebas, sazogado formebisa da elementebis matarebelic aris da
calkeuli marTlmadidebeli erebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis
damtevic. kanonika swored imisTvis dadginda, rom Semoqmedeba dasaSveb
zRvars ar gascdenoda da eklesiisTvis miuRebeli esTetika, Sinaarsi
da formebi ar warmoeSva.
rac Seexeba qarTul istoriografias, istoriul cnobebSi
“bizantiuris” magivrad sityva “berZnulis” gamoyeneba araviTar
gaugebrobas ar iwvevs . istoriulad isini sinonimebad damkvidrdnen
da aseTi midgoma sazogadod mTeli RvTismsaxurebis wessa da mis
elementebze vrceldeboda.
gamocemis winasityvaobaSi, romelic “bizantiuri tradiciiT galobis”
rubrikiT gamodis da Rirsi ioane damaskelis qmnilebas - paseqis
kanons eZRvneba, gamocemis avtori, i. boldiSeva wers: “berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli
eklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxal
marTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. Tavisi
saTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisa
mravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebis
da sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTeli
marTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavs
ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,
aramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvis
naTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTi
gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.
20
4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa
eklesiaSi RvTismsaxureba gawyobilia rva xmaze. “rva xmaTa” (anu
paraklitoni, igive oqtoixosi) wm. ioane damaskelma Seadgina da
daamkvidra aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi. yoveli dRis tipikonis gansazRvra
rva kviris ciklur monacvleobas emyareba, romelSic TiToeul kviras
Tavisi sakuTari xma aqvs, da romelic mkafio miTiTebebs Seicavs imis
Taobaze, Tu romeli sagalobeli romel xmaSi da romel melodiaze
unda vigaloboT. sagaloblis kanonikurobis erT-erT pirobas swored
sagaloblis xmasTan Sesabamisoba warmoadgens.
saeklesio ti pikonSi da saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi - paraklitonSi, JamnSi, marxvanSi,
sadResaswaulosa da a.S. - miTiTebuli
sagaloblebis xmebi swored wm. ioane damaskelis
mier dadgenil musikaluri xmebia. “rva xmaTas”
es sagaloblebi aris ara romelime eris, aramed
erTiani marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, misi yvela
wevris sakuTreba da RvTismsaxurebis
aucilebel saxelmZRvanelo elements warmoadgens. amitom vuwodebT
maT saeklesio, kanonikur xmebs2.
teqstur-musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, TiToeul xmaSi sagalobelTa
sakmaod didi moculoba Sedis (xmaTa umravlesobisaTvis maTi raodenoba
mniSvnelovnad aWarbebs aTass). sagaloblebi ori sawyisis - sityvisa
da melodiis erTianobas qmnis. wminda musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, xma
warmoadgens yalibs, CarCos, Targs, romlis farglebSi da romlis
mixedviTac unda Camoyalibdes da aigos kanonikuri sagalobeli. yovel
xmas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri elementebi: musikaluri
gama da kilo, ZiriTadi bgerebi (tonika, dominant-subdominantebi),
melodiuri da intonaciuri formulebi, melodiuri kadenciebi, dasawyisi,
Sualeduri da damasrulebeli muxlebis sawyisi da bolo bgerebis
ganlagebebi, modulaciebi - e.w. gadaxris muxlebi, aseve emociuri
xasiaTi da sxva elementebi. es elementebi bizantiur galobas, mis
xmebs aniWeben gvaris mdgradobasa da simyares, simwyobresa da wesrigs,
galobis xasiaTis erTobasa da cnobil idealTan siaxloves. “rva
xmaTas”, rogorc musikalur-samgaloblo sistemisa da saeklesio galobis
ZiriTadi kanonis, erT-erTi mTavari daniSnulebaa, daicvas saeklesio
galoba TviTnebobisagan, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Seuferebeli
bgeraTrigebis an sasimRero saxeobebis arCevaSi, iseTi melodiebis
2 mraval eklesiaSi, sadac dasavleTis gavleniT polifoniuri galoba damkvidrda,
veRar vxvdebiT kanonikur xmebsa da kiloebs. isini faqtobrivad dayvanilia evropul
maJorsa da minorze.
21
SeqmnaSi, romlebic eklesiaSi dadgenil galobas ar miesadageba; anu,
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, daicvas igi nebismieri Semoqmedebisagan,
romelic galobis kanonikasTan, mis kriteriumebTan SeuTavsebelia.....
wm. ioane damaskelis sidiade imaSic Cans, rom man paraklitonSi
Setanil sagaloblebs, maTi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, iseTi musikaluri
kiloebi da melodiebi SeurCia, romlebic mlocvelisaTvis sagaloblis
locviT Sinaars metad misawvdomsa da aRqmads xdis. wm. ioane damaskelma
saeklesio galobis xmebisTvis oTx diatonur kilosTan erTad SearCia
da daadgina aRmosavleTis eklesiis arealisaTvis (maT Soris ebraeli,
siria-palestineli, arabi da sxva xalxebisTvis) niSandoblivi da Cveuli
ori qromatuli da ori enharmoniuli kilo3. man gamoarCia da daakanonaam kiloebis Sesabamisi da eklesiisTvis misaRebi melodiebi, aseve sxva
musikaluri elementebi; gansazRvra melodiis komponirebis wesebi, anu
Seqmna kanoni, romlis mixedviTac unda Camoyalibdes sagaloblis melodia.
eklesiis sxva wmida mamebis mier srulyofili da ganmtkicebuli es
kanonika miiRes aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi aucilebel saxelmZRvanelo
elementad da sayovelTao wesad. warmoadgens ra teqstisa da kanonikuri
musikaluri xmis mixedviT dawerili melodiis erTobas, galobis ori
elementidan romelime erTis gamokleba an ugulebelyofa arRvevs
saeklesio wessa da galobis kanonikas, SeuZlebels xdis RvTismsaxurebis
aRsrulebas tipikonis sruli dacviTa da daurRvevlad.
5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni
saqarTvelo imTaviTve ufrTxildeboda deda eklesiasTan erTianobas
da misi RvTivkurTxeuli ganawesis miRebisa da saqarTveloSi
damkvidrebisaTvis zrunavda: “maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,
romelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangeba�
dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” (gr. xanZTelis cxovreba); “adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli
liturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduri
warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa” (prof. elene metreveli “xmeani galoba uZveles
qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi”); “saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva� da wesi da wesi da wesi da wesi da wesi
locvisalocvisalocvisalocvisalocvisa� daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni
moaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisa� - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. (f.
Jordania. mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, SiomRvimis lavrisTvis
micemuli 1123 wels, gv. 10-11).
3 imdroindelma dasavleTis eklesiam, romelic jer kidev eklesiis wiaRSi imyofeboda,
aRmosavleTis eklesiis mibaZviT aseve Seqmna “rva xmaTas” kanoni. man xmebisTvis oTxi
diatonuri kilo SearCia, xolo Semdgom am oTx xmas misive msgavsi oTxi gverdiTi
xma daumata.
22
sityva “mexelis” etimologias gvixsnis k. kekeliZe, romelic saubrobs
“mexelis” “exos”-idan (Ηχος-xma) warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. aq “Ηχος” –“xma” -aRniSnavs kanonikur, damaskeliseul musikalur xmas, xolo Tavad
mexeleoba - kanonikuri sagaloblis Targmnas, anu Targmnil teqstze
sagaloblis kanonikuri melodiis dadebas, gawyobas. wm. giorgi
mTawmidelis anderZi naTels hfens mexeleobis arssa da mexeleebis
moRvaweobas. qarTul istoriografiaSi es sakiTxi kargad aris
Seswavlili. “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im
dros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTeli
himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).
miqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebeli
da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” (prof. e. metreveli “xmeani galoba
uZveles qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi”).
amgvarad, saqarTvelos istoriografia adasturebs, rom me-12 saukunis
CaTvliT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi galobdnen eklesiis kanonikur, bizantiur
melodiebs, xolo originaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi am kanonikis
sruli dacviT iqmneboda. imas, rom mamebi eruli tradiciebis eklesiaSi
SeWris winaaRmdeg ibrZodnen da rom me-12 saukuneSi saeklesio galobis
gaxalxureba ar momxdara, is faqtic adasturebs, rom “ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis
1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros
yovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdeg
gailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxua����� samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo� da � da � da � da � da sofliosofliosofliosofliosoflio����� wesi”. wesi”. wesi”. wesi”. wesi”.
(ivane javaxiSvili “qarTuli musikis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi).
aTenis universitetis profesorma, grigori staTisma dagvidastura,
rom saberZneTSic msgavsi cnobebia daculi. manve ZvelberZnul da qarTul
xelnawerebSi daculi nevmebis Sedarebisas aramcTu maTi msgavseba,
zogierTi maTganis identurobac daadastura. gacilebiT adre nevmebis
msgavsebaze mosazreba cnobilma mkvlevarma Tibom gamoTqva (Abbe J. B.Thibaut): “qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul
fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”
amasve adasturebs germaneli mecnier-musikosi, oskar flaiSeri, romelic
ambobs, rom qarTuli nevmebi bizantiuri warmoSobis yofila (“NeueMusik-Zeitung”, Stutt.. 1920. Das georgische Volkslied und die Kultur der Georgier). XIII-XVII saukuneebSi saeklesio galobis Sesaxeb cnobebi SedarebiT
mwiria. miuxedavad amisa, maTSi mainc Cans, rom bizantiuri galobis
kvali saqarTveloSi XVII- XVIII saukuneebSic gvxvdeba4.
4 ufro detalurad es sakiTxebi gadmocemulia bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli
jgufis mier gamocemul naSromSi “ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi”, Tbilisi,
2001 w. am gamocemis Semdeg sxva mniSvnelovani faqtobrivi masala iqna mopovebuli
da damuSavebuli. isini dasaxelebul naSromSi gadmocemul masalas azusteben da
mniSvnelovnad avseben, aseve oponentTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis usafuZvlobasa
da aramecnierulobas adastureben.
23
6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi
dasavleT evropisa da ruseTis istoriografiam da mecnierebma,
XIII-XVI ss periodis Sesaxeb masalebma, gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT metad zusti da sarwmuno cnobebi da naSromebi Semogvinaxes.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, Tvali gavadevnoT zeciuri galobis
miwier musikad gadaqcevis istorias, rac arsobrivad da qronologiurad
dasavleTis eklesiis gandgomas, dacemasa da miwieri, kacobrivi
gangebulebis organizaciad gardaqmnas ukavSirdeba.
dasavleTi jer kidev antikur msoflioSi aRmosavleTis erTgvar
sulier provinciad warmoCnda. politikaSi romi mbrZaneblobda, magram
sulieri impulsebis – religiuris, filosofiuris da esTeturis
wyaro saberZneTi iyo. qristianobis xanaSic dasavleTis eklesiis
gandgomamde aseTive mdgomareoba iyo. msgavsad imisa, rom ZiriTad
dogmatur sakiTxebze kamaTi aRmosavleTSi mimdinareobda da es sakiTxebi
swored iq wydeboda, saRvTismsaxuro galobis fundamenturi debulebebic
aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi Camoyalibda da dadginda. es fuZemdebluri
debulebebi Semdgom gaiziara da gadaitana dasavleTis eklesiam. sanam
aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebi erT mTlianobas Seadgendnen,
saeklesio galobis ganviTarebis etapebi da Sedegebic msgavsi iyo:
orive eklesiaSi damkvidrda “oqtoixosi” (“rva xmaTa”) da nevmuri
notacia. kilo-melodiaTa ramdenadme gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad,
sagalobelTa sistemebi orivegan oqtoixosis erTnair musikalur-
Teoriul kanons daeqvemdebarnen. aseve, samgaloblo praqtikis erTianobis
mizniT, es sistemebi orivegan erTnairad dafiqsirda: aRmosavleTisa –
wm. ioane damaskelis oqtoixosSi da dasavleTisa - pap grigori
didis antifonariumSi. “”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis
Seqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa da
motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi” (À. Íèêîëüñêèé,Êðàòêèé î÷åðê èñòîðèè öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ â ïåðèîä I-X âåêîâ). am erTianobis miuxedavad mainc arsebobda principuli gansxvaveba,
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi gaRrmavda. kerZod, aRmosavleTis eklesiam
mTlianad uaryo warmarTuli musika im TvalsazrisiT, rom ukuagdo
yovelive warmarTuli, yovelive is, rac ar gardaisaxa axalaRTqmiseuli
cnobierebis prizmaSi. “vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari
unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”, – wers klimenti
aleqsandrieli. aRmosavleli wmida mamebi weren axal galobaze, rogorc
saidumlo gzaze, romelsac adamiani RvTis Semecnebisaken mihyavs.
amis sapirispirod, Tumca dasavleli avtorebis umravlesoba musikis
warmarTul bunebas kargad acnobierebda da mis warmomavlobas muzebsa
da apolons ukavSirebda, dasavleTi saboloo uars mainc ar ambobda
24
antikur xelovnebaze. sazogadod, amgvarma midgomam – aragardasaxuli
warmarTuli sistemis cnebam da cnobierebam – Sva dasavluri Semecnebisa
da msoflmxedvelobis specifiuri dualizmi, romelic saboloo jamSi
“orgvarovani WeSmaritebis” doqtrinad Camoyalibda. am doqtrinis
mixedviT, RvTivgamocxadebiTi WeSmariteba da empiriuli, an filosofiuri
“WeSmariteba” SeiZleba ise Tanaarsebobdnen, rom erTmaneTs
ewinaaRmdegebodnen, magram ar gamoricxavdnen erTmaneTs, erTi ar spobdes
meores.
momavalSi xsenebuli dualizmis erT-erT xatovan dadasturebad,
sxva faqtebTan erTad, iqca dasavleTis eklesiaSi orRanis Setana.
mwvaleblobaSi Cavardnis kvalad dasavleTis eklesia TiTqmis
erTdroulad ambobs uars saeklesio samgaloblo tradiciis or ZiriTad
principze: mis mkacrad vokalur xasiaTsa da calsaxad melodiur
Sinaarsze. samagierod mas xmarebaSi Semoaqvs, erTi mxriv, orRani, rogorc
gunduri galobis Tanmxlebi instrumenti, xolo meore mxriv, aviTarebs
kontrapunqtis xelovnebas da samgaloblo praqtikaSi mravalxmianoba
Semoaqvs. ipova ra noyieri niadagi grigorianuli “Cantus firmus”-ismelodiebis saxiT, am mcdelobam evropuli musikis renesanss misca
dasabami, ramac SemdgomSi miwieri sidiadisa da mSvinvieri silamazis
gansacvifrebel simaRleebs miaRwia.
7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi
dasavleTis eklesia miRweuls ar dasjerda da marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis wiaRSi Tavisi samgaloblo praqtikis danergvas yovelnairad
cdilobda. me-17 saukuneSi man SeZlo gavlenis moxdena poloneTis
kaTolikur mosaxleobasTan momijnave ukrainis samgaloblo skolebze,
romlebSic dasavluri yaidis galoba “kievski napevis” saxiT gavrcelda.
gavlenis gafarToebis mizniT, galobis es forma moskovis mimarTulebiT
ruseTis eklesiebisaken daiZra.
saRvTismetyvelo, eklesiur, bizantologiur da musikis sakiTxebSi
uaRresad kompetenturi specialisti, ivane gardneri5, Tavis fundamentur
naSromSi “ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba,
- arsi, sistema da istoria” (jordanvili, niu-iorki, 1978 w), ruseTis
eklesiis galobis istorias or periodad yofs:
“1. erTxmiani (unisonuri) saRvTismsaxuro galobis batonobis epoqa,
galobisa, romelsac ar ganucdia dasavluri saero gavlena. es epoqa
5 ivane gardneri, daibada 1898 w., daamTavra belgradis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo
fakulteti, Semdgom germaniaSi miunxenis universitetis filosofiis fakulteti
(slavistika, bizantologia, musikaTmcodneoba), miunxenis universitetis filosofiis
mecnierebaTa doqtori
25
grZeldeboda ruseTSi organizebuli qristianuli eklesiis daarsebidan
me-17 saukunis Sua wlebamde.
2. dasavluri, ZiriTadad saero yaidis mravalxmiani galobis batonobis
epoqa. am epoqisaTvis, romelic iwyeba me-17 saukunis dasawyisidan da
dRemde grZeldeba, damaxasiaTebelia saRvTismsaxuro-sakraluri
xelovnebis TandaTanobiTi Secvla saero musikiT, sxva sityvebiT –
saeklesio galobis TandaTanobiTi sekularizacia liturgikuli
samgaloblo formebis saero musikaluri formebiT TiTqmis srul
Secvlamde”6.
dekanozi boris nikolaevi wers7: “VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi
sabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofel
nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan – rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad (igulisxmeba sabawmidis tipikoni
da damaskelis “rva xmaTa” - a.u.). ruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelma
eklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobis
ZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTari
kamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc is
ar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmi
mkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva juris
TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”
moSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSi
“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani” (igulisxmeba rvaxmaTas xmebi – a.u.) melodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramed
uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba” (Ïðîòîèåðåé ÁîðèñÍèêîëàåâ “Çíàìåííûé ðàñïåâ . . . “, 1995 ã., ñ. 70-71). xolo d. razumovski me-19 saukuneSi werda: “. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis
(rvaxmaTas – a.u.) musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom
aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad undaundaundaundaunda
6 ”1.Ýïîõà ãîñïîäñòâà îäíîãîëîñíîãî (óíèñîííàãî) áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ, íåèñïûòàâøåãî íà ñåáÿ çàïàäíûõú ñâåòñêèõú âëèÿíèé. Ýòà ýïîõà ïðîäîëæàëàñü îòíà÷àëà îðãàíèçîâàííîé õðèñòèàíñêîé öåðêâè íà Ðóñè äî ñåðåäèíû 17-ãî âåêà;2.Ãîñïîäñòâî ìíîãîãîëîñíîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó, ÷àñòî ñâåòñêîìó îáðàçöó. Äëÿýòîé ýïîõè, íà÷èíàþùåéñÿ ñåðåäèíîé 17-ãî âåêà è ïðîäîëæàþùåéñÿ ïî ñåé äåíü,õàðàêòåðåíú ïîñòåïåííûé ñäâèã áîãîñëóæåáíî-ñàêðàëüíîãî èñêóññòâà â ñòîðîíóñâåòñêîé ìóçûêè, äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè – ïîñòåïåííàÿ ñåêóëÿðèçàöèÿ öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ,âïëîòü äî ïî÷òè ïîëíîé çàìåíû ëèòóðãè÷åñêèõ ïåâ÷åñêèõ ôîðì ñâåòñêèìèìóçûêàëüíûìè ôîðìàìè”.7 “ VIII âåêå îêîí÷àòåëüíî óòâåðäèëñÿ â öåðêîâíîì óïîòðåáëåíèè áîãîñëóæåáíûéóñòàâ ñ åãî íåîòúåìëåìîé ÷àñòüþ – îñìîãëàñèåì Ðóññêàÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíàÿ Öåðêîâüïðèíÿëà îñìîãëàñèå êàê îñíîâíîé çàêîí öåðêîâíî-áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ áåç âñÿêèõðàññóæäåíèé, è íèêàêèõ ñïîðîâ ïî ýòîìó ïîâîäó íå áûëî, êàê è íå áûëî èõ è âöåðêâàõ Âîñòîêà. Îäíàêî íåâåðíûé ïîäõîä ê ýòîìó âîïðîñó èññëåäîâàòåëåé äàëèïîâîä ðàçíîãî ðîäà ñàìî÷èííèêàì è ðåâíèòåëÿì ìíèìîé «êóëüòóðû» öåðêîâíîãîïåíèÿ íå òîëüêî èãíîðèðîâàòü íåâîçìîæíîñòü ãëàñîâîé ìåëîäèè â îòíîøåíèèîòäåëüíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé, íî è îòðèöàòü ñàìó îáÿçàòåëíîñòü îñìîãëàñèÿ âîîáùå.”
26
imarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnair
Tavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolis
eklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsac
Tavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, dawerili
seklesiseklesiseklesiseklesiseklesio xmis garo xmis garo xmis garo xmis garo xmis gareSe”eSe”eSe”eSe”eSe”8 (Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â. «Áîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèåÏðàâîñëàâíîé Ãðåêî-Ðîññèñêîé Öåðêâè», Ì. 1886, gv.50). Tu rogori «proizvoli» ganxorcielda ruseTSi kanonikuri galobis
SecvliT, xolo mogvianebiT rogor SeiWra ruseTis eklesiaSi
mravalxmiani galoba, es sakiTxebi zedmiwevniTaa Seswavlili da
dokumenturadaa gadmocemuli ruseTSi, da ara marto ruseTSi. gamokvleva
“Èñòîðèÿ ðóññêîãî öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ” (http://www.mediaterra.ru) gvauwyebs:“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.
tradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTisken
piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:
“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi
adamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebis
saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,
romelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidan
italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .
swored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesio
galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.
“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls
zvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTs9.”.”.”.”.”
8 «. . . ñàìîå ìóçûêàëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî Îêòîèõà ïðèâîäèò ê ìèñëè, ÷òî áîãîñëóæåáíîåïåíèå Âîñòî÷íîé Öåðêâè íåèçìåííî äîëæíî óïðàâëÿòñÿ îñìîãëàñèåì è ÷óæäàòüñÿâñÿêîé ïðîèçâîëüíîé ìåëîäèè. Òàêîâî ìíåíèå íûíåøíåé ÊîíñòàíòèíîïîëñêîéÖåðêâè è ïðàêòèêà Ãðå÷åñêîé Öåðêâè, êîòîðàÿ â ñâîèõ íîòíûõ êíèãàõ íå èìååò íèîäíîé ìåëîäèè, íàïèñàííîé âíå öåðêîâíîãî ãëàñà.»9 “Ñ XVII ñòîëåòèÿ íà÷èíàåòñÿ íîâûé ïåðèîä ðóññêîé èñòîðèè. Òðàäèöèîííàÿâèçàíòèñêàÿ îðèåíòàöèÿ ñìåíÿåòñÿ îáðàùåíèåì ê çàïàäó. Ýòî ðàñêàëûâàåò ðóññêîåîáùåñòâî íà äâà ëàãåðÿ: “ðåâíèòåëåé ñòàðèíû” è “çàïàäíèêîâ”. . . Áëèæàéøèìïðèìåðîì åâðîïåéñêîãî îáðàçà æèçíè è ìûøëåíèÿ ÿâëÿëñÿ äëÿ ðóññêèõ ëþäåéóêëàä æèçíè ïîëüñêîãî êîðîëåâñêîãî äâîðà, êîòîðûé óñâàèâàë ìíîãîå èç òîãî, ÷òîáûëî ïðèâíåñåíî ñ çàïàäà èòàëÿíñêèì Âîçðîæäåíèåì, Ðåôîðìàöèåé,Ïðîñâåùåíèåì. . . Èìåííî ñ ýòèì íîâûì òå÷åíèÿìè ñâÿçàíî ïðîíèêíîâåíèåçàïàäíîãî ìíîãîãîëîñèÿ â ðóññêîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå. Ýòî òàê íàçûâàåìîå “ïàðòåñíîåïåíèå”, êîòîðîå, êàê ëàâèíà îáðóøèëàñü íà ðóñü â êîíöå XVII â.”
moskovis sinodaluri saswavleblis galobis maswavlebels, antonin
preobraJenskis, Tavis statiaSi (Ïðåîáðàæåíñêèé À. È.: Èçú ïåðâûõúëåòú ïàðòåñíàãî ïåíèÿ â Ìîñêâå. «ÌÑ», 1915, ¹3, ñòð. 33-41)moyvanili aqvs patriarqebis - paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari
antioqielis sigeli, romelic maT 1668 wels daweres moskovSi, sadac
ruseTis mefis miwveviT iyvnen Casulebi. sigelis dawera moskovis wm.
27
ioane RvTismetyvelis eklesiis mrevlis Txovnam ganapiroba. rusul
istoriografiaSi (ix. i. gardneris zemoT dasaxelebuli wigni – gv.
135-136) daculia cnoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimarTa moskovis
xsenebuli eklesiis mrevlma stumrad myof patriarqebs, neba daerToT,
TavianT eklesiaSi SeetanaT dasavluri yaidis mravalxmiani galoba da,
aseve, «kievelebis» mier moskovSi gavrcelebuli sxva gansxvavebanic -
yovelive is, rac manamde ucxo iyo moskovisaTvis. amis Taobaze i.Ygardneri
wers10: “amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,
rogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesio
galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,
gamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesio
kanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o d
d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a (gamoyofa teqstSi yvelgan avtoriseulia –a.u.)
saekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebis
- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic
maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,
partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:
“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas
avaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieri
dabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca ara
aRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTu
qveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTan
momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.
am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,
dasavluridasavluridasavluridasavluridasavluri yaidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -
T u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuro
gamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuli
galoba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi
10 “Ïðè ýòîì âàæíî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî ìíîãîãîëîñèå (ò.å. êàêú åãî íåêîòîðûå íàçûâàþò«ãàðìîíè÷åñêîå») õîðîâîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå, ïîëó÷èâøåå âú ðóññêîé öåðêâè åäâà-ëè íå åäèíñòâåííîå, ãîñïîäñòâóþùåå çíà÷åíèå, íå ïðåäïèñàíî öåðêîâíûìèïðàâèëàìè, öåðêîâíûì ïðåäàíèåìú, à ò î ë ü ê î ä î ï ó ù å í î äëÿáîãîñëóæåáíîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Äîïóùåíèå ýòî îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà ãðàìîòåïîòðèàðõîâú Ïàèñèÿ Àëåêñàíäðèéñêàãî è Ìàêàðèÿ Àíòèîõèéñêàãî, äàííîé èìèâú 1668-ìú ãîäó âú Ìîñêâå. Î ìíîãîãîëîñíîìú, ïàðòåñíîìú õîðîâîì ïåíèè âîâðåìÿ áîãîñëóæåíèÿ ãîâîðèòñÿ â ýòîé ãðàìîòå ñëåäóþùåå: «Ñâîáîäíî óáî òâîðèìúâñÿ ïðîùåíèÿ èõ1 â ãðàìîòå ñåé ïîìÿíåííàÿ âú ñîáèòèå ïðèâîäèòè âñÿêàãîïðåïÿòèÿ êðîìå îòú êîåãî ëèáî ëèöà è ñàíà íèæå âñÿ óäåðæàõîìú è ïåíèÿèìåíóåìàãî ïàðòåñíàãî, àùå è íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå, èáî èñòðàíàìú ïðèåìøèìú å âú óïîòðåáëåíèå íèêèìæå îõóæäàåìè». Èç ýòîãî òåêñòà âèäíî, ÷òî õîðîâîå ïåíèå ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó í å ï ð å ä ïè ñ à í î, à òîëüêî äîïóùåíî äëÿ áîãîñëóæåáíàãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ âú ðóññêîéöåðêâè, âú Ìîñêîâñêîì öàðñòâå. . . Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå, ÷òî ïàðòåñíîåïåíèå «íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå» äàåòú ïî÷óâñòâîâàòü íåêèé îòòåíîêú
28
miRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gunduri
mravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
gadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemas, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac
es galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebas
maTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelic
yvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina am
patriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluri
saxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiis
RvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revolucias
saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.
mTeli am istoriidan metad sagulisxmo daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba.
kerZod:
1. aSkarad Cans, rom saqme Seexeba marTlmadideblobisaTvis ucxo,
mravalxmiani galobis Setanas eklesiaSi. amisaTvis wm. ioane
RvTismetyvelis taZris mrevlisTvis aucilebeli xdeba nebarTvis
miReba. amitom mimarTa man TxovniT aRmosavleTis eklesiis
dasaxelebul patriarqebs.
2. saqme rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis ucxo movlenas Seexeba,
es Cans patriarqebis frTxili damokidebulebidanac: isini Tanxmobas
ki ar aZleven mrevls maT Txovnaze, aramed mxolod aRniSnaven, rom
«winaaRmdegi ar arian» am siaxlisa. aseve igrZnoba, rom maT, pativiT
miRebulT da dafasebulT, euxerxulebaT uaris Tqma da, Tumc
winaaRmdegi ar arian am siaxlis Setanisa erT konkretul, moskovis,
rogorc gardneri aRniSavs, maTTvis ucxo rusul eklesiaSi, mainc
dasZenen, rom am gvaris galoba eklesiis gadmocemiTa da kanonikiT
ar aris daSvebuli: “ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis
eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”11.....
3. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom antioqel patriarq makaris, romelic
ruseTSi wasvlamde saqarTveloSi imyofeboda da ruseTidanac kvlav
saqarTveloSi dabrunda, agreTve aleqsandriis patriarq paisis,
romelic aseve saqarTvelodan waiyvanes ruseTSi, kargad ecodinebodaT
saqarTveloSi arsebuli galoba. Tuki qarTuli galoba iqneboda
polifoniuri da amavdroulad mravalsaukunovani, tradiciuli da
eklesiis mier kanonikurad miCneuli, cxadia patriarqebi ar
íåóâåðåííîñòè: ýòî õîðîâîå ìíîãîãîëîñíîå ïåíèå íå ïðèíàäëåæèòú ïðåäàíèþïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè, íî íå ñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, ïàòðèàðõè, êîòîðûìú ýòî ïåíèå áûëîñîâåðøåííî ÷óæäî, íå âîçðàæàëè ïðîòèâú åãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ âú ÷óæäîé èìú ðóññêîéïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè, êîòîðàÿ âñÿ÷åñêè ÷åñòâîâàëà è óáëàæäàëà ýòèõ ïàòðèàðõîâú.. . Êàê áóäåò âèäíî äàëåå, ââåäåíèå ìíîãîãîëîñíàãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìóîáðàçöó âú áîãîñëóæåíèå ðóññêîé öåðêâè, îçíà÷àëî íàñòîÿùóþ ðåâîëþöèþ âúáîãîñëóæåíîìú ïåíèè.”11. « àùå è íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå».
29
gamoiCendnen aseT sifrTxiles da ar Cawerdnen, anda sxvagvarad
Cawerdnen sigelSi faqtobrivad gansazRvrebis tolfas debulebas
“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.
4. sigelis zemomoyvanili teqstis bolo winadadeba - “rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs
(igulisxmeba kievis ruseTi da misT. – a.u.), romlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igi
miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” - miuTiTebs amgvari galobis gviandelobaze
da im droisTvis aratradiciulobaze. amasve adasturebs evropeli
misionerebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: rom me-17 saukunis 20-
an wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiebSi bizantiuri saxis galoba iyo.
magaliTisaTvis, 1627 wels espaneTis mefe filipe IV-isadmi sabWos
mier wardgenil narkvevSi vkiTxulobT: iberielebi “yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi
misdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTa
uwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar aris
araviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebs
Soris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isini
umaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel am
berZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul rituals (marTlmadideblur wirva-locvas - a.u.); amamamamam
qveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuli
sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT” (i. tabaRua, saq. evr.
arq da wign. sac. II gv.173-174). amitom unda vigulisxmoT, rom
mravalxmianoba qarTul eklesiaSi me-17 saukunis 20-iani wlebis
Semdgom damkvidrda. am logikas mihyveba aseve patriarqebis: nikonis
– ruseTSi, da anton I-is – saqarTveloSi reformatoruli saqmianoba
da Sedegebi12.
5. mrevlis Txovna Seexeboda mravalxmiani galobis Setanas mxolod
maT samrevlo taZarSi da ara mTel rusul eklesiaSi, sigelic
mxolod am eklesiisaTvis aris dawerili. Tumca, rogorc gardneri
aRniSnavs, dasavluri gvaris galobis mimarT amgvarma kompromisma
revolucia gamoiwvia ruseTis, da ara marto ruseTis eklesiebSi.
amgvarad, ruseTSi mravalxmiani galobis gavrcelebis istoria,
qarTul istoriografiaSi daculi cnobebi - me-17 saukunidan
saqarTveloSi kaToloke misionerebis gaaqtiurebis, maT mier dsavleT
saqarTveloSi samgaloblo skolebis gaxsnisa da galobis gavrcelebis,
aseve - kaTalokos anton I–is ruseTis yaidaze reformatoruli
moZraobebis Sesaxeb sruliad eTavsebian erTmaneTs da miuTiTeben
movlenaTa ganviTarebis msgavs logikasa da Sedegebze. miTumetes, rom
12 savaraudoa, rom polifonouri galoba saqarTveloSi swored antonis dros iyos
Semosuli. Tumca bizantiuri galobis kvali saqarTveloSi XIX s-Sic Cans. Tavad
antoni Tavis sagaloblebs bizantiuris mixedviT werda: ZiriTadad msgavsebi jdeba
saTviTxmovnoebis zomaSi da maTi Sesruleba prologebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia.
30
saqarTvelos ruseTis gavlenis sferoSi moqcevis kvalobaze partesuli
galobis gavrcelebis nebayoflobiTobas cvlis Zalismieri meTodebi,
rasac adasturebs i. gardneri zemoT dasaxelebul wignSi: “dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri
yaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidan
moyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulo
ganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaoba
saRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikas
SoSoSoSoSorrrrris. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tipikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebo
miTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSi
peterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobis
wesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSva
kapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalma
n. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementze
sabolood sabolood sabolood sabolood sabolood imarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiT
ki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas princiinciinciinciinci pi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikulad
karis galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorze
. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen
saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemas”13
8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,
mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni
friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?
daviT maCabeli wers (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.
maCabeli “ciskari” #5, 1884w.): “yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi
galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli da
italianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravals
erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTa
13 “ñî âðåìåíè ââåäåíèÿ ìíîãîãîëîñíîãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó èïî ïðè÷èíå åãî íåîáûêíîâåííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ âú ñåðåäèíå 19-ãî âåêà, ðàçíèöà ìåæäóáîãîñëóæåáíûìú ïåíèåì è ñâåòñêîé âîêàëüíîé õîðîâîé ìóçûêîé äåëàåòñÿ âñåìåíåå è ìåíåå ÿñíîé . . . Îêîí÷àòåëüíûé óäàðú óñòàâíûìú óêàçàíèÿìúîòíîñèòåëüíî áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ áûëú íàíåñåíú âú ñåðåäèíå 19-ãî âåêàèçäàíèåì è ïðèíóäèòåëüíûìú ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåìú îáèõîäà ïðèäâîðíîãî ïåíèÿÏåòåðáóðãñêîé Ïðèäâîðíîé Ïåâ÷åñêîé Êàïåëëû. Èçäàíèå ýòî áûëî âûïóùåíîäèðåêòîðîì Êàïåëëû, ãåíåðàëîìú À. Q. Ëüâîâûìú, à çàòåìú - ãåíåðàëîìú Í. È.Áàõìåòåâûìú. . . Âú ïðèäâîðíîìú íàïåâå íàäú ìåëîäè÷åñêèìú ýëåìåíòîìðåøèòåëüíî ïðåîáëàäàåòú ãàðìîíè÷åñêèé, ìíîãîãîëîñíûé ýëåìåíòú. À ýòèìú åùåáîëüøå íàðóøàåòñÿ ïðèíöèïú îñìîãëàñèÿ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïðèäâîðíûé íàïåâúñâåëñÿ äâóãëàñèþ: êú ìàæîðó è êú ìèíîðó. . . Âú ýòîìú îòíîøåíèè ìèðñêèÿöåðêâè î÷åíü äàëåêî îòîøëè îòú áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî ïðåäàíèÿ âîîáùå“.
31
sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa (xazgasma Cvenia, a.u.), moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,
galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr
gamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma
erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,
ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs
Rarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi
hpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa
samefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da
samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”1414141414.....
wm. ioane oqropiris TqmiT, keTilbunebovani saeklesio galoba
eklesiis mwyemsTa xelSi qristianTa amqveyniur amaoebaTa da sazrunavTagan,
Teatralur siamovnebaTagan da eretikul SekrebaTagan mowyvetis
mniSnelovan da qmediT saSualebas warmoadgens. papizmis eresma RvTaebrivi
galoba miwieri musikiT Secvala, sulieri – mSvinvieriT, saeklesio
xelovneba – saeroTi. sxva SemTxvevaSi “filitizmis” suliskveTebis
gavleniT saeklesio xelovnebaSi folkloristikis moWarbeba xdeba.
da galoba igi, simReradqmnili, gascda WeSmariti eklesiis kedlebs da
frak-babTosan Tu qamar-xanjlosan dasTa mier iqca mesebis, koncert-
festivlebis, xelovanTa TavSeyrisa da TavSeqcevis sagnad, moergo scena-
Teatronebs, Jurnal-gazeTebis saxotbo publicistikas da amiT gaamJRavna
Tavisi miwieri buneba. is, rac misaRebi da Tundac saamayoa saero
cxovrebisaTvis da misi dawesebulebebisaTvis, xSirad miuRebeli da
SeuTavsebelia eklesiisaTvis.
8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . “gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,
mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni
friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?
daviT maCabeli wers (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.
maCabeli “ciskari” #5, 1884w.): “yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi
galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli da
italianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravals
erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, gamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTa
sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa (xazgasma Cvenia, a.u.), , , , , moyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaos
sisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac
elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniers
14 rogorc Cans, XIX saukunSi saqarTveloSi orive gvaris galoba – bizantiuri
da polifoniuri – Tanaarsebobda.
32
kilozed kilozed kilozed kilozed kilozed xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.
xolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa
xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosa
kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdviles
Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesios
sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.
wm. ioane oqropiris TqmiT, keTilbunebovani saeklesio galoba
eklesiis mwyemsTa xelSi qristianTa amqveyniur amaoebaTa da sazrunavTagan,
Teatralur siamovnebaTagan da eretikul SekrebaTagan mowyvetis
mniSnelovan da qmediT saSualebas warmoadgens. papizmis eresma RvTaebrivi
galoba miwieri musikiT
Secvala, sulieri – mSvinvieriT, saeklesio xelovneba – saeroTi. sxva
SemTxvevaSi “filitizmis” suliskveTebis gavleniT saeklesio xelovnebaSi
folkloristikis moWarbeba xdeba. da galoba igi, simReradqmnili,
gascda WeSmariti eklesiis kedlebs da frak-babTosan Tu qamar-
xanjlosan dasTa mier iqca mesebis, koncert-festivlebis, xelovanTa
TavSeyrisa da TavSeqcevis sagnad, moergo scena-Teatronebs, Jurnal-
gazeTebis saxotbo publicistikas da amiT gaamJRavna Tavisi miwieri
buneba. is, rac misaRebi da Tundac saamayoa saero cxovrebisaTvis da
misi dawesebulebebisaTvis, xSirad miuRebeli da SeuTavsebelia
eklesiisaTvis.
9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?
dasavleTis eklesiam, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sulieri galobis
sanacvlod, SeiTvisa kontrapunqtis xelovneba da “harmoniuli” galoba,
ris Sedegadac mSvinvieri musika daamkvidra. mkvlevrebi am saxecvlilebis
kanonzomierebas sxvadasxvagvarad xsnian. erT-erTi gavrcelebuli
TvalsazrisiT (ix. mag. “Òåîðèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ”15), es movlena
ukavSirdeba TviT mravalxmianobis bunebas. aRniSnulia, rom erTxmianobis
mTavari musikaluri elementia melodia16, romelic droSi ganfenil
bgeraTa mimdevrobisagan warmodgeba. es mimdevroba qmnis droSi ganfenil
erTgvar melodiur xazs, rac Cvens warmosaxvaSi sufTa droiTi
grZlivobis SegrZnebebs iwvevs da samganzomilebian sivrciT
warmodgenebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. maSin rodesac: “mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba
uciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveni
cnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiis
15 http://www.mediaterra.ru.16 melodia xSirad sruldeba isonis (banis) TanxlebiT. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi xdeba
isonis dublireba dominantur bgerebze.
33
gareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galoba
Cvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobis
warmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi es
sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,
anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,
mravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiT
Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”17.
niSandoblivi paralelis gavleba SeiZleba xatwerasTan. xatweraSi
mesame ganzomilebis Setana samganzomilebiani sivrcis perspeqtivis
warmosaxvasa da SegrZnebebs badebs, gamosaxuleba moculobas iZens,
xorcs isxams da amqveyniuri xdeba. amis Sedegad xatweris simbolizmi
- nivTierqmnili, da kanonika, rogorc aseTi, qrebian. saeklesio galobaSi
mesame ganzomilebis rols asrulebs harmonia, rasac kontrapunqtis
xelovneba warmoSobs, da galoba, rogorc zemoT iTqva, iqceva mSvinvier,
ara WvretiT, aramed grZnobad musikad. am TvalsazrisiT xatwerisa da
galobis kanonikebs Soris didi msgavsebaa.
10. ti10. ti10. ti10. ti10. ti pikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu uti pikonodpikonodpikonodpikonodpikonod
ivane gardneri zemoT dasaxelebul naSromSi
(gv. 78-79) aRniSnavs, rom dasavluri yaidis
partesulma galobam SeuZlebeli gaxada
eklesiaSi arsebuli da moqmedi tipikoniT
RvTismsaxurebis Catareba, rom partesuli galobis SemotaniT eklesiidan
tipikoniseuli galoba ganidevna, rom saero eklesiebSi galobam dakarga
Tavisi ZiriTadi - RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi formis – daniSnuleba
da musikaluri gaformebis, sagundo musikis smenis, xSirad - koncertis
xasiaTi SeiZina.
dRes eklesiaSi moqmedi tipikoni calsaxad gviCvenebs (amis Sesaxeb
ufro dawvrilebiT Semdeg TavSi iqneba saubari), rom saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi miTiTebulia damaskeliseuli kanonikiT, damaskeliseuli xmebis
mixedviT da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi dasaxelebuli bizantiuri
17 “ìíîãîãîëîñèå íåèçáåæíî âûçûâàþò â ñîçíàíèè ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûå îùóùåíèÿ.Íàøå æå ñîçíàíèå óñòðîåíî òàê, ÷òî ïðîñòðàíñòâî íå ìûñëèòñÿ âíå ìàòåðèè,âíå âåùåñòâà . . . Âîò ïî÷åìó îäíîãîëîñèå âûçûâàåò â íàøåì ñîçíàíèèïðåäñòàâëåíèå î íåêîåì íåìàòåðèàëüíîì, äóõîâíîì ïðîöåññå, â òî âðåìÿ, êàê âìíîãîãîëîñèè ýòîò ïðîöåññ êàê áû îáðåòàåò òåëåñíîñòü. È åñëè îäíîãîëîñèå, èëèìîíîäèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïðîÿâëåíèå èñòèííîé äóõîâíîé ìîëèòâû, òîìíîãîãîëîñèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîþ îáðàñòàíèå ýòîé ìîëèòâû ÷óâñòâåííîñòüþè äóøåâíîñòüþ“.
34
saeklesio musikis Semoqmedi himnograf-kompozitorebis mier Seqmnili
sagaloblebi da melodiebi.
11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe
ieso qriste da mociqulebi erTxmian sagaloblebs galobdnen.
morwmunisaTvis es ukve sakmarisi motivia, raTa RvTis sadideblad
manac imave gvaris galoba airCios.
vinmem kidec rom gaiziaros yovlad warmoudgeneli Tvalsazrisi,
TiTqos eklesiam, yovelRiuri, ganuwyveteli RvTismsaxurebis miuxedavad,
yovelive RvTivgamocxadebiTi da RvTivkurTxeuli saeklesio wesis
mimarT misi didi sifrTxilis miuxedavad, mainc dakarga saeklesio
kanonikuri galoba, erTi ram utyuaria: swored bizantiur galobaSia
yvelaze metad SenarCunebuli is melodiebi, romlebsac macxovari da
mociqulebi, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wminda mamebi galobdnen.
morwmunisaTvis es sakmarisze meti motivia, raTa man RvTis sadideblad
bizantiuri galoba airCios.
amboben, samxmianoba warmoadgens wminda samebis simbolos da amitom
samxmiani galoba wminda samebas ufro srulyofilad adidebs, vidre
erTxmianio. eklesiis arc erT wminda mamas es azriar gamouTqvams im
ubralo mizezis gamo, rom es sakiTxi eklesiologiur sakiTxTa rigs
ar ganekuTvneba. Zneli warmosadgenia, rom wm. ioane damaskels, romelmac
mogvca marTlmadideblobis zusti ganmarteba da amave dros iyo
musikaluri xelovnebisa da musikaluri Teoriis Rrma mcodne, am
sakiTxisaTvis yuradReba ar mieqcia. igive SeiZleba iTqvas sxva wminda,
RvTivganbrZnobil mamebze. wminda samebis yvela simbolo mocemulia
wmida werilSi da TviTSemoqmedeba da TviTneboba am sakiTxSi friad
saxifaToa.
is, vinc ioane petriwis cnobil mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT iziarebs
zemoTqmul Sexedulebas wm. samebis simbolos Sesaxeb, sammagi Secdomis
msxverpli xdeba:
1. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araswor interpretacias ukeTebs ioane
petriwis erT gamonaTqvam sityvebs, radgan petriwis gamonaTqvami
saerTod ar Seexeba galobasa da sasuliero musikas. mas es mosazreba18
simebian sakravTan dakavSirebiT aqvs gamoTqmuli;
2. arc sakravTan mimarTebaSi Seexeba ioane petriwis es gamonaTqvami
sazogadod samxmianobas (polifonias), aramed gulisxmobs sami
18 TavisTavad isic sakamaToa, ramdenad esadageba ioane petriwis gamoTqmuli mosazreba
saeklesio swavlebas.
35
registris erTi bgeris erTobis sakiTxs, unisons sam registrSi.
meore mxriv, miniSnebis dayeneba simbolos rangSi, rogori moxdenilic
ar unda iyos is, igivea, rom miwiers mivaniWoT RvTaebrivis mniSvneloba;
3. TviT ioane petriwis am naazrevis moSvelieba da misiT xelmZRvaneloba
dauSvebelia, radgan ioane petriwi, misi mravalmxrivi moRvaweobis
da miuxedavad, ar warmoadgens eklesiis wmida mamas, metic, igi
"Tavisufali” azrovnebis gamo (neoplatonizmi) gandevnil iqna
petriwonis monastridan (cnobierebis miseuli xedva mravali saukunis
Semdgom aisaxa kaTalikos anton pirvelis reformatorul
moRvaweobaSi).
aseTi safrTxe emuqreba yvelas, vinc RvTiuri sibrZnis wil
eklesiologiuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetisas kacobrivi
sibrZniT ixelmZRvanelebs.
12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba
sagaloblis Semadgeneli ori stiqiis - sityvisa da musikis organuli
erTianoba, RvTismsaxurebasTan Serwyma emsaxureba mlocvelTa
ganwyobilebis «emociuri mrudis» sworad warmarTvas, rac
uzrunvelyofs RvTismsaxurebaSi maT CarTvasa da monawileobas,
yuradRebis mokrebis saWiro xarisxsa da sityvaTa aRqmadobas. wm.
ioane damaskelma TiToeuli xmisTvis SearCia iseTi musikaluri kiloebi,
romlebic metad esadageboda Sesabamisi saRvTismsaxuro teqstebis
Sinaarsebs; Tumca, SesaZloa, rig SemTxvevebSi piriqiT - musikaluri
mxare ganapirobebda Sesaferisi JReradobisa da Seferilobis sityvis
an Sinaarsobrivad Sesabamisi emociis mqone winadadebis moZebnas. yovelive
aman “rva xmaTas” saxiT Seqmna sityvisa da hangis ganuyofeli erTianoba
da mTlianoba. momdevno saukuneebSi eklesiis mamebma, romlebic
xelmZRvanelobdnen damaskelis xmebiTa da melodiebiT, mis mier dadgenili
galobis kanonikiT, ganavrces da srulyves saeklesio galoba; ase rom,
xatweris msgavsad, kanonikuri sagaloblebi mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi
iqmneboda da dResac iqmneba. teqsturi Sinaarsidan da musikaluri
filosofiidan, saxasiaTo melodiebidan da sxva musikaluri
elementebidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa xmebis aRwera-daxasiaTeba.
sxvadasxva mkvlevari gansxvavebuli sityvebiTa da epiTetebiT aRwers
kanonikur xmebs, magram yvela aRniSnavs xmis, misi musikaluri palitris,
emociuri xazisa da xasiaTis srul Sesabamisobas sityvasTan,
sagalobelTa teqstur SinaarsTan.
36
magaliTisaTvis, dekanozi boris nikolaevi ase aRwers pirvel xmas:
“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri
silamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwieri
soflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisa
da zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirveli
xmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseuli
sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”.
pirveli xmis sagaloblebis teqstebis, sityvieri Sinaarsis RvTiuri
sidiadisa da zeciuri silamazis gasaZliereblad wm. ioane damaskelma
SearCia doriuli kilo da masSi win wamoswia iseTi melodiebi da
musikalur-emociuri intonaciebi, romlebic am xmis sagaloblebs aniWeben
gansakuTrebul gamomsaxvelobas. maTSi gamosWvivis aRdgomis brwyinvaleba
da aRdgomilis Zlevamosili msvleloba, moismis zeciur ZalTa galoba,
romliTac adideben aRdgomas, aRdgomili mxsnelis meufebas, zeimoben
misi Wvretis sixaruls da ganicdian saerTo dResaswaulSi orive
samyaros - zeciurisa da miwieris erTobas.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom damaskeliseuli doriuli kilos intervalebi,
iseve rogorc sxva xmebis kiloTa intervalebi, gansxvavdebian evropuli,
temperirebuli musikis kiloTa intervalebisagan. rogorc viciT, pirvel
xmas, mis kilos safuZvlad daedo wm. ioane damaskelis cnobili
sagalobeli “marjuena� Seni uZleveli” (bibliur citataze - “marjuene
Seni, ufalo, didebul ars ZaliTa SeniTa” (gamosvlaTa, XV) – dayrdnobiT),
romelic man ufals aRuvlina madlierebis niSnad, mokveTili marjvenis
saswaulebriv gankurnebasTan dakavSirebiT.
13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad
wodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xats
samxelianad wodebuli xati, romelic mTeli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis saTayvanebel xatad iqca, gamoxatavs wm. ioane damaskelisadmi,
misi Semoqmedebisadmi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Semweobas. igi
gvaxsenebs ioane damaskelisTvis gankuTvnil RvTismSoblis kurTxevas,
- daecva eklesia mwvaleblobisagan da mwvalebelTagan, Seeqmna eklesiis
kanonikuri galoba, romelic iqceoda marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
sayovelTao galobad vidre meored mosvlamde. vinc Tayvans scems
RvTismSoblis am xats, is Tayvans scems xatze gamosaxul agarianelTa
mTavris mier mokveTil da Semdgom RvTismSoblis mier saswaulebrivad
37
gamTelebul da gankurnebul marjvenas ioane damasklisas. man Tavisi
moRvaweobiTa da SemoqmedebiT daicva eklesiis erTianoba, amave dros,
daamkvidra eklesiaSi sayovelTao kanonikuri galoba, bizantiurad
wodebuli.
14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa
4 (17) dekembers, wm. ioane damaskelis
xsenebis dRes, mTeli eklesia yvela adgilobriv
enaze ugalobs mas sagaloblebs:
“mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno iiiiioane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesia
qristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToes
tkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ra����� yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo,
da moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisa�����Ta hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobd
ebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisa
xmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrTo�����sa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisa�����TaTaTaTaTa
yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden” (dasdebeli ufalo
RaRadyavsa zeda);
“romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao iiiiioane,oane,oane,oane,oane,
Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” (ciskris kanoni, galoba 1);
“viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni,
mamao mamao mamao mamao mamao iiiiioane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,
netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen qqqqqristeman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”
(ciskris kanoni, galoba 1);
“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa
qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao iiiiioane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa” (ciskris
kanoni, galoba 3);
“ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad”
(ciskris kanoni, galoba 6);
“qoro “qoro “qoro “qoro “qoro����� eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa����� miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao iiiiioane,oane,oane,oane,oane,
da aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galoba�����, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa�,�,�,�,�, sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” (ciskris
kanoni, galoba 6);
“daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri
wualebisawualebisawualebisawualebisawualebisa����� eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba�����, xolo, xolo, xolo, xolo, xolo
Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen iiiiioane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisa�����””””” (ciskris kanoni,
galoba 8);
“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo����� naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa
aRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galoba����� ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli,
da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” (ganmanaTlebeli);
“simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa����� , , , , , iiiiioane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,
RmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gza����� wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli,
38
romelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTa
gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “
(aRvivseniTis muxli);
“marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da
krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”
(wm. ioane damaskelis troparidan);
“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa
warmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTa
mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa iiiiioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juari
uflisauflisauflisauflisauflisa����� da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale
meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”
amin!
Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II
saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:
aaaaarsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,
fofofofoformebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi, rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas princiinciinciinciinci pi,pi,pi,pi,pi, ti ti ti ti ti pikonTanpikonTanpikonTanpikonTanpikonTan
SesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisoba
u mjobesia zeca da mze Seicvalon, vidre saeklesio kanonebSi Seicvalos raime, radgan wmida eklesia RvTis sityviT aris
dafuZnebuli, xolo RvTis sityva casa da dedamiwaze umtkicesia.
wm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeli
40
1 termini “galoba” aRniSnavs mxolod saeklesio, saRvTismsaxurebo daniSnulebis
galobas. igi unda sruldebodes mxolod eklesiaSi. iseT musikalur nawarmoebs,
romlebic Seqmnilia religiur Temebze, magram ara aqvT saRvTismsaxuro daniSnuleba,
gardneris mixedviT (dasax. wigni, gv 64) vuwodebT simReras.
Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II
saeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galoba11111: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,
saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi, fo fo fo fo formebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi, ti ti ti ti ti pikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan Sesabamisoba
1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebis arsi da struqtura
gansxvavdeba papisturi, metadre sxvadasxva protestantuli
gaerTianebebis ritualuri msaxurebisagan. es gansxvaveba ganapirobebs
gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs msaxurebaSi musikaluri fenomenis
mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs rogorc saeklesio
musikis arsi, ise misi liturgiuli funqcia. mTavari gansxvaveba isaa,
rom mxolod marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxureba warmoadgens
RvTisadmi WeSmarit msaxurebas. RvTismsaxurebis ZiriTadi elementebi,
maT Soris, musikaluric eklesiaSi RvTis daSvebiT da gangebulebiT
gaCnda. saeklesio, saRvTismsaxuro galoba Tavad macxovris, ieso qristes
piradi magaliTiT ikurTxa, razec wina TavSic visaubreT.
istoriulad, galobis arsis dakninebis, “damiwebis” mZlavri procesi
dasavleTis eklesiis gandgomisa da mwvaleblobaSi Cavardnis Semdgom
daiwyo. RvTismsaxurebam dakarga Sinaarsi da papistur da mis wiaRSi
aRmocenebul mwvaleblur “eklesiebSi” ritualis xasiaTi da forma
miiRo. aman, droTa ganmavlobaSi, galobas, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis
erT-erT formas, Seucvala roli da daniSnuleba, SesZina damxmare,
fonuri, araaucilebeli (fakultaturi), araTanamdevi (ara imanentuli)
~msaxurebis” rogorc erTgvari Teatralizebuli warmodgenis,
musikaluri gaformebis elementis daniSnuleba.
Sedegad dacemul “eklesiaSi” momdevno istoriul procesSi
ganviTarda sxvadasxva saxis “musikalur-sanaxaobiTi” formebi:
musikaluri dramis, groteskuli warmodgenebis (mag. “viris mesebi”)
Tu operis saxiT, xolo mogvianebiT – musikaluri gasarTobebisa da
rok-operebis saxiT. istoriulad TvalnaTliv Cans, Tu rogor aqcia
araeklesiurma, arakanonikurma midgomam saeklesio galoba miwieri
xelovnebis dargad, sulieri – mSvinvierad, saeklesio – erulad,
Tavi II. saeklesio galoba
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gamoatara renesansis epoqa, moaqcia klasicizmis gavlenaSi, xolo Semdgom,
drois Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva musikaluri mimdinareobebis Temad da
sagnad aqcia. saboloo jamSi igi daeqvemdebara profanuli musikis
kanonebs da sazogadoebasTan erTad gamudmebiT mieltvis modernizms.
samwuxarod, droTa ganmavlobaSi papisturi “eklesiis” zegavlena
zogierT adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiazec gavrcelda, ris gamoc
iq Seicvala TviT kanonikurobis cneba da praqtikulad uariyo misi
aucilebloba. erTi mxriv, es imiT gamovlinda, rom sagaloblebSi saeklesio,
kanonikuri xmebis mixedviT dawerili melodiebi axali musikaluri
formebiT Seicvala, meore mxriv, rac aseve mniSvnelovania, TviT “xmam”
(da, Sesabamisad, “rva xmaTam”) dakarga Tavisi Sinaarsi, xolo sagaloblebs
xmaze miniSneba mxolod formalurad SemorCa. rogorc ivane gardneri
wina TavSi dasaxelebul gamokvlevaSi wers (gv. 78-79, 134-136): “rusuli“rusuli“rusuli“rusuli“rusuli
eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSi
da ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundo
galobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavda
namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “2.
2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”
2« . . . âú èñòîðèè áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ ðóññêîé öåðêâè â 17-ìú âåêå è ïîçæå,ââåäåíèå ìíîãîãîëîñíàãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó âú áîãîñëóæåíèåðóññêîé öåðêâè, îçíà÷àëî íàñòîÿùóþ ðåâîëþöèþ â áîãîñëóæåáíîì ïåíèè.”3 zogierT adgilobriv eklesiaSi mogvianebiT Seiqmna sagalobelTa sistemebi, romelTagan
zogi arakanonikurad (anu ara damaskeliseuli xmebis mixedviT), zogic formalurad
eqvemdebareba rvaxmaTas princips. pirvelTa magaliTia “znameni raspevi”, meoreTa –
e.w. partesuli galoba.
rogorc wina TavSi aRvniSneT, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri
galoba RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTis matarebelia. igi eklesiis wminda
gadmocemis sferos ganekuTvneba. misi Camoyalibebisa da kanonikur
galobad dadgenis procesi, daviTis fsalmunTgalobidan moyolebuli,
wm. ioane damaskelis RvawliTa da marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi kanonikur
galobad dadgeniT damTavrebuli, qristes eklesiis wminda istoriis
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. masve ganekuTvneba eklesiis wm. mamaTa,
himnograf-kompozitorTa Semoqmedeba, romlis Sedegadac sagalobelTa
repertuari ganivrco da sisrule SeiZina. mTeli es procesi, romelic
eklesiis wiaRSi mimdinareobda, suliwmidis mier warimarTeboda da
dadasturebulia mravali saswauliT, macxovrisa da mociqulTa piradi
magaliTiTa da yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxevebiT. am wminda
gadmocemis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesiis kanonikur galobas wm. ioane
damaskelis mir dadgenili kanonikiT, damaskelisa da sxva SemoqmedTa
Seqmnili galoba warmoadgens. qristes eklesiis galobis kanonikurobis
erT-erT mTavar princi ps damaskeliseuli “rvaxmaTas” princi pi3
42
warmoadgens, rac mkafiod da calsaxadaa asaxuli da daculi eklesiis
tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxurebo wignebSi (ix. am Tavis bolos).
“rvaxmaTas” xmebi – es aris wm. ioane damaskelis mier dadgenili xmebi
(ix. qvemoT), amasTan, termini “xma” swored musikalur mxares aRwers,
da ara teqstualurs4. damaskeliseuli “rvaxmaTas” kanonikuri xmebis
Sesaxeb qvemoTa TavebSi visaubrebT. aq ki davsZenT, rom damaskeliseul
rvaxmaTaSi aisaxa RvTismsaxurebis cikluroba da ritmuloba, xolo
Tavad xmebSi – Sesaqmis simbolika.
“rvaxmaTas” xmebis daxasiaTeba rvaobiTobasTan, rvaobasTan aris
dakavSirebuli. saeklesio “rvaxmaTas” idea Tavisi fesvebiT bibliuri
warsulis siRrmeebs swvdeba da samyaros warmoSobis – Sesaqmis
Svideuls ukavSirdeba. ase, magaliTad, pirveli xma Seesabameba pirveli
dRis naTels. dRis sinaTle ki qristes naTeli da brwyinvale aRdgomis
winasaxea. swored pirvel xmaSi dawera ioane damaskelma paseqis kanoni,
romelic dRemde ucvlelad igalobeba qristes eklesiaSi. aRdgoma
dRis sadResaswaulo msaxureba ZiriTadad pirveli xmis
sagaloblebisagan Sedgeba. pirveli xmis melodiebSi gamosWvivis
aRdgomis brwyinvaleba, moismis zeciur ZalTa galoba, romliTac adideben
aRdgomas, aRdgomili mxsnelis meufebas.
amgvarad, “rvaxmaTas” xmebSi simbolurad (musikaluri JReradobis
TvalsazrisiT, musikalur-emociuri intonaciebis TvalsazrisiT,
melodiurad, niuansurad da a.S.) aisaxa Sesaqmis dReebi, maTi esa Tu is
niSani. magaliTad, meSvide xmaSi aisaxa RmerTSi maradiuli gansvenebis
(SabaTi) dRe. rac Seexeba merve xmas, igi caTa sasufevlis, yovelives
aRsrulebis, maradiuli zeimis dRes ukavSirdeba. am xmis sagaloblebi
aris sasufevlis mozeime galobis anarekli. mis melodiebSi yvelaze
naklebadaa sinanulisa da glovis elementi da gansakuTrebuli silamaziT,
ubraloebiT, simsubuqiT gamoirCevian. didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis
mravali sagalobeli swored merve xmaSia dawerili.
aRniSvnis Rirsia aseve Sesaqmis aRmweris mier yoveli dRis
dasrulebis daskvniTi nawili: “da iqmna mwuxri, da iqmna ganTiad” (Ses.
1, 5). saRamos, mwuxris msxverplis idea daedo safuZvlad Cvens
RvTismsaxurebas (“waremarTen locva� Cemi viTarca sakumeveli Sen
winaSe, aRpyroba� �elTa CemTa� msxuerpl samwuxrod” (fs. 140, 2)):
saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis dRe iwyeba saRamos, mwuxrze; am droidanve
iwyeba rvaxmaTas axali (xmaTa ciklSi rigiT Semdegi) saeklesio xma,
da saerTod, saeklesio dResaswauli. aseTia saeklesio rvaxmaTas pirveli,
uZvelesi safuZveli.
4 rogorc es formalur sistemebSi miaCniaT. magaliTad, partesul galobaSi
rvaxmaTas musikaluri xmebi ar arsebobs, arc damaskeliseuli, arc sxva raime
gagebiT.
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damaskeliseul ~rvaxmaTas~ principTan erTad bizantiuri galobis
kanonikurobis erT-erTi niSania aseve misi, rogorc sagalobelTa sistemis,
sisrule da tipikonTan Sesabamisoba. es imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
sagalobelTa am sistemiT SesaZlebelia RvTismsaxureba Catardes
srulyofilad, mTeli sisavsiT, saRvTismsaxuro wignebisa da tipikonis
Sesabamisad, ise, rom maT mimarT wayenebuli moTxovnebi srulad iqnas
daculi. es moTxovnebi Seexeba rogorc sagaloblebis xmebTan
Sesabamisobas, aseve sagalobelTa moculobis sisrules.
sagalobelTa kanonikuri, damaskeliseuli sistema Ria sistemas
warmoadgens, rac imas niSnavs, rom am kanonikiT dRemde iqmneba sagaloblebi
da momavalSic Seiqmneba. sxva saWiroebebTan erTad, axal sagalobelTa
Seqmnis aucilebloba iqidanac momdinareobs, rom axal wmindanTa
kanonizaciis Sedegad saWiro xdeba am wmindanisaTvis msaxurebis Sedgena:
tropar-kondakebis, dasdeblebis, kanonis da sxva nawarmoebebis Seqmna.
qarTul sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos
adgilobriv eklesiaSi daikarga rogorc kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galoba,
aseve (SesaZloa masTan erTad) - mravali wmindanis gangebac, anu maTi
xsenebis dResTan dakavSirebuli msaxureba. sanam damaskeliseul xmebs
ganvixilavdeT, windawin aRvniSnavT, rom damaskeliseul kanonikur
sistemaSi, sxva sistemebTan (magaliTad, partesul galobasTan) SedarebiT,
axali sagaloblebis Seqmna gaiolebulia, radgan damaskeliseuli
kanonikis mixedviT yovel xmaSi gansazRvrulia yvela ZiriTadi kanonikuri
melodiuri formula, aseve – sxva elementebi da komponirebis wesebi.
3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi
pirveli, rac unda iTqvas, aris is, rom saeklesio kanonikuri galoba
mkacrad vokaluria. warmarTuli ritualebisa da papisturi
msaxurebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic iyenebdnen da iyeneben instrumentul
Tanxlebas, marTlmadidebelma eklesiam instrumentis eklesiaSi Setanaze
uari Tqva. zogierTi avtori (Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âúÐîññèè, 1867 ã.) amas marTlmadidebeli eklesiis asketuri miswrafebebiT
xsnis. aseTi axsna eklesiis mamaTa swavlebebs efuZneba, romelTa mixedviT
qristianebi RmerTs adideben ara usulo da usicocxlo instrumentebis,
aramed ukeTilSobilesi da bunebrivi instrumentis _ xmis saSualebiT.
aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi es tradicia, rogorc sayovelTao kanoni,
berZnul-bizantiuri eklesiidan gavrcelda.
ra Tqma unda, galobis vokalur bunebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs
sxva mniSvnelovani argumentebic, magram Cven am sakiTxs aq veRar
ganvavrcobT. aRvniSnavT oden, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
RvTismsaxurebaSi musikaluri elementi mxolod sityvasTan erTad
44
daiSveba da emociur xasiaTs aniWebs mis konkretul, logikur Sinaarss.
amitom mniSvnelovania musikaluri elementi iyos sityvis Tanafardi,
misi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi, misTvis iseTi emociuri xasiaTis mimniWebeli,
romelic misaRebia eklesiisaTvis, RvTismsaxurebis RvTaebrivi
daniSnulebisaTvis, mlocveli sulebisaTvis. es xels Seuwyobs
mlocvelTa mier sityvebis ukeT aRqmas, gaaZlierebs mlocvelebze
zemoqmedebas, marTlmadideblebSi aRZravs wrfel da sufTa grZnobebs,
iqneba es sasoebis sixaruli Tu sinanulis cremli.
Mimis gamo, rom musikalur mxares aqvs aseTi sapasuxismgeblo
daniSnuleba da mis mimarT wayenebulia aseTi didi moTxovnebi,
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi galoba kanonizaciis process daeqvemdebara
da wm. mamebma es sakiTxi tipikonSi Seitanes. zemoTqmuli procesi,
romelic Zveli aRTqmis eklesiaSi daiwyo, qristes eklesiaSi 7
saukune gagrZelda: mociqulTa droidan wm. ioane damaskelis dromde,
aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi kanonikuri galobis Camoyalibeba-dadginebamde.
giorgi i. papadopulosi5 Tavis sayovelTaod cnobil wignSi aRniSnavs:
“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma
musikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivi
saxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodia66666 da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da
kanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTa77777. es. es. es. es. es
xmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovani
saxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiT88888, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg
Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.
Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,
boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,
mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,
romlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. man
ubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelic
Sedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawils
saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”. (giorgi i. papadopulosi,
“bizantiuri saeklesio musikis istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa
xanidan Cvens dromde” (1-1900 ax.w), gamomc. “tertios”, katerini, 1-li
5 giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - qristes didi eklesiis didi protektikosi da
konstantinepolis eklesiis musikaluri skolis direqtori, cxovrobda da
moRvaweobda XIX-XX ss.6 fsalmodia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, fsalmunTgalobas niSnavs. pirvel saukuneebSi
ZiriTadad fsalmunebs galobdnen. amitom fsalmodia galobis sinonimad damkvidrda.7 oqtoiqosi, igive paraklitoni.8 Tavis mxriv, Zveli berZnuli musika, misi kiloebi da melodiebi nasazrdoebia sxva
xalxebis kilo-melodiebiT: dorielebis, frigielebis, lidielebis da sxv. aseve,
bizantiuri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi monawileobdnen bizantiis imperiis sivrceSi
moqceuli da mis gareT myofi xalxebi: sirielebi, arabebi, ebraelebi, qarTvelebi,
somxebi, da sxva.
45
gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w. Tavi: Sua saukuneebis saeklesio musika (700-
1453), periodi me-3, ioane damaskeli – RvT. bizantiuri musikis
momwesrigebeli da ganmaaxlebeli).
eklesiaSi galobis Camoyalibebis, kanonizaciis, srulyofisa da
ganvrcobis procesi RvTivgamocxadebiT xasiaTs atarebda da mravali
saswauliT aRiniSna. amis Sesaxeb sxva publikaciebSi iTqva da momavalSic
iTqmeba, amitom aq sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT; aRvniSnavT mxolod, rom
bizantiuri galobis kanonikurobis erT-erTi mTavari niSani aris is,
rom mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi kanonikur galobad swored is iqna
dadgenili da gavrcelebuli, - rac istoriulad da qronologiurad
wm. ioane damaskelis sicocxleSive ganxorcielda. giorgi i.
papadopulosi zemoT dasaxelebul wignSi aRniSnavs: “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT
imasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma
sagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis
cikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan
ganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tipikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni, romelic romelic romelic romelic romelic
moicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac
gadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde
TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters
sakuTarsakuTarsakuTarsakuTarsakuTari tii tii tii tii ti pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelis
SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”.
moyvanil amonaridSi metad mniSvnelovania miniSneba eklesiis
erTianobaze9, rac aseve kanonikurobis erT-erTi mTavari niSania. kanonikis
erTianoba ganamtkicebda eklesiis erTianobas, vinaidan, rogorc i.
voznesenski wers: “gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi
yvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebis
gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken” 10. . . . . (Ïðîòîèåðåé È. Âîçíåñåíñêèé «Î âûñîêîìäîñòîèíñòâå è áëàãîòâîðíîì âëèÿíèè íà ëþäåé öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ»,Êèåâ, 1897 ã).
9 Cveni zogierTi mosazreba eklesiis erTianobis Sesaxeb moyvanilia I damatebaSi,am Tavis bolos10 “. . . ðàçíîñòü áîãîñëóæåíè è íàïåâîâ âñåãäà è âåçäå âåäåò ê ðàçúåäèíåíèþõðèñòèàíñêèõ îáùåñòâ”
naTqvams davamatebT, rom kanonikuri galobis ganviTarebisa da
Camoyalibebis procesi mimdinareobda bizantiis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis wiaRSi, romlis drosac galobam SeiTvisa bizantiis imperiaSi
Semavali xalxebis musikaluri kulturis elementebi, daiwminda, Seivso,
sruliyo sxvadasxva erovnebis wminda mamebis mier da aRmosavleTis
eklesiis kanonikur galobad dadginda. amitom dResac, ama Tu im eris
zogierTi warmomadgenlis pretenziisa Tu survilis miuxedavad, iwodeba
bizantiurad da ara berZnul, ebraul, palestinur Tu siriul galobad.
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxurebebi araCveulebrivad mdidaria
sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da teqstebis sagaloblebiTa da saeklesio-
46
samgaloblo formebiT. es sagaloblebi CarTulia sxvadasxva locvebsa
da sakiTxavebs Soris, Tanmxlebia gamosvlebisa, sxvadasxva saxis
msvlelobebisa (procesiebisa), erTveba fsalmunis leqsebs Soris
dadgenili rigisa da wesebis Sesabamisad. Tavisi SinaarsiT sagalobelebi
msmenelTa yuradRebasa da fiqrebs unda mimarTavdnen mTavari Temisaken,
romelsac Seicavs dResaswaulisa Tu wmindanis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili
teqstebi; msmenelT marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis dogmatebs unda
aswavlidnen poeturi, galobisaTvis adaptirebuli, magram dogmaturad
umwikvlo formiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sagaloblebi, romlebic
RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia da asaxavs mis
Sinaarss, galobisaTvis mosaxerxebeli formiT moicavs marTlmadidebli
eklesiis saRvTismetyvelo swavlebas. amrigad, sakmarisia msaxurebisas
damswrem yuradRebiT usminos galobasa da sakiTxavebs, rom sarwmunoebisa
da RvTismetyvelebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi, Zireuli swavlebani miiRos.
sagaloblis teqstTan organulad dakavSirebuli da Serwymuli
kanonikuri melodia ki imis saSualebas iZleva, rom sagaloblis Sinaarsi
Rrmad CaebeWdos msmenels mexsierebasa da cnobierebaSi, da imavdroulad
misces mas emociuri ganmarteba sityvisa, romelsac is msaxurebisas
ismens.
musikaluri elementis, melodiis teqstTan kavSirisa da Sesabamisobis
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb wm. basili didi aRniSnavs11: ~vinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidam
icoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziT
tareb a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobis ( ( ( ( (µελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδια)))))
tkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan da
keTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac aris
sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~. anu galobaSi suliwmidis mier daSvebuli musikaluri
elementi _ melodia unda emsaxurebodes msmenelamde sityvis mitanas
da xels uwyobdes sityvis Sinaarsis, misi mniSvnelobis SeTvisebas.
amgvarad, raki saRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens sityvas, aJRerebuls
musikaluri bgerebis, melodiebis saSualebiT, romlebic aZleven mas
gamomsaxvelobas da aZliereben mis emociur mxares, amitom gasagebia,
rom musikaluri elementi unda imarTebodes sityvebiT da am sityvebiT
gamoxatuli ideebiT12. davubrundeT Cvens ZiriTad Temas. marTlmadidebel
eklesiaSi nebismieri RvTismsaxureba galobis TanxlebiT aResruleba,
iqneba es galoba Sesrulebuli erTi mgaloblis, mgalobelTa gundis,
Tu yvela damswris mier; da iqneba galoba gamSvenebuli, Tu yvelaze
martivi formiT, - iseTiT, rogoricaa erT bgeraze, erT notze kiTxva
(“recto tono”). marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, laTinTa msaxurebisagan
11 ix. Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âú Ðîññèè, 1867 ã, I, ñòð. 2612 garkveuli sirTuleebi warmoiqmneba sagalobelTa Targmnisas. amis Sesaxeb ix.
damateba 2 - “originali da Targmani”
47
gansxvavebiT, ar arsebobs “Cumi mesebi”, anu RvTismsaxureba galobis
gareSe. amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
saRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebis
erT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT formasrmasrmasrmasrmas. es asaxulia tipikonSi da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi,
romlebSic dadgenilia msaxurebis dros ra, rodis da rogor, romel
xmaSi da romeli melodiiT unda igalobebodes. saeklesio galoba
aris RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi saxe. misi formebi saRvTismsaxuro
formebiT unda imarTebodes, anu warmoadgendes: qadagebas, locvas,
didebismetyvelebas da a.S. amitom is aris sarwmunoebis safuZvlebis,
dogmatebisa da marTlmadidebluri msoflmxedvelobis swavlebis
qmediTi saSualeba. Tan es swavleba xorcieldeba yvelasaTvis
xelmisawvdomi gziT – sityvis advilad dasamaxsovrebel melodiasTan
SeerTebiT. amgvarad gadmocemuli sityva morwmuneebs Rrmad ebeWdebaT
cnobierebasa da mexsierebaSi.
4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,
Sesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebi
sagaloblebi SeiZleba davajgufoT misi ori elementis - sityvierisa
da musikaluris mixedviT.
4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli
sagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebi
locviTi (evqologiuri) da imavdroulad didaqtikuri mniSvnelobis
TvalsazrisiT sagaloblebi SeiZleba davyoT Semdeg eqvs jgufad:
4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi
am sagaloblebSi poeturi formiT gadmocemulia marTlmadidebeli
sarwmunoebis swavleba. maT ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, RvTismSoblis
dogmatikonebi, romlebic igalobeba SabaTis mwuxrze, RaRadvyavis bolos,
awda-s Semdeg. dogmatikonebSi galobisTvis misadagebuli poeturi
formiT gadmocemulia dogmaturi swavleba RvTismSoblisagan ieso
qristes gankacebaze. magaliTad, me-5 xmis dogmatikoni:
“zRuasa mas zeda mewamulsa, uqorwineebelisa sZlisa saxe gamoisaxa odesme.
mun iyo mose ganmpebeli wyalTa�, xolo aqa gabriel msaxuri
sakvirvelebisa�.
maSin israili wiaRxda ufskrulsa daultolvelad,
xolo aqa qalwulman gviSva qriste uTeslod.
48
zRua� Semdgomad wiaRslvisa israelTasa daadgra uvalad
da ubiwo� Semdgomad Sobisa emmanuilisa daadgra uxrwnelad.
romeli iyav da pirveliTgan iyav, da gamoCndi viTarca kaci,
Segviwyalen Cven”.
anda, me-2 xmis dogmatikoni, - sagalobelSi Zveli aRTqmis winasaxeebi
gamosWvivis:
“warxda saxe sjulTa maT pirvelTa�,
da gamoCnda madli dRes,
da viTarca mayuali ara Sewua cecxlman aRgzebulman,
egreTve qalwuli ego qalwulad
uvnebelad Semdgomad Sobisa,
suetisa mis wil cecxlisa
mze simarTlisa,
moseswil qriste gamoCnda,
macxovrad sulTa CuenTaTvis”.
4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi
am saxis sagaloblebSi istoriuli faqtebis TxrobasTan erTad
gadmocemulia dogmaturi swavleba. mogvyavs litiis dasdebeli didebaze,
xma me-5, rogorc nimuSi sagaloblisa, romelic mimarTulia msmenelisaken
da romlis Sinaarsi wminda dogmaturi xasiaTisaa:
“sparsTa mefeTa
scnes WeSmaritad
da gulis-xma-yves,
viTarmed iSua meufe caTa�,
brwyinvalisa varskulavisa ZRomiTa,
da moiwivnes beTlems moswrafed,
da ZRueni rCeuli miupyres,
gundruki, muri da oqro� wmida�,
da SiSiT msgavsad meufisa
Tayvanis-sces,
rameTu ixiles
CCvilad dausabamo�”.
4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi
magaliTad: stiqaronis dasdebeli, igalobeba didmarxvis pirveli
Svideulis orSabaTs, mwuxrad, xma g:
49
“vimarxoT marxva�, wmida� saTno� uflisa�.
WeSmariti marxua ars borotTa ucxo yofa,
damWirva� enisa�, aR�r-sxma� guliswyromisa�,
da ganSoreba� borotTa gulis-TqumaTa, da Zviris-zrax�sa,
da tyuilisa, da cru-ficisa.
amaTgan uku� krZalva�,
ars marxva� WeSmariti da saTno�,
da momtevebeli bralTa simravlisa�”.
4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi
am saxis sagaloblis magaliTs warmoadgens aqebdiTis dasdebeli,
romelic igalobeba did SabaTs, xma b:
“dRes Seicavs saflavi dambadebelsa,
da �eliTa Semcvelsa dabadebulTasa,
da Su�nierebiTa damfarvelsa caTasa
dafaravs lodi igi undo� saflavisa�.
daiZinebs cxoreba� da sZrwis jojoxeTi,
da adam sakru�lTagan gani�snebis S�liTurT,
dideba� gangebulebasa Sensa, m�snelo,
romliTa yoveli srulhyav da mogvmadle Cuen,
viTarca RmerT xar, SabaTobad saukunod,
mkudreTiT aRdgoma� Seni, ufalo, dideba� Senda”.
1.1.5. mcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiuli
moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian
es sagaloblebi, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia msmenelisaken. isini igalobeba
saRvTismsaxuro qmedebebis dros da xsnian maT simbolur mniSvnelobebs.
am saxis sagaloblis magaliTia “romelni qerubimTa”, romelic igalobeba
liturgiaze msxverplSewirvisaTvis momzadebuli purisa da Rvinis
samkveTlodan trapezze gadatanisas:
“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT
da cxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisa galobasa SevswiravT,
yovelive msoflio� dautevoT zrunva�:
ra�Ta SeviwynaroT meufe yovelTa�,�
angelozTa wesTa Soris laxvarmosilTa uxilavad momavali,
aliluia”.
50
4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da
locviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebi
am saxis sagalobelTa rigs ganekuTvneba magaliTad, “naTelo
mxiarulo”, romelic igalobeba did mwuxrze RvTismsaxurTa
sakurTxevelSi Sesvlis win:
“naTelo mxiarulo, wmidisa,
ukudavisa mamisa zecaTa�sa,
wmidisa netarisao,
iesu qriste,
mosrulni daslvasa mzisasa,
mxilvelni naTlisa samwuxro�sani,
vaqebT mamasa da Zesa
da wmidasa sulsa RmerTsa,
Rirsmca varT yovelsa Jamsa,
galobad Senda xmiTa tkbiliTa,
Zeo RmrTisao, cxorebis momcemelo,
romlisaTvisca yoveli sofeli Sen gadidebs”.
an sagalobeli, romelic igalobeba liturgiaze wm. ZRvenis gardaqcevis
dros:
“Sen gigalobT,
Sen gakurTxevT,
Sen gmadlobT, ufalo
da gevedrebiT Sen, RmerTo Cueno”.
zemomoyvanili magaliTebidan TvalnaTliv Cans, Tu ramdenad didi
mniSvneloba aqvs msaxurebaze damswreTa damoZRvrisaTvis sagalobelTa
saRvTismsaxuro teqstebs, galobiT gadmocemul sityvas. aseve Cans, Tu
ra mcdaria mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, TiTqos galoba ZiriTadad
warmoadgens damswreTa smenis damatkbobel da gasarTob saSualebas,
erTgvar “sasuliero musikis koncerts”.
4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli
sagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebi
bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens “xmean” galobas, anu misi sagaloblebi
igalobeba mocemuli dRis tipikoniT gansazRvrul ama Tu im kanonikur
(damaskeliseul) xmaSi, rac saRmrTismsaxuro wignebSi mkafiod aris
miTiTebuli. e. i. saRmrTismsaxuro sagalobels mikuTvnebuli aqvs esa
51
Tu is xma, rac dakavSirebulia mis melodiasTan, anu musikalur elementTan
da ara teqstTan. bolo saukuneebSi damkvidrebulma mravalxmianma
galobam da sagaloblebma “xmeanoba” formalurad SeinarCuna: is ar
asaxavs xmis musikalur, kilo-melodiur Taviseburebas, gansazRvrulobas,
Sesabamisobas damaskeliseuli kanonikis, damaskeliseuli xmebis kilo-
melodiebTan. metic, maT ar aqvT musikaluri niSniT rvaxmianoba.
bizantiuri sagaloblebi urTierTmelodiuri damokidebulebis
mixedviT SeiZleba jgufebad daiyos:
• TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni) – sagalobeli, romelic
igalobeba sakuTar melodiaze. es melodiebi, rogorc wesi, sxva
sagalobelTaTvis ar warmoadgens nimuSebs, anu am melodiebze,
Cveulebriv, ar igalobeba sxva sagaloblebi. am jgufs ganekuTvneba,
magaliTad, kviris dasdeblebi, didi dResaswaulebis dasdebelebi
da a.S. aris Tu ara TviTxmovani esa Tu is sagalobeli, upiratesad
– dasdebeli, amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi.
aseTi miTiTeba aweria uSualod sagaloblis teqsts.
• saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -automeloni)automeloni)automeloni)automeloni)automeloni) – sagalobeli, romelsac aseve aqvs sakuTari melodia,
oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom misi melodia warmoadgens nimuSs sxva
sagalobelTaTvis (msgavsTaTvis). saxelwodeba – TviTsamsgavso –
mianiSnebs, rom sagaloblis melodia Tavisive Tavis msgavsia, anu
warmoadgens nimuSs. TviTsamsgavsoTa udidesi nawilia Zlispirebis
melodiebi, e.w. irmosebi.
• msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj - prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi) – sagalobeli (upiratesad
dasdeblebi da troparebi), romelic igalobeba TviTsamsgavsoTa
melodiiT, anu nimuSis mixedviT. msgavsis teqstis zoma (metrika)
unda Seesatyvisebodes misi pirvelsaxis (prototipis) teqstis
zomas, magram praqtikaSi SeiZleba moxdes gadaxrebi (rogorc
originalSi, aseve da gansakuTrebiT - TargmanebSi). Tu romeli
melodiuri nimuSis mixedviT unda igalobebodes msgavsi, amis Sesaxeb
miTiTebulia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi, sadac msgavsis teqstebs
wanamZRvris, anu e.w. prologisprologisprologisprologisprologis saxiT aweria TviTsamsgavsoTa teqstis
pirveli sityvebi. amgvarad prologi – esaa sityvieri wanamZRvari,
romelic aris TviTsamsgavsoze miTiTeba. es miTiTeba liturgikul
wignebSi mocemulia am TviTsamsgavso sagaloblis sawyisi sityvebis
saxiT, romelic windarTuli aqvs uSualod msgavsis teqsts. ase
magaliTad, paraklitonsa da sxva saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi mraval
msgavss aweria miTiTeba TviTsamsgavsoze Semdegi wanamZRvris saxiT:
“marjuena� Seni”. Ees niSnavs, rom es msgavsebi igalobeba kviris
ciskris aRdgomis kanonis Zlispiris “marjuena� Seni uZlevelis”
52
melodiaze. rogorc aRvniSneT, TviTsamsgavsoTa udides nawils (80%-
mde) Zlispirebi warmoadgens.
• Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri (ei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1j - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) – esaa kanonis TiToeuli galobis
pirveli troparis melodia, romelic amave galobis danarCeni
troparebisTvis aris saTviTxmovno, TviTsamsgavso. anu TiToeuli
galobis momdevno troparebi warmoadgenen msgavsebs, radgan
igalobebian amave galobis Zlispiris melodiaze. arsebobs krebuli
- irmologioni, romelic sxvadasxva kanonebis Zlispirebs moicavs.
umravles ZlispirTa melodiebi aseve gamoiyeneba sxva msgavsebis
sagaloblad(da ara mxolod kanonis troparebis). dedanSi kanonis
Zlispirsa da mis troparebs toli zomebi (metrika) aqvT, Tumca
xSiria gadaxrebic, gansakuTrebiT sadResaswaulo kanonebSi.
TargmanSi metrikuli Tanafardobebis zustad SenarCuneba, xSir
SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia. amitom msgavsTa galoba Zlispiris
melodiaze garkveul praqtikas moiTxovs. aseTi gagalobebisaTvis
SemuSavebulia garkveuli wesebi da meTodebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba
ara marto TargmanebSi, aramed originalebSic, radgan msgavsis metrika
TviTsamgavsos metrikisagan arc Tu iSviaTad gansxvavdeba.
gvaqvs melodiebis sxvagvari klasifikaciac (sagaloblis tempis
mixedviT):
• swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (su1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomoj - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – melodiebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba
silaburi tipis sagaloblebSi, anu TiTo marcvals, rogorc wesi,
Seesabameba erTi musikaluri bgera.
• neli (neli (neli (neli (neli (a‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoj - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – sazeimo melodiebi,
romlebSic yovel marcvals Seesabameba ori an sami musikaluri
bgera, an ufro grZeli, gamSvenebuli musikaluri fraza.
• Zalian neliZalian neliZalian neliZalian neliZalian neli1313131313 ( ( ( ( (a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - argosi)argosi)argosi)argosi)argosi) – Zlispiris tipis damuSavebuli
an sxva saxis gamSvenebuli melodia, romelSic sityvis marcvali
SeiZleba igalobebodes mravali musikaluri bgeris gamoyenebiT.
amave saxiT igalobeba e.w. kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “terirem”, “to-to”, “anena”
da sxva. esaa grZeli, gamSvenebuli sagaloblebi, romlebic erTi
romelime sityvis (“““““terirem”, “to-to”, “anena”) marcvlebze
igalobeba.
gvaqvs melodiebis sxvagvari dajgufebac (sagalobelTa saxeobebis
(ix. qvemoT) mixedviT):
• Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1) ) ) ) ) –
melodiebi, romlebic kanonis troparebisnairad igalobeba.
irmologiuri sagaloblebi mokle melodiebisagan Sedgeba. Zlispiris
saxis sagalobeli silaburi wyobisaa, e.i. TiToeul marcvals, rogorc
wesi, erTi musikaluri bgera Seesabameba. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi marcvalze
13. zogjer sagalobelTa am jgufs tkbilxmovanebsac (kalofonika) uwodeben.
53
SeiZleba ramdenime bgera modiodes. es gansakuTrebiT damasrulebel
musikalur frazebSi (kadenciebSi) xdeba. sagalobelTa am jgufSi
Sedian: swrafi “RaRadvyavebi” (Kekraga1ria) da swrafi “yoveli
sulebi” (Pasapnoa1ria), stiqaronisa da aRvivseniTis dasdeblebi
(e.w. apostiqebi, - ta2 @Apo1stica), swrafi “dideba maRalianebi”
(doxologi1a), kanonebi, troparebi da kondakebi, da a.S. Tavis mxriv,irmologiuri sagaloblebis melodiebSi ori jgufi gamoiyofa:
swrafi da neli katavasiebi.
• dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis tipis (pis (pis (pis (pis (Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1))))) - - - - - SedarebiT neli melodiebi,
romlebSic TiToeul marcvals eTanadeba ori an sami (iSviaTad
meti) musikaluri bgera. am jgufs ganekuTvneba neli “RaRadvyavebi”
da neli “yoveli sulebi”, aseve neli “dideba maRalianebi” da
didebis muxlebi (e.w. doqsastikebi - doxastika1) da a.S.
TviTxmovnebi yovelTvis dasdeblis stilSi igalobeba.
• gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1))))))))))– – – – – esaa damuSavebuli, neli, melizmaturi sagaloblebi, neli dasdeblis
an damuSavebuli Zlispiris tipis, romlebic gamoiyeneba yvelaze
grZel da gamSvenebul sagaloblebSi, rogoricaa sazeimo qerubikonebi,
“ganicadeni” da sxva. am jgufis sagaloblebSi sityvis marcvalze
SeiZleba mTeli musikaluri fraza igalobebodes.
aseve gvaqvs melodiebis klasifikacia maTi emociuri xasiaTis mixedviT:
• diastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuri – mxiaruli melodiebi
• sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri – mwuxare, tkiviliani melodiebi
• isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri – wynari, naTeli melodiebi.
4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi
4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi
rogorc aRvniSneT, saRvTismsaxuro galobis Camoyalibebis
mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens RvTismsaxurebis wesi, RvTismsaxurebis
dros mimdinare qmedebebi da saidumlo moqmedebebi. mravali sagalobeli,
gansakuTrebiT liturgiaze, saidumlo locvebis dros sruldeba (anu
im locvebis dros, romelsac kiTxuloben RvTismsaxurni Cumad, TavisTvis)
da wydeba RvTismsaxurTa asamaRleblebiT, romlebic sagaloblebTan
erTad qmnian musikalur mTlianobas. zogierTi sagalobeli taZris
garSemo Tu taZris SigniT sasuliero pirTa msvlelobebis dros
sruldeba. amitom sagaloblebi, Sesrulebis adgilisa da drois mixedviT,
unda Seesabamebodes RvTismsaxurebis im epizods, romelsac isini Tan
sdeven an asaxaven.
54
marTlmadidebluri RvTismsaxurebis sistemaSi mwuxri da ciskari
gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva Tavisi didaqtikuri (swavlebiTi, qadagebiTi)
xasiaTiT. es msaxurebebi mdidaria sagalobelTa cvalebadi himnografiuli
teqstebiT. am msaxurebebis dros, romelTa ZiriTad nawils fsalmunTa
galoba warmoadgens, fsalmunTa leqsebs Soris sagalobelTa saxiT
CaerTveba mdidari didaqtikuri da evqologiuri masala. es sagaloblebi
gamudmebiT icvleba kviris xmisa da dRis mixedviT da gadmoscems am
dRis mTavar saRvTismsaxuro Sinaarss, da mlocvelis azri, romelic
sagaloblis Sinaarss swvdeba, garkveuli mimarTulebiT mihyavs. am
sagaloblebSia moqceuli mocemuli dRis da RvTismsaxurebis ZiriTadi
ideuri Sinaarsi. liturgiaSi aseTi cvalebadi didaqtikuri masala
SedarebiT mcirea. isic gamoiyeneba mxolod mis pirvel nawilSi,
kaTakmevelTa liturgiaSi, maSin rodesac marTalTa liturgia am mxriv
ucvlelia da Tavisi SinaarsiT mTlianad evqologiur xasiaTs atarebs.
amrigad, RvTismsaxurebaSi sagalobelTa melodiuri mravalferovneba -
xmaTa, xmis melodiaTa, Sesrulebis saxeTa sxvadasxvaoba – ZiriTadad
mJRavndeba mwuxrsa da ciskarSi.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi rva xmazea
gawyobili. rva xma ganisazRvreba rogorc kalendarulad da
liturgikulad, aseve musikaluradac. yoveli dRis tipikonis gansazRvra
emyareba rva kviris ciklur monacvleobas, romelSic TiToeul kviras
Tavisi sakuTari xma aqvs. amgvarad, wlis yovel kvirasa da kviris
yovel dRes aqvs gansazRvruli xma. ama Tu im dRis RvTismsaxurebis
ZiriTadi sagaloblebi igalobeba am dRisTvis gansazRvrul kanonikur
xmaSi, Tumca, saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi arsebuli miTiTebebis Sesabamisad,
rigi sagaloblebisa igalobeba sxva xmebSic. es, ZiriTadad, is
sagaloblebia (mag. sadResaswaulo sagaloblebi), romelTa melodiebic
ar icvleba xmebis mixeedviT, romelTac aqvT sakuTari, gansazRvruli
da ucvleli xmebi da am xmebSi dawerili melodiebi. SesaZloa, romelime
aseT sagalobels ramdenime sakuTari melodiac hqondes - im kanonikur
xmaSi dawerili, romelic gansazRvrulia am sagaloblisTvis. es
melodiebi Semonaxulia eklesiis mier da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema.
4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi
sazogadod, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis yoveli kanonikuri
sagalobeli romelime kanonikur xmaSia dawerili. sxva sityvebiT,
kanonikuri xmis gareSe kanonikuri sagalobeli ar arsebobs. rigi
sagaloblebis teqstebi da melodiebi xmebis mixedviT icvleba, zogisa
mxolod melodiebi icvleba xmebis mixedviT, xolo teqsti ucvlelia,
55
zogisa ki ucvlelia rogorc teqstebi, ise melodiebi - maTTvis
gansazRvrul xmaSi dawerili.
RvTismsaxurebaSi sityvis musikaluri gaformeba SeiZleba or jgufad
daiyos:
1. erTi mkiTxvelis, an mgaloblis, an RvTismsaxuris mier Sesruleba.
am jgufs miekuTvneba fsalmunTa kiTxva da ekfonetika - is, rac
ar SeiZleba Sesruldes gundis mier. aq gvaqvs sami saxeoba:
a) kiTxva _ magaliTad, wminda werilis, samociqulosa da saxarebis
kiTxva, romelic ukve moicavs sustad gamoxatul musikalur
elements:
b) mokle locvebisa da asamaRleblebis aRvlena; magaliTad,
kvereqsebi da asamaRleblebi;
g) gamRerebebi, anu raime locviTi sityvis gamRerebiT warmoTqma;
magaliTad kananarxis warTqmebi da misT.;
2. gunduri Sesruleba.
sanam saRvTismsaxuro galobis konkretul formebze visaubrebT,
jer SevexoT sakuTriv musikalur fenomens, musikalur stiqias
RvTismsaxurebaSi da daviwyoT misi umartivesi formebidan, rogoricaa
aklamaciebi, kiTxva erT tonze da asamaRleblebi. es gradaciebi ar
warmoadgens mkacri gagebiT galobas, magram isini ukve aRarc metyvelebas
ekuTvnian. imis gamo, rom RvTismsaxurebisas Cveulebrivi metyvelebis
intonaciis manera, aseve teqstis kiTxvis deklamaciuri14 wesi (mxatvruli
kiTxvis manera) ar gamoiyeneba, amitom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yoveli
RvTismsaxureba mimdinareobs ama Tu im formis musikaluri elementis
TanxlebiT. magaliTad, umartivesi forma – erT tonSi kiTxva Cveulebrivi
metyvelebisagan ramdenime niSniT gansxvavdeba. kerZod:
• tonis mudmivi simaRle, romelzec teqsti ikiTxeba;
• ramdenadme (mcired) gagrZeleba xmovnebisa, romlebic ar arRveven
kiTxvis dinamikas da ar arian iseTi ~feTqebadni~, rogorc
Cveulebrivi metyvelebisas, romlis drosac xmovnebis grZlivoba
umniSvneloa da, miuxedavad am simoklisa, maTi tonaluri simaRleebi
TviT am xmovnebis grZlivobis farglebSic ki gansxvavebulia.
4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.
RvTismsaxurebis dros saeklesio tipikoniT gaTvaliswinebulia
galobis Sesrulebis sxvadasxva saxe, maT Soris, sagaloblis gunduri
14 msaxurebisas zogierTi locva Cveulebrivi salaparako eniT warmoiTqmeba. aseTia,
magaliTad, mrwamsi, mamao Cveni da sxva. Zveli tradiciiT, romelic Semonaxulia
aTonis mTaze, rodesac fsalmuni ar sruldeba galobiT, aramed ikiTxeba, aseve
Cveulebriv salaparako enas iyeneben.
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Sesruleba (ukidures SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva saSualeba ar arsebobs,
gundisTvis gankuTvnili sagalobeli SeiZleba erTi mgaloblis mierac
Sesruldes). gamovyofT sagalobelTa gunduri, erToblivi Sesrulebis
xuT saxes.
1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe
sagaloblis am saxiT SesrulebisaTvis, rogorc wesi, gansazRvrulia
ori gundi. isini ganlagdebian kankelis marjvniv da marcxniv, taZris
ambionis napirebis gaswvriv (aTonis mTaze – umTavresad marjvena da
marcxena (samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis) gverdiT afsidebSi).
marjvena da marcxena gundebi rigrigobiT, mimogdebiT galoben
sagaloblebs (mag. dasdeblebs, kanonis troparebs da a.S.) an erTi
sagaloblis nawilebs (magaliTad, fsalmunis muxlebs an grZeli
sagaloblis nawilebs).
2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonuri an ii an ii an ii an ii an i pofonurpofonurpofonurpofonurpofonuri saxei saxei saxei saxei saxe
saxelwodeba momdinareobs berZnuli sityvebidan e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ dau2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘. . . . . pirveli, epifoni, niSnavs fsalmunis yoveli muxlis win
ucvleli wanamReris wamZRvarebas, anu winamRers (mag., “kurTxeul xar
Sen, ufalo, maswaven me simarTleni Senni”). meore, ipofoni, ki niSnavs
fsalmunis yoveli muxlis Semdeg minamReris darTvas, anu minamRers
(mag., “aliluia”, an “gvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RvTisao . . .”, an “meoxebiTa
RmrTismSobelisa�Ta . . .” da a.S.).
3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe
es niSnavs gundis an mrevlis mier ucvleli teqstiT pasuxebs
mRvdlis an medaviTnis asamaRleblebze. magaliTad:
a) kvereqsis yovel muxlze gundi pasuxobs – “ufalo Segviwyalen”
an “mogvmadlen, ufalo”. amasTan, xSir SemTxvevaSi erT kvereqs
pasuxobs erTi gundi, meore kvereqss – meore gundi. zogjer
erTi kvereqsi iyofa: pirvel nawils erTi gundi galobs, meore
nawils – meore gindi. ase magaliTad, yoveli msaxurebis dasawyisSi
mSvidobiani kvereqsi iyofa.
b) pasuxebi wardgomebze; - rodesac mkiTxveli kiTxulobs fsalmunis
muxlebs, xolo gundi yovel muxlis pasuxad galobs pirvel
muxls, amasTan, am pasuxebs orive gundi monacvleobiT galobs. am
mimogdebis (gadaZaxilis) dasasrul pirveli gundi galobs pirveli
muxlis pirvel nawils, xolo meore gundi am muxlis darCenil
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nawils. rogorc vxedavT, es saxe warmoadgens antifonuri da
i pofonuri saxeebis kombinacias, romlis drosac CaerTveba
mkiTxveli.
4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi
galoba kananarxTan erTad friad gavrcelebulia monastrebSi da
warmoadgens monastruli galobis tipur saxes. mas SeiZleba ewodos
galoba karnaxiT, radgan kananarxis funqcias Seadgens mgaloblisaTvis
sagaloblis teqstis winswrebiT karnaxi. kananarxi warmoTqvams
sagaloblis teqstis frazebs TanmimdevrobiT da monacvleobiT erT
tonze; amasTan, am tonis simaRle xSirad emTxveva sagaloblis fuZe
tons15. sagaloblis dawyebis win kananarxi acxadebs (warmoTqmiT)
xmas, romelzec igalobeba sagalobeli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve
– wanamZRvars16 (mag., “pirveli, zecisa ganwesebulTa”, an “meoTxe, mxneoni”
da sxva). am saxiT, rogorc wesi, is sagaloblebi (ZiriTadad dasdeblebi)
igalobeba, romelTa teqstebi xmebis mixedviT icvleba.
zogjer adgili aqvs aseT praqtikasac: garkveul SemTxvevaSi orive
gundi Tavs iyrida Sua taZrSi da rogorc erTi gundi (an kananarxis
karnaxiT) galobda sagalobels. am dros SeerTebuli gundi dgeboda
naxevarwred, piriT kankelisaken, xolo kananarxi dgeboda naxevarwris
centrSi, zurgiT kankelisaken da piriT gundisaken.
kananarxi unda ganvasxvavoT e.w. damwyebisagan. damwyebi iwyebs romelime
sagalobels, xolo gundi, raki icnobs sagaloblis melodias, ahyveba
mas da ase agrZelebs galobas. damwyebi teqsts ar karnaxobs, aramed,
ubralod, iwyebs sagalobels da sacnaurs xdis mas iq myofTaTvis.
5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe
am saxiT galobisas gundi Tavidan bolomde uwyvetad galobs
sagalobels. ase sruldeba ZiriTadad is sagaloblebi, romelTa teqstebi
ucvlelia. magaliTad, “romelni qerubimTa”, “naTelo mxiarulo” da
a.S.; aseve, zogierT SemTxvevaSi (mag. dResaswaulebze) - cvalebadi
teqstebis mqone sagaloblebic. amave saxiT sruldeba sagaloblebi,
15 zogjer kananarxis toni emTxveva sxva romelime gabatonebul tons, xolo iSviaTad,
ZiriTadad did dResaswaulebze, moZraobs am tonebze.16 ruseTis monastrebSi, rodesac RvTismsaxurebaSi ori gundi monawileobda, iyo
aseTi praqtikac, rom kananarxi dasdeblis winamorbed fsalmunis muxls warmoTqvamda
or gunds Sua mdgomare, xolo am dasdebelis teqsts ukve karnaxobda im gunds,
romelsac unda egaloba es dasdebeli. saberZneTSi da sxva eklesiebSi dasdeblis
wina fsalmunis muxls gundi galobs.
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romlebic msaxurebisas Tan sdeven sxvadasxva msvlelobebsa da
moqmedebebs. magaliTad, RvTismSoblis dogmatikonebi, sagaloblebi,
romlis drosac xdeba RvTismsaxuris sazeimo Sesvla sakurTxevelSi
aRsavlis kariT, mRvdelmTavris Semosva Sua taZarSi liturgiis win
da a.S.
4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da
formebiformebiformebiformebiformebi
sagalobelTa dasaxelebebi ramdenime niSnis mixedviT ganisazRvreba.
kerZod, sagaloblis dasaxeleba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli:
1. sagaloblis poetur17 da musikalur formebze;
2. RvTismsaxurebis sistemasa da msaxurebis myar, ucvlel gangebaSi am
sagaloblis adgilze;
3.sagaloblis Sesrulebis saxesa da xerxebze;
4. aseve am sagaloblis Sesrulebisas mgalobelTa da mlocvelTa
ganlagebasa da mdgomareobaze (fexze dgoma Tu jdoma).
SeiZleba moxdes, rom erTi da igive teqsti, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra
adgili ukavia mas msaxurebis sqemaSi, erT SemTxvevaSi iwodebodes
troparad, sxva SemTxvevaSi - wardgomad da SeiZleba – antifonadac.
amasTan, aseTi gadaadgilebisas misi musikaluri forma SeiZleba
icvlebodes an ucvlelad rCebodes. magaliTad, me-7 xmis sagalobeli
“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba����� saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo” Tomas kviras igalobeba
rogorc tropari, xolo yovel me-7 xmis kviras – rogorc wardgoma
Semdgomad a stiqologiisa.AamasTan, pirvel SemTxvevaSi misi saxelwodeba
dakavSirebulia misi Sesrulebis saxesa da xerxTan, xolo meore
SemTxvevaSi – mis adgilTan RvTismsaxurebis sqemaSi. igi aseve
dakavSirebulia taZarSi myofTa mdgomareobasTan im TvalsazrisiT,
rom wardgomebis dros, romlebic igalobeba stiqologiebisa da kanonis
mesame galobis Semdgom, taZarSi myofT SeuZliaT dasxdoma. sxva
magaliTia “mSuenierman ioseb”, romelic aris tropari, magram kviraobiT
meore xmis wargomacaa. msgavsi magaliTebi gvxvdeba sxva xmebSic.
axla CamovTvaloT saRvTismsaxuro sagalobelTa ZiriTadi saxeobebi:
1. dasdebelidasdebelidasdebelidasdebelidasdebeli (to‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1n).
dasdeblebi warmoadgenen bizantiuri poeziis strofebs. maTi Sinaarsi
da zoma mravalferovania. Cveulebriv, dasdebeli Sedgeba 8-12 striqon-
frazisagan, romlebic amave dros melodiur frazebsac warmoadgenen.
17 saRvTismsaxuro teqstebis umravlesoba bizantiuri poeziis nimuSebs warmoadgens.
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ZiriTadad dasdebelebi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris ise CaerTveba, rom
fsalmunis muxli win uswrebs mis Sesabamis dasdebels. antifonuri
galobis dros fsalmunis muxlebs da maT Sesabamis dasdeblebs gundebi
monacvleobiT asruleben, Cveulebriv, kananarxTan erTad. xandaxan
(tipikonis miTiTebiT) romelime dasdebeli ganmeorebiT sruldeba
(mag. 2-gzis), amasTan, Tu ori gundi galobs, asrulebs jer erTi gundi,
xolo Semdgom – meore. dasdeblis winamorbed fsalmunis muxlebs
ewodebaT dasdeblis winamReriwinamReriwinamReriwinamReriwinamReri. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xma icvleba,
kananarxi am cvlilebas dasdeblis winamReris win acxadebs, romlis
Semdgom winamReri da dasdebeli ukve axal xmaSi igalobeba.
dasdeblebi RvTismsaxurebaSi Seadgenen Semdeg xuT jgufs:
a).a).a).a).a). dasdeblebi, romlebic igalobeba mwuxrze da mwuxris fsalmunebis
(140, 141, 129 da 116) muxlebs Soris CaerTveba. am jgufs ewodeba
“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda” (stichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riee3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxa), an ubralod “RaRadvyavi”. msaxurebis sadResaswaulo-
sazeimo xarisxebis mixedviT, dasdebelTa raodenoba gansxvavebulia.
did sazeimo msaxurebaSi maTi raodenoba, Cveulebriv, aTia da isini 141-
e fsalmunis meeqvse muxlis Semdeg CaerTvian. sxva sadResaswaulo
dReebSi dasdebelTa raodenoba, Cveulebriv, 8-s Seadgens da 129-e
fsalmunis pirveli muxlis Semdeg CaerTvian. xolo sadag dReebsa da
mcire dResaswaulebze dasdebelTa raodenoba 6-ia da maTi CarTva
129-e fsalmunis me-3 muxlis Semdgom iwyeba. dasasrul, mcire mwuxrze
4 dasdebeli igalobeba, romelTa CarTva 129-e fsalmunis me-5 muxlidan
iwyeba.
b).b).b).b).b). dasdebelTa meore jgufi igalobeba mwuxris meore naxevarSi, Sesvlis
Semdeg, da ewodeba “dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda” (“stichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1con” an “stichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1j”), an ubralod stiqaronistiqaronistiqaronistiqaronistiqaroni.
Cveulebriv, dadgenilia 4 dasdeblis galoba. dasdebelTa es jgufi
imiT gansxvavdeba “RaRad-vyavis” dasdebelTagan, rom isini fsalmunis
muxlebs ki ar CaerTvian, aramed piriqiT - fsalmunis muxlebi CaerTvian
dasdeblebs Soris. amasTan, Tuki pirveli jgufis fsalmunebi ucvlelia,
meore jgufis fsalmunebi kviris dReebisa da dResaswaulebis mixedviT
icvleba. aseve, sadagi dReebis ciskris msaxurebasac aqvs dasdebelTa
Tavisi jgufi, romelsac ewodeba “dasdebelni aRvivseniTsa zeda”
(“apo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwn”), an ubralod "aRvivseniTi18. isini 89-e
fsalmunis 14-17 muxlebs Soris CaerTveba.
g).g).g).g).g). SabaT-kvirisa da sadResaswaulo dReebis ciskris msaxurebaSi
gvxvdeba dasdebelTa jgufi, romelTac ewodebaT “dasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelni
aqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zeda” (“sticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5nouj”), an ubralod
18 sadagi dRis am dasdeblebs berZnulsa da rusulSi igive saxelwodeba aqvT:
apostica apostica apostica apostica apostica da ñòèõîâíè, qarTulSi ki – gansxvavebuli: ara stiqaroni, aramed aRvivseniT.
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"aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi". saberZneTSi am jgufs aseve uwodeben “““““pasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1ria”””””,rac momdinareobs sityvebidan “““““Pa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rion”””””,anu “yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”. es dasdeblebi 148, 149 da
150 fsalmunTa jgufis muxlebs CaerTvian. rodesac gansazRvrulia 6
dasdebeli, maSin isini CaerTvian 149-e fsalmunis me-9 muxlis Semdeg.
xolo rodesac tipikoniT gansazRvrulia 4 dasdeblis galoba, maSin
- 150-e fsalmunis me-2 muxlis Semdgom.
d). d). d). d). d). “dasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zeda” ( ( ( ( (stichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2n))))), an
ubralod "litia""litia""litia""litia""litia". am jgufis dasdeblebi fsalmunis muxlebis gareSe
igalobeba, mwuxrze, litiaze, rodesac gamosvla xdeba taZris stoaSi
(an, Tu igi ar aris, - taZris dasavleT nawilSi, xolo zogan, gansakuTrebiT
monastrebSi – taZris gareT).
e).e).e).e).e). gansakuTrebul jgufs Seadgens “momixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebi”
(makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1), romlebic, liturgiaze igalobeba, mesame
gamomsaxvelobiTYantifonze da CaerTvis saxarebis cxra netarebis
muxlebs. kviraobiT yoveli xmisTvis gvaqvs 8-8 dasdebeli, sadag dReebSi
ki – 6-6.
yvela dasaxelebuli jgufis dasdeblebis galoba mTavrdeba mcire
didebismetyvelebiT: “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba����� . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! “, ris Semdegac
igalobeba jgufis bolo dasdebeli. rogorc wesi, es didebismetyveleba
ganiyofa or muxlad: “dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . .” da “aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!”, da
TiToeulis Semdeg igalobeba dasdebeli. amitom am dasdeblebs ewodebaT
“dasdebeli dideba-awdaze” (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu didebismetyveleba ar
ganiyofa muxlebad), an “dasdebeli didebaze” da “dasdebeli awdaze”.
am ukanasknels, Cveulebriv, uwodeben “RmrTismSoblisas” (Teotokons),
radgan awdas Semdeg yovelTvis RvTismSoblis dasdebeli igalobeba.
dasaxelebuli jgufebis garda gvaqvs aseve calkeuli dasdeblebi,
romelTac RvTismsaxurebaSi gamorCeuli adgili ukaviaT da ama Tu im
fsalmunis erT-erTi muxlis Semdeg igalobebian. aseTia, magaliTad,
dasdebeli, romelic ciskarze, saxarebisa da 50-e fsalmunis Semdgom
mcire “miwyaleze” igalobeba. mas ewodeba saxarebis geri.
gvaqvs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani jgufi 11 dasdeblisa. isini TavianTi
SinaarsiT ukavSirdebian 11 sakvirao saxarebas, romlebic ikiTxeba
kviris ciskarze da amitom saciskro gerebi ewodebaT. es dasdeblebi
qmnian “ciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTa” (stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1) 11 kvirian cikls
- yoveli am dasdebelTagani igalobeba rva xmaTagan erT-erT xmaze
Semdegi mimdevrobiT: 1 – 2 –3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 da Semdgom, me-
9, me-10 da me-11 geri igalobeba kvlav me-5, me-6 da me-8 xmebze, ris
Semdegac cikli isev Tavidan iwyeba. es dasdeblebi igalobeba aqebdiTis
“didebaze”. zogierT dResaswaulze, romelsac aqvs aqebdiTis “didebis”
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sakuTari dasdebeli, saciskro geri pirveli Jamnis win gadadis. saciskro
gerebi gamSvenebuli, mdidari melodiebiT igalobebian.
dasdeblebi Zalzed mniSvnelovan saRvTismsaxuro himnografiul
masalas warmoadgenen. maTSi gadmocemulia dRis msaxurebis mTavari
Tema, an im wmindanis daxasiaTeba da cxovrebis zogierTi Strixi,
romlis xsenebacaa msaxurebaze. dasdeblebi – es is sagaloblebia,
romlebic msenelTa azrebs mTavar mimarTulebas aZleven. isini ZiriTadad
silaburi an silabur-nevmaturi melodiebiT igalobebian, zogjer –
melizmaturi xasiaTis CarTvebiT. dasdebelTa melodiis agebis xerxi
melodiis agebis dasdeblur xerxad iwodeba.
bolo dasdebeli, romelic igalobeba “didebaze”, iwodeba “didebisad”
(“““““doxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1n”””””). Cveulebriv, did dResaswaulebze “didebisa” ufro
feradovani, gamSvenebuli melodiiT igalobeba, vidre sadag dReebsa da
mcire dResaswaulebze.
raki bizantiur galobaSi dasdebelTa teqsturi Sinaarsi bunebrivad
erwymis sagaloblis martiv melodias da qmnis erT mTlianobas, amitom
dasdebelTa teqstebi ukeT aRiqmeba msmenelis mier da mas gonebasa da
mexsierebaSi ebeWdeba.
2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (to‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rion)))))
tropari warmoadgens strofs, romelSic msaxurebis mTavari Temaa
warmoCenili. msaxurebaSi gansxvavebuli xasiaTis troparebi gvxvdeba.
dRis tropars, romelic mwuxrze igalobeba, gansatevebeli
(a3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kion) ewodeba (ix. mag., “paraklitoni”, mesame xmis SabaTis
mwuxris bolos, weria – gansatevebeli, (romel-ars tropari)), radgan
igi uSualod win uZRvis mwuxris dasrulebas, gantevebas. Tumca igive
tropari igalobeba ciskarzec da wirvazec. berZnul wignebSi igi imave
saxeliT – gansatevebliT - iwodeba ciskarSic, Jamnis TvenSic da a.S.
gansatevebeli tropari Sinaarsobrivad datvirTulia - masSi
Sekrebili da Sejamebulia yovelive is, rac dRis sxva sagaloblebSi
iTqva. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT RmrTis gancxadebis (6 ianvari) tropars,
romelic igalobeba pirvel xmaze:
“raJams iordanes naTel-iRe Sen, ufalo,
maSin samebisa Tayvanis-cema� gamoCnda,
rameTu mamisa xma� gewameboda,
da sayvarelad Zed saxel gdva Sen,
da suli wmida� saxiTa tredisa�Ta daamtkicebda
sityvisa mis ucTomelobasa;
romeli ganscxaden, qriste RmerTo,
62
da sofeli gananaTle, dideba� Senda”.
rogorc aRvniSneT, gansatevebeli tropari dRis sxvadasxva msaxurebaze
igalobeba (an ikiTxeba), xSirad erTi msaxurebis farglebSic meordeba.
mwuxrze is msaxurebis dasasrulisken igalobeba, ciskarze – TavSi
(“RmerTi ufalze”) da bolosken, dideba maRalianis Semdgom, liturgiaze
– mcire Sesvlis Semdeg, xolo did sameufo dResaswaulebze mesame
antifonis Semadgeneli fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis (ibrunvis
- “tre3peitre3peitre3peitre3peitre3pei”). am SemTxvevaSi, dasdeblebisagan gansxvavebiT, fsalmunis
yoveli muxlis Semdeg erTi da igive tropari igalobeba.
troparebs uwodeben aseve kanonis (cxra galobis) Semadgenel
strofebs. kanonis Sesaxeb Semdgom visaubrebT. aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom
kanonis TiToeul troparSi ar aris Sejamebuli dRis Tema, aramed
asaxulia misi esa Tu is mxare. gansatevebeli troparisagan gansxvavebiT
kanonis calkeuli tropari nakleb tevadia da naklebadaa Sinaarsobrivad
datvirTuli, magram erTobliobaSi isini srulyofilad da
mravalferovnad aRweren dRis Temas.
sxva SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, kvira dRis ciskarze an micvalebulTa
xsenebis dReebSi meordeba fsalmunis erTi da igive muxli (118-e
fsalmunis 12-e muxli) da am muxlis yoveli ganmeorebis Semdeg axali
tropari igalobeba. (amitom berZnebi am troparebs, 118-e fsalmunis
12-e muxlidan gamomdinare (“kurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalo”), evlogitarias
(eu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1ria) uwodeben.
aseve SesaZlebelia, rom troparebi igalobebodes Sualeduri
muxlebis gareSe, miyolebiT. magaliTad, RmrTis gancxadebis dRes wylis
kurTxevisas an mcire wyliskurTxevaze. am SemTxvevaSi troparebsa da
dasdeblebs Soris sazRvari iSleba.
erTi msaxurebis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia Tavi moiyaros ramdenime
troparma (wmindanebis raodenobidan gamomdinare). troparebis
musikaluri forma, ZiriTadad, silaburi struqturisaa, romlis
damasrulebeli kadencia ramdenadme gamSvenebulia.
3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (o2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1n)))))
kanonad iwodeba vrceli sagalobeli, literaturuli TvalsazrisiT
– poema, romelic garkveuli wesiT SeerTebuli sxvadasxva
sagaloblebisagan Sedgeba. sagaloblis saxelwodeba – kanoni –
gamoxatavs misi agebulebis princips: sxvadasxva Tanazomadi nawilebis
erT mTlianobaSi gaerTianebis sisworesa da simwyobres. sruli kanoni
cxra galobisagan ( 3Wdh13Wdh13Wdh13Wdh13Wdh1) Sedgeba da asaxavs zeciur ierarqiasa dasagaloblebs. kanonis yoveli galoba 3-5 (iSviaTad meti) troparisagan
63
Sedgeba. pirvel tropars Zlispiri ewodeba. mas gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba da datvirTva aqvs, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT visaubrebT.
kanonSi ixsneba erTi romelime Tema, azri; magaliTad, adideben
macxovris aRdgomas, an uflis patiosan jvars, an RvTismSobels, an
romelime wmindans da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, yovel kanons aqvs Tavisi
gansakuTrebuli saxeli. magaliTad, aRdgomis kanoni, jvris kanoni,
RvTismSoblis kanoni da a.S.
kanoni qristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi sakmaod adreuli periodidan
gvxvdeba, magram imdroindeli kanonebi aerTianebdnen ramdenime troparsa
Tu dasdebels da ar hqondaT Zlispirebi, ris gamoc ar gaaCndaT
simwyobre da mdgradoba. wm. ioane damaskelma kanons safuZvlad daudo
bibliuri Temebi (ix. qvemoT), romlebic RvTismsaxurebaSi manamdec
gamoiyeneboda, da Seadgina pirveli Zlispirebi, daadgina kanonis
struqtura, misi agebis wesi, praqtikulad im saxiT, rogorc es dRemdea
eklesiaSi Semonaxuli, da dawera umravlesi dResaswaulisaTvis 64
kanoni.
axla gavecnoT kanonis agebulebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, kanoni Sedgeba
cxra galobisagan, xolo yoveli galoba - 3, 4, 5, iSviaTad meti raodenobis
strofisagan – troparebisagan. pirvel tropars Zlispiri19 (ei1rmojei1rmojei1rmojei1rmojei1rmoj– – – – – irmosi, “kavSiri”) ewodeba. kanonis Zlispirebi cxra bibliur Temas
efuZneba:
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� pirveli pirveli pirveli pirveli pirveli – Tqumuli wina�swarmetyvelisa mosesi” (moses
galoba, aRvlenili uflisadmi mewamul zRvaSi gasvlis gamo; gamoslvaTa,
XV, 1-19);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� meore meore meore meore meore – mosesi, meorisa sjulisa�” (moses samxilebeli
sagalobeli, XXXII, 1-43);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� mesame mesame mesame mesame mesame – anasi, dedisa samoel wina�swarmetyvelisa�,
ugalobs berwi RmerTsa ucxo�sa SobisaTvis” (I mefeTa�, II, 1-10);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe – ganxorcielebasa uflisasa RaRadebs ambakom”
(romelmac iwinaswarmetyvela qristes mosvla; winaswarmetyveleba�
ambakomisi, III, 1-19);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe – Tqumuli wina�swarmetyvelisa isaia�si”
(romelmac ugaloba eklesiis daxsnas mterTagan; wina�swarmetyveleba
isaia�si, XXVI, 9-19);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse – iona wina�swarmeytvelisa�” (romelic sikvdils
ebrZoda veSapis mucelSi da misi galoba gamosaxavs codvilis
mdgomareobas, romlis suli aRivso borotebiT; wina�swarmeytveleba�
ionasi, II, 1-10);
19 Zali - simi, anu hangi; piri – saxe; e.i. Zlispiri - saxe, anu nimuSi hangisa, anu
nimuSi melodiisa
64
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� meSvide meSvide meSvide meSvide meSvide – locva� wmidaTa samTa yrmaTa�, romeli
damSretel eqmna alsa” (wina�swarmeytveleba� danielisi, III, 26-1/2-51);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� merve merve merve merve merve – galoba� wmidaTa samTa yrmaTa�, yoveli
dabadebuli meufesa aqebdiT” (wina�swarmeytveleba� danielisi, III, 2/2
51-88);
“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba����� mecxre mecxre mecxre mecxre mecxre – wina�swarmeytveleba� zaqaria�si, winamorbedis
mamisa�” (romelsac safuZvelad udevs lukas saxarebis teqsti –
luka, I, 63-79).
merve da mecxre galobebs Soris CaerTvis “galoba� RvTismSoblisa�,
qalwulebiT mSobeli hmadlobs Zesa da RmerTsa”. am sagalobelsac
safuZvlad udevs lukas saxarebis teqsti – luka, I, 46-55.
Zlispiris melodia warmoadgens Targs, nimuSs amave galobis Semdgomi
troparebisaTvis da asrulebs maTTvis kavSiris funqcias, - warmoadgens
maTi struqturuli agebulebis wess; anu xazi unda gaesvas im faqts,
rom kanonis TiToeul galobaSi Zlispirsa da momdevno troparebs
erTnairi metruli struqrura aqvT; strofebi toli raodenobis
striqonebisagan Sedgeba, xolo striqonebi – toli raodenobis
marcvlebisagan. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT sulTmofenobis kanonis pirvel
galobas (xma z):
Zlispiri: 1. Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0 2 marcvali
2. 3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin 11 marcvali
3. ‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj 7 marcvali
4. 5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni 7 (8) marcvali
5. 5A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~0 5 marcvali
6. 4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai 6 marcvali
tropari 1: 1. 0 5Ergw005Ergw005Ergw005Ergw005Ergw0 2 marcvali
2. 4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw 11 marcvali
3. To‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~ma 7 marcvali
4. 3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘ 7 marcvali
5. 5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j 5 marcvali
6. Ko1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpe 6 marcvali
tropari 2: 1. 0Nomw00Nomw00Nomw00Nomw00Nomw0 2 marcvali
2. To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘ 11 marcvali
profh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taij3. 3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou 7 marcvali
4. Pneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meron 6 marcvali
5. Pa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~j 5 marcvali
6. Ca1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutai 6 marcvali
65
rogorc moyvanili magaliTidan Cans, galobis yoveli tropari imave
zomisaa, rac Zlispiri da misi yoveli striqoni ZiriTadad imave
raodenobis marcvlebs Seicavs, ramdensac Zlispiris Sesabamisi striqonebi
(gvxvdeba mciredi gansxvavebebi). amasTanave, moyvanil magaliTSi troparebSi
maxvilTa monacvleobac miaxloebulia Zlispiris maxvilTa ganlagebasTan,
ris Sedegadac troparebi ritmuladac mimsgavsebulia Zlispirs. yovelive
es ki uzrunvelyofs troprebis melodiur miaxloeba-mimsgavsebas
ZlispirTan. am principiTaa agebuli originalSi (berZnulSi) kanonebi,
romlebic Seadgenen RvTismsaxurebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan, centralur
nawils.
kanonis am principiT ageba saSualebas iZleva Zlispiris, rogorc
teqstur-melodiuri Targis mixedviT, vigaloboT momdevno troparebi.
amitom Zlispirebi, rogorc nimuSebi, saTviTxmovnoebi, mgalobelTaTvis
Seswavlis erT-erT ZiriTad sagans Seadgens. aRsaniSnavia, rom maT
melodiebze, rogorc TviTsamsgavsoebze, igalobeba sagalobelTa didi
raodenoba (da ara marto kanonis troparebi). amaze migviTiTeben
saRvTismsaxuro wignebi, romlebSic msgavsebis wanamZRvarebi (prologebi)
aRniSnaven ama Tu im Zlispiris melodias.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonis galobisas, rogorc wesi, meore galoba ar
igalobeba. bibluri galoba, romelic safuZvlad daedo meore galobis
Zlispirs, Tavisi SinaarsiT - “meore sjulis” teqstidan gamomdinare
- sakmaod mZime, mamxilebeli da mrisxanea. amitom igi ar ikiTxeba.
savaraudoa, rom igive tradicia gavrcelda kanonzec da cxra galobidan
meore galoba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ar igalobeba. sruli kanoni, meore
galobis CaTvliT, igalobeba yvelieris SabaTs da aRdgomidan me-7
SabaTs (sulTmofenobis wina SabaTs), aseve, andria kritelis did,
sinanulis kanonSi.
sruli kanonebis garda (meore galobasTan erTad, an mis gareSe)
zogjer igalobeba arasruli kanonebic: orsagalobeli (diw1diondiw1diondiw1diondiw1diondiw1dion),romelic Sedgeba mxolod ori – me-8 da me-9 galobisagan, mag.: - vnebis
SvideulSi; samsagalobeli (triw1diontriw1diontriw1diontriw1diontriw1dion), igalobeba didmarxvaSi
orSabTidan paraskevis CaTvliT, - igi sami galobisagan Sedgeba, maTgan
ori igive me-8 da me-9 galobebia, xolo erTi kviris dReebis mixedviT
icvleba: orSabaTs – pirveli, samSabaTs – me-2, oTxSabaTs – me-3,
xuTSabaTs – me-4, paraskevs– me-5, xolo SabaTs – me-6 da me-7 galoba,
anu didmarxvaSi SabaTobiT igalobeba oTxsagalobeli (tetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1dion).es nawilobrivi kanonebi igalobeba ciskris msaxurebaze umciresebTan
erTad (magaliTad, Jamnis srul 9 galobas CaerTvis ori samsagalobeli),
rac im TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba, rom galobisas adgili aqvs xSir
modulaciebs – gadasvlebs erTi xmidan meore xmaze, rac saciskro
galobis am nawilSi qmnis sakmaod mravalferovan musikalur kompozicias.
66
modulaciebis arseboba imiT aris gamowveuli, rom nawilobrivi kanonis
xma gansxvavdeba sruli kanonis xmisgan (iSviaTia xmebis damTxvevebi).
saciskro kanoni dayofilia sam jgufad, romlebic erTmaneTisagan
iyofa mcire kvereqsebiT, aseve zogierTi mokle sagalobliT (rogoricaa
wardgoma, ipako, kondaki da ikosi). dajgufeba aseTia: I jgufi: pirveli
(me-2, rogorc wesi, ara gvaqvs) da me-3 galobebi; II jgufi: me-4, me-5 dame-6 galobebi; III jgufi: me-7, me-8 da me-9 galobebi, amasTan, me-9 galobis
win, umravles SemTxvevaSi, igalobeba RvTismSoblis sagalobeli “adidebsadidebsadidebsadidebsadidebs
suli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsa”, “upatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasa” - misamRerTan
erTad. aTormetTagan dResaswaulebze am adgilas igalobeba sxva
sagalobeli.
dResaswaulis xarisxis mixedviT, kanonis zogierTi an yoveli galoba
dasruldeba gansakuTrebuli ZlispiriT – dasafarebiT (e.w. katavasiiT).
zogjer katavasiad aRebulia dRis kanonis romelime Zlispiri, magram
xSirad daefareba sxva kanonis Zlispiri ara im kanonidan, romelic
Sedis dRis kanonTa kombinaciaSi, aramed sul sxva, saRvTismsaxuro
wignebiT gansazRvruli kanonidan. katavasia, sadac es SesaZlebelia,
orive gundis mier Sua taZarSi sruldeba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, saciskro msaxurebis dros, imisda mixedviT, Tu
ra dResaswauli aResruleba im dRes da ramdeni wmindanis xsenebaa,
SesaZloa Tavi moiyaros ramdenime kanonma. magaliTad, romelime kvira
dRes SeiZleba tipikoniT aseTi kombinacia iyos gansazRvruli: kviris
kanoni mdgomare xmaSi RvTismSoblis kanonTan erTad da erTi an ori
wmindanis kanoni. am SemTxvevaSi jer igalobeba yvela kanonis pirveli
galobebi, Semdeg – imave wesiT momdevno galobebi. kanonTa kombinaciebi
didmarxvis SvideulebSi SedarebiT rTulia.
Tavdapirvelad kanonis Zlispirebi da troprebi sruldeboda
Sesabamisi bibliuri galobebis muxlebTan erTad, monacvleobiT20. zogierT
monasterSi dResac ase sruldeba kanonebi. samrevlo taZrebSi ki es
tradicia mxolod didmarxvaSi SemorCa. dRevandeli praqtikiT, kanonis
galobis yovel tropars win uZRvis CasarTavi (epifoni - winamReri),
romelic Seesabameba sadagi dRis an dResaswaulis Temas (mag., “dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba�
patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”, an “yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo
gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”21, an “wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre
RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis” da a.S.). bolo ori troparis win igalobeba,
Sesabamisad, “dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba�””””” da “awda”.“awda”.“awda”.“awda”.“awda”.
ZlispirTa mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, isini moTavsebulia krebulSi,
romelsac berZnulad irmologioni (Ei1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gion) ewodeba.
20 am biblur muxlebs umciresebs uwodeben. unda davazustoT, rom umciresi ewodeba
am bibliuri muxlebidan pirvel mcire muxls.21 berZnebi galoben: “wmidao RmrTisao, evedre CvenTvis”
67
saqarTveloSi xelnawerebis saxiT daculia ZlispirTa ramdenime uZvelesi
krebuli, maT Soris – nevmirebulic: isini, ZiriTadad, berZnulidan
Targmnil Zlispirebs, aseve originalur qarTul sagaloblebs moicaven
da warmoadgenen bizantiuri sagaloblebis krebulebs. am periodis
originaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi, saeklesio kanonikis dacviT,
damaskeliseuli rvaxmaTas kilo-melodiebis Sesabamisad iqmneboda.
berZnul irmologionsa da qarTul ZlispirnSi Zlispirebi
gawyobilia (damaskeliseuli) xmebisa da galobebis mixedviT. xmebis
aRniSvna rogorc berZnul, ise qarTul krebulebSi msgavsia:
berZnuliberZnuliberZnuliberZnuliberZnuli qarTuliqarTuliqarTuliqarTuliqarTuli
2Hcoj a# � ma� a
,, b# ,, b
,, g# ,, g
,, d# ,, d
2Hcoj pl. a# � ma� a g ~i (guerdiTi),, pl. b# ,, b g ~i,, pl. g# ,, g g ~i,, pl. d# ,, d g ~i
galobebis qarTuli saxelwodebebisaTvis aRebulia im bibliur
galobaTa dasawyisi sityvebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo kanonis
galobebs da romlebzec zemoT visaubreT. galobaTa aRniSvna berZnul
da qarTul ZlispirTa krebulebSi gansxvavebulia:
berZnuli qarTuli
2Wdh‘ A# ugalobdiTsa
,, B# moixilesa
,, G# ganZlierdasa
,, D# ufalo mesmasa
,, T# RamiTgansa
,, J# RaRadvyavsa
,, Z# kurTxeularsa
,, H# akurTxevdiTsa
,, Q# adidebdiTsa
irmologionebis struqtura, anu maTSi Zlispirebis wyoba, sxvadasxva
krebulSi (berZnulSi, slavurSi, qarTulSi) gansxvavebulia. berZnulma
xelnawerebma Semogvinaxa irmologionTa ori tipis krebuli. pirvelSi
Zlispirebi yoveli xmis farglebSi odebad (galobebad) aris
dajgufebuli. am tipis irmologioniebisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi
68
miRebulia OdO (Odes Order) aRniSvna. meoreSi Zlispirebi xmis
farglebSi calkeul ZlispirTa kanonebis (akoluTiebis) saxiT aris
Sesuli, odebad daSlis gareSe. am tipis irmologioniebisaTvis samecniero
literaturaSi miRebulia KaO (Kanons Order)22 aRniSvna. KaO iTvleba
irmologionis ufro adreul saxed, xolo OdO warmoadgens odebad
gawyobil KaO irmologions.
qarTul ZlispirTa uZveles (X s.) xelnawerebSi gvxvdeba rogorc
OdO, ise KaO tipis krebulebi. X saukunis II naxevris iadgarebSi
monopolia moupovebia OdO ZlispirTa krebuls, romelsac xmarebidan
ganudevnia KaO Zlispirni. KaO Zlispirnis unikaluri nusxa Semogvinaxa
X saukunis sabawmindurma xelnawerma Sin 34-ma.
4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (to‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kion) ) ) ) ) da masTan dakavSirebuli ikosi ikosi ikosi ikosi ikosi
(((((oi~kojoi ~kojoi ~kojoi ~kojoi ~koj)))))
arsebiTad, kondakad iwodeba mTeli poema, romelic kanonis msgavsad
bibliur galobebze ar aris damyarebuli. igi kidev ufro aviTarebs
dRis Temas, dResaswaulisa Tu mosaxsenebeli wmindanis Tematikas.
Tavdapirveli saxiT es poema ZiriTadad Sedgeboda didi raodenobis
(24-mde) metrulad Tanabari zomis strofebisagan – ikosebisagan,
romlebic erTi da imave sityvebiT – minamReriT mTavrdeboda. poemas
iwyebda erTi strofi, romelic metrulad gansxvavdeboda ikosebisagan,
magram mTavrdeboda imave sityvebiT, rogoriTac ikosebi. am Sesaval
strofs ewodeboda “kukulioni” (an “proimioni”). am strofSi mokled
gadmoicemoda mTeli poemis mTavari Tema da idea, xolo Semdgomi
ikosebi aviTarebdnen am Temas, xandaxan dialogis formiTac ki. kukulioni
da ikosebi erTsa da imave xmaSi igalobeboda. droTa ganmavlobaSi
kondakis (anu mTliani poema-sagaloblis) gamoyeneba RvTismsaxurebaSi
imgvarad Seikveca, rom mTeli poemidan darCa mxolod kukulioni da
pirveli ikosi; amasTan mTeli poemis saxelwodeba – kondaki – miewera
am kukulions, ikosma ki Tavisi saxelwodeba SeinarCuna.
dReisTvis iSviaTia SemTxveva, rom kondaks erTze meti ikosi
mohyvebodes. ase magaliTad, yvelieris kviris kondaks, romlis mTavari
Temaa adamis gandevna samoTxidan, garda kukulionisa (romelsac axla
kondaki ewodeba), aqvs oTxi ikosi, romlebsac amJamindel saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi ewodeba (erTi) ikosi. sruli kondaki (kukulioni da 24
ikosi) SenarCunebulia RvTismsaxurTa wesis agebaSi, xolo CvilTa
wesis agebaSi gvaqvs kukulioni da oTxi ikosi, romlebic kurTxevanSi
axla erT ikosad aRiniSneba.
22 Eerwin Koschmieder, “ Die altesten Novgoroder Hirmologien-Fragmente”, Zweite Lieferung,Munchen, 1955, gv.69
69
kondakis zomis aseTi Sekveca ganapiroba RvTismsaxurebaSi kanonis
gamoyenebis praqtikis gafarToebam, ramac ukve IX-X saukuneebSi
kondakisTvis datova is zoma, razec zemoT visaubreT, xolo mis
Sesrulebas adgili miuCina kanonis me-6 galobis Semdeg. GD
kondakebi (sakuTriv maTi Sesavali strofebi – kukulionebi)
Sekrebilia sagangebo samgaloblo krebulebSi, romlebic kondakionebad
iwodeba. Zveli wyaroebi gviCveneben, rom musikalur-melodiuri
TvalsazrisiT kondakTa melodiebi warmoadgendnen melizmaturad
ganviTarebul melodiebs, romelTa Sesrulebac did xelovnebas moiTxovda.
kondakebi dasdeblebisagan da kanonebisagan gansxvavebuli maneriT
igalobeboda; maT axasiaTebdaT mravalferovani dinamiuri da teqnikuri
niuansebi. amitom am saxis galobas “kondakaruli galoba” ewoda.
kondakTa SemqmnelTa Soris yvelaze cnobili da gamorCeulia romanoz
tkbiladmgalobeli, diakoni, romelmac Seqmna 1000-mde kondaki, maT
Soris - Sobis kondaki “qalwuli dRes”, “sulo Cemo”, miZinebis kondaki
- “meoxebaTa Sina” da a.S.
5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj 23 u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)
arsebiTad daujdomeli srul kondaks warmoadgens da
kukulionisagan da 24 erTmaneTTan monacvle momcro da ufro didi
zomis strofebisagan Sedgeba. momcroebs uwodeben “kondakebs” da
ucvlelad mTavrdeba sityviT “aliluia”, xolo mozrdilebs, romlebic
imave sityvebiT mTavrdeba, romliTac kukulioni, uwodeben ikosebs.
isini ise arian ganlagebulni, rom kondaki da ikosi monacvleobiT
misdeven erTmaneTs. saxelwodeba “akaTisto” momdinareobs sagaloblis
ara musikaluri an literaturuli mxridan, aramed im mdgomareobidan,
romelSiac msmenelebi imyofebian: akaTistos Sesrulebis dros dajdoma
ar SeiZleba (rogorc es daSvebulia, magaliTad, wardgomebis galobisas),
yvela fexze unda idges.
akaTistos roca vambobT, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mxolod RvTismSoblis
akaTisto – RvTismSoblis daujdomeli, romelic warmoadgens erTaderT
Zvel da namdvil (originalur) akaTistos, yvela sxva mravali akaTisto
gviandeli warmomavlobisaa da namdvili akaTistos mibaZvas warmoadgens.
RvTismSoblis daujdomeli Seiqmna me-7 saukuneSi konstantinopolis
mterTagan daxsnasTan dakavSirebiT (626 w.). daujdomelis Temas
gvamcnobs pirveli kondaki: “zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . . .”
daujdomelis pirveli naxevari istoriuli xasiaTisaa, xolo meore
naxevari – dogmaturi xasiaTis.
23 kaqi1zw – dajdoma, a – uaryofis nawilaki
70
tipikoniT akaTisto didmarxvis me-5 Svideulis SabaTs sruldeba.
amasTan, igi oTx nawilad iyofa, yoveli maTgani Seicavs sam kondaksa da
sam ikoss da iwyeba da mTavrdeba kukulioniT. es nawilebi sruldeba:
a) fsalmunTa pirveli stiqologiis (kaTizmis24) Semdeg, b) fsalmunTa
meore stiqologiis Semdeg, g) kanonis me-3 galobis Semdeg da d)
kanonis me-6 galobis Semdeg.
6. i6. i6. i6. i6. i pako (pako (pako (pako (pako (u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1)))))
ipako troparuli xasiaTis strofs warmoadgens. igi sruldeba
kviris SuaRamianze kanonis Semdeg, kviris ciskarze aRsavlebis win da
zogierT dResaswaulze kanonis me-3 galobis Semdgom (wardgomis
nacvlad). ipakos galobis dros dajdoma ar aris nebadarTuli. ipakoebi
Tavdapirveli saxiT warmoadgendnen kondakaruli tipis melodiebs,
anu ganviTarebuli melizmaturi xasiaTis melodiebs, magram mogvianebiT
praqtikaSi Semovida maTi kiTxva da ipakos, rogorc sagaloblis roli
Semcirda.
7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - to‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnon)))))
saeklesio gadmocemis Tanaxmad, wm. egnate RmerTSemosilma angelozebi
ixila, romlebic wmida samebas monacvleobiT ugalobdnen, ris Semdegac
antioqiis eklesiaSi man antifonuri galoba daadgina. aRsavlebi
(antifonuri sagaloblebi) ewodeba im sagaloblebs, romlebic
aucileblad orive klirosze igalobeba, anu ori gundis mier
monacvleobiT, mimogdebiT. gvaqvs ramdenime saxis aRsavali:
1) liturgiaSi aRsavlebi ewodeba im fsalmunebs, romlebic igalobeba
wirvis dasawyisSi didi kvereqsis Semdeg. Tavis mxriv, isini
gansxvavebul dReebSi gansxvavebulni arian:
a) did, sameufo dResaswaulebze igalobeba sxvadasxva fsalmunis
muxlebi, amasTan:
• pirvel aRsavalSi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis:
“meoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisa�����Ta, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen Cuen”.
damasrulebel muxlad igalobeba “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba����� . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . “ da
kvlav CasarTavi;
• meore aRsavalSi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis:
“gvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisao”, am sityvebs Semdeg mosdevs
dResaswaulis sityvebi (mag., paseqis dResaswaulze -
“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”, Sobis dResaswaulze - “SobiloSobiloSobiloSobiloSobilo
24 kaTizma (berZnuli kaqizw – dan, iTargmneba – “dajdoma”). ase iwodebafsalmunTa kiTxva msaxurebaze, romlis drosac msmenelebs neba eZlevaT, dasxdnen.
71
qalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisagan”) da dasasrul: “mgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluia”,
bolos wina muxlad igalobeba “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba�����”, xolo bolo muxlad
- “awdaawdaawdaawdaawda”, romelsac mohyveba “mxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo Zeo”;
• mesame aRsavalSi muxlebs Soris CaerTvis dResaswaulis
tropari.
b) kvira dReebSi da sxva dResaswaulebzec igalobeba aRsavlebi.
amasTan, pirveli ori aRsavali 102-e da 145-e fsalmunis
muxlebisagan Sedgeba. maT ewodebaT gamomsaxvelobiTi antifonebi;
xolo mesame aRsavlad igalobeba momixseneni, romlis muxlebs
CaerTvis an sagangebo dasdeblebi an dResaswaulis kanonis me-
3 da me-6 (SesaZloa sxvac) galobis troparebi.
g) sadag dReebSi aseve igalobeba sami aRsavali, romelic Sedgeba
me-9, 92-e da 94-e fsalmunis muxlebisagan.
2) aRsavalad iwodeba aseve fsalmunTa pirveli kanonis sami “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba�����”,
romelic igalobeba SabaTs mwuxrze da dResaswaulebze.
3) aRsavli ewodeba sam troparuli xasiaTis strofs, romelic
igalobeba kviris ciskarze saxarebis win, orive gundis mier
monacvleobiT; amasTan, erTi gundis mier Sesrulebul yovel strofs
aucileblad imeorebs meore gundi (SegaxsenebT, rom galobas
yovelTvis iwyebs marjvena gundi). yovel xmaSi gvaqvs sami aseTi
aRsavali da yoveli maTgani sami strofisagan Sedgeba. magram me-8
xmaSi gvaqvs ara sami, aramed oTxi aRsavali. isini Seadgina wm. ioane
damaskelma da ewodeba xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi (a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1): TavisiSinaarsiT isini emyarebian 119-133 fsalmunebs, romlebsac ebraelebTan
ewodeboda xarisxis sagaloblebi. im dResaswaulebze, romelTaTvisac
ciskarSi dadgenilia saxarebis wakiTxva, yovelTvis igalobeba me-4
xmis pirveli aRsavali: “siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.
8. wargoma wargoma wargoma wargoma wargoma (to‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menon)
Tavdapirvelad wardgoma warmoadgenda fsalmunis nawils (iSviaTad
mTel fsalmuns), amJamad ki – fsalmunidan mxolod erT an or muxls.
wardgoma uSualod win uswrebs saxarebis kiTxvas da antifonur-
responsoruli saxiT sruldeba. mkiTxveli (tipikonis Tanaxmad –
kananarxi) acxadebs xmas da warmoTqvams fsalmunis muxls, romelic
unda gaimeoros gundma - mgaloblebi am muxls galoben. galobis
Semdeg mkiTxveli warmoTqvams fsalmunis Semdeg muxls, razec mgaloblebi
(Tu arsebobs saSualeba – meore gundi) upasuxeben kvlav pirveli
muxlis galobiT. dasasrul mkiTxveli warmoTqvams ganmeorebadi muxlis
pirvel naxevars - amiT mgaloblebsa da msmenelebs mianiSnebs, rom
wardgoma mTavrdeba - razec mgaloblebi upasuxeben muxlis darCenili
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meore naxevris galobiT25. wardgomis kiTxvis dros mkiTxveli yovelTvis
dgas Sua taZarSi (saxelwodebac aqedanaa warmomdgari – mkiTxveli
win wardgeba, raTa Tqvas wardgomis muxlebi), xolo mgaloblebi –
TavTavianT adgilebze.
arsebobs wardgomis ori gansxvavebuli saxe:
a) Cveulebrivi wardgoma, rodesac erTi ganmeorebadi muxli samjer
igalobeba, xolo mkiTxveli ganmeorebad muxls Soris kiTxulobs
erT gansxvavebul muxls;
b) didi wardgoma, romelic Sedgeba oTxi muxlisagan, romelTa Soris
meordeba erTi muxli. es wardgomac, iseve rogorc Cveulebrivi
wardgoma, mkiTxvelisa da mgaloblebis mier ganmeorebadi muxlis
gayofili wakiTxva-galobiT mTavrdeba. didi wardgomebi sruldeba
SabaTs mwuxrze (“ufali sufevs”) da aTormetTagan sauflo
dResaswaulebis Semdgom mwuxrebze.
liturgiis wardgomebis teqstebi Seexeba dRis (dResaswaulis)
mTavar Temas. magaliTad, sulTmofenobis dResaswaulis wardgomis
teqstad aRebulia me-18 fsalmunis me-4 muxlis pirveli naxevari:
yovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xma����� maTi maTi maTi maTi maTi
da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni
xolo Sualeduri muxlisaTvis aRebulia imave fsalmunis me-2 strofi:
dRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasa
da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa.
wardgomaTa melodiebi, Cveulebriv, aris mokle, silabur-nevmaturi
agebulebis.
liturgiis garda wardgomebi dadgenilia mwuxrzec (dRis
wardgomebi) da ciskarzec. Svideulis yovel dRes aqvs Tavisi ucvleli
samwuxro wardgoma. ciskarze ki wardgomebi dadgenilia im SemTxvevisTvis,
rodesac ikiTxeba saxareba. isini xmebisa da dResaswaulebis mixedviT
icvlebian.
25 dResdReobiT, rodesac saxezea ori gundi, wardgoma ase igalobeba: kananarxi
acxadebs xmas da wardgomis pirvel or sam sityvas (mag.: “meeqvse, ufali sufevs”); a
gundi galobs wargomis muxls; b gundi imeorebs am muxls; kananarxi kiTxulobs
wardgomis meore muxls mTlianad; a gundi galobs wardgomis pirvel naxevars, b
gundi – wardgomis meore naxevars. Tu wardgomas orze meti muxli aqvs, rogorc
“ufali sufevs”-s an did wardgomebs, maSin kananrxi agrZelebs Semdeg muxlebs da
gundebic monacvleobiT imeoreben pirvel muxls, xolo, rodesac kananarxi ityvis
bolo muxls, maSin a gundi galobs pirvel naxevars, b gundi ki – meores.
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9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari26.....
igi warmoadgens “aliluiasa” da fsalmunis 1-2 muxlis monacvleobiT
galobas. rogorc wesi, “aliluia” 3-jer igalobeba. TiToeul maTgans
mohyveba fsalmunis Sualeduri muxli. es Sualeduri muxlebi TavianTi
SinaarsiT dRis mTavar movlenas ukavSirdebian. saRmrTo liturgiaze
aliluiari win uswrebs saxarebis kiTxvas. unda vicodeT, rom
“aliluias” galoba samociqulos damamTavrebel galobas ki ar
warmoadgens, aramed igi Semdgomi saxarebis wardgomaa. liturgiuli
aliluiari warmoiTqmis da igalobeba zustad iseve, rogorc wardgoma:
mkiTxveli acxadebs xmas, romelzec unda igalobebodes “aliluia”,
mgalobelTa (Tu ori gundia – pirveli) gundi galobs “aliluias”;
mkiTxveli kiTxulobs fsalmunis dadgenil muxls, mgalobelTa (Tu
oria – meore) gundi isev galobs “aliluias”; mkiTxveli kiTxulobs
Semdeg muxls fsalmunidan, razec mgalobelTa (Tu ori gundia –
pirveli) gundi kvlav upasuxebs “aliluias”. magaliTad, uflis amaRlebis
dResaswaulis liturgiaze aliluiarisTvis aRebulia 46-e fsalmunis
me-5 muxli:
amaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTa
da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa�����Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.
xolo Sualeduri muxlisaTvis aRebulia imave fsalmunis pirveli
muxli:
yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,
RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa�����Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.
aliluiaris Tanamedrove Sesruleba dayvanilia “aliluias”
samjerad galobaze; amasTan, erTsa da imave hangze. swored aseTi
Sesrulebis gamo iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom aliluiari aris
saxarebis win damTavrebuli samociqulos daboloeba da ara
saxarebis wardgoma. aliluiaris swori Sesruleba Semdegnairia:
mkiTxveli: “xma “xma “xma “xma “xma N, aliluia” aliluia” aliluia” aliluia” aliluia”
I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi: 3-jer galobs “aliluias” gamocxadebul xmaze
mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli: kiTxulobs aliluiaris pirvel muxls
II gundi:II gundi:II gundi:II gundi:II gundi: galobs 3-jer “aliluias”
mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli: kiTxulobs aliluiaris meore muxls
26 berZnuli #allhlou1i~a Eebrauli hallelu jah–dan (aqebdiT RmerTsa)
74
27\umeteswilad praqtikaSi amas emateba “dideba . . . awdac” – mkiTxveli fsalmunis
muxlebs rom daasrulebs, ambobs: “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . . “ imis niSnad, romaliluiari mTavrdeba. mgaloblebi aliluias meoTxed galoben. …28 berZnebs aqvT dayofili: “eqsapostelarioni” aweria kvirisa da dResaswaulis
ganmanaTleblebs, xolo “fotagogikoni” aweria didmarxvis ganmanaTleblebs.
qarTulSi ki, ZiriTadad, “ganmanaTlebeli” gamoiyeneba.29 paraklitonSi weria: “dasawyisi eqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTa”.
I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi: isev galobs 3-jer “aliluias”, riTac sruldeba
aliluiari27.
10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (katabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nw - dan – - dan – - dan – - dan – - dan –
“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)
saxeldobr, katavasia ewodeba Sua taZarSi orive gundis erT
gundad SeerTebas. am dros gundebi TavianTi adgilebidan Camodiodnen
da SeerTebulni Sua taZarSi galobdnen ama Tu im sagalobels.
katavasia aseve ewodeboda sagalobels, romelsac galobda erTi
mgalobeli, romelic mis sagaloblad Camodioda ambionidan. Cvens
droSi ki katavasia ewodeba kanonis Zlispirs, romliTac kanonis
zogierTi an yvela galoba dasruldeba (ix. zeviT).
11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (fwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1n), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni
( ( ( ( (exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion )))))28
es aris troparis tipis strofi, romelic ciskarze kanonis
Semdgom igalobeba. misi saxelwodeba “eqsapostelarioni”
(exaposte1llw-dan – vagzavni, warvgzavni), savaraudod, aRniSnavsSemdeg moqmedebas: mgalobelTa wridan eqsapostelarionis
sagaloblad erTi mgalobeli gamoiyofa da Sua taZarSi an ambionze
warigzavneba. arsebobs sxva axsnac: saxelwodeba eqsapostiliari
warmodgeba misi Sinaarsidan - 11 sakvirao eqsapostelarionSi
saubaria mociqulTa saqadageblad wargzavnaze, magram es axsna
miesadageba mxolod am 11 sakvirao eqsapostelarions (romelic
dakavSirebulia 11 sakvirao saxarebasTan), sadag da sadResaswaulo
dReebSi ki eqsapostelarions sxvadasxva Sinaarsi aqvs. amitom
unda vivaraudoT, rom es saxelwodeba isev misi galobis xerxidan
warmodgeba – rogorc zemoT iTqva, mis sagaloblad warigzavneba
mgalobeli.
rac Seexeba saxelwodeba “ganmanaTlebels”29, igi SesaZloa
warmodga am sagaloblis teqstis Sinaarsidan – masSi xSiradaa
saubari sinaTleze da ganaTlebaze. magaliTad, naTlisRebis
dResaswaulis ganmanaTlebeli ambobs:
75
gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,
mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa,
da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa
mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna,
movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna,
naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo�����.....
magram gvxvdeba iseTi ganmanaTleblebic (mag. miZinebis ganmanaTlebeli),
romlebSic ar aris saubari sinaTlesa da ganaTlebaze.
12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (koinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1n).).).).).
esaa muxli fsalmunidan (iSviaTad - raime sxva teqsti wmida
werilidan), romelic RvTismsaxurTa ziarebis dros igalobeba da
“aliluias” vrceli da melizmaturi galobiT mTavrdeba. zogjer
“aliluia” ramdenimejer (mag. samgzis) meordeba. ganicadeni SinaarsiT
ukavSirdeba dRis Temas. magaliTad, sulTmofenobis ganicadenia 142-e
fsalmunis me-10 muxlis nawili: “suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me
queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”. imis gamo, rom ganicadenma unda Seavsos
dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic RvTismsaxurni eziarebian sakurTxevelSi,
misi melodiebi, Cveulebriv, melizmaturi saxisaa30.
Tanamedrove praqtikam, gansakuTrebiT evropuli mravalxmiani galobis
gavrcelebisa da Tavisufali galobaTSemoqmedebis damkvidrebis Semdeg,
RvTismsaxurTa sakurTxevelSi ziarebis dros dauSva sxva sagalobelTa
galobac, romelTac xSirad araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs dRis,
dResaswaulis TematikasTan31.
4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti pikonSipikonSipikonSipikonSipikonSi
rogorc zemoT iTqva, erT tonze kiTxva musikaluri elementis
gamovlinebis yvelaze martiv formas warmoadgens. meore poluss
29 Cveni dakvirvebiT, saxelwodeba “ganicadeni” damkvidrebulia didmarxvis
RvTismsaxurebidan. didmarxvis ganicadenSi naTqvamia – “ganicadeT da ixileT”.
savaraudod, aqedan daerqva “ganicadeni” RvTismsaxurebis am momentisaTvis nagalobeb
yvela sagalobels yoveli dRisTvis.30 Cveni TvalsazrisiT, es araswori praqtikaa. galoba ar unda iqces musikalur
gaformebad. igi ar unda daSordes dRis Temas. magaliTad, aTonis mTaze
“ganicadenTan” erTad, rodesac igi ar aris sakmarisi im drois Sesavsebad, romlis
manZilzec RvTismsaxurni eziarebian sakurTxevelSi, ikiTxeba ziarebis locvebis
garkveuli nawili.
76
warmoadgens sazeimo, gamSvenebuli, uxvad Semkobili, gaformebuli
galoba gundisa. es ori saxe da maT Soris moTavsebuli gradaciebi
erTobliobaSi qmnian musikalur mTlianobas, romelSic yovel
maTgans aqvs misTvis gansazRvruli, mkvidri adgili. ar SeiZleba
TviTneburad, piradi gemovnebis mixedviT icvlebodes Sesrulebis
erTi saxe meoreTi, erTi xma _ sxva xmiT. saRvTismsaxuro
sagaloblebis SesrulebisaTvis wesdebiT (tipikoniT) gansazRvrulia
musikaluri elementis sxvadasxva gradacia, sxvadasxva
TanmimdevrobiTa da sxvadasxva kombinaciiT, rac RvTismsaxurebas
musikalur-liturgiuli TvalsazrisiT erT ideologiur da
musikalur mTlianobad aqcevs. am mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis
aucilebelia msaxurebis Catareba tipikonis mixedviT, anu galobis
Sesruleba tipikonSi miTiTebuli xmebisa da melodiebis Sesabamisad.
am TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia saRvTismsaxuro galobis Tavad
RvTismsaxurebisagan gancalkeveba da misi mxolod musikaluri
TvalsazrisiT ganxilva, SeuZlebelia misi gamoyofa tipikonisagan,
RvTismsaxurebis struqturisagan, misi rigisa da wesisagan.
struqtura, forma da teqstebi im faqtorebs warmoadgenen, romlebic
musikalur fenomens iyeneben da saRvTismsaxuro rigiT dalagebul
sityvas da am sityviT gamoxatul ideas Seesabamebian. amgvarad,
musikaluri stiqia RvTismsaxurebaSi gamomdinareobs Tavad
RvTismsaxurebidan.
saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba (tipikoni) awesrigebs saRvTismsaxuro
moqmedebebis, kiTxvisa da galobis rigsa da wess, Seicavs galobis
Sesaxeb miTiTebebs, romlebic asaxaven, Tu romel xmaSi igalobeba
sagalobeli, romeli sagalobeli warmoadgens TviTxmovans (e.w.
automeloni, romelic igalobeba sakuTari melodiiT), romeli
warmoadgens msgavss (e.w. prosomia), anu igalobeba miTiTebuli
TviTxmovnis melodiiT (es miTiTeba win uZRvis am sagalobebls
e.w. wanamZRvris (prologosis) saxiT). zogierT SemTxvevaSi wesdeba
iseT miTiTebebsac Seicavs, Tu rogor unda SevasruloT sagalobeli.
mravali ram, rac tipikonSi ar iwereboda, rogorc yoveldRiuri
saRvTismsaxuro praqtikidan yvelasaTvis kargad cnobili, Seadgenda
da dResac Seadgens saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo praqtikis nawils,
Sesabamisad - marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gadmocemas (ix. i. gardneris
dasaxelebuli wigni, gv. 7732).
32 "ñîñòàâëÿëî è ñîñòàâëÿåòú äî ñèõú ïîðú ÷àñòü áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêîãî ïðåäàíèÿ;ïîñëåäíåå æå îòíîñîòñÿ êú ïðåäàíèþ ïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè âîîáùå”.
77
kerZod, ivane gardneri wers (gv. 78-79): “amasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidan
ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes, rom ru rom ru rom ru rom ru rom rusuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tipikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni
warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens RvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wess (gamoyofa
teqstSi avtoriseulia –a .u .) . saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul
RvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocema
saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.
am TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadod
saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan, ti ti ti ti tipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseuli
miTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeuli
sagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebis
musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is sisrulessisrulessisrulessisrulessisrules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .
“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili gunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblo
(igulisxmeba polifoniuri – a.u.) mumumumumusikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tipikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,
rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,
saRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSs
aRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,
praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,
isic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuli
winamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTvis.”33
saRvTismsaxuro tipikonebSi cvlilebebis gaCena gadawerebis dros
gadamwerTa mier daSvebuli uzustobebiT aris gamowveuli. am da zogierTi
sxva faqtoris zemoqmedebiT axali tradicia cvlis tipikoniseul
gansazRvrulobas da saeklesio gadmocemas. ufro seriozuli
cvlilebebi ki sxvadasxva drois reformatorul qmedebebTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
saqarTvelos eklesiaSi moqmed tipikonTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi miTiTebuli galobebi warmoadgenen
damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnil sagaloblebs, xolo miTiTebuli
xmebi damskeliseuli kanonikuri xmebia. cnobilia, rom ioane damaskelma
33 “Ïðè ýòîì íåëüçÿ óïóñêàòü èçú âèäà, ÷òî ñîâðåìåííûé Òèïèêîí ðóññêîé öåðêâè èìååòâú âèäó ìîíàñòûðñêèé ïîðÿäîêú áîãîñëóæåíèé. À èìåííî âú ìîíàñòûðñêîìáîãîñëóæåíèè áîëüøå ñîõðàíèëîñü ïðåäàíèå õàðàêòåðà èñïîëíåíèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíàãîïåíèÿ êàê îäíîé èçú ôîðì ú ñàìàãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ. Âú ýòîìú îòíîøåíèè ìèðñêèÿ öåðêâèî÷åíü äàëåêî îòîøëè îòú áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî ïðåäàíèÿ âîîáùå . . . Ìåæäó òåìú,óñòàâíûÿ óêàçàíèÿ õàðàêòåðà èñïîëíåíèÿ òåõú èëè èíûõú ÷àñòåé áîãîñëóæåíèÿ, èëèîòäåëüíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé, èìåþò âú âèäó öåëîñòíîñòü ìóçûêàëüíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî îôîðìëåíèÿäàííàãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ . . . Îäíîâðåìåííî ñú âûòåñíåíèåìú óñòàâíîãî ðóññêàãî,ïðåäàííàãî îòú îñíîâàíèÿ ðóññêîé öåðêâè, áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ, õîðîâîé ïåâ÷åñêîéìóçûêîé íà áîãîñëóæåáíûå (à èíîãäà è íå áîãîñëóæåáíûå, íàïð. «êîíöåðòû») òåêñòû, -ìíîãèå ïåðåñòàëè ñ÷èòàòüñÿ ñ óêàçàíèÿìè óñòàâà . . . à óñòàâú-òèïèêîíú îñòàëñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêèðóêîâîäñòâóþùèì òîëüêî â ìîíàñòûðÿõú, äà ó íàèáîëåå äîáðîñîâåñòíûõú è ëèòóðãè÷åñêè– îáðàçîâàííûõ íàñòîÿòåëåé ïðèõîäîâú è ó ðåâíîñòíûõú ïñàëîìùèêîâú. . .. . “
78
Seqmna “rva xmaTa” (oqtoixosi), anu paraklitoni. aseve man sxvadasxva
dResaswaulisaTvis 60-ze meti kanoni Seqmna. droTa ganmavlobaSi
damaskeliseuli melodiebis safuZvelze, kanonikis dacviT eklesiis
wiaRSi Seiqmna mravali sagalobeli: daemata iseTi dReebisa da
dResaswaulebis sagaloblebi, romlebic damaskelis qmnilebaTa siaSi
ar iyo Sesuli. saqarTveloSi moqmed tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro
wignebSi damaskeliseuli kanonikuri (anu bizantiuri) galoba romaa
daculi da miTiTebuli, amis utyuari dasturia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi
arsebuli miTiTebebi sagaloblisa da maTi avtorebis Sesaxeb. es
miTiTeba warmoadgens moTxovnas, rom unda Sesruldes esa da es
sagalobeli, Seqmnili ama da am himnograf-kompozitoris mier. rac
Seexeba saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi dasaxelebul himnograf-kompozitorebs,
romlebic damaskeliseuli kanonikiT qmnidnen sagaloblebs, arian
bizantiur sagalobelTa Semqmnelebi, bizantiuri galobis himnograf-
kompozitorebi. saqarTveloSi moqmed saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi swored
isinia dasaxelebuli: Tavad ioane damaskeli (ioane monazoni), kosma
maiumeli (kosma monazoni), Teodore studieli, pavle amoreveli, mitrofane
smirneli, konstantine porfirosani, leon brZeni, ioane evqaiteli, stefane,
iosebi, anatoli, niloqsanTopulo, germane, bizantosi da sxva mravali
himnograf-kompozitori.
ase magaliTad, aRdgomis kanoni, anu paseqis kanoni dawera ioane
damaskelma. amaze miuTiTebs warwera: “qmnuli uflisa ioane damaskelisa,
xma a”, xolo jvarTamaRlebis kanoni Seqmnilia kosma maiumelis mier
da aweria: “qmnuli uflisa kosmasi, xma �” da a.S. es kanonebi igalobeba
ara marto saberZneTSi, aramed ierusalimSi, palestinaSi, bulgareTSi,
serbeTSi, ruseTSi da a.S. - praqtikulad yvela adgilobriv eklesiaSi
igalobeba erTsa da imave melodiebze da mSobliur enebze. saqarTvelos
eklesiis mier gamocemul 2005 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi pirdapiraa
aRniSnuli: “t�ipikoni saeklesio�, wmidisa keTil-gangebulebisa
wmidisa da RmerTSemosilisa mamisa Cuenisa saba�s lavrisa�,
romeli esreTve iqmnebis sxuaTaca yovelTa monasterTa
Sina palestinisaTa”.
rogorc aRvniSneT, wminda mamaTa mier Seqmnili kanonebis Zlispirebi
Seadgenen ZlispirTa krebuls, irmologions, romelTa melodiebsac
ewodeba saTviTxmovnoebi da am melodiebze igalobeba mravali
sagalobeli, e.w. msgavsebi. saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi saTviTxmovnoze
miTiTeba msgavsis TavSi e.w. wanamZRvris saSualebiT xdeba. magaliTad,
wanamZRvari: “marjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuena����� Seni Seni Seni Seni Seni”, romelic saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi pirveli
xmis mraval sagalobels aweria, arniSnavs, rom es sagalobeli igalobeba
Zlispiris - “marjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuena����� Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis” melodiaze.
79
kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom dasaxelebuli principiT
aris agebuli yvela saRvTismsaxuro wigni - saTviTxmovno sagaloblebs
Tan axlavs maT SemqmnelTa, wmida mamaTa da gamoCenil SemoqmedTa saxelebi,
xolo msgavsebs – wanamZRvrebi, anu miTiTebebi saTviTxmovnoebze. aseTi
agebuleba - himnograf-kompozitor mamaTa da SemoqmedTa Rvawlis
warmoCenasTan erTad - naTlad Easaxavs saeklesio kanonikuri galobis
gvar-saxeobas, radgan cnobilia, rom dasaxelebuli avtorebi TavianT
sagaloblebs damaskeliseuli kanonikis dacviT werdnen. Sesabamisad,
saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi daculi da miTiTebuli saeklesio sagaloblebi
bizantiur sagaloblebs warmoadgenen.
gavixsenoT, rom saTviTxmovnoebs warmoadgenen ara marto kanonis
Zlispirebi. saTviTxmovnoebi gvxvdeba sxva sagalobelTa jgufebSic:
dasdeblebSi (e.w. stiqaronTa jgufi), troprebSi da a.S. troprebisa
da papadikur sagalobelTa umravlesoba, romlebic igalobeba did
saeklesio dResaswaulebze, warmoadgens TviTxmovnebs, e.w. idiomelonebs,
anu mxolod maTTvis Seqmnil melodiebze igalobeba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobis
sagalobelTa sistema warmoadgens Ria sistemas, rac imas niSnavs, rom
misi kanonikiT, anu damaskeliseuli kanonikiT dResac iqmneba da momavalSic
Seiqmneba axal-axali melodiebi - ara mxolod axal wmindanTa tropar-
kondakebi da sadResaswaulo sagaloblebi, aramed ukve Seqmnili
sagaloblebisTvisac sxva axali melodiebi. ase magaliTad, wirvis
sagaloblisTvis - “romelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTa” - sxvadasxva avtoris mier
uamravi melodiaa Seqmnili, Tanac erTsa da imave xmaSi am sagaloblis
ramdenime varianti gvaqvs. es sruliad dasaSvebia, - oRond daculi
unda iyos kanonika, romlis mixedviTac mkacrad aris gansazRvruli
xmis musikaluri elementebi da melodiis Sedgenis wesebi.
AzemoTqmuls, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi
daculi da miTiTebuli xmebi warmoadgenen damaskeliseuli kanonikis,
anu bizantiuri galobis xmebs, davamatebT amonarids Tbilisis sasuliero
akademiisa da seminariis 1995 wlis liturgikuli krebulidan #1,
gv.3: “saeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeuli
sagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmis
CaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuli
locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.
erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobeli
saeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmaze ar ar ar ar ar
sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba (xazi Cvenia, a.u.), is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba
(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli
adamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvneba.”
80
Cveni mxriv davamatebT: savsebiT veTanxmebiT moyvanil mosazrebas da
aRvniSnavT, rom Cven arasdros gviTqvams amaze meti da mniSvnelovani,
oRond, Cvenda savalalod, ase mwyobrad da garkveviT es ver SevZeliT.D
damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1. eklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobis
mniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvneloba
Cven ar vamtkicebT, rom kanonikuri erTianoba eklesiis erTianobas
gansazRvravs, magram danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi ganamtkicebs
eklesiis, marTlmadidebeli eris erTianobas. ra Tqma unda, eklesiis
erTianobis upirvelesi safuZvelia RvTismetyvelebis, dogmatebis,
sazogadod saeklesio swavlebis erTianoba, yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis
mier misi upirobo aRiareba da miReba. es aris eklesiis erTianobis
Sinaarsi, es swavleba macxovarma, ieso qristem mogvitana; am principiT
daafuZna man amqveynad WeSmariti eklesia, romelsac ver moereva “bWeni
jojoxeTisani”, dagvitova moZRvreba erTianobisa da ganuyofelobisa.
saeklesio galoba WeSmarit eklesiaSi RvTis mier aris gamocxadebuli
da marTuli. Sedareba da paralelis gatareba im faqtTan, rom adgilobriv
eklesiebSi miRebulia gansxvavebul, mSobliur enebze wirva-locvebis
Catareba, Cveni azriT, ar aris marTebuli. enaTa dayofa RvTis daSvebiT
moxda da isic mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom es iyo ara jildo, aramed
sasjeli kacobriobis ampartavnebisaTvis. xolo rac Seexeba sxva
gamomsaxvelobiT “enaTa”, maT Soris saeklesio xelovnebis “enaTa”
dayofas, aseTi faqti eklesiisTvis ucnobia. erTiani kanonika saeklesio
xelovnebaSi erovnuli, eTnikuri Taviseburebebis Setanas ar gamoricxavs,
magram swored imisTvis arsebobs saeklesio kanonika, swored imitom
cdilobdnen wmida mamebi, SeeqmnaT da daedginaT eklesiaSi galobis,
xatwerisa Tu arqiteqturis kanonebi, rom amiT SeeqmnaT erTiani midgomis
meqanizmebi, raTa eklesia, misi xelovneba miuRebeli formebisagan daecvaT.
damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2. dedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmani
saqarTvelos istoriografiidan cnobilia, Cveni eklesiis wmida
mamebs rogori jafisa da rudunebis fasad uxdebodaT sagalobelTa
Targmnisas originalTan metruli Tanafardobis dacva (ix. wm. giorgi
mTawmidelis anderZi, jer 98). es xdeboda erTaderTi mizniT - maqsimalurad
SeenarCunebinaT da ar SeecvalaT sagaloblis kanonikuri melodiebi.
amiT mexeleebs uadvildebodaT Targmnil teqstebze kanonikuri
melodiebis dadeba.
81
bizantiur galobaSi sityvisa da melodiis, teqstisa da musikaluri
elementis erTmaneTTan organulad Serwymisa da erTianobis Taobaze
sxva adgilas visaubrebT. aq ki SevexebiT erT sagulisxmo moments,
romelic dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom musikalur elementze sityvis
zemoqmedebas aqvs meore mxarec, kerZod: musikalur elementze enis
artikulaciuri Taviseburebebisa da bunebrivi ritmis zemoqmedeba, aseve
bgeris gamocemis, sasimRero artikulaciis meqanikisa da sxva
Taviseburebebis zegavlena. sagaloblis erTi enidan meoreze Targmnisas
es garemoebebi garkveul sirTuleebs qmnian, magram, meore mxriv, Targmnil
sagalobels aniWebs mTargmneli erisTvis damaxasiaTebel iers. Tu,
damatebiT, Targmnili sagalobeli gamSvenebulia am erisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ornamentikiTa da melizmuri elementebiT, maSin igi
droTa ganmavlobaSi eTviseba eris smenas da mis esTetikur da emociur
moTxovnilebebs srulebiT akmayofilebs. amave dros xdeba ukuqmedebac:
saeklesio galobis musikaluri elementebi, melodiebi da kompoziciebi
eklesiidan gadis erSi da am eris SemoqmedebaSi aisaxeba. magaliTad,
saqarTveloSi, Tu bizantiuri galobis melodiebs xalxur simRerebs
SevadarebT - erTxmianebs (banis TanxlebiT), an Tundac mravalxmianebs,
romlebSic wamyvan musikalur elements warmoadgens melodia (da ara
harmonia), rac metad damaxasiaTebelia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
regionisaTvis, mTis (fSav-xevsureTis, TuSeTis da sxv.), qalaquri
folkloris, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos, gansakuTrebiT, megruli
melodiuri simRerebisaTvis - am or fenomens Soris gasaocar msgavsebasa
da naTesaobas aRmovaCenT, romelic xSirad kiloTa da melodiur xazTa
igiveobis doneze mJRavndeba. es arc aris gasakviri, imis gamo, rom
bizantiuri galoba, rogorc aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri galoba,
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos adgilobrivi eklesiis tradiciul
galobas warmoadgenda.
sagalobelTa teqstebis Targmnisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is
garemoeba, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis himnografia eklesiis dogmatur
swavlebas eyrdnoba. amitom himnografis mier dawerili teqstis
Targmnisas dogmatur sakiTxebSi ar unda iyos orazrovnebebi da
uzustobebi. aseTma Secdomebma SeiZleba warmoSvas aracalsaxa,
heterodoqsuli koncefciebi da ideebi. amitom dauSvebelia sagalobelTa
teqstebis ufro Tavisufali, SesaZloa stilisturad SedarebiT lamazi
da literaturulad SedarebiT srulyofili Targmanebi. amis gamo iyo,
rom sityvasityviTi Targmnis principiT xelmZRvanelobdnen saqarTveloSi
Cveni eklesiis wminda mamebi da ganmanaTleblebi, saRvTismsaxuro da
saRvTismetyvelo teqstebis mTargmnelebi. bunebrivia, rom aseTi midgomiT
Targmanis ena moergo originalis, dednis enas. yovelive aman ki Tavisi
gavlena iqonia Targmanis enis Semdgomi ganviTarebis procesze, ara
82
mxolod WeSmariti ideebisa da msoflmxedvelobis SeTvisebisa
dagaTavisebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed struqturul-konstruqciuli
formirebis TvalsazrisiTac34.
sagalobelTa TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT i. gardneri aRniSnavs (gv
62):
“sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT (sagaloblis –
a.u.) melodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebis
mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,
yuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZleba
zust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSi.”34
es garemoeba, rasakvirvelia, Targmnisas did siZneleebs qmnida. magram
amis miuxedavad, adgilobriv eklesiebSi yovelTvis iTargmneboda
bizantiuri sagaloblebis teqstebi. rogorc iTqva, saqarTveloSi amasTan
dakavSirebiT Seiqmna mexeleTa instituti, berZnulidan Targmnil, aseve
bizantiuri (damaskeliseuli) kanonikiT Seqmnil originalur qarTul
sagaloblebs mexurni ewodaT. amis dasturia wm. giorgi mTawmidelis
anderZSi moyvanili sityvebic: “Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa
dagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad ese
ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.
aseTi Sromis gawevisa da didi siZneleebis gadalaxvis erTaderTi
motivi iyo is, rom erTiani eklesiis kanonikis dacvas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeboda da dResac eniWeba, radgan kanonikis erTianoba eklesiis
erTianobas ganamtkicebs.
34 samgaloblo praqtikaSi gvxvdeba erTi movlenac, romelic ar aris TargmnasTan
dakavSirebuli, magram amaxinjebs sagaloblis teqsts da SeiZleba warmoSvas
orazrovnebani da gaurkvevlobani. ruseTSi aseTi gamovlinebebia e.w. “anana�kebi” da
“xabuvebi”. igi gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia “demesturi” saxis galobisaTvis
(äåìåñòâåííîå ïåíèå). misi arsi Semdegia: galobisas teqstSi romelime sityvis
gagrZelebis gareSe marcvlebis CarTviT xdeba (mag.: ”na”, “ne”, “ni”, “xa bu va”).magaliTad, teqsti: “Âîñêðåñåíèÿ äåíü, è ïðîñâåòèìñÿ òîðæåñòâîì” ase igalobeboda:
“Âîñêðåååñåíèèèààà äååååååååååååå ïðîñâåòèèèèìîñÿà àèíåíààíåíàààíèå è íåååè íåååèíååå åååå è íå èíå å åíèèíåå òîðæåñòâîì”. saqarTveloSic gvxvdeba sagalobelTa
teqstebis damaxinjebebi. mag.: wodebiTi daboloeba “o”-s nacvlad iTqmeba: “io” “aio”,
“ievo” da a.S. aseve, sityvis SuaSi zogierTi xmovani icvleba ramodenime xmovniT -
mag.: “e” – “eie”-Ti da misT. amgvari damatebebis gamoyenebas, SeZlebisdagvarad, unda
veridoT, xolo gamoyenebisas ar unda davuSvaT teqstis damaxinjeba da gabundovaneba,
orazrovnobis gaCena, zedmeti stilizeba da a..S.
34 34 34 34 34 “““““ ïðè ïåðåâîäå íà äðóãîé ÿçûêú è ïðè ïðèíÿòèè îòú ãðåêîâú ñàìîãî íàïåâà (êàêýòî äîëæíî áûëî èìåòü ìåñòî ïðè ïðèíÿòèè ðóññêèìè õðèñòÿíñòâà îò ãðåêîâú),êîíå÷íî, áûëî îáðàùåíî âíèìàíèå íà âîçìîæíî áîëåå áëèçêîå ñîîòâåòñòâèåîðèãèíàëó â ÷èñëå ñëîãîâú ïåðåâîäà”.”.”.”.”.
Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III
saeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebi
struqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi da
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebi
q ristes eklesiaSi araferia naklebRirebuli da
umniSvnelo, rameTu yovel wes-CveulebaSi mkvidrobs suliwmida, visiTac sunTqavs da suldgmulobs eklesia. yoveli, romeli aRudgeba wmida werils da saRmrTo gadmocemebze dafuZnebul saeklesio wes-Cveulebasa
da kanonebs, suliwmidas aRudgeba.
mitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokenti
84
Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III
saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,
elementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi
O1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi
1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali
rogorc iTqva, RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi gawyobilia rva xmaze.
“rva xmaTa” (anu paraklitoni, igive oqtoixosi) Seadgina wm. ioane
damaskelma da daamkvidra aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi. arsebuli xmebidan
saeklesio kanonikuri galobisaTvis man SearCia da daadgina 8 - 4
ZiriTadi da 4 gverdiTi - xma, oTx diatonur kilosTan erTad -
aRmosavleTis eklesiis arealSi Semavali xalxebisaTvis, maT Soris,
ebraeli, siria-palestineli, arabi da sxva xalxebisTvis niSandoblivi
da Cveuli ori qromatuli da ori enharmoniuli kilo1.
rvaxmaTas yoveli sagalobeli dawerilia TiToeuli xmisTvis
dadgenili musikaluri formulebiT, anu kanonikuri melodiebiT, aseve
sxva musikaluri elementebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic erTobliobaSi
gansazRvraven xmis musikalur mxares. sagaloblebis ageba (SeTxzva)
da galoba emyareba mkafiod gansazRvrul wesebs, rac erTobliobaSi
Seadgens marTlmadidebeli eklesiis galobis kanonikas.
1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi
saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro musika mravalferovania ara mxolod
Tavisi SinaarsiT, aramed Tavisi JReradobiTac. musikaluri
mravalferovnebis gamosaxvis saSualebas e.w. xmebi iZleva. amitom hqvia
1 bizantiuri musikis Teoriis Sesaxeb masalebi sxvadasxva wyarodan amovkribeT, maT
Soris: Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Qewrhtiko, Buzantinhj Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj;David J. Melling, Reading Psalmodia, Part I, Part II, Part III; Antwniou E. Alugizakh Dr.Q,Qemata Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, Qessalonikh 1991; Qeodwrou Fwkaewj – Krhpijtou qewrhtikou Praktikou thj Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, en Aqhnaij, 1902; GregoriosTh. Stathis, An Analisis of the Sticheron, Studies in Estern Chant, General Editors Egon Welleszand Milos Velimirovic; ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìèíàñèéï. Òîäîðîâ, ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ ÈÇÄÀÒÅËÑÒÂÎ; Byzantine Music, The modal structure of the11 Eothina Anastassima ascribed to the Empreror Leo (+912), A musicological studi by Dr.Solomon J. Hadjisolomos, The Holy Monastery of Kykko, Nicosia-Cyprus 1986; ÌîíàõèíÿÎëüãà – Ìóçèêàëüíàÿ Êóëüòóðà Âèçàíòèè, Ñðåòåíñêèé ìîíàñòèðü, “Íîâàÿ êíèãà”, 1998 ã.da a.S.
saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura
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damaskeliseul saeklesio kanonikur galobas xmiani (“xmeani”, “mexuri”)
galoba. xma gamosaxavs sagaloblis musikalur mxares da ara
teqstualurs, rogorc es mravals hgonia - iqidan gamomdinare, rom
arakanonikur galobaTa umravlesobam dakarga xma, rogorc aseTi, da
rvaxmaTa, rogorc mwyobri musikaluri sistema, darCa oden formalurad,
miTiTebebis doneze saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi, rac gaugebrobas iwvevs
mgaloblebSi da arc Tu iSviaTad - sasuliero pirebSic.
“xma” warmoadgens musikaluri gamosaxvis saSualebas, romelic Sedgeba
ramdenime musikaluri elementisagan (ix. qvemoT). magram gamoTqma “xma”
aseve gamoiyeneba sagalobelTa sistemis aRsaniSnavad. pirveli
TvalsazrisiT xma ZiriTadad kilos mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, maSin
rodesac meore TvalsazrisiT igi sagalobelTa sxvadsxva jgufis
erTobliobas aRniSnavs da asaxavs saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis
ciklurobasa da tipikoniT gansazRvrul Semadgenlobas.
mogvyavs xmis musikaluri elementebis daxasiaTeba.
1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, bizantiur musikaSi musikaluri bgerebi,
romelTa saxelwodebebia ni-pa-vu-ga-di-ke-zo′ (νη-πα-βου-γα-δι-κε-ζω′),evropuli musikaluri sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, ar arian etalonirebuli.
isini sxvadasxva xmis gamebSi erTmaneTis mimarT gansxvavebul intervalebs
qmnian. bizantiur musikaSi musikalur gamas uwodeben kibes (klimax),bgerebs – fTongebs (fqo1ggoi), xolo intervalebs - tonebs (to1noi).qveda oqtavis bgerebs ZiriTadi oqtavis bgerebisagan gansasxvaveblad
mTavruliT weren, xolo zeda oqtavis bgerebs uweren Strixs: . . . ga-
di-ke-zo-vi-pa-vu-ga-di-ke-zo′-ni′-pa′-vu′-. . . davakvirdeT, rom qveda “zo”aris Strixis gareSe. Strixs zeda “zos” vuwerT.
bizantiuri galobis kanonikuri xmebi agebulia sami saxis gamaze:
Zvel diatonur, qromatul (msubuqad da Zlierad qromatul) da
enharmoniul gamebze. aRvniSnavT, rom gamas enharmoniuls pirobiTad
vuwodebT, radgan misi intervalebi ar moicavs enharmonizmisaTvis
damaxsiaTebel intervalebs. es saxeli mas kanonikuri xmebidan (mesame
da meSvide) gamomdinare ewoda. rac Seexeba am xmebis melodiebs,
enharmonizmsa da misTvis damaxasiaTebel intervalebs, isini im
mravalferovani alteraciis - amaRleba-dadablebis niSnebis gamoyenebiT
miiRweva, romlebic bizantiur musikalur sistemas aqvs. evropuli
musikisagan gansxvavebiT, bizantiuri musikis gamebSi gvxvdeba sami saxis
intervali: didi (o2 mei1zwn), saSualo (o2 e3la1sswn) da patara (o2e3la1cistoj). gama 8 ZiriTadi bgerisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan me-8 oqtaviT
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zeviT pirvels imeorebs. sityva “oqtava” swored am garemoebas gamosaxavs.
oqtavis Semadgenel bgerebs qordebi (cordoi) ewodebaT. moviyvanT zemoT dasaxelebuli gamebis intervalebs:
1. Zveli diatonuri:
ni pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ | 12 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 |
2. msubuqad qromatuli:
ni pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ | 8 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 8 |
3. Zlierad qromatuli:
pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ pa′ | 6 | 20 |4 | 12 | 6 | 20 |4 |
4. enharmoniuli:
ni pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ | 12 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 6 |
am gamosaxulebebSi miRebulia, rom erTi erTeuli tonis meTormetedis
toldid intervals, mikrotons warmoadgens. magaliTisaTvis, diatonur
gamaSi gvaqvs sami didi intervali: ni-pa, ga-di da di-ke, romelTagan
TiToeuli maTgani 12 mikrotons Seicavs, ori - saSualo: pa-vu da ke-
zo, TiToeuli 10 mikrotonis sididis, da oric - patara: vu-ga da zo-
ni, 8 mikrotonis sididis. SevniSnavT, rom sxvadasxva gamaSi didi,
saSualo da patara intervalebi sididiT gansxvavebulebi arian. magaliTad,
msubuqad qromatul gamaSi didi intervali 14 mikrotonis sididisaa,
saSualo – 12, xolo patara – 8 mikrotonis sididis. sul oqtava 72
mikrotonis sididisaa.
TiToeuli gama ori tetraqordisagan Sedgeba: zeda da qveda
tetraqordebisagan, romlebic erTmaneTs gamyofi intervaliT
ukavSirdebian. magaliTad, diatonur gamaSi gvaqvs ori tetraqordi: ni-
pa-vu-ga qveda da di-ke-zo′-ni zeda tertraqordebi, romlebic erTmaneTs
ga-di gamyofi intervaliT ukavSirdebian. TiToeuli tetraqordis sidide
30 mikrotonis tolia.
bgerebisa da intervalebis ricxviTi gamosaxulebebis tradicia
Zvel saberZneTSi odiTgan arsebobda. amisaTvis sakmarisia davasaxeloT
piTagorelTa skola. xmaTa gamebis intervalTa ricxviTi gamosaxulebebi
maTi Seswavlisa da gaanalizebis saSualebas gvaZlevs. SesaZloa, mTeli
sizustiT mikrotonebis aRqma da Sesruleba rTuli iyos, gansakuTrebiT
evropul temperirebul gamebze gavarjiSebuli yurisaTvis, magram
arsebiTia xmebis mixedviT gamebisa da kiloebis codna, Tavdapirvelad
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Tundac Teoriulad. mowadinebulTaTvis droTa ganmavlobaSi
aratemperirebuli gamebis aRqma da Sesruleba aseve SesaZlebeli gaxdeba.
1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba
bizantiuri galoba iyenebs musikalur elementebsa da musikaluri
gamomsaxvelobis xerxebs, romelTa erTianoba gansazRvravs bizantiuri
galobis xmebs (Ηχος). xmebi iyofian or jgufad: 4 mTavar da oTxgverdiT xmebad. rogorc iTqva, teqstur-musikaluri TvalsazrisiT,
sagaloblebi ori sawyisis - sityvisa da musikis erTobas warmoadgens.
wminda musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, xma aris yalibi, CarCo, Targi, romlis
farglebSi da romlis mixedviTac kanonikuri sagalobeli unda
Camoyalibdes da aigos.
1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi
yovel xmas Tavisi maxasiaTebeli elementebi aqvs, riTac isini
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian. es elementebia:
1. bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama),
2. kilo, romelic warmoadgens bgeraTrigs, Semdegi gansazRvruli
elementebiT:
• fuZe bgera (tonika),
• dominanturi da subdominanturi bgerebi (dominanta da
subdominanta),
3. melodiuri formulebi,
4. melodiuri kadenciebi (kataleqsisi),
5. intonaciuri formulebi (apiqema),
6. sxva elementebi.
meti sicxadisaTvis Cven erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavebT bgeraTrigebs
(gamebs), kiloebsa da xmebs da SevecdebiT davaxasiaToT zemoT moyvanili
elementebi:
1. bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi musikaluri bgerebis
mimdevrobaa, romelic gansazRvruli intervalebis mixedviT aris
agebuli. bizantiur galobaSi gamoyenebulia bgeraTrigebis sami
ZiriTadi gvari (Taoba – Ge1noj): diatonuri, qromatuli (Zlierad
qromatuli da sustad qromatuli) da enharmoniuli. I, IV, gv. I
(anu V) da gv. IV (anu VIII) xmebi ZiriTadad agebulia diatonur
gamebze, II da gv. II (anu VI) xmebi – qromatul, da III da gv. III (anu
VII) xmebi - enharmoniul gamebze. ganmartebisaTvis aRvniSnavT, rom
Zveli, bunebrivi diatonuri kiloebi ramdenadme gansxvavdebian maTi
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“evropeli” STamomavlebisagan, romlebic Zveli kiloebis temperirebul
Sesatyvisebs warmoadgenen.
2. kilo. kiloSi vigulisxmebT musikalur gamas, romelSic gansazRvrulia
(dafiqsirebulia) ZiriTadi bgerebi: fuZe bgera (tonika), dominanturi
da subdominanturi bgerebi, aseve finaluri bgerebi. xmis kilos
damaxasiaTebeli niSania im bgerebis arseboba, romlebic melodiaSi
yvelaze xSirad ismis, an iseTi bgerebisa, romlebzec xmis melodiebs
“uyvarT” mimoqceva; aseve erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia damasrulebeli,
finaluri bgerebi, romlebzec mTavrdeba melodiis kadenciebi da
xmis sagaloblebi.
• fuZe bgera, anu tonika. yovel kilos aqvs Tavisi fuZebgera, igive
– fuZe toni, romelic warmoadgens misi gamis ZiriTad, sayrden
tons. swored am bgeris mimarT xdeba gamis Tu melodiuri xazis
Semadgeneli musikaluri bgerebis simaRleebis (intervaluri
daSorebebis) aRqma, gageba. xSirad sagalobeli bolovdeba
tonikaze, Tumca SesaZloa iyos sxva SemTxvevebic. biantiuri galobis
praqtikaSi tonika ZiriTadad ismis isonis2 (izokratimas) saxiT,
anu mas aqvs damxmare, gamomsaxvelobiTi da ara damoukidebeli
funqcia. amitomaa, rom bizantiuri galoba Tavisi SinaarsiT erTxmian,
melodiur galobas warmoadgens3.
• gabatonebuli (dominanturi) bgerebi – kilos aqvs erTi an
ramdenime dominanturi toni, romlebic xmis melodiebSi
gabatonebuli (momZlavrebuli, upiratesi) bgerebia, rogorc wesi
- kadenciebis damasrulebeli bgerebi.
erTi da igive bgeraTrigi (intervalebis Tanmimdevroba) imisda
mixedviT, Tu romel bgeras miviCnevT fuZe bgerad (tonikad), gvaZlevs
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul kiloebs. magaliTad, diatonuri gama
gansxvavebuli fuZe bgerebis Sesabamisad gvaZlevs gansxvavebul kiloebs:
doriuls (iyenebs I xma), frigiulsa da miqsolidiurs (iyenebs IV
xma), eoliurs (iyenebs V xma), ionursa da lidiurs (iyenebs VIII
xma). Cveulebriv, erTsa da imave xmaSi vxvdebiT ramdenime kilos,
romelTagan zogierTi warmoadgens ZiriTad, xolo zogierTi –
araZiriTad kiloebs. es ukanaskneli sagaloblebSi SedarebiT naklebad
gamoiyeneba. aseve aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac TviT erTi sagaloblis
farglebSi gvxvdeba sxvadxva kilo.
xma, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens kilos, romelsac emateba am xmisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli melodiuri da intonaciuri formulebi, melodiuri
kadenciebi, emociuri xasiaTisa da sxva saxis elementebi.
2 isonisa da izokratimas Sesaxeb saubari qvemoT gveqneba.3 3 3 3 3 gansxvavebiT mravalxmiani – harmoniuli galobisagan, romelSic xmebs met-naklebad
damoukidebeli moZraoba axasiaTebT da erTiandebian harmoniaSi.
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3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . melodiuri formulebi. ama Tu im xmis sxvadasxva sagalobelSi
gamoyenebulia erTnairi an msgavsi musikaluri frazebi. yovel xmas
aqvs Tavisi standartuli, damaxasiaTebeli, sanimuSo melodiuri
frazebi, romelTa kombinirebiTac igeba bizantiuri sagaloblebi.
Tumca maTi Seqmnis xelovneba rigi melodiuri frazebis ubralod
erTmaneTze meqanikuri mibmiT ar Semoifargleba. musikaluri frazebis
mimdevroba garkveul kanonzomierebebsa da wesebs emyareba da
sagaloblis Seqmna SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. amgvarad, yovel
xmas aqvs Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli melodiuri formulebi, romelTa
gamoyeneba sagaloblebSi aniWebs xmas damaxasiaTebel, gansakuTrebul,
sxva xmebisagan gansxvavebel JReradobasa da gamomsaxvelobas,
gansazRvrulobasa da mdgradobas.
4. melodiuri kadenciebi, anu dasasrulebi (kataleqsisi). kadenciebi
warmoadgens melodiuri formulebis gansakuTrebul saxes. yovel
xmas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli kadenciebi. isini sagaloblis
teqstSi musikaluri punqtuaciis rols asruleben da, garda amisa,
gvexmarebian imis garkvevaSi, Tu romel kiloSi igalobeba esa Tu is
teqsti. kadenciebi oTxi saxisaa:
• nawilobrivi kadenciebi – asrulebs imave rols, rasac mZimeebi
teqstSi. isini musikaluri da teqsturi pasaJis dasasruls
aRniSnaven, amave dros miuTiTeben, rom kidev darCa sagaloblis
nawili. nawilobrivi kadencia SeiZleba kilos nebismier dominantur
notze dabolovdes.
• sruli kadenciebi – aRniSnavs sagaloblis bolo nawilis
damasrulebel musikalur pasaJs da imave rols asrulebs, rasac
wertilebi da wertil-mZimeebi teqstebSi. sruli kadenciebi xSirad
bolovdeba kilos fuZe tonze.
• saboloo kadenciebi – warmoadgens sruli kadenciebis specifikur
saxeobas, romlebic mTliani sagaloblis dasasruls aRniSnavs.
isini Cveulebriv bolovdebian kilos fuZe tonze.
• mokarnaxe kadencia – warmoadgens saboloo kadenciis ufro metyvel
saxes, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc sagaloblis dasrulebisaTvis,
aseve - momdevno asamaRleblis tonis sakarnaxeblad. am saxis
kadenciaSi mgalobeli iWers nel trels sagaloblis ukanasknel
notze. mRvdlisTvis karnaxis mizniT, sagalobeli xandaxan mTavrdeba
im notze, romelic momdevno asamaRleblis fuZe bgeras warmoadgens.
5. intonaciuri formula (intonacia), anu gamRereba (apiqema) – Zvel
droSi gundis xelmZRvanelebi iyenebdnen sanimuSo (standartul)
melodiur frazebs, mravalmarcvlian gamRerebebs. mas “apiqema”
ewodeboda da im mizniT gamoiyeneboda, rom gundisaTvis ekarnaxaT
kilo, romelSic morigi sagalobeli unda Sesrulebuliyo. mogvianebiT
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es musikaluri frazebi damoklda. amJamad xmebis mixedviT gamoiyeneba
apiqemas Semdegi teqstebi (marcvlebi):
� ma� a - ananes (Ananej) ,, b - neanes (Neanej) ,, g - nana (Nana) ,, d - agia ( Agia)� ma� a g ~i - aneanes (Aneanej) ,, b g ~i - nexeanes (Neceanej) ,, g g ~i - aanes (Aanej) ,, d g ~i - neagie (Neagie)
garda am frazebisa, gamoiyeneba mokle melodiuri frazebi, romlebSic
gvxvdeba mxolod marcvali “ne”. amgvarad, Zveli grZeli intonaciuri
formulebis nacvlad amJamad ZiriTadad xmaroben Semoklebul apiqemas
zemoT dasaxelebul marcvlebze, an mokle apiqemas marcval “ne”-ze.
6. emociuri xasiaTi. “rva xmis” gansazRvrasa da dadgenas aqvs erTi
metad mniSvnelovani mxarec, romelic dakavSirebulia xmebis emociur
xasiaTTan. rogorc iTqva, sazogadod, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
RvTismsaxurebas cikluroba da ritmuloba axasiaTebs. xmaTa
monacvleobiT, maTi emociuri xasiaTis cvlilebiT da mravalferovnebiT
xdeba mlocveli sulis koncentracia, mlocvelis yuradRebis mokreba
sityvaze, sagalobelTa teqstebze, romlebSic mocemulia
marTlmadideblobis mTeli dogmatika, eklesiis swavleba, RvTis,
RvTismSoblisa da wmindanTa sadideblebi, mravali ganmarteba, didaqtika
da a.S. wm. ioane damaskelis mier xmebisa da kiloebis, melodiuri
formulebisa da sxva musikaluri elementebis SerCeva ise moxda,
rom melodia metad esadageba sagaloblis teqsts, gamoxatavs mis
locviT Sinaars. yovelive es mlocvels exmareba sinanulis,
Semusvrilebis, RvTis moSiSebisa da RvTismosaobis gancdaSi, aseve
RvTis sidiadis, RmerTTan, RvTismSobelTan da sxva wmindanebTan
urTierTobis sixarulis aRZvrasa da sworad warmarTvaSi. xmebSi,
maT teqstur-musikalur erTobliobaSi, asaxulia adamianuri gancdisa
da grZnobebis (emociis) sruli speqtri: sinanulis, mwuxarebis, glovis,
sixarulis, dResaswaulisa da aRmatebuli sazeimo ganwyobis mTeli
gama da palitra; amasTan, TiToeuli xma sxva xmebisagan misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli emociuri xasiaTiTa da intonaciuri SeferilobiT
gansxvavdeba. xmebis aRwera-daxasiaTebisas, maTi teqstur-musikaluri
Sinaarsidan, maTi musikaluri filosofiidan, saxasiaTo melodiebidan
da sxva musikaluri elementebidan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva mkvlevari
gansxvavebul sityvebsa da epiTetebs iyenebs, magram yvela maTgani
aRniSnavs musikaluri xmis, misi melodiebis emociuri xazisa da
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xasiaTis srul Sesabamisobas sityvasTan, sagaloblis teqstis
SinaarsTan.
7. sxva elementebi. sxva elementebis dasaxasiaTeblad dagvWirdeba
zogierTi ganmarteba, romelic mocemulia am Tavis bolos, damatebaSi
(ix. damateba). aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom:
• xmebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia iseTi musikaluri xasiaTis elementebi,
rogoricaa gadaxris muxlebi, sawyisi, Sualeduri da damamTavrebeli
muxlebis sawyisi da damamTavrebeli bgerebi, musikaluri sistemebi;
• xmebisTvis aseve damaxasaTebelia isonis moZraobis wesebi.
xma, rogorc musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi forma, savsebiT iZleva
melodiis Seqmnis, komponirebis saSualebas, im daSvebiT, rom daculi
iqneba pirobebi bgeraTrigis diapazonis mimarT, xmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
bgeraTa monacvleobis mimarT, aseve, ZiriTadi, gabatonebuli da
damasrulebeli bgerebis mimarT. meore mxriv, am wesebiT xdeba tipuri
melodiuri saqcevebis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa, maT saxeTa,
gamomsaxvelobis mudmivoba, rac ganmtkicebulia maTi mravaljeradi
gameorebiTa da gamoyenebiT. Sedegad iqmneba cneba xmis Sesaxeb, rogorc
cnobili da mudmivi melodiis, ufro zustad – melodiaTa damoukidebeli
sistemis Sesaxeb, romelic xasiaTdeba hangebis, melodiuri formulebis
gansazRvruli fondiT da sagaloblis melodiaSi maTi organizebis -
komponirebis kanonzomierebebiT. es principebi da kanonzomierebebi,
zemoT moyvanil musikalur elementebTan erTad, “rvaxmaTas” galobas
aniWeben saxeobis (gvaris, ti pis) mdgradobasa da mudmivobas,
mowesrigebulobas, TviT xasiaTis erTobas, aseve aaxlovebs mas cnobil
nimuSTan da idealTan – zeciur galobasTan.
“rvaxmaTas”, rogorc musikalur-samgaloblo sistemisa da saeklesio
galobis ZiriTadi kanonis, mTavari daniSnulebaa, daicvas galoba
TviTnebobisagan, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Seuferebeli bgeraTrigis
an sasimRero saxeobis arCevaSi, aseve iseTi melodiebis SeqmnaSi, romlebic
eklesiaSi dadgenil galobas ar miesadageba; da sazogadod – daicvas
igi nebismieri Semoqmedebisagan, romelic kanonikuri galobis
kriteriumebTan SeuTavsebelia.
2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi
2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi
sagaloblebis umravlesoba, romlebic gvxvdeba saekleso-samgaloblo
wignebSi4, Sinagani struqturis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba ganvixiloT
Semdegnairad: isini ramdenime damoukidebel nawilad iyofian, romelTac
muxlebi ewodebaT. yovel muxls aqvs Tavisi dasrulebuli musikaluri
4 rogoricaa paraklitoni, Tveni, marxvani, zatiki da sxva.
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Sinaarsi da organul kavSirSia winamorbed da momdevno muxlebTan.
muxlebis met-naklebi damoukideblobis miuxedavad, isini erTmaneTTan
ideur-musikalur da kompoziciur kavSirSi arian da erT mTlianobas
qmnian, radgan erT sagalobelSi ikribebian.
sagalobeli Sedgeba sami saxis muxlisagan: sawyisi, Sualeduri da
damamTavrebeli. sagaloblis galoba sawyisi muxliT iwyeba da
damamTavrebeli muxliT mTavrdeba. Sualeduri muxlebi SeiZleba ramdenime
iyos da maTi raodenoba sagaloblis sididezea damokidebuli. zogjer
xdeba, rom “msgavsis” teqstis zoma gansxvavebulia im saTviTxmovnos
teqstis zomisagan, romlis melodiazec igalobeba msgavsi. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, msgavsis teqstze melodiis morgeba - mokleba an damateba
- Sualeduri muxlebis xarjze xdeba. magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom
Sualeduri muxlebis Tanmimdevroba da maTi gameoreba an mokleba-
damateba garkveul kanonzomierebebsa da wesebs emyareba.
2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi
evropul sistemebTan Sedarebisas unda gvaxsovdes, rom
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri galobis musikaluri faqtura
yovelTvis ar eqvemdebareba oqtavuri sistemis kanonebs, rac
damaxasiaTebelia evropuli maJoruli da minoruli gamebisaTvis. es
Tavisebureba evropuli musikisagan bizantiuri galobis erT-erTi
ganmasxvavebeli niSania. melodiebis struqtura zogierT xmaSi
gansxvavebul musikalur sistemebs emyareba. sazogadod saeklesio
(kanonikur) xmebSi melodiebis ganviTareba oTxi sxvadasxva sistemiT
xdeba: oqtaqorduli, pentaqorduli, tetraqorduli da triqorduli
sistemebiT.
am sistemebis Sesaxeb saubari Semdegi Tavis bolos gveqneba.
2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi
bizantiuri sagalobeli sxvadasxva hangebisagan5 Sedgeba, romlebic
erTmaneTs ebmian da hangTa bmulebs qmnian. xSirad es hangebi -
gansakuTrebiT dasdeblis tipis (stiqarul) da gamSvenebul (papadikur)
sagaloblebSi – sxvadasxva xmasa da sxvadasxva kilos ganekuTvnebian.
amgvarad, sagaloblis hangTa bmulis Semadgeneli nawilebi SeiZleba
iyos erTi da imave an gansxvavebuli xmis, kilos da/an fuZe-tonis
mqone melodiebi. isini, rogorc wesi, monaTesave, musikalurad
dakavSirebul melodiebs warmoadgenen, romlebic sagaloblis saxiT
5 rusulSi am TvalsazrisiT gamoiyeneba termini “íàïåâ”, romelic zogjer kilos
mniSvnelobiTac gvxvdeba magaliTad sadagi kilo da a.S.
93
qmnian hangTa bmuls. am SemTxvevaSi sagaloblis Semadgeneli muxlebi
SeiZleba sxvadasxva xmasa da kilos ganekuTvnebodes. am movlenas
sxvagvarad gadaxrasac uwodeben, xolo muxlebs – gadaxris muxlebs.
sagaloblis sawyis xmas ZiriTadi xma ewodeba, xolo sxva xmebs,
romlebSic melodia gadadis ganviTarebisas, damxmare xmebi ewodebaT.
rogorc wesi, gadaxrisas sagaloblis melodia ZiriTadi xmidan damxmare
xmaSi (an xmebSi) gadadis da Semdeg kvlav ZiriTad xmas ubrundeba.
Tu bma xdeba erTi da imave xmis, an sxvadasxva xmis, magram erTi da
imave kilos hangebs Soris, romelTac gansxvavebuli FfuZe tonebi aqvT,
maSin aseT bmas ubralod gadaxras vuwodebT. xolo, Tu bma xdeba im
xmebis hangebs Soris, romelTac gansxvavebuli kiloebi aqvT, maSin
aseTi bma modulaciur gadaxras warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi gadaxris
muxlebs modulaciuri gadaxris muxlebi ewodeb aT .
bmuli xmebis ZiriTad tonebs Soris SeiZleba gansxvavebuli
Tanafardobebi arsebobdes: tonikuri (anu emTxveodnen erTmaneTs), erT,
or, sam da oTxsafexuriani daSorebebi.
gadaxris muxlebi melodiis gamSvenebis erT-erT xerxs warmoadgens.
am xerxis gamoyenebiT melodia met emociurobasa da gamomsaxvelobas
iZens. marTalia, gadaxrebi erTi xmis kilodan meore xmis kiloSi
saeklesio sagalobelTa SemoqmedebaSi miRebuli xerxia, magram unda
gvaxsovdes, rom misi gamoyeneba zomierebasa da dadgenil CarCoebSi
moqmedebas moiTxovs. es CarCoebi imisTvis aris gansazRvruli, rom
sagalobelTa Seqmna ar iqces Tavisufali da miuRebeli musikaluri
formebis Semoqmedebad. amitom saeklesio galobaSi yoveli xmisTvis
dadgenilia gadaxris muxlebis ramdenime saxeoba, rac xmas
gamokveTilobasa da gansazRvrulobas aniWebs.
2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)
rogorc iTqva, bizantiuri galoba Tavisi bunebiT aris erTxmiani
galoba, anu misi mTavari elementia melodia, melodiuri xazi. melodiuri
xazis garda, bizantiur galobaSi damkvidrda izokratima, romelic
erTi an ramdenime mgaloblis mier bgeris daWeras niSnavs. mas isonsac
uwodeben (ισον - Tanabari) da SemoklebiT – kratimasac. Cven samive
termins gamoviyenebT, radgan isini sinonimebia.
gadmocemis Tanaxmad isonma axali aRTqmis eklesiasSi daviT mefis
ebani Secvala, anu igi Tanmxlebis funqcias asrulebs, iseve rogorc
ebani daviT mefsalmunis xelSi. axali aRTqmis eklesiaSi daSvebuli
ar aris instrumentebis gamoyeneba, radgan qristes eklesiaSi musika,
galobis saxiT, mxolod sulier arsebaTa mier sruldeba. isonis
gaCenas da damkvidrebas samgaloblo praqtikSi ar Seucvlia bizantiuri
94
galobis buneba – erTxmianoba, radgan isons damxmare funqcia aqvs, igi
mxolod aZlierebs melodiis gamomsaxvelobas da msmenelis aRqmadobas.
misi moZraoba maqsimalurad SezRudulia – ZiriTadad tonikas aJRerebs
– da saeklesio galobaSi ar Semoaqvs harmoniuli elementi.
isoni, rogorc galobis Semadgeneli nawili, gvxdeba ukve Soreul
warsulSi, araugvianes X saukunisa, xolo zogierTi versiiT igi merve
saukuneSi damaskelis rva xmasTan erTad dakanonda6. mociqulTa 26-e
kanonis Tanaxmad, xdeboda mgalobelTa xeldasxma da mgalobelTa xarisxSi
ayvana. isonis dakanonebis Semdeg ki izokratebisaTvis - isonis
damWerTaTvis sagangebo xelis dadeba SemoiRes.
isonis aRniSvnis tradicia ar Cans arc xelnawerebSi, arc nabeWd
samgaloblo wignebSi, radgan izokratebi kargad erkveodnen da
acnobierebdnen misi moZraobis kanonzomierebas. yovlad dauSvebelia
isonis mimarT Tavisufali damokidebuleba, misi zedmeti mimosvla da
melodiis harmonizebis mcdeloba. bizantiur galobaSi isonis moZraobas
yoveli xmisTvis aqvs Tavisi, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dadgenil-
ganmtkicebuli kanonebi da misi gadaadgileba mxolod kanonis farglebSia
dasaSvebi.
isonis gamravalferovnebis survili ewinaaRmdegeba mis mistikur
daniSnulebas - gamoxatos locvis WvretiTi arsi. is unda iyos naklebad
moZravi. isonis Tavisufal monacvleobas, jer erTi, bizantiuri
galobisaTvis ucxo elementebi Semoaqvs, da garda amisa, sagaloblis
Sinagan wyobasac arRvevs. isonis daniSnulebaa, xeli Seuwyos melodiis
swor aRqmas, xazi gausvas galobis kilos struqturas da mdgradoba
misces bgerebis tonalur simaRleebs, anu mkafio gamomsaxveloba mianiWos
melodias da msmenelisaTvis metad da zustad aRqmadi gaxados. isoni
SeiZleba igalobebodes sityvebiT an romelime xmovnis gabmiT. im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac isoni sityvebiT igalobeba (magaliTad, irmologiur
da sxva swraf sagaloblebSi), aucilebelia, isonis artikulacia
absoluturad Seerwyas melodiis Semsruleblis xmis artikulacias,
misdevdes mis dinamikur plastikas da ar arRvevdes galobis ritmul
struqturasa da temps. Zlispiris saxis galobisagan gansxvavebiT,
papadikuri da, nawilobriv, dasdeblis saxis galobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia isonis gabmiT galoba, izokratis mier romelime xmovani
bgeris daWera.
qvemoT mocemulia izokratimas xuTi ZiriTadi tipi:
• mdgradi (stabiluri) isoni - rodesac izokrats sagaloblis
kilos fuZe toni uWiravs da misgan ar gadadis im SesaZlo SemTxvevis
6 “Ïðèãëàñÿíåòî (isoni, a.u.) âîäè íà÷àëîòî ñè îò äúëáîêà äðåâíîñò, íî òî áèëî îôîðìåíîè óçàêîíåíî çàåäíî ñ Äàìàñêèíîâîòî îñìîãëàñèå êúì îñìîòî ñòîëåòèå ”, Ïåòúð Äèíåâ,“Îáøèðåí Âúçêðåñíèê”, Ñîôèÿ 2000, ñ.44
95
garda, roca is sagaloblis kadenciebSi uerTdeba melodiur xazs.
xSirad xdeba izokratimas dublireba oqtaviT qveviT.
• • • • • izokratima tetraqordis fuZe tonze – izokratimas ufro
gavrcelebuli forma: izokrats uWiravs tetraqordis fuZe toni
da rodesac melodia kilos erTi tetraqordidan gadadis meoreze,
isic gadadis meore tetraqordis fuZe tonze da mxars uWers
melodiur xazs.
• moZravi isoni dominantur tonebze – izokratimas ufro moZravi
forma. igi dgas mimdevrobiTi melodiuri frazebis dominantur
tonebze maTi mxardaWeris mizniT. Cveulebriv, yoveli melodiuri
frazis mxardaWera xdeba im dominanturi notiT, romelzec misi
kadencia Cerdeba.
• Sedgenili izokratima – im tradiciis garda, romelic melodias
erTi tonis daWeriT ubams mxars, arsebobs meore, aseve Zveli tradicia
Sedgenili izokratimisa, romelic fuZe tonisa da romelime
dominanturi tonis erTdroulad daWeriT sruldeba.
• naxevradharmoniuli izokratima. zogierTi lotbari, melodiis
harmoniuli gamSvenebis mizniT, Tavisuflad moZrav izokratimas iyenebs,
romelic sxvadasxva notze gadadis. aseTi fsevdo-harmoniuli efeqti
namdvil bizantiur galobaSi miRebuli ar aris da ar unda gamoviyenoT.
rac Seexeba Tavad isonis Sesrulebis praqtikas, igi umravles
SemTxvevaSi xmis gamis an tetraqordis tonikas emTxveva. warmoadgens
ra melodiis qveda wertils, isonis moZraoba friad SezRudulia.
umravles SemTxvevaSi igi uZravia da melodiis sayrdenad gvevlineba.
isonis moZraoba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia melodiis zeda mimarTulebiT
ganviTarebasTan, rodesac melodia gadadis zeda tatraqordSi an ufro
zeviT da gamis gabatonebuli bgerebis (subdominantas an dominantas)
gavlenis sferoSi eqceva. misi moZraoba aseve ukavSirdeba melodiur
gadaxrebs, rodesac kilo da tonika icvleba. kerZod, qveda mimarTulebiT
melodiis ganviTarebis dros, rodesac melodia Cadis fuZe tons qvemoT,
xSiria isonisa da melodiis unisonuri moZraoba. gadaxrebis SemTxvevaSi,
rogorc wesi, melodia kvlav xmis ZiriTad tonalobas ubrundeba da,
Sesabamisad, isonic ZiriTad tonikas ubrundeba. sxva sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, isoni gamis fuZe tonsa da melodias Soris amyarebs kavSirs.
wesebi, romlis mixedviTac isonis mimosvla xdeba, Semdegia:
1. rodesac melodia gamis ZiriTadi tonis farglebSi moZraobs,
maSin isons uWiravs tonika.
2. rodesac melodia IV safexuris gavlenis sferoSi gadadis,
maSin isoni subdominantaze gadadis.
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3. rodesac melodia V safexuris gavlenis sferoSi gadadis an
pentaqorduli sistemis zeda tetraqordSi viTardeba, maSin
isoni dominantaSi gadadis.
mravali xmis kiloSi, gansakuTrebiT I da V diatonur xmebSi,
isonis sakiTxTan erTad aseve mniSvnelovania “zo”-s dadablebis sakiTxi.
moqmedebs Semdegi zogadi wesi (Tumca, SesaZloa, gvqondes gamonaklisebi):
1. rodesac melodia ganviTarebisas aRwevs zo-s da ukan brundeba,
maSin zo dabldeba.
2. rodesac melodia zeda ni-s aRwevs da ukan brundeba, zo maSinac
dabldeba7.
3. rodesac melodia zeda pa-s aRwevs an ufro zeviT gadadis, anu
melodia ise viTardeba, rogorc pentaqorduli sistemis gamoyenebis
dros, maSin zo ar dabldeba.
am sakiTxTan isonis mimarTebas Semdegi kanonzomiereba axasiaTebs:
1. rodesac isoni dgas tonikaze diatonur xmebSi (mag. I an V) da
melodia “zo”-s aRmavali an daRmavali mimarTulebiT gaivlis,
maSin “zo”, rogorc wesi, dadablebulia.
2. rodesac isoni subdominantaSi gadadis da melodia mis mimarT
ganviTarebisas gaivlis “zo”-s, maSin misi amaRleba-dadablebis
sakiTxi damokidebulia kilos intervalebze, anu zeda
tetraqordis an pentaqordis intervalebze da imaze, Tu rogori
sistemiTaa agebuli sagalobeli.
3. rodesac isoni gadadis V safexurze, dominantaze, maSin arc
erT diatonuri xmis kiloSi “zo” ar dabldeba.
2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,xmis hangi erTi an ramdenime musikaluri
figurisagan Sedgeba, romelTac striqonebs an muxlebs vuwodebT. Tu
xmis hangi ramdenime muxls Seicavs, maSin isini sawyis, Sua da damasrulebel
muxlebad iyofian. sawyisi muxli, rogorc wesi, mxolod sagaloblis
dasawyisSi gamoiyeneba. Tu igi ganmeorebiT gamoiyeneba sagaloblis
teqstis gagalobebisaTvis, maSin mas mivakuTvnebT Sualedur muxlebs.
sagalobels SeiZleba ramdenime Sualeduri muxli hqondes. sagaloblis
teqstis gagalobebisaTvis isini SeiZleba ganmeorebiT gamoviyenoT erTxel
an ramdenimejer. am dros SesaZlebelia, Sualedurma muxlma ganicados
garkveuli wesiT mciredi cvlileba, ris Sedegadac am muxlis “varianti”
miiReba. damasrulebeli muxli mxolod sagaloblis dasrulebisaTvis
gamoiyeneba.
7 gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi aRmavali mimarTulebiT “zo” Cveulebrivia, xolo daRmavali
mimarTulebiT – dadablebuli.
97
xmis hangebi, rogorc wesi, ramdenime muxlisagan Sedgeba. es muxlebi,
maTi musikalur-bgeriTi masis Zalisa da daZabulobis mixedviT, SedarebiT
Zlier da SedarebiT sust muxlebad iyofa. aseT muxlebs Soris
imgvari Tanafardobaa, rom sagaloblis melodiaSi bgera xan Zlierdeba,
xan sustdeba: Zlier muxls susti muxli mosdevs da piriqiT.
aseve yoveli muxlis Semadgeneli bgerebi Zlier da sust bgerebad
iyofa. Zliers warmoadgens is bgera, romelzec musikaluri an teqsturi
maxvili modis, sustebs ki – naklebad gamomsaxvelobiTi Zalis mqone
musikalur-teqsturi bgerebi. muxlebSi Zlieri da susti bgerebi
erTmaneTTan monacvleoben - Zlier bgeras susti mosdevs da piriqiT.
Sesabamisad, melodiis ritmuli Tvlac Zlieri da susti Tvlebis
monacvleobis mimdevrobas warmoadgens. Tu gvaqvs ori susti bgera
erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT, maSin isini, rogorc wesi, erT ritmul TvlaSi
aiReba, amasTan sust TvlaSi.
rogorc wesi, swored sust bgerebze xdeba muxlis zomis gagrZeleba
- es susti bgerisaTvis imave simaRlis da, teqstidan gamomdinare,
saWiro raodenobis bgerebis damatebiT xorcieldeba, rac xSirad
reCitativis saxesac iRebs. amasTan, unda vecadoT, rom damatebiTi
marcvlebi ramdenime sust bgeraze gadavanawiloT, raTa grZeli da
musikaluri qargidan amovardnili reCitativebi ar miviRoT. im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac teqsti moklea, musikaluri fraza ki – grZeli, da ar gvinda,
rom sagloblis silaburTan miaxloebuli forma dairRves, muxlis
musikaluri zomis Semcirebas vaxdenT. esec, ZiriTadad, erTi da imave
simaRlis susti bgeris mimdevrobidan ramdenime (saWiro raodenobis)
bgeris moklebiT miiRweva.
sagaloblis muxli SeiZleba iwyebodes rogorc Zlieri, aseve susti
bgeriT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu muxli Zlieri bgeriT iwyeba, xolo teqsti
– susti marcvliT, maSin muxlis pirvel Zlier bgeras win uswrebs
wanamReri, anu imave simaRlisa da saWiro raodenobis susti bgerebi.
rig SemTxvevaSi xdeba muxlis zomis ara Semcireba, aramed teqstis
romelime marcvlis gamRereba, anu am marcvlisaTvis ramdenime musikaluri
bgeris SeTanadeba (gamonaklisis saxiT – TviT silaburi tipis
sagaloblebSic). es imisTvis keTdeba, raTa bgerebis damateba-moklebis
zemoT moyvanil wesTan erTad mivaRwioT melodiisa da teqstis Zlieri
da susti marcvlebisa da bgerebis, aRmavali da daRmavali xazebis
erTmaneTTan SeTanadebas.
radgan sagaloblis melodia teqstTan erTad igalobeba, amitom
misi ritmika da tempi mniSvnelovnad ganisazRvreba am teqstiT. amave
mizeziT, sagaloblis rigi bgerebis grZlivoba yovelTvis zustad ar
sruldeba, - zogjer grZeldeba, zogjer ki mokldeba, imis da mixedviT,
Tu romel sityvasa da marcvals Seesabameba es bgerebi. Zlier maxvilian
98
marcvalze bgera SeiZleba ramdenadme gagrZeldes, xolo Tu bgera edeba
sust maxvilian marcvals an warmoadgens motivis sust bgeras, igi
SeiZleba Semokldes. magaliTad, warmoTqmiT (reCitatul) nawilSi
bgerebi maT grZlivobebTan SedarebiT ufro swrafad igalobeba. amgvarad,
sagaloblis melodiis bgerebi grZel da mokle bgerebad iyofa.
teqstis gagalobebisaTvis muxlis variantis misaRebad ZiriTad
saSualebebs zemoT moyvanili wesebi warmoadgenen, romelTa praqtikuli
ganxorcieleba garkveul gamocdilebasa da SemoqmedebiT midgomas
saWiroebs. unda vecadoT, rom maTi gamoyenebiT musikaluri frazebis
dinamika teqstis faqturam ar daarRvios, musikisa da teqstis aRmavali
da daRmavali emociuri xazebi erTmaneTs Seesabamebodes, musikaluri
da teqstur-intonaciuri maxvilebi erTmaneTs ar scildebodes, Zlier
da sust musikalur bgerebs Sesabamisi eqspresiis teqsturi marcvlebi
edebodes. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes mTavari principi: kanonikuri melodia
rac SeiZleba ucvlelad unda SevinarCunoT. sagaloblis melodiis
Tanxvedra sityvasTan ritmul zomaSi da tempSi, sazogadod, melodiis
yovelmxrivi Serwyma teqstTan imdenad sruli da Rrma unda iyos, rom
xmis melodiebi sityva-melodiebad unda aRiqmebodes, xolo galoba
warmoadgendes ara imdenad sakuTriv melodias, ramdenadac melodiaSi
gardamaval metyvelebas.
Tavi IVTavi IVTavi IVTavi IVTavi IV
bizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciis
sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)
w minda bizantiuri galoba - rogori tkbilia igi! suls moalbobs da amSvidebs. swori saeklesio galoba Sinagani sulieri mdgomareobis gareT amoxeTqvaa. es RvTaebrivi mxiarulebaa! anu qriste guls amxiarulebs da adamiani guliTad mxiarulebaSi RmerTs esaubreba. Tu mgalobeli Tanamonawileobs imaSi, rasac galobs, maSin, am sityvis dadebiTi mniSvnelobiT, igi Tavadac icvleba da isinic icvlebian, vinc mas usmenen. beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli)
131
Tavi VTavi VTavi VTavi VTavi V
rvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTas kanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebi
s
aeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeuli sagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmis CaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuli locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls. erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobeli saeklesio
tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmaze ar sruldeba, is mxolod simReraa da aragaloba (locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli adamianismSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvneba.
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisliturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1
Tavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VI
wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba
da Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedeba
d
amaskelamde TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari tipikoni hqonda, xolo wminda ioane damaskelisSemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba
giorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosi
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Tavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VI
wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba
mravali TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT amave wignSi
mogveTavsebina masala wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis
Sesaxeb. masala amokrebilia sxvadasxva wyarodan, maT Soris, wignidan
- “wmidanTa cxovreba” wm. ioane rostovelis redaqciiT; georgios i.
papadopulosis wignidan1, Tavi: ioane damaskeli – RmrT. bizantiuri
musikis momwesrigebeli da ganmaaxlebeli; wignidan – Î ÖÅÐÊÎÂÍÎÌÏÅÍÈÈ, Ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé, “Ëîäüÿ”, Ì. 2001, da sxva wyaroebidan. saeklesio galobis raoba wm. saeklesio gadmocemis sferos
ganekuTvneba. wm. gadmocema gansazRvravs swavlebas saeklesio galobis
Sesaxeb. wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba warmoadgens am
wm. gadmocemis Semadgenel nawils da yvela marTlmadidebelma, metadre
maT, vinc Tavs uflebas aZlevs, azri gamoTqvas da isaubros galobis
Temaze, unda icodes igi. wm. saeklesio gadmocema, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
sruliad naTlad da mkafiod gvaswavlis, rom wm. ioane damaskelis
mier seklesio galoba qristes eklesiaSi dadgenil iqna yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da suliwmidis daxmarebiT, da meored
mosvlamde iqneba; rom saRvTismsaxuri wignebSi miTiTebulia ioane
damaskelis, kosma maiumelis, anatolis, Teodore studielis, pavle
amorevelis, mitrofane smirnelis, konstantine porfirosanis, leon
brZenisa da sxva bizantiur sagalobelTa Semoqmedi eklesiis wminda
mamebisa da kompozitorebis mier damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnili
sagaloblebi; rom es saRvTismsaxuro wignebi erTia yvela adgilobriv
eklesiaSi da isini adastureben qristes eklesiis kanonikur erTianobas.
saeklesio galobis istoriis is periodi, romlis drosac bizantiuri
galoba iqca qristes eklesiis kanonikur galobad, mniSvnelovanwilad
dakavSirebulia wm. saba ganwmendilis monasterSi eklesiis udidesi
mamis, wm. ioane damaskelis moRvaweobasTan, romlis samgaloblo
1 qristes didi eklesiis didi protektikosi da konstantinepolis eklesiis musikaluri
skolis direqtori georgios i. papadopulosi, “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis
istoriuli mimoxilva (mociqulTa xanidan Cvens dromde (1-1900 ax.w)”, gamomc.
“tertios”, katerini, 1-li gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w., Sua saukuneebis saeklesio musika
(700-1453), periodi me-3, ioane damaskeli – RvT. bizantiuri musikis momwesrigebeli
da ganmaaxlebeli.
wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba
165
Semoqmedeba warimarTa yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da
suliwmidis STagonebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom wm. ioane damaskelTan da wm.
kosma maiumelTan erTad sabawmindis monasterSi moRvaweobdnen sxva,
maT Soris, qarTveli mamebic, romelTa krebsiTi Rvawlisa da Semoqmedebis
Sedegad warmodga RvTivkurTxeuli, erTiani eklesiis kanonikuri galoba,
bizantiurad wodebuli. swored wm. saba ganwmendilis monasterSi wm.
ioane damaskelis, wm. kosma maiumelisa da sxva wminda mamaTa moRvaweobis
gvirgvins warmoadgens marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tipikonis Seqmna
da damkvidreba, tipikonisa, romelic dRemde moqmedebs saqarTvelos
adgilobriv eklesiaSi da romlis organul da ganuyofel nawilsac
Seadgens bizantiuri galoba. umTavresad amis gamo bizantiur galobas
ewoda kanonikuri saeklesio galoba. i. papadopulosi zemoT
dasaxelebul wignSi aRniSnavs: “aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom
damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebma
mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomac
marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. saba
ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli ti pikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni22222,,,,, romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs
ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca
saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul
adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari
tititititi pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiT
damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”.
wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba33333
‘igi igalobebs sulier, zeciur hangebs da
mibaZavs qerubimTa galobas~~~~~
«. . . “ioane damaskeli daibada asureTis dedaqalaq damaskoSi
daaxloebiT 680 wels. im droisaTvis asureTi daipyres arabma beduinebma,
romlebmac qristianebi ise Seaviwroves, rom Svilebis monaTvlasac ki
ukrZalavdnen. agarianelTa dros ioanes mamas maRali Tanamdeboba ekava
da farulad exmareboda qristianebs. ufalma iseve daicva igi, rogorc
iosebi egviptelebTan da danieli - babilonelebTan. mSoblebma farulad
monaTles vaJi da ioane daarqves, rac ebraulad RvTis wyalobas niSnavs.
ioanes mamam Svili da, masTn erTad, naSvilebi oboli, saxelad kosma,
warmoSobiT ierusalimeli, aRsazrdelad miabara agarianelTa tyveobidan
2 wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac xmarebaSia.
3 masala amokrefilia wignebidan: “wmidanTa cxovreba” wm. dimitri rostovelis
redaqciiT (Targmani gadmoRebulia wignidan “ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi”,
Tbilisi, 2001w); b) “cxoreba� wmidisa ioane damaskelisa” Targmani efrem mcirisa
(ZvelqarTuli teqsti);
166
gamosyidul italiel bers kosmas, romelic friad ganswavluli iyo
rogorc saRvTismetyvelo da saero mecnierebebSi, aseve musikis
xelovnebasa da galobaSi. aRsazrdelebi saocrad bejiTni aRmoCndnen.
SemdgomSi ioanem da kosmam wm. sabas lavraSi daasrules srulyofa.
mogvianebiT kosma palestinaSi maiumis episkoposad daadgines.
berad aRkvecamde damaskoSi ioanes sakmaod didi Tanamdeboba ekava.
am dros saberZneTSi mefobda xatmebrZoli lev isavrieli, romelmac
arnaxuli devna gamoucxada qristianobas. ioane Tavis nacnob berZen
qristianebs am saSineli eresis sawinaaRmdego epistoleebs ugzavnida,
riTac maT gansacdelis Jams aZlierebda. ganrisxebulma da mzakvarma
berZenma mefem amis gamo cbierebiT daarwmuna agarianelTa mTavari,
ioane SeTqmulebas giwyobs da dasajeo. ganrisxebulma arabma mTvarma
marjvena xeli mohkveTa udanaSaulo ioanes. da ai, aRsrulda saswauli:
tkivilebisagan gulSeRonebulma ioanem mokveTili marjvena aiRo, Tavis
salocav oTxSi Sevida, mokveTili nawili saxsarTan miido,
RmrTismSoblis xatis win daemxo da Svela sTxova. locvisas mas
CaeZina da qalwuli mariami ixila, romelmac xeli ganukurna.
gamoRviZebulma ioanem naxa, rom mokveTili nawili ise Sezrdoda saxsars,
mokveTis adgilze mxolod wvrili wiTeli zoliRa darCeniliyo.
sixaruliT aRvsili ioane Tavis saxleulTan erTad mTeli Rame
samadlobel galobas aRuvlenda ufals. maSin iSva axali galoba, romelic
SemdgomSi pirvel xmas daedo safuZvlad: “marjvena� Seni, uZleveli
RuTivSuenieri~. `samxelinad~ wodebuli RvTismSoblis es
saswaulmoqmedi xati aTonis mTaze serbTa monasterSi inaxeba. im
naWers ki, romelSic gaxveuli iyo misi
mokv eTili xeli , yovladwmida
RmrTismSoblis didebuli saswaulis
aRsaniSnavad wm. ioane mouxsnelad
Tavsaburavad atarebda.
wm. sabas lavraSi sulierma moZRvarma,
morCilebisaTvis, ioane damaskels yvelanairi
saRvTismetyvelo werilebisa da wignebis
wera aukrZala.
“romelsa igi Semdgomad mciredTa dReTa
CuenebiT gamouCnda wmida� RmrTismSobeli
da etyoda: ra ra ra ra ra�����sa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyaro�����
da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .
. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic
ukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisa44444, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic
swyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritels55555.....
4 igulisxmeba moses saswauli5 anu suliwmidis madli
167
nu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyaros dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da
mTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTa
zRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalni
am wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje ar
gaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofel
iiiiioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moi povon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmide
saqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTis
fsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa da
mariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiT
orfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSi
mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .
igi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTa
galobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesias66666 qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze
damkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristes
sikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavs
da eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvams
sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.
“zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia�����
da RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisa����� da sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTa
sasasasasa�����senebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTa
da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa �����matkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmuneni
gananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadod
saSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlani
TTTTT�����sni. vinasni. vinasni. vinasni. vinasni. vina�����ca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, ra�����ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,
rameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmida����� suli itysuli itysuli itysuli itysuli ity�����s eniTs eniTs eniTs eniTs eniT
misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.
“““““moZRvarma gaTenebisTanave dauZaxa ioanes da uTxra: `qristes`qristes`qristes`qristes`qristes
morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,
bageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic Sen
gulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmi
TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,
aramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anu
msoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake ara
haerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebic
suliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa da
RmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan Seni
TavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zeda
eklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRle
xma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxeb
6 igulisxmeba qristianuli eklesia
168
RmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi Cemi
uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.
“esreT gani�sna ra� dumilisagan misis yovladbrZeni ioane, viTarca
ganbrZnobili saRmrToTa Sina, da ebrZan sityuad da swavlad berisa
mis mier, iwyo gamoTqumad galobebsa aRdgomisas da saufloTa
sResaswaulTasa da ganawyo dasdeblebi stiqaronTa�”.
“im dRidan moyolebuli, netarma ioanem daiwyo saRvTismsaxuro
wignebis wera da masze keTilxmovani galobis gawyoba. man Seadgina
`rvaxmaTa~, romelic rogorc sulieri stviri, dRemde axarebs RmrTis
eklesias. Tavisi pirveli wigni ioanem daiwyo Semdegi sityvebiT: ̀ marjvena�
Seni, uZleveli RuTivSuenieri~. es aris `rvaxmaTas~ pirveli xmis
pirveli Zlispiri. "rvaxmaTas~ dakanonebam Secvala da ganaaxla saeklesio
RmrTismsaxurebis wesi7.
wm. ioane damaskelis sicocxleSive rva xmaTa mTelma aRmosavleTis
eklesiam miiRo, cota xnis Semdeg ki dasavleTis eklesiaSic gavrcelda.
saeklesio galobas "rvaxmaTam~ gansazRvruloba da erTgvarovneba
mianiWa, riTac im droisaTvis gabatonebul mouwyoblobas daudo zRvari.
mravalferovani melodiebidan man eklesiuri galobisaTvis upiratesad
isini airCia, romelnic qristianTaTvis sakadris grZnobebs gamoxataven,
xolo is melodiebi, romlebic vnebebs aRagzneben, ganagdo. igi Semoifargla
rva xmiT, raTa mlocvelebi ar garTuliyvnen melodiebis xSiri
cvalebadobiT; TiToeuli xma gansazRvrul da amasTanave Rirseul
grZnobas aRZravda.
hangis8 gansazRvrulobam TviTneburad SeTxzul, natif, gafantul,
araRmrTissaTno xelovnebas bolo mouRo; xolo ubraloebam, ramac
Tavmdabali qristianuli locvis ubrloeba gamoxata, suli locvisaTvis
ganawyo, gamoiyvana igi amaoebaze fiqrebidan, TiTqosda uflis saydramde
aRamaRla. rva xma amave dros zeciuri ierarqiis rvaxmovanebaze miuTiTebs,
ase adideben ufals RmrTismSobeli, angelozebi, winaswarmetyvelebi,
mociqulebi, mRvdelmTavrebi, mowameni, Rirsni da marTalni. "rvaxmaTas~
galoba RmrTis taxtis winaSe maradiulad mozeime wmidanebis
daudumebel sulier da saidumlo galobas mianiSnebs” . . .»
7 rodesac ioane damaskelma sabawmidis monasterSi daiwyo samgaloblo-musikaluri
Semoqmedeba, igi daaxloebiT 60 wlis iyo. man Seqmna wminda paseqis saucxoo
msaxureba, dawera 64 kanoni, uamravi dasdebeli da rogorc gvirgvini Tavisi Semoqmedebisa
- paraklitoni (“rva xmaTa” anu oqtoiqosi).
8 íàïåâ
169
« damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedeba99999
wm. ioane damaskelis Semoqmedeba 5 nawilisagan Sedgeba – wminda
filosofiuri, anu dialeqtikuri, hermenevtikuli (ganmartebiTi), anu
kritikuli, saRvTismetyvelo, poeturi da samgaloblo, anu musikaluri.
RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma musikosma,
mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivi saxis fsalmodia10
da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da kanonizacias. man Seadgina rvaxmaTa
(oqtoiqosi, igive paraklitoni – a.u.) rva xmis mixedviT. es xmebi
nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovani saxeobis
melodiebiT10, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg Tavisi SinaarsiT
ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs. Rirsi mama win aRudga
ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel, boboqar melodiebs, romlebic
iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs, mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da
datova iseTi melodiebi, romlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa
da sinanuls. man ubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa,
romelic Sedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan da TiToeul nawils
saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli.
wm. ioane damaskelma am melodiebis Casawerad Seadgina kaviseburi
niSnebi. marTalia, isini msgavsi iyo maTi winamorbedi niSnebisa, romlebic
sami saukuniT adre arsebobdnen, magram RvTiurma melodosma mniSvnelovnad
gardaqmna da Seaswora grafikuli masala; damaskeliseuli simboloebi
emsgavseboda Zvel egviptur ieroglifebs: xSirad erTi niSani aRniSnavda
erT bgerasac, mraval bgerasac da mTel melodiasac11.
musikis TeoriaSi gawafulma da daxelovnebulma Semoqmedma SeamCnia,
rom melodiebis Seswavla Semoifargleboda mxolod praqtikiT, xolo
9 wignidan georgios i. papadopulosi “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis
istoriuli mimoxilva (mociqulTa xanidan Cvens dromde (1-1900 ax.w)”,
gamomc. “tertios”, katerini, 1-li gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w., ibeWdeba SemoklebiT.
zogierT sakiTxTan da terminTan dakavSirebiT sqolioSi movaTavseT Cveneuli
ganmartebebi da komentarebi.10 fsalmodia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, fsalmunTgalobas niSnavs. pirvel saukuneebSi
ZiriTadad fsalmunebs galobdnen. amitom fsalmodia galobis sinonimad damkvidrda.
Tavis mxriv, Zveli berZnuli musika, misi kiloebi da melodiebi, nasazrdoebia sxva
xalxebis kilo-melodiebiT: dorielebis, frigielebis, lidielebisa da sxv. aseve,
bizantiuri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi monawileobdnen bizantiis imperiis sivrceSi
moqceuli da mis gareT myofi xalxebi: sirielebi, arabebi, ebraelebi, qarTvelebi,
somxebi da sxva.11 damaskelis dros da Semdgom periodSic sagaloblis Caweria emyareboda, erTi mxriv,
musikalur notacias, meore mxriv ki - zepir gadmocemasa da eklesiis cocxal
praqtikas. sagalobelTa ufro zustad Caweris mizniT, notaciis sistema ramdenjerme
Seicvala. Tanamedrove sistema iZleva melodiis unatifesi niuansebis aRwerisa da
gadmocemis saSualebas.
170
Teoriuli nawili da xmebis urTierTkavSiri ugulebelyofili iyo.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rvaxmaTa emsgavseboda xalxis sametyvelo enas,
romelsac ar gaaCnda Tavisi gramatika. damaskelma pirvelma moawesriga
oqtoiqia (rvaxmovaneba) da Seqmna RvTiuri musikis Teoria12.
SemdgomSi musikis Teoriaze
mecnieruli naSromebi sxvebmac daweres:
manuel vrieniosma, ioane kukurmasma –
plusidelma mRvdelma, magistrma ioane
kukuzelma, ioane kladasma, manuel
qrisafisma, dimitri kantemirisma, tinosis
mTavarepiskoposma kirilem, basili
stefanidisma-bizantielma, qrizanTosma -
doraqsis mitropolitma, hormozios
qartofilakma, Teodore fokaelma,
margaritis davrielma, giorgi lesboselma, panagiotis aRaTokleosma,
kvirike filoqsenisma - efesiomagniselma da sxvebma. aseve, 1881 w.
gamoqveynda sapatriarqos musikaluri kolegiis mier Sedgenili
Teoretikoni.
wm. ioane damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebis
upirvelesi nayofia rvaxmaTa, romelic moicavs mTel qristianul
dogmatur swavlebas. karlos didis gankargulebiT sayovelTao
sargeblobisaTvis igi damaskelis sicocxleSive gadaeca aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis yvela eklesias. rvaxmaTas mravalferovani sagaloblebi
Setanilia mxolod SabaTis mwuxrisa da kviris ciskaris gangebaSi,
romelic saukuneebis manZilze Seivso sxva SemoqmedTa nawarmoebebiT.
“aRmosavlurad” (anatolikurad) wodebuli dasdeblebi ganekuTvneba
damaskelis kvalad aRzevebul studiel bers – anatolis, stiqaronis
dasdeblebi - pavle amorevels, evergetidels, samebis kanoni (SuaRamianis)
– mitrofane smirnels, aRsavlebi - Teodore studiels, TerTmeti
saciskro geri – leon brZens, TerTmeti ganmanaTlebeli – konstantine
porfirosans.
RvTaebrivma Semoqmedma, rvaxmaTas kanonebis garda, dawera
keTilriTmuli wyobiT gamorCeuli kanoni paseqis dResaswaulisaTvis
- “aRdgomisa dRe ars, gavbrwyindebodeT aw erno”, romlis teqsti
grigol RvTismetyvelis mier aRdgomisTvis Tqmuli saxotbo sityvis
12 Cvenamde moaRwia uZvelesma kiTxva-pasuxebis momcvelma pergamentma da xbos tyavze
dawerilma musikis gramatikam, anu kanonma, Zvel berZenTa cnebebisa da kanonebis
teqstma, romelic Seexeba rva xmaTa dayofas, ZiriTadisagan gverdiTi xmebis warmoebas
da Zvel berZnul musikaSi maT SesabamisTa warmoebas. saTaurad aweria: “sagaloblis
xelovnebis – sxeulTa da sulTa da yovelTa xelqmnilTa aRmavlobisa da daRmavlobis
wesi”. varaudoben, rom isini Tavad wm. ioane damaslels ekuTvnis. aseve zogierTi
mkvlevari damaskelsave miakuTvnebs Teoriul fragments saTauriT “agiopoliti”.
171
mixedviT aris Seqmnili. es kanoni kozma melodosma13 rom moismina -
romelmac imave paseqs meore xmis kanoni miuZRvna, - marTebulad gaocda
da SesZaxa: “Sen ki, Zmao ioane, mTeli samyaro moicavi da gareT
aRaraferi datove. amitom damarcxebuli vaRiareb – dae, Sens kanons
ergos pirveloba da jildo da igalobebodes qristes eklesiaSi
sajarod, xolo Cemi darCes migdebuli bnel kuTxeSi, rogorc araRirsi
sinaTlis xilvisa, radganac dawerilia sevdisa da tirilis momgvrel
xmaze, romelic ar Seefereba brwyinvale da sayovelTaod sasixarulo
aRdgomis dRes14”.
garda paseqis kanonisa, wm. ioane damaskelma Seadgina umTavresi
dResaswaulebis 60 sagalobeli kanoni15, romlebic aseve riTmuladaa
gawyobili wm. grigol RvTismetyvelis da sxva wm. mamaTa sadResaswaulo
sityvebze. svida xazs usvams damaskelisa da kosma melodosis kanonTa
did mniSvnelobas da ambobs: “xolo ioanesa da kosmas sagalobeli
kanonebi Seudarebelia da Cveni cxovrebis manZilze badali ar eyoleba”.
RvTaebrivi ioanes kanonebidan gamovyofT iamburi trimetriT16 daweril
sam kanons: qristesSobis – “saswauliTa ixsna”, naTlisRebis – “zRuisa
RelvaTa” da sulTmofenobis – “saRmrToman nislman”, romlebic grigol
nazianzelis Txzulebebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili. es wm. mama orive
melodosis STagonebis wyaro iyo. garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia anbanurad
gawyobili xarebis kanoni – “aRaRe piri Cemi” da amave kanonis meoTxe
galobisaTvis Seqmnili ori Zlispiri: “ganzraxva� saidumlo� “ da
“ieso mjdomare”. aseve – RvTismSoblis miZinebis kanoni – “moiswrafeT
qalwulno”, amaRlebis – “mxsnelsa Cuensa”, mirqmis, jvarTamaRlebis,
RvTismSoblis Sobis, winaswarmetyvelTa, mociqulTa, mRvdelmTavarTa,
mowameTa, RirsTa, aRdgomis taZris ganaxlebis (enkeniis), TviTmpyrobel
konstantines winaSe gamoCinebuli jvris dResaswaulis kanonebi da
sxva. xolo RvTaebrivi melodosis sagalobeli kanonebisaTvis daweres
gamokvleva da ganmartebebi zonaram, Teodore protoprodromosma,
grigori pardisma – korinTos episkoposma, evstaTi Tesalonikelma,
markoz efeselma da nikodimos mTawmindelma.
wm. ioanes miekuTvneba aseve Semdegi saeklesio sagaloblebi:
“ufro�sad didebulo kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo, maradis qalwulo”,
13 kosma - maiumis episkoposi, qristes eklesiis udidesi wminda mamaTagani, romlis
sagalobeli -”upatiosnessa qerubimTasa” didad saTno eyo yovladwmida RvTismSobels,
rac piradad ganucxada kidec wm. kosmas.14 didi mamis es kurTxeva pirnaTlad sruldeba: wm. ioane damaskelis paseqis kanoni,
damaskeliseuli RvTiuri melodiiT dResac sruldeba qristes eklesiaSi yvela
adgilobriv enaze, maT Soris – qarTuladac.15 zogierTi avtoris cnobiT, wm. ioane damaskelma dawera 64 kanoni.16 mokle da grZeli marcvlebis samgzisi mimdevroba erT saleqso strofSi,
maxviliT grZel marcvalze.
172
“Sendami ixarebs, mimadlebulo”, “uxrwnelsa xatsa Sensa Tayuanis vscemT”,
“miwyalen Cuen, ufalo”, “ufalo, Segviwyalen Cuen, rameTu Sen gesavT”,
“mowyalebisa kari gangviRe, kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo”, “auracxel
arian simravleni codvaTa CemTani, RvTismSobelo”, “yoveli sasoeba Cemi
Semdami damiZs”, “zecisa mxedrobaTa mTavarangelozno”, agreTve -
troparebi JamnobaTaTvis da paseqis dasdeblebi, 26 samgloviaro
TviTxmovani da dasdeblebi, Seqmnili wminda sabas monasterSi
nugeSiscemisaTvis Tanamonazonisa, romelmac dakarga sayvareli Zma da
amis gamo didi dardiT iyo moculi; aseve - TvenSi “ioane monazonis”
saxeliT cnobili dasdeblebi mirqmisaTvis, jvarTamaRlebisaTvis,
mociqulTa da mowameTaTvis, agreTve – locvebi uxrwnel saidumloTa
ziarebisaTvis. masve ekuTvnis rva didi RaRadvyavi, daujdomelis Sesavali
nawili (ikimatarioni), anu neli “RmerTi ufali” daujdomelisa,
“brZanebuli saidumlo�”, neli “zesTa mbrZolisa” ori gundisaTvis,
“aha esera siZe movals”, “raJams didebulni mowafeni”, pirveli xmis
ganicadeni (ziarebisa) – “ganicadeT da ixileT”, pirvelSewirulis
meeqvse xmis qerubikoni – “aw Zalni” da sxva mravali, qerubikonisa da
ganicadenis msgavsi.
aseTia RvTaebrivi damaskelis SesaniSnavi da brwyinvale Semoqmedeba,
romelic nimuSad gamoiyenes momdevno Taobebis melodosebma17. aqve
davsZendiT imasac, rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma
sagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli.
amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. saba
ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tipikoni18, romelic moicavs ZvelTaganve
kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis
mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul
monasters sakuTari tipikoni hqonda, xolo wm. ioane damaskelis
SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba.»
17 sxvadasxva drois Semoqmedebma (gansakuTrebiT peloponeselma) Seadgines samgaloblo
krebulebi, romlebSic adaptirebuli, rig SemTxvevaSi - gamartivebuli saxiT Sevida
wina periodis sagaloblebi. TviT am SemoqmedTa mier dawerili originaluri
sagaloblebi Seqmnilia damaskeliseuli rvaxmaTas xmebiTa da melodiebiT, anu
damaskeliseuli kanonikis dacviT.18 rogorc aRvniSneT, wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac moqmedebs.
173
Tavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VII
BBBBB TargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebi
g
ava dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev Zvels daubrundebian. ai, Sexede, bizantiur galobaSi rogor ubrundeba yvelaferi Tavis adgils!
beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli)
174
Tavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VII
Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi
beri paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)A
“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”
(SemoklebiT)
gava dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven
eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev Zvels
daubrundebian. xatwerasTan dakavSirebiTac xom igive moxda. iyo dro,
roca bizantiuri xelovneba ar esmodaT. adamianebi taZrebis kedlebidan
xeleCoTi yridnen uZveles freskebs, raTa SeebaTqaSebinaT da Tavidan
moexataT – aRorZinebis stilSi. axla, amdeni
wlis Semdeg, daafases bizantiuri xelovneba.
mravali imaTganic ki, romlebsac mokrZaleba
ara aqvT, isinic ki, romlebsac RmerTi ara
swamT, nel-nela xeleCoTi dazianebul
uZveles freskebs dasavlur stilSi
moxatuli baTqaSisgan aTavisufleben.
zustad aseve, adamianebi nel-nela imis Zebnas
daiwyeben, rasac dRes, rogorc usargeblosa
da zedmets, Tavidan icileben.
Aai, Sexede, bizantiur galobaSi rogor
ubrundeba yvelaferi Tavis adgils! axla
bizantiurad galoba patara bavSvebmac ki
Seiswavles. adre Znelad moiZebneboda iseTi
adamiani, romelmac bizantiuri galoba icoda.
axla ki igi patara bavSvebmac ician da
ufrosebi, amis Semyureni, Cafiqrdebian.
rogori lamazi da tkbili “xveulebi” aqvs bizantiur galobas!
gansakuTrebiT wminda bizantiur nawarmoebebSi. zogni bulbulis galobis
msgavsia, sxvani – moqceuli talRis nazi tylaSunis, mesameni melodias
gansakuTrebul sidiades aniWeben. saerTo jamSi ki RvTaebriv azrs
gadmoscemen da usvamen xazs.
Targmanebi
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wminda bizantiuri galoba – rogori tkbilia igi! suls moalbobs
da amSvidebs. swori saeklesio galoba Sinagani sulieri mdgomareobis
gareT amoxeTqvaa. es RvTaebrivi mxiarulebaa! anu qriste guls
amxiarulebs da adamiani guliTad mxiarulebaSi RmerTs esaubreba. Tu
mgalobeli Tanamonawileobs imaSi, rasac galobs, maSin, am sityvis
dadebiTi mniSvnelobiT, igi Tavadac icvleba da isinic icvlebian, vinc
mas usmenen. mravali wlis win wminda mTaze eridan Camosul erT Zvel
mgalobels Sercxva, roca naxa, rom mTawmindelebi Zveleburad galobdnen.
is gverdiT daiyenes, rom maTTan erTad egaloba, magram igi”xveulebis”
gareSe galobda, radgan ar icoda isini. mTawmindelebma ki es xveulebi
gadmocemiT iswavles. ai Semdgom, am mgalobelmac da zogierTma sxvamac
kefa moifxanes. maT gauCndaT keTili wuxili, daiwyes Zebna, literaturis
kiTxva, Zvel mgalobelTa mosmena, romlebic gadmocemis mixedviT galobdnen.
da amgvarad, am mgalobelma eriskacebmac daiwyes “xveulebiT” galoba.
Turqebmac xom TavianTi musika bizantiidan gadmoiRes, rodesac
mcire aziaSi movidnen. amitom Turquli xalxuri simRerebi
garkveulwilad msmenelis guls xvdeba. xalxSi kidec amboben: “igalobe
Turqulad, ilaparake frangulad, xolo were – berZnulad”. . . zogierTi
berZeni, romelmac ar icis, rom Turquli xalxuri simRerebi bizantiidan
warmoiSvnen, ambobs, TiTqos Cven bizantiuri galoba Turqebidan
gadmoviReT! rodesac Turqebi aziis siRrmeebidan bizantiaSi movidnen,
maT musika da simRera ar hqondaT! maT maSin saerTod araferi gaaCndaT.
maT TavianTi melodiebi bizantiuri saeklesio wesidan aiRes.
- geronda, ratom moswonT kaTolikebs evropuli harmonia?
- ratom? amboben, rom aseTi musika xalxisTvis ufro gasagebia. da Sen
gaxsovs is kaTolike monazvnebi safrangeTSi, “qriste aRdgas” rom
galobdnen da Tan xatTan erTad Tanamedrove cekvas rom cekvavdnen?
aRdgomas dResaswaulobdnen! xati ki Tavad monastris winamZRvars
eWira! yvelaferi cvales, erTi meoreTi Seanacvles da xedav, bolos
sadamde mividnen!
176
wm. egnate brianCaninovis werilebis Targmanis SemoTavazebamde, oriode
sityviT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom ramdenime wlis win saqarTveloSi xatweris
kanonikasTan dakavSirebiT cxare kamaTi mimdinareobda. saukuneebis
manZilze saqarTveloSi (da sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSic) dakarguli
iyo kanonikuri xatweris tradicia, romlis adgili daikava bolo
ori-sami saukunis manZilze ruseTidan Tu pirdapir evropidan Semosulma
e.w. italiurma stilma. sabednierod, xatweris kanonika SenarCunda
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi, romelTa
magaliTiTa da istoriuli memkvidreobis safuZvelze, RvTis SewevniT,
qarTuli eklesia xatweris kanonikisaken Semobrunda.
amJamad saqarTveloSi galobis kanonikasTan dakavSirebiT igive procesi
mimdinareobs. friad niSandoblivia, rom kanonikuri (bizantiuri)
galobisadmi interesi ramdenime adgilobriv eklesiaSi TiTqmis
erTdroulad gaRvivda: ruseTis, serbeTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis, evropis,
amerikisa da sxva adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi. amitom es
movlena kanonzomier movlenad unda miviCnioT. Tumca unda aRiniSnos,
rom sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi bizantiuri galobis Seswavlisa Tu
RvTismsaxurebaSi gamoyenebis procesi umtkivneulod, didi
dapirispirebis gareSe mimdinareobs.
cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom ruseTSi mravalxmianoba dasavleTis
gavleniT damkvidrda, rusul wyaroebSi mravladaa daculi. am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT sainteresoa daviT maCablis mosazreba, romelic man gamoTqva
erT-erT werilSi (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.
maCabeli “ciskari” #5, 1884w.): “yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi
galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli da
italianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravals
erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTa
sagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTa , , , , , moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba ese
emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTis
mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisa
mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igi
italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,
mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTa
unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorc
saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad
(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.
xatwerasa da galobas, xatweris kanonikasa da galobis kanonikas
Soris mravali msgavseba arsebobs. aqedan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT,
177
mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso unda iyos amonaridi (umniSvnelo
SemoklebiT) wm. egnate brianCaninovis im werilebidan, romlebic Seexeba
saeklesio xelovnebis or sferos - xatwerasa da galobas1. aqve davsZenT,
rom ruseTis eklesiam Tavisi daarsebidanve aiTvisa da sakuTar wiaRSi
daamkvidra saeklesio kanonikuri, bizantiuri galoba, romelic ramdenime
saukunis Semdeg e.w. “znamenni raspeviT” Seicvala. igi dRemde igalobeba
ruseTis rig monastrebSi (bizantiurTan erTad), da yvelaze axlos
dgas bizantiur galobasTan Tavisi principebiT, struqturiTa da
melodiebiT, Tumca ramdenadme gansxvavdeba misgan. wminda mama sakiTxs
ganixilavs ara kanonikurobis TvalsazrisiT, aramed saeklesio xelovnebis
arsobrivi bunebisa da sulierebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom yvela Sefaseba
da daskvna, rac man gaakeTa SemoTavazebul werilebSi, SegviZlia marTebulad
miviCnioT saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobasTan mimarTebaSic.
wm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninovi
ganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis Sesaxeb
(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)
yvela rusma Seigno, rom italiuri xatebi ar SeiZleba iyos wminda
xatebi. da mainc, italiuri ferwera - ruseTis evropul yaidaze gardaqmnis
droidan moyolebuli - TiTqmis yvela rusul marTlmadideblur taZarSi
Sevida. es ferwera acdunebs “raskolniks”, xolo WeSmarit
marTlmadidebels amwuxrebs: is aris dasavleli rvafexa
marTlmadideblur taZarze. ris mixedviT xatavdnen italieli fermwerni
uwmides dedaTa gamosaxulebebs? TavianTi sayvarlebis naturis mixedviT.
rafaelis madonebi udaxvewiles avxorcobas gamoxataven. cnobilia,
rom rafaeli ugaryvnilesi adamiani iyo: surda, gamoesaxa ideali, romelic
yvelaze Zlierad imoqmedebda masze da xSirad funjs xelidan agdebda
da iswrafoda, raTa mis winaSe mdgar menature qals Caxveoda. sxva
fermwrebi, romelTa niWi ufro uxeSi iyo, vidre rafaelisa, TavianTi
warmosaxviT ufro aSkarad gamosaxavdnen xatebze vnebas; xolo zogierTni
gamosaxavdnen ara mxolod vnebas, aramed urcxvobasa da uwesobasc.
zogierTi wminda mamis xati qalis naturis mixedviTaa dawerili,
rogorc, magaliTad, dominikenes mier dawerili ioane RvTismetyvelis
cnobili gamosaxuleba. zogierTi wamebulis xati italielma avxorcma
1 Ñâò. Èãíàòèé, åï. Êàâêàçñêèé: “Ïîíÿòèå î åðåñè è ðàñêîëå”, Âûäåðæêè î ïåâ÷åñêîìèñêóññòâå è èêîíîïèñè, Ïðàâîñëàâíûé õðèñòèàíèí ¹¹5, 6, 7.
178
ferwerebma TavianTi Tanagaryvnili megobari kacis2 garegnobis mixedviT
daweres, maT mier uwesod gatarebuli Ramisa Tu Rameebis Semdeg,
rodesac aseTi qceva asaxuli iyo maT daqancul saxeebze. italiur
tiloebze, romlebic dawerilia dasavleli eretikosebis mier da
gamosaxaven wminda sagnebs - yvela moZraoba, yvela poza, yvela
gamometyveleba grZnobismieri da vnebiania, moCvenebiTi da Teatraluria;
maTSi araferia wminda, sulieri; asec Cans - fermwerebi arian metad
xorcieli adamianebi, romelTac mciredi warmodgenac ki ara aqvT sulieri
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, am mdgomareobis aranairi gancda ar aqvT da
amitom savsebiT ar ZaluZT, ferweriT gamosaxon sulieri adamiani. maT
warmodgena ara aqvT, Tu rogor ganlagdeba locvaSi CaRrmavebuli
wminda mamis saxis nakvTebi, rogor mdgomareobas iReben misi Tvalebi,
tuCebi, xelebi, mTeli misi sxeuli; amitom isini sakuTar umecar
warmosaxvaSi Txzavdnen TavianT Tavisufal, umecar ocnebas, Semdeg am
ocnebis Sesatyvisad ayenebdnen menature qalsa Tu kacs, da maTi
SesaniSnavi funjebi gamosaxavdnen tiloze srul uazrobas, - iseTsaves,
rogoric iqneboda umWevrmetyvelesi oratoris sityva, rom aeZulebinaT,
misTvis sruliad ucnob saganze elaparaka.
rusuli akademiis aRzrdilebma ganaTleba dasavluri nimuSebis
Sesabamisad miiRes da taZrebi gaavses xatebiT, romlebic savsebiT ar
arian Rirsni, xatebad iwodebodnen. es xatebi, romelTa winaSec dabla
eSveba ubiwo mzera, taZrebSi rom ar yofiliyvnen, aravin ifiqrebda, rom
maT xatebis Rirseba miewerebodaT. mravlismnaxveli da didi
gamocdilebis mqone eriskaci ver warmoidgens, Tu rogor zemoqmedeben
qalwulebriv bunebaze aseTi gamosaxulebebi. erTi beri, romelic
amaRlebuli beruli cxovrebiT
udabnoSi cxovrobda, garkveuli
garemoebebis gamo iZulebuli gaxda,
peterburgSi Casuliyo. igi erT
saRamos sulieri saubrebisaTvis
bebruxuna qalbatonma miiwvia. am dros
bebruxunas gogonebi imosebodnen, raTa
mejlisze gamgzavrebuliyvnen .
Semosilebi, ufro sworad, Tanamedrove modis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad
zomaze gaSiSvlebulebi, isini dedikosTan mividnen, raTa xelze ambor-
eyoT da etlSi Camsxdariyvnen. beri, romelsac cxovrebaSi ar exila
dasavluri wesdebis mixedviT eresisa da warmarTobis rigzed
gaSiSvlebulebi qaliSvilebi, didad SeSfoTda. is irwmuneboda, rom
mis mier nanaxi sacduris mere ukve aRar iyo saWiro, sacduneblad
Tavad eSmaki gamocxadeboda. maS ra iqneba, aseTma umanko Tvalebma
2 dRes rom “boi-frendebs” uwodeben (a.u.)
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msgavsi gamosaxuleba xatze rom ixilon, gamosaxuleba, romelic aRanTebs
ara locvas, aramed yvelaze uwmindur vnebebs.
is, rom italiuri saxis ferwera ar Seefereba xatweras, amJamad
ukve saCino da aRiarebulia. magram,
samwuxarod, Tanamedrove moda miidrika sxva
ukiduresobisaken – Zveli rusuli
xatweris mibaZvisaken, romelsac Tan axlavs
mibaZvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela Secdoma,
maT Soris mibaZvisas uaxles gamogonebaTa
sxvadasxva Seusabamobebis gamoyeneba da
misadageba. aq aris cdunebisaTvis axali
mizezi. aseTi xatis win ver cdundeba
“raskolniki”, romelsac ar SeuZlia
araswori naxati sworisagan gaarCios; mis winaSe cdundeba uaxlesi
progresis qarafSuta naSieri. es naSieri xedavs xatze gamosaxulebis
simaxinjes da cdundeba, icinis, mkrexelobs. zedapiruli ganaTleba mas
saSualebas ar aZlevs, gaarCios wminda da RvTiuri ganweseba im
mravalferovani nagvisagan, romelic eklesiaSi sxvadasxva dros Semodioda
adamianuri uZlurebis, SezRudulobis, codvilobisa gamo, dro-Jamis
suliskveTebis Sesabamisad. uaxlesi progresis es naSieri, saR azrs
moklebuli, xedavs adamianis sisustis gamo eklesiaSi Setanil mankierebas
da imwamsve iwyebs meryeobas eklesiisadmi ndobaSi, iwyebs mis gankiTxvas,
iqceva misTvis ucxod. ramdenadac mavnea “raskolnikebis” cduneba,
imdenadve mavnea Tanamedrove Taobis cduneba.
Cvens droSi ferweris xelovnebam srulyofilebis maRal xarisxs
miaRwia. fermwers, romelsac surs RvTis taZris Rirsi da qristianebis
dammoZRvravi xati daweros, amisaTvis umetesi saSualebebi aqvs, vidre
odesme, magram is aucileblad Zalze RvTismosavad unda cxovrobdes,
raTa sulieri mdgomareobebi gamocdilebiT Seimecnos; gansakuTrebiT
unda icnobdes RvTismosavTa xatebs, raTa maT saxeebze dainaxos is
Rrma simSvide, Cumi, ciuri sixarulis is anabeWdi, is bavSvuri ubraloeba,
romelic am saxeebze gulmodgine locvisa da sxva RvTivsaTno saqmianobis
Sedegad gamoisaxeba. dae, daakvirdes igi maT bunebriv moZraobas, -
araferi SeTxzuli, araviTari gamogonilis ar arsebobs maTSi. xatisaTvis
naxatis siswore aucilebelia. amasTan wmindanebi unda gamoisaxos
wmindanebrivad, iseTebad, rogorebic isini iyvnen: ubraloebi, mSvidebi,
mxiarulebi, morCilebi: iseT SesamoselSi, rogoriTac isini imosebodnen;
yvelaze Tavmdabal moZraobebSi da mdgomareobebSi, savseni mowiwebiT,
safuZvlianobiT, RvTismoSiSebiT.Y
wmindanis gamosaxulebisaTvis ucxo unda iyos daxvewili poza,
moZraoba, saxis aRfrTovanebuli gamometyveleba, - romanuli,
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sentimentaluri, Ria piriT, ukan gadagdebuli TaviT an mkveTrad zeviT
mimarTuli TvalebiT. es ukanaskneli poza, romelsac Cveulebriv
locviTi mdgomareobis gamosaxatavad mimarTaven, ikrZaleba wminda mamebis
mier locvisas. aseve ar unda gamoisaxos wminda dedebi da qalwulebi
dabla daxrili TvalebiT: qalwuli maSin iwyebs Tvalebis dabla
daxras, rodesac mas codvis SegrZneba ewveva; Tavisi umankoebisas igi
pirdapir iyureba.
aseve, mravali iwyebs imis Segnebas, rom italiuri galoba
marTlmadideblur RvTismsaxurebas ar Seefereba. igi dasavleTidan
dagvatyda Tavs da ramdenime aTeuli wlis winaT gansakuTrebulad iyo
miRebuli. liturgia Seicvala koncertiT, romelic operas mogvagonebs.
eriskaci, romelic micemulia garTobebsa da mxiarulobebs, ar cvifrdeba
am umsgavsoebiT ise Zlierad, rogorc RvTismosavi adamiani, romelic
eweva seriozul cxovrebas, romelic bevrs msjelobs Tavis gadarCenaze
da qristianobaze, rogorc cxonebis saSualebaze; romelsac guliT
surs, rom es saSualeba SeinarCunos mTeli Tavisi siwmidiTa da ZaliT,
rogorc umniSvnelovanesi ganZi, rogorc memkvidreoba, misTvis yvelaze
Zvirfasi, Svilebisa da SviliSvilebisaTvis. unda vicodeT, rom ruseTSi
Zalian bevri adamiani cxovrobs mZime cxovrebiT - isini viTarebaTa
gamo arian iZulebuli, icxovron ase. gamarTobeli, mxiaruli, Tanamedrove
progresis sferoSi cxovrebiT mxolod mcireodenT Tu SeuZliaT
icxovron, vinaidan aseTi cxovrebisaTvis saWiroa sakmao odenobis
materialuri saSualebebi. mxiarulebaSi myofni ar unda msjelobdnen
sxva adamianebze TavianTi magaliTiT, rogorc amas isini xSirad sCadian.
imisaTvis, rom erTi mxiarulobdes, xSirad aTasni da aTasni mZimed
unda Sromobdenen, unda Rvridnen mware cremlebsa da sisxlian ofls.
rogor SeiZleba am aTasebis grZnobebi iseTive iyos, rogoric momxiarule
erTeulebisa?
rogorc saxareba gvaswavlis, dacemuli adamianis xvedri miwaze
tanjva da godebaa; da es dacemuli da daRupuli adamiani RvTis
taZarSi modis, raTa RvTis winaSe swored Tavisi damwuxrebuli grZnobebi
gadmoRvaros, aRiaros Tavisi gaWirvebuli mdgomareoba. locvaTa umetesoba,
romelic ikiTxeba eklesiaSi, gamoxatavs daRupulis vedrebas
SewyalebisaTvis, gadmoscems kacobriobis daRupvis Sesaxeb mraval niSans,
moicavs, sazogadod, adamianis dacemis aRsarebasa da dacemis kerZo
magaliTebs. isini drodadro gadadian RvTis didebaze, gamomxsnelis
Semweobisa da gamoxsnis sasixarulo qebaze; magram es sadideblebi da
es qebani tyveebis mier warmoiTqmeba, romlebic jurRmulSi arian
Cayrilni, romlebmac ganTavisuflebisa aRTqma miiRes, magram Tavad jer
ar ganTavisuflebulan. Cveni gadarCenis imediT gamowveuli sixaruli
uciloblad SeerTebulia CvenSi codvili monobis samwuxaro SegnebasTan.
181
wminda mamebi Cvens sulier SegrZnebebs savsebiT samarTlianad
uwodeben “sevdian-sasixarulos”. es SegrZnebebi mTeli sisavsiT “znamenni
raspeviT” gadmoicema, romelic zogierT monasterSi jer kidev
SenarCunebulia4. “znamenni raspevi” hgavs Zvel xatebs. misi yuradRebiT
mosmena iseTive grZnobiTYgavsebs, rogoriTac Zveli xatis daJinebuli
cqera, romelic romelime wminda kacis mier aris dawerili. Rrma
RvTismosaobis grZnobas, romliTac ganmsWvalulia hangi, suli mowiwebisa
da lmobierbisaken mihyavs. xelovnebis ukmarisoba TvalnaTelia, magram
sulieri Rirsebebis winaSe is qreba. qristiani, romelic
Tavis cxovrebas tanjvaSi atarebs, romelic gamudmebiT
ebrZvis sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul siZneleebs, gaigonebs
ra “znamenni raspevs”, Tavis sulier mdgomareobasTan
imwasve TanxmobaSi modis. am harmonias is ukve ver
poulobs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Tanamedrove
galobaSi. karis galoba, romelic eklesiaSi amJamad
sayovelTaod gamoiyeneba, uCveulod civia, usicocxlo,
rogorRac qarafSutuli, sulswrafi! Tanamedrove
kompozitorebis qmnilebebi gamoxataven maTi sulis
ganwyobilebas - dasavleTis ganwyobilebas - miwiers,
mSvinviers, vnebians an civs; maTTvis ucxoa sulieri
SegrZnebebi. zogierTebma SeamCnies, rom galobis dasavluri
elementi SeuZlebelia marTlmadidebeli eklesiis suls
SeuTanxmdes, maT samarTlianad miiCniaT bortianskis
cnobili qmnilebebi tkbilvnebianad da romanulad da moindomes
saqmisTvis eSvelaT: “znamenni raspevi” kontrapunqtis yvela wesis
dacviT oTx xmaSi gadaitanes. daakmayofila Tu ara maTma Sromam
eklesiis moTxovnebi, misi sulis moTxovnebi? Cven valdebulni varT
uaryofiTad vupasuxoT. “znamenni raspevi” isea dawerili, rom unda
igalobebodes erT xmaSi da ara partesulad, imisda miuxedavad, ramdeni
mgalobelic ar unda galobdes – erTi Tu meti. es galoba xelSeuxebeli
unda darCes: misi partesulSi gadatana ueWvelad mis damaxinjebas
gamoiwvevs. aseTi daskvna uciloblad sawyisi mizezidan gamomdinareobs:
is TviT gamocdilebiT marTldeba. miuxedavad gadatanis sisworisa,
paseqis kanonma Tavisi sazeimo sixarulis xasiaTi dakarga da sevdiani
gaxda: es ukve aRar aris qristes aRdgomiT adamianTa modgmis gamoxsnis
gamo gamowveuli aRfrTovaneba; es aris tirili saflavsa zeda. aseTi
xasiaTis cvlileba, Tumca ara imdenad sagrZnobi, “znamenni raspevisa”
da sxva yvela Zveli saeklesio sagaloblebis gamravalxmovnebaSi SeimCneva.
4 niSandoblivia, rom am monastrebSi “znameni raspevTan” erTad bizantiursac galoben
slavurad (a.u)
182
am saqmis mkeTeblebma zogierT maTganSi Seitanes TavianTi sakuTari
xasiaTi, riTac savsebiT gaanadgures saeklesio xasiaTi: maTSi ismis
samxedro musika, rogorc, magaliTad, sagalobelSi “akurTxevs suli
Cemi ufalsa”. ratom aris ase? imitom, rom gadatanas samxedro piri
xelmZRvanelobda, saero adamiani, romlis gemovneba antisaeklesio musikis
mixedviT Camoyalibda, da romelmac uneblied da bunebrivad Seitana
Tavisi elementi wmida saeklesio “znamenni raspevSi”.
“znamenni raspevi” xelSeuxebeli unda darCes: musikaTmcodneTa mier
misma warumatebelma gamravalxmovnebam es WeSmariteba udavod daamtkica.
nebismieri amgvari mcdelobisas misi xasiaTi uciloblad icvleba.
Zveleburi xati, Tundac rom xeluxeblad darCes naxati, axali
saRebavebiT ar unda gadaiRebos: es aris misi damaxinjeba. verc erTi
keTilgonieri adamiani, romelmac brwyinvaled icis ucxo enebi, ver
gabedavs maTematikuri wignebis Targmnas, Tu maTematika ar icis. ratom
ar unda misdion saeklesio galobaSi aseTsave keTilgonierebas im
musikaTmcodneebma, romlebic moklebulni arian eklesis makurTxevel
suls, romelic adamians RvTismosavi cxovrebisaTvis RmrTisagan eZleva.
es aris ara romelime kerZo pirovnebis mosazreba, aramed
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavleba. suliwmidisagan gveuwya, rom
RvTaebrivi sagalobeli SeuZlebelia igalobebodes “queyanasa ucxosa”
(fs. 136, 4). am galobisTvis uunaroa ara mxolod wuTisoflis Svili,
aramed is RvTismosavi qristianic, romelic vnebebis monobisagan ar
aris ganTavisuflebuli, romlis gulic jer ar aris Tavisufali da,
codvas damonebuli, jer am galobas ekuTvnis. am galobisaTvis aseve
uunaroa is, vinc qristianuli Rvawlis asparezze gamosuli, mTel
dRes WmunviT atarebs, anu jer kidev Tavisi codvis WvretaSia da,
masze motirals, jer kidev ar ugrZvnia sixarulis Sinagani xma, romelic
ismis wmindanTa sulier samkvidrebelSi. vis SeuZlia igalobos saRmrTo
sagalobeli? vis sulSi SeiZleba daibados igi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis imedad da sixarulad?
183
gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. andreas fiTrakisi, “Cveni saeklesio poezia. misi ZiriTadi
fazebi”, aTenis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo fakultetis
yovelwliuri samecniero biuleteni #11, 1955-1956 w.
2. giorgi mTawmindelis anderZebi, jer 98, jer 110.3. giorgi papadopulosi, “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis
istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa droidan Cvens dromde”, 1-li
gamocema, aTeni, 1904w.
4. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, “qarTuli proza”, wigni I.
5. dekanozi Teimuraz CaCibaia – saeklesioo wesi antifonuri
galobisaTvis, Tbilisi 2000 w.
6. d. maCabeli, “qarTvelTa zneobani”, galoba. XIX s-is I nax.
“ciskari” #5, 1864 w.
7. elene metreveli – Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani, Tbilisi, 1971
w.
8. episkoposi dionisios l. fsarianosi, “bizantiuri musika berZnul
marTlmadidebel ekelsiaSi”, aTeni, 1960 w.
9. ivane javaxiSvili, qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi,
Tbilisi, 1938 w.
10. i. tabaRua, saq. evr. arq. da wignsac.
11. konstantine kavarnosi – bizantiuri sasuliero musika,
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tradiciuli musika, misi arsi,
daniSnuleba da Sesruleba.
12. k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, t I, 1960.
13. p. v. pasxosi, “wm. ioane damaskelis dogmaturi
RvTismSoblisanebi”, aTenis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo
fakultetis yovelwliuri samecniero biuleteni #26, 1984 w.
14. À. Íèêîëüñêè - Êðàòêèé î÷åðê èñòîðèè öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ â ïåðèîäI-X âåêîâ, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ.27.
15. Âèçàíòèÿ è Âîñòî÷íàÿ Åâðîïà, Ëèòóðãè÷åñêèå è ìóçèêàëüíûåñâÿçè, Ãèìíîëîãèÿ, âûï. 4, Ì. 2003ã.
16. Â.È. Ìàðòûíîâ, Îïðåäåëåíèå ïîíÿòèÿ “Äðåâíåðóññêîåáîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèå”.
gamoyenebuli literatura
184
17.Åïèñêîï Íèêîäèì Ìèëàø - Òîëêîâàíèå 75-ãî ïðàâèëà VI–ãîÂñåëåíñêîãî Ñîáîðà, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ. 82.
18.È. Ãàðäíåð - Ïñàëìîäèà, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé),“ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñþ 143
19.È. Ãàðäíåð – Õîðîâîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå è “òåàòðàëüíîñòü” â åãîèñïîëíåíèè, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ. 92.
20. “Èñòîðèÿ ðóññêîãî öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ” http://www.mediaterra.ru.21. Ê.Ñ. Êåêåëèäçå, Ãðóçèíñêàÿ âåðñèÿ àðàáñêîãî Æèòèÿ ñâ. Èîàííà
Äàìàñêèíà: Õðèñòèàíñêèé Âîñòîê, ò. III, âûï. II, 1914.22. Ê.Ðîçåíøèëüä, Èñòîðèÿ çàðóáåæíîé ìóçûêè, âûï. I , Ì. 1978 ã..23. Ìîíàõèíÿ Îëüãà – Ìóçèêàëüíàÿ Êóëüòóðà Âèçàíòèè, Ñðåòåíñêèé
ìîíàñòèðü, “Íîâàÿ êíèãà”, 1998 ã.24. Ï. Èîñåëèàíè, Äðåâíîñòè ã. Òáèëèñè.25. Ïðåîáðàæåíñêèé À. È.: Èçú ïåðâûõú ëåòú ïàðòåñíàãî ïåíèÿ â
Ìîñêâå. «ÌÑ», 1915, ¹3.26. Ïðîòîèåðåé Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâ – “Çíàìåííûé ðàñïåâ . . . “, 1995 ã.
1) Àíòèöåðêîâíûå ñî÷èíåíèÿ (íåáîãîñëóæåáíûå). Íàðîäíî-ïåñåííûå è èíîñëàâíûå ìåëîäèè.
2) Íàðîäíî-ðåëèãèîçíûå ìåëîäèè áîãîñëóæåáíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé èàíòèöåðêîâíàÿ ñóùíîñò ýòèõ ìåëîäèé.
3) Ñâåòñêàÿ è ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ìóçûêà. Îáøåðåëèãèîçíàÿ è öåðêîâíàÿìóçûêàþ Ïðîòåñòàíòñëàÿ è ñåêòàíòñêàÿ ìóçûêà.
4) Âòîðæåíèå ãðåõîâíîãî ìèðà âî âíóòðåííþþ Æèçíü öåðêâè –ïåðâîïðè÷èíà íåñòðîåíèé â öåðêîâíîì ïåíèè.
27.Ïðîòîèåðåé È. Âîçíåñåíñêèé «Î âûñîêîì äîñòîèíñòâå èáëàãîòâîðíîì âëèÿíèè íà ëþäåé öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ», Êèåâ, 1897 ã.
28.Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â. «Áîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèå Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Ãðåêî-Ðîññèñêîé Öåðêâè», Ì. 1886.
29.Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âú Ðîññèè, 1867 ã.30.Ñâÿòèòåëü Èîàíí Çëàòîóñò, Äëÿ ÷åãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïåíèå, Î
Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã.31. Ñâÿù. Âàëåðèé Ëóêèàíîâ – Äóõîâíàÿ êà÷åñòâåííîñòü îáùåñòâåííîé
ìîëèòâè, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ”2001 ã.
32.“Òåîðèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ”, http://www.mediaterra.ru,33.ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÍÀ ËÈÒÓÐÃÈß, ñúñòàâèë Ìèíàñèé ï. Òîäîðîâ,
ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ.34.ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìèíàñèé
ï. Òîäîðîâ, ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ ÈÇÄÀÒÅËÑÒÂÎ, ÑÎÔÈÀ – 1992 ã.
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35.Öåðêîâíî-Ïåâ÷åñêè Ñáîðíèê, ÷àñò ïúðâà – Êðàòúê îñìîãëàñíèê, ÏåòúðÄèíåâ, Ñîôèÿ 1999 ã.
36.Öåðêîâíî-Ïåâ÷åñêè Ñáîðíèê - Îáøèðåí Âúçêðåñòíèê, ñ ïîëèåëåè,âåëè÷àíèÿ, êàòàâàñèè è ïîäîáíè, îò Ïåòúð Äèíåâ, Ñîôèÿ 2000 ã.
37.Antwniou E. Alugizakh Dr.Q, Qemata Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj,Qessalonikh 1991.
38.Qeodwrou Fwkaewj – Krhpij tou qewrhtikou Praktikou thjEkklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, en Aqhnaij, 1902.
39.Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Qewrhtiko, Buzantinhj EkklhsiastikhjMousikhj.
40.Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Melwdikej askhseij, BuzantinhjEkklhsiastikhj Mousikhj.
41.Mpoukoubalaj Iwannhj - Susthmatikh Tacurruqmh MeqodojEkklhsiastikhj Buz. Mousikhj, EKDOSEIS “”TO IEROANALOGIO””.
42.Byzantine Music, The modal structure of the 11 Eothina Anastassima ascribed tothe Empreror Leo (+912), A musicological studi by Dr. Solomon J. Hadjisolomos,The Holy Monastery of Kykko, Nicosia-Cyprus 1986.
43.Gregorios Th. Stathis, An Analisis of the Sticheron, Studies in stern Chant, GeneralEditors Egon Wellesz and Milos Velimirovic.
44.David J. Melling, Reading Psalmodia, Part I, Part II, Part III;45.Eerwin Koschmieder, “ Die altesten Novgoroder Hirmologien-Fragmente”, Zweite
Lieferung, Munchen, 1955.46.Intonation formulas and signatures in Byzantine musical MSS, Copenhagen, 1966.47.M. Velimirovic, “Byzantine Elements in Earli Slavic Chant: The Hirmologion, v.
IV, Copenhagen, 1960.48.P. Peeters, Le trefonds oriental de I’hagiographie byzantine, Bruxells, 1950.49.Thibaut J. B., “La musique bizantine . . .”, Tribune de St. –Gervais, Paris,
1904, maj-juin.
186
s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:
avtoris Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tavi I. raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT
1. “galoba� warTqves” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4. rva xmaTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5. mexeleni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. ruseTis eklesiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. “gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,
mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni
friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10. tipikoniT Tu utipikonod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
12. ori stiqiis erTianoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad wodebul
saswaulmoqmed xats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
14. niSnad ukvdavebisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Tavi II. saeklesio galoba: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,
saxeebi, formebi, tipikonTan Sesabamisoba
1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2. “rvaxmaTa” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi, Sesrulebis xerxebi . . 47
4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli sagaloblebi . . . 47
4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . 48
4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.1.5. mcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic
liturgiuli moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian . . . . . . . . . 49
4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da
locviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebi . . . 50
sarCevi
187
4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli sagaloblebi . . . 50
TviTxmovani (idiomeloni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
saTviTxmovno, igive TviTsamsgavso (automeloni) . . . . . . . 51
msgavsi (prosomiosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Zlispiri (irmosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
swrafi (sindomosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
neli (argosindomosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Zalian neli (argosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Zlispiris saxis (irmologiuri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
dasdeblis tipis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
gamSvenebuli (papadikuri, anu samRvdelo) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
diastaltikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
sistaltikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
isixastikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
1. antifonuri saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2. epifonuri an ipofonuri saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3. responsoruli saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4. kananarxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5. himnuri galobis saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da formebi . . . . 58
1. dasdebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. tropari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3. kanoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4. kondaki da masTan dakavSirebuli ikosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5. daujdomeli (akaTisto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6. ipako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7. aRsavali (antifoni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8. wargoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9. aliluiari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
10. dasafarebi (katavasia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
11. ganmanaTlebeli (eqsapostelarioni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
12. ganicadeni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.5. miTiTebebi tipikonSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
damateba 1. eklesiis kanonikuri erTianobis mniSvneloba . . . . . . 80
damateba 2. dedani da TargmaniTavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
188
Tavi III. saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,
elementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi
1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
1.1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
1.2.3. xmis elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2. damateba: sxva elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.2. musikaluri sistemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.4. izokratima (isoni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Tavi IV.Bbizantiuri galobis notaciis sistema
da niSnebi (nevmebi)
1. Sesavali: notaciis niSnebis ganviTarebis periodizacia . . . . . 100
2. notaciis niSnebi (nevmebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.1. fonetikuri niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.2. uxmo niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.3. drois niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.4. xarisxis maxasiaTeblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.4.1 tonaluri niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
2.4.2 mosarTavi niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.5. fonetikur niSanTa gamoyenebis ramdenime wesi . . . . . . . . . 113
2.6. sxva niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.6.1. bgeraTa martiriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.6.2. fTorebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.6.3. alteraciis niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
2.64. ritmi da tempi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3. musikaluri sistemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.1 oqtaqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.2 pentaqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.3 tetraqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.4 triqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Tavi V. rvaxmaTas kanonikuri xmebi
1 . k a nonikuri xm e b is aRwera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 1 . 1 . x m a pirveli , a nu xm a a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 1.2. xma meore, anu xma b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 1.3. mesame xma, anu xma g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1.4. meoTxe xma, anu xma d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
189
1.5. mexuTe xma, anu xma e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 1.6. xma meeqvse, anu xma v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1.7. meSvide (dabali) xma, anu xma z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
1.8. merve xma, anu xma � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
2. kanonikuri xmebis martiriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
2.1. diatonuri gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
2.2. qromatuli gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
2.3. enharmoniuli gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
2.4. Sereuli xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
3. damateba: bgeraTa miziduloba
Tavi VI. wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba . . . 164
wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedeba . . . . . . . . . . 169
Tavi VII. Targmanebi
beri paisi (mTawmideli): “adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian” 174
wm. egnate brianCaninovi: ganxeTqilebisa da eresis Sesaxeb,
amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze . . . . . . . . . 182
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